A. Major Data Initiatives¹

1. In response to the financial crises of the mid-1990s, the IMF launched the Data Standards Initiatives (DSI) to enhance member countries’ data transparency and promote the development of sound statistical systems. Under the DSI, the IMF Executive Board established the Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS) in 1996 to provide guidance to countries that have or seek access to capital markets, and the General Data Dissemination System (GDDS) in 1997 to provide a framework for countries to work toward disseminating comprehensive and reliable data and, eventually, meet SDDS requirements. In February 2012, the Board also approved the SDDS Plus in support of domestic and international financial stability analysis.

• The GDDS helps countries to formulate comprehensive, but prioritized, plans for improvements in four dimensions: data coverage, periodicity and timeliness; data quality; data integrity; and access to data by the public. Countries commit to adopt the GDDS as a framework for their national systems of economic, financial, and socio-demographic data, to designate a country coordinator to interface with the IMF, and to document their statistical practices. Its recommendations are generally less demanding than the corresponding requirements of the SDDS.

• In May 2015, the IMF Executive Board approved the following enhancements to the GDDS (now e-GDDS) in four key areas; (i) align the e-GDDS data categories with those required for IMF surveillance activities; (ii) promote a standardized format for data publication using modern tools; (iii) leverage the IMF’s policy dialogue with member countries to elevate statistical issues to the level of policymakers; and (iv) introduce annual monitoring of countries’ progress in statistical development. The e-GDDS establishes three thresholds to track progress in countries’ capacity to publish the specified data categories. This would allow a better assessment of capacity development needs and prioritization of technical assistance by the IMF and donors.

• The SDDS identifies the same four dimensions of data dissemination as the GDDS, and for each dimension prescribes two to four monitorable elements—good practices that can be observed, or monitored, by users of statistics. Subscription to the SDDS is voluntary, but carries a commitment to observe the standard and to provide information to the IMF about dissemination practices. When the SDDS was established in March 1996, the IMF’s Executive Board emphasized that its implementation should be flexible and that the standard should evolve over time. Since that time the Board has reviewed the SDDS eight times, with modifications since the Seventh Review aimed at broadening financial indicators in response to the financial crisis.

• The SDDS Plus was established in October 2012 in support of domestic and international financial stability analysis, focusing on economies with systematically important financial sectors.

• The Data Gaps initiative (DGI) was created when, in response to the financial crisis, the G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Working Group #2 called on the IMF and the Financial Stability Forum (the predecessor of the FSB) “to explore gaps and provide appropriate proposals for strengthening data collection.” The IMF and FSB subsequently agreed on a set of recommendations with G-20 economies to better capture the build-up of risk in the financial sector, improve data on international financial network connections, monitor the vulnerability of domestic economies to shocks, and communicate official statistics.

Key Balance Sheet Related Macro Datasets

Table 4.

Key Balance Sheet Related Macro Datasets

Table 4.

