Authors

Agénor, Pierre-Richard, and Joshua Aizenman. Contagion and Volatility with Imperfect Credit Markets.

Aizenman. Joshua, and Pierre-Richard Agénor. Contagion and Volatility with Imperfect Credit Markets.

Aylward, Lynn, and Rupert Thome. Countries’ Repayment Performance Vis-à-Vis the IMF: An Empirical Analysis

Brixiova, Zuzana, and Pietro Garibaldi. Labor Market Institutions and Unemployment Dynamics in Transition Economies

Cardoso, Eliana, and llan Goldfajn. Capital Flows to Brazil: The Endogeneily of Capital Controls.

Cardoso, Eliana. Virtual Deficits and the Patinkin Effect

Cordelia, Tito, and Eduardo Levy Yeyati. Public Disclosure and Bank Failures

Demirgüc-Kutu. Asli, and Enrica Detragiache. The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries

Detragiache, Enrica, and Asli Demirgüc-Kunt. The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries.

Gable, Jeffery A., and Eswar S. Prasad, International Evidence on the Determinants of Trade Dynamics

Frankel, Jeffrey A., and Shang-Jin Wei, Open Regionalism in a World of Continental Trade Blocs

Garibaldi, Pietro. and Zuzana Brixiova. Labor Markel Institutions and Unemployment Dynamics in Transition Economies

Ghosh, Atish, and Steven Phillips. Warning: Inflation May Be Harmful to Your Growth.

Gordon, Roger H. Can High Personal Tax Rates Encourage Entrepreneurial Activity?.

Goldfajn, llan, and Fliana Cardoso. Capital Rows to Brazil: The Endogeneity of Capital Controls.

Hardy, Daniel C. Anticipation and Surprises in Central Bank Interest Rate Policy: The Case of the Bundesbank.

Hoffmaister, Alexander W., Jorge E. Roldós. and Peter Wickham. Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Jochum, Christian, and Laura Kodres. Does the Introduction of Futures on Emerging Market Currencies Destabilize the Underlying Currencies ‘

Kaminsky, Giraciela. Saul Lizondo. and Carmen M, Reinhart. Leading Indicators of Currency Crises

Keen, Michael, Vertical Tax Externalities in the Theory of Fiscal Federalism

Kodres, Laura, and Christian Jochum. Does the introduction of Futures on Emerging Market Currencies Destabilize the Underlying Currencies?

Krajnyák, Kornélia, and Jeromin Zettelmeyer. Competitiveness in Transition Economies: What Scope for Real Appreciation?

Levy Yeyati, Eduardo. and Tito Cordella. Public Disclosure and Bank Failures

Lizondo, Saul, Graciela Kaminsky, and Carmen M. Reinhart. Leading Indicators of Currency Crises

Mackenzie, G.A. The Macroeeonomic Impact ol” Privatization.

Pattillo, Catherine Investment. Uncertainly, and Irreversibility in Ghana

Phillips, Steven, and Atish Ghosh, Warning: Inflaiion May Be Harmful to Your Growth

Prasad, Eswar S., and Jeffery A, Gable, International Evidence on the Determinants of Trade Dynamics

Ramaswamy, Ramana, and Torsten Sløk. The Real Effects of Monetary Policy in the European Union: What Are the Differences,’

Reinhart. Carmen M., Graciela Kaminsky. and Saul Lizondo. Leading Indicators of Currency Crises

Roldós. Jorge E.. Peter Wickham. and Alexander W. Hoffmaister. Macroeeonomic Fluctuations in Sub-Saharan Africa

Senhadji. Abdelhak. Time-Series Estimation of Structural Import Demand Equations: A Cross-Country Analysis

Sløk. Torsten, and Ramana Ramaswamy. The Real Effects of Monetary Policy in the European Union: What Are the Differences?

Tanzi. Vito. Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences. Scope, and Cures

Thome, Rupert, mid Lynn Aylward. Countries’ Repayment Performance Vis-à-Vis the IMF: An Empirical Analysis

Wei. Shang-Jin. and Jeffrey A. Frankel. Open Regionalism in a World of Continental Trade Blocs

Wiekhum. Peter. Alexander W. Hoffmaister. and Jorge E. Roldos. Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Sub-Saharan Africa

Zettelmeyer, Jeromin, and Krajnyák, Kornelia. Competitiveness in Transition Economies: What Scope for Real Appreciation?

