Front Matter Page
SPILLOVER NOTES
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN MIGRATION
Patterns and Spillovers
Jesus Gonzalez-Garcia, Ermal Hitaj, Montfort Mlachila, Arina Viseth, and Mustafa Yenice
9 NOVEMBER 2016
SPILLOVER TASK FORCE | INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Front Matter Page
©2016 International Monetary Fund
Cover Design: IMF Multimedia Services
Composition: AGS, an RR Donnelley Company
Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Joint Bank-Fund Library
Names: Gonzalez-Garcia, Jesus. | Hitaj, Ermal. | Mlachila, Montfort. | Viseth, Arina. | Yenice, Mustafa. | International Monetary Fund. Spillover Task Force.
Title: Sub-Saharan African migration : patterns and spillovers / Jesus Gonzalez-Garcia, Ermal Hitaj, Montfort Mlachila, Arina Viseth, and Mustafa Yenice.
Other titles: Spillover notes (International Monetary Fund) ; 9.
Description: [Washington, DC] : Spillover Task Force, International Monetary Fund, 2016. | Spillover notes / International Monetary Fund ; 9 | October 2016. | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: ISBN 9781475546668
Subjects: LCSH: Africa, Sub-Saharan—Emigration and immigration—Economic aspects. | Income distribution—Africa, Sub-Saharan. | Refugees—Africa, Sub-Saharan.
Classification: LCC HB2121.A3 G65 2016
ISBN: 978-1-47554-666-8 (paper)
DISCLAIMER: Spillover Notes present detailed IMF work on spillover issues. The views expressed in Spillover Notes are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management.
Publication orders may be placed online, by fax, or through the mail:
International Monetary Fund, Publication Services
PO Box 92780, Washington, DC 20090, U.S.A.
Tel.: (202) 623-7430 Fax: (202) 623-7201
Email: publications@imf.org
Contents
Introduction and Summary
Migration Patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa
Overview
Migration within Sub-Saharan Africa
Some Stylized Facts
Determinants of Migration within Sub-Saharan Africa: A Short Survey of the Literature
Forced Migration
Migration outside Sub-Saharan Africa
What Determines Migration outside Sub-Saharan Africa?
Demographic Transition and Global Migration
Brain Drain and Brain Gain
Brain Drain versus Brain Gain
Review of Empirical Evidence for Sub-Saharan Africa
The Macroeconomic Role of Remittances
Evolution and Trends
Economic Impact of Remittances
Growth and Poverty Reduction
Reduction of Macroeconomic Volatility
A Word of Caution
Concluding Remarks
Annex 1. Robustness Check
References
Figures
1. Stocks of Sub-Saharan African Migrants
2. Migration within Sub-Saharan Africa: Top Receiving Countries and Migration Corridors
3. Migration within Sub-Saharan Africa: Top Senders of Migrants, 2013
4. Migration within Sub-Saharan Africa and Refugees, 1990–2013
5. Sub-Saharan Africa as a Refugee Destination
6. Refugees and Internally Displaced Population, 2000
7. Migration to the Rest of the World
8. Migration from Sub-Saharan Africa to the Rest of the World: Main Countries of Origin
9. Migration to the Rest of the World: Main Destination Countries
10. Population and Mortality Rate
11. Demographic Trends and Migration
12. Sub-Saharan Africa: Emigration of the Most Highly Skilled
13. Selected Financial Flows in Developing Countries and Sub-Saharan Africa
14. Remittances to Sub-Saharan Africa: Top Receivers, 2013–15
Table
1. Determinants of Migration from Developing to OECD Countries, 1997–2013
Box
1. Contribution of Sub-Saharan Africa to the Flow of Refugees toward Europe