Key Balance Sheet Related Macro Datasets

Dataset	Data type and coverage	Relevance for the Funds surveillance work	Data Gaps and Features	Remedial Measures
Sectoral balance sheets	Assets and liabilities of all sectors of the economy by type of asset (including nonfinancial assets). Quarterly for financial and annual for nonfinancial.	Sectoral financial strength and risks. A benchmark for understanding relative roles played and risks posed by financial health of subsectors and the rest of the world.	International comparability in terms of sectors and asset classification. Sector and asset classification not detailed enough. Most emerging market economies and some advanced economies do not compile, but have partial data for the financial sector.	Templates have been agreed to guide internationally country efforts.
Monetary and financial statistics (MFS)	Monthly balance sheets of central bank and other depository corporations. Quarterly balance sheet of other financial corporations. Asset and liability positions broken down by instrument, domestic/foreign currency, and counterparty sectors.	Monetary/Macroeconomic Policy monitoring and decision making; Open Market Operations; Macroprudential policy analysis. Data on monetary aggregates, liquidity measures, financial sector’s balance sheet exposures to domestic sectors and the rest of the world used in Article IV consultations, and GFSR.	Some important G-20 economies do not yet report the MFS standardized reporting forms (SRFs). Currently 142 out of 224 jurisdictions report SRF 1SR for central bank and 2SR for other depository corporations, with the exception of one jurisdiction that reports only SRF. 41 jurisdictions report SRF 4SR for other financial corporations	Actions for improving the framework include technical assistance provision to graduate countries to SRF reporter status. This effort should focus primarily on OFC data. MFS Manual and Compilation Guide are being revised.
Internationa1 investment position (IIP) and external financial account	Quarterly external positions (claims and liabilities) and transactions by functional and instrument classification with some domestic counterparty sectors vis-avis rest of the world.	International capital flows and positions. Measure degree of financial openness and indicator of financial stability. Monitor external debt and indicator of external debt sustainability. Useful for measuring rates of return. Analyze economic structure and study relationship to domestic sources of financing.	Data on other flows (revaluation and other volume changes) are yet to be developed for a number of countries and are not available to STA. New BPM6 IIP report forms allow for the collection of data items of interest for the analysis of spillover risks, such as currency of composition of assets and liabilities, remaining maturity, and short-term reserve-related liabilities.	STA focused on increasing the number of economies reporting IIP. Total number of economies reporting IIP data came from under 40 economies in 1998 to 143 in April 2015. All G-20 economies report IIP data to STA. 95 economies report quarterly IIP, following efforts in the context of the recommendations of the G-20 Data Gaps Initiative (G-20 DGI) and the March 2010 IMF Executive Board decision, which prescribed for SDDS subscribers the quarterly reporting of IIP data by end–September 2014.
Coordinated Direct Investment Survey (CDIS)	Global survey that collects data on direct investment (DI) positions for end–year by economy based on the location of the immediate counterpart to a DI position, with net equity investment reported separately from net debt investment. Annual data for both inward and outward DI positions are sought; for countries where outward is not material, data on inward are sufficient for participation in the CDIS.	Bilateral exposures through international direct investment positions. The CDIS supports the objective of developing from-whom-to-whom cross border data, complementing CPIS and Bank for International Settlements (BIS) International Banking Statistics data, and contributes to a better understanding of financial interconnectedness.	The CDIS is conducted on an annual basis starting with end-2009 data. Preliminary data and metadata are reported to the IMF within nine months after the end of the reference year and released within 12 months. The latest CDIS data were disseminated in December 2014, with 90 economies reporting preliminary data for 2013. Three G 20 economies do not report inward and outward positions.	To further enhance CDIS data quality, STA initiated a project to raise awareness of, and to address to the extent feasible, large bilateral asymmetries. STA is continuing its efforts to increase CDIS participation and improve data quality and dissemination.
Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey (CPIS)	The CPIS is the only global survey of portfolio investment holdings. It collects information on cross-border holdings of equities and long- and short-term debt securities classified by the economy of residence of the issuer. The coverage of the CPIS is augmented with information from two other IMF surveys, namely Securities Held as Foreign Exchange Reserves (SEFER), and Securities Held by International Organizations (SSIO).	The results of CPIS are used in the Fund’s surveillance papers and documents, such as Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) and Guidance Note for Article IV Consultations (SM/12/246). The CPIS core dataset provides “from-whom-to-whom” information on portfolio investment positions, which can be used to analyze interconnectedness of individual economies.	74 economies submitted end-December 2013 data. Coverage of other financial corporations is incomplete. Based on the results of these surveys, STA derives liabilities for all economies, not just for those participating in the surveys. Reporting of encouraged items has serious gaps. Two important G-20 economies and some offshore centers do not report CPIS data.	The CPIS covered only end-December holdings in 2001–2012. Starting with end-June 2013 data, a number of enhancements were adopted: (1) Semi-annual frequency; (2) Acceleration in dissemination of results; and (3) Enhancements in the scope of the data collection, including the collection of data on the institutional sector of the nonresident issuers of securities, and on the institutional sector of the resident holder cross-classified by the institutional sector of selected nonresident issuers. IMF staff are working to increase country coverage.