Titles

Anticipation and Surprises in Central Bank Interest Rate Policy: The Case of the Bundeshank. By Daniel C. Hardy.

Can High Personal Tax Rates Encourage Entrepreneurial Activity? By Roger H. Gordon

Capital Flows to Brazil: The Endogeneity of Capital Controls. By Eliana Cardoso and Nan Goldfajn

Competitiveness in Transition Economies: What Scope tor Real Appreciation? By Kornélia Krajnyák and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

Contagion and Volatility with Imperfect Credit Markets. By Pierre-Richard Agènor and Joshua Aizenman

Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures, By VitoTanzi.

Countries’ Repayment Performance Vis-à-Vis the IMF: An Empirical Analysis. By Lynn Aylward and Rupert Thorne

The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries. By Asli Demirgüç-Kunt and Enrica Detragiache.

Does the Introduction of Futures on Emerging Market Currencies Destabilize the underlying Currencies? By Christian .jochum and Laura Kodres

International Evidence on the Determinants of Trade Dynamics. By Eswar S. Prasad and Jeffery A. Gable

Investment, Uncertainty, and Irreversibility in Ghana. By Catherine Pattillo

Labor Market Institutions and Unemployment Dynamics in Transition Economies. By Pietro Garibaldi and Zuzana Brixiova

Leading Indicators of Currency Crises. By Graciela Kaminsky. Saul Lizoildo. and Carmen M. Remhart

The Macroeconomic Impact of Privatization. By G.A. Mackenzie.

Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Sub-Saliaran Africa, By Alexander W. Hoffmaister. Jorge E, Roldós. and Peter Wickham

Open Regionalism in a World of Continental Trade Blocs. By Jeffrey A. Frankel and Shang-Jin Wei

Public Disclosure and Bank Failures. By Tito Cordelia and Eduardu Levy Yeyati

The Real Effects of Monetary Policy in the European Union: What Are the Differences? By Ramana Ramaswamy and Torsten Sløk.

Time-Series Estimation of Structural Import Demand Equations: A Cross-Country Analysis. By Abdelhak Senhadji.

Vertical Tax Externalities in the Theory of Fiscal Federalism. By Michael Keen..

Virtual Deficits and the Patinkin Effect, By Eliana Cardoso

Warning: Inflation May Be Harmful to Your Growth. By Atish Ghosh and Steven Phillips.

Subjects

To facilitate electronic storage and retrieval of bibliographic data. Staff Papers has adopted the subject classification scheme of the journal of Economic Literature (Nashville. Tennessee).

C Mathematical and Quantitative Methods

C22 Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models, Time-Series Models

• Does the Introduction of Futures on Emerging Market Currencies Destabilize the Underlying Currencies? By Christian Jochum and Laura Kodres.

• Time-Series Estimation of Structural Import Demand Equations: A Cross-Coumry Analysis. By Abdelhak Senhadji.

C24 Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models, Truncated and Censored Models

• Investment, Uncertainty, and Irreversibility in Ghana, By Catherine Pattillo.

C32 Econometric Methods: Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models. Time-Series Models

• Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Sub-Saharan Africa, By Alexander W. Hoffmaister. Jorge E. Roldds, and Peter Wiekham.

D Microeconomics

D81 Criteria lor Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainly

• Investment, Uncertainty, and Irreversibility in Ghana, By Catherine Pattillo.

D82 Asymmetric and Private Information

• Public Disclosure and Bank Failures. By Tito Cordelia and Eduardo Levy Yeyati.

D92 Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing

• Investment. Uncertainty, and Irreversibility in Ghana. By Catherine Pattillo.

E Macroeconomics and Monetary Economies

E10 General Aggregative Models, General

• Virtual Deficits and the Patinkin Effect. By Eliana Cardoso.

E21 Consumption; Saving

• Time-Series Estimation of Structural Import Demand Equations: A Cross-Country Analysis. By Abdelhak Senhadji.

E24 Employment: Unemployment; Wages

• Labor Market Institutions and Unemployment Dynamics in Transition Economies. By Pieiro Garibaldi and Zuzana Brixiova.

E31 Price Level: Inflation; Deflation

• Virtual Deficits and the Patinkin Effect. By Eliana Cardoso.

• Warning: Inflation May be Harmful to Your Growth. By Alish Ghosh and Steven Phillips.

E32 Business Fluctuations: Cycles

• International Evidence on the Determinants of Trade Dynamics, By Eswar S. Prasad and Jeffery A Gable.

• Macroeeonomic Fluctuations in Sub-Saharan Africa. By Alexander W. Hoffrnaister. Jorge E, Roldos. and Peter Wickham.

E43 Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates

• Anticipaiion and Surprises in Central Bank Interest Rate Policy: The Case of the Bundesbank. By Daniel C. Hardy.

E44 Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

• The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries. By Asli Demirgüç-Kunt and Enrica Deiragiache.

• Contagion and Volatility with Imperfect Credit Markets. By Pierre-Richard Agénor and Joshua Aizenman.

E47 Forecasting and Simulation

• Anticipation and Surprises in Central Bank Interest Rate Policy: The Case of the Bundesbank. By Daniel C. Hardy.

E5 Monetary Policy. Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

• The Real Effects of Monetary Policy in the European Union: What Are the Differences? By Ramana Ramaswamy.

E52 Monetary Policy (Targets. Instruments, and Effects)

• The Real Effects of Monetary Policy in the European Union: What Are the Differences? By Ramana Ramaswamy.

E58 Central Banks and Their Policies

• Virtual Deficits and the Patinkin Effect. By Eliana Cardoso.

• The Real Effects of Monetary Policy in the European Union: What Are the Differences? By Ramana Ramaswamy .

E62 Fiscal Policy: Public Expenditures, Investment, and Finance: Taxation

• Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures. By Vito Tanzi.

• The Macroeeonomic Impact of Privatization. By G.A. Mackenzie

• Virtual Deficits and the Patinkin Effect. By Eliana Cardoso.

F International Economics

F10 Trade, General

• International Evidence on the Determinants of Trade Dynamics. By Eswar S. Prasad and Jeffrey A. Gable.

F14 Country and Industry Studies of Trade

• Competitiveness in Transition Economies; What Scope for Real Appreciation? By Kornélia Krajnyák and Jeromin Zettelmeyer.

• Time-Series Estimation of Structural Import Demand Equations: A Cross-Country Analysis. By Abdelhak Setihadji.

F15 Economic Integration

• Open Regionalism in a World of Continental Trade Blocs. By Jeffrey A. Frankel and Shang-Jin Wei.

F21 International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements

• Competitiveness in Transition Economies: What Scope for Real Appreciation? By Kornélia Krajnyák and Jeromin Zettelmeyer.

F31 Foreign Exchange

• Leading Indicators of Currency Crises. By Graciela Kaminsky. Saul Lizondo, and Carmen M. Reinhart.

F32 Current Account Adjustment: Short-term Capital Movements

• Capital Flows to Brazil: The Endogeneity of Capital Controls. By Eliana Cardoso and Ilan Goldfajn .

• F33 International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions

• Countries’ Repayment Performance Vis-à-Vis the IMF: An Empirical Analysis. By Lynn Aylward and Rupert Thorne.

F34 International Lending and Debt Problems

• Countries’ Repayment Performance Vis-à-Vis the IMF: An Empirical Analysis. By Lynn Aylward and Rupert Thorne.

F36 Financial Aspects of Economic Integration

• Contagion and Volatility with Imperfect Credit Markets, By Pierre-Richard Agenor and Joshua Aizenman .

F4 Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance

F41 Open Economy Macroeconomics

• Capital Flows to Brazil: The Endogeneity of Capital Controls. By Eliana Cardoso and Ilan Goldfajn.

• Competitiveness in Transition Economies: What Scope for Real Appreciation? By Kornélia Krajnyák and Jeromin Zettelmeyer.

• International Evidence on the Determinants of Trade Dynamics, By Eswar S. Prasad and Jeffery A. Gable.

• Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Sub-Saharan Africa. By Alexander W, Hoffmaister. Jorge E. Roldos. and Peter Wickham.

• Time-Series Estimation of Structural Import Demand Equations: A Cross-Country Analysis. By Abdelhak Senhadji.

F47 Forecasting and Simulation

• Leading Indicators of Currency Crises. By Graciela Kaminsky. Saul Lizondo. and Carmen M. Reinhart .

G Financial Economics

G14 Information and Market Efficiency: Event Studies

• Public Disclosure and Bank Failures. By Tito Cordelia and Eduardo Levy Yeyati .

G15 International Financial Markets

• Does the Introduction of Futures on Emerging Market Currencies Destabilize the Underlying Currencies? By Christian Jochum and Laura Kodres .

G21 Banks: Other Depository Institutions: Mortgages

• Public Disclosure and Bank Failures. By Tito Cordelia and Eduardo Levy Yeyati .

• The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries. By Asli Demirgüç-Kunt and Enrica Detragiache.

G28 Government Policy and Regulation

• Public Disclosure and Bank Failures. By Tito Cordelia and Eduardo Levy Yeyati.

H Public Economics

H1 Structure and Scope of Government

• Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures. By Vito Tanzi.

H25 Business Taxes

• Can High Personal Tax Rates Encourage Entrepreneurial Activity.’ By Roger H. Gordon.

H21 Efficiency; Optimal Taxation

• Vertical Tax Externalities in the Theory of Fiscal Federalism. By Michael Keen.

H3 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

• Vertical Tax Externalities in the Theory of Fiscal Federalism. By Michael Keen.

• Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures. By Vito Tanzi.

H7 State and Local Government: Intergovernmental Relations

• Vertical Tax Externalities in the Theory of Fiscal Federalism. By Michael Keen.

I Health, Education, and Welfare

I31 General Welfare: Basic Needs: Quality of Life

• Contagion and Volatility with Imperfect Credit Markets. By Pierre-Richard Agenor and Joshua Atzenman

J Labor and Demographic Economics

J63 Turnover; Vacancies

• Labor Market Institutions and Unemployment Dynamics in Transition Economies. By Pietro Garibaldi and Zuzana Brixiova .

K Law and Economics

K4 Legal Procedure, the Legal Sysiem. and Illegal Behavior

• Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures. By VitoTanzi.

L Industrial Organization

L11 Production and Market Structure: Size Distribution of Firms

• Can High Personal Tax Rates Encourage Entrepreneurial Activity ? By Roger H. Gordon.

L33 Boundaries of Public and Private Enterprises: Privatization: Contracting Out

• The Macroeconomic Impact of Privatization. By G.A. Mackenzie.

N Economic History

N4 Government. Law, and Regulation

• Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope, and Cures. By Viio Tanzt.

O Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth

O31 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

• Can High Personal Tax Rates Encourage Entrepreneurial Activity’.’ By Roger H. Gordon.

O40 Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity. General

• Warning: Inflation May Be Harmful to Your Growth. By Alish Ghosh and Steven Phillips.

P Economic Systems

P20 Socialist Systems, General

• Competitiveness in Transition Economies: What Scope for Real Appreciation.’By Kornelia Krajnyak and Jeromin Zettelmeyer.

P50 Comparative Economic Systems, General

• Competitiveness in Transition Economies: What Scope for Real Appreciation? By Kornelia Krajnyak and Jeromin Zettelmeyer.

In statistical matter throughout this issue,

dots (…) indicate that data are not available:

a dash (—) indicates that the figure is zero or less than half the final digit shown, or that the item does not exist;

a single dot (.) indicates decimals;

a comma (,) separates thousands and millions;

“billion” means a thousand million, and “trillion” means a thousand billion;

a short dash (—) is used between years or months (for example. 1997-98 or January-October) to indicate a total of the years or months inclusive of the beginning and ending years or months;

a stroke (/) is used between years (for example. 1997/98) to indicate a fiscal year or a crop year;

a colon (:) is used between a year and the number indicating a quarter within that year (for example. 1998:1);

components of tables may not add to totals shown because of rounding.