Quarterly External Debt statistics (QEDS)	Quarterly gross external debt statistics (QEDS) position are reported to the World Bank’s QEDS database on a voluntary basis by SDDS subscribers and GDDS participants. Prescribed SDDS/QEDS table presents gross external debt statistics (EDS) broken down by institutional sector, maturity, and debt instruments. Supplementary SDDS/QEDS tables present data on domestic and foreign currency breakdown, debt service payment schedule, remaining maturity, public sector debt, arrears, and foreign currency-linked debt positions. GDDS/QEDS tables present less granular gross EDS.	The benefit of bringing together comparable EDS is to facilitate macroeconomic analysis and cross-economy data comparison. The QEDS is a quarterly database, maintained by the World Bank, and is updated within four months after the end of the reference period.	Around 110 countries reports to the QEDS. Gaps exist for data reported on supplementary or additional bases. Few SDDS subscribers/GDDS participants report all supplementary/additional data. Most reported additional data correspond to foreign/domestic currency split and debt service payment schedule.	Increasing participation, improving the coverage and timeliness of EDS, and promoting convergence of recording practices to be aligned to the international statistical standards have been the focus of the IMF and World Bank in the area of EDS. In October 2014, the World Bank in collaboration with the IMF, launched the new QEDS database in line with the classifications and definitions of the 2013 EDS Guide and BPM6.
Financial Soundness Indicators (FSIs)	FSIs and underlying data, including full balance sheet and income statements for deposit takers, as well as somewhat less detailed data for other financial corporations, non-financial corporations, households, and real estate markets. Reporting with at least quarterly frequency is encouraged.	Monitor the soundness of the financial system and systemic risk. Peer group analysis. Macroprudential policy analysis. FSIs data used in FSAP reports, Article IV consultations, and GFSR.	Improving the data for existing reporters (in terms of coverage, quality, timeliness, and periodicity of reporting) and providing technical assistance to countries for increasing the number of reporters. Currently 100 economies report FSIs to the IMF, covering at least deposit takers, on quarterly, bi-annual, or annual basis. All G-20 countries report at least some FSIs.	FSI Compilation Guide is being revised. Seven FSIs included in the SDDS Plus. In consultation with national authorities, there is an ongoing pursuit to investigate, develop, and encourage implementation of reporting measures that can provide information on tail risks, concentrations, variations in distributions, and the volatility of indicators over time.
Government Finance Statistics (GFS)	Fiscal aggregates and balances plus transactions, other economic flows, and stock positions in financial assets and liabilities of the consolidated general government and its sub-sectors as relevant to the reporting country.	Provide measures of changes in—and the evolution of—the government’s net (financial) worth position over time. Effects of fiscal balances and balance sheet dynamics through the analysis of government’s portfolio of assets and liabilities that allow an assessment of the sustainability of fiscal policy visa-vis other sectors and rest of the world.	As of April 2015, financial balance sheets, by instrument, available for 63 economies, including all EU member states plus 9 other G-20 economies (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, and United States); several of these also report on a quarterly frequency.	Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM) 2014 has been finalized. The annual GFS Questionnaire has been enhanced to give greater emphasis to capturing data on remaining maturity and domestic/foreign currency composition of liabilities, as well as data on stock positions in financial assets and liabilities by counterpart sector. Seek to increase number of countries reporting financial balance sheets, close gaps in data and government subsector coverage and enhance comparability with central and general government series in Public Sector Debt data, focusing on 20+ countries that currently only report stocks of liabilities.
Public Sector Debt Statistics (PSDS)	Quarterly debt liability positions for central and general government and public nonfinancial and financial corporations by instrument, remaining maturity, domestic/foreign currency and residency of creditors. Financial assets are not reported.	Provides measures of public sector borrowing as defined in the 2008 SNA, the GFSM 2014, and the Public Sector Debt Statistics Guide (2011). Complements and expands institutional coverage of debt liabilities included in the GFS balance sheet. The PSDS is a quarterly database, maintained by the World Bank, and is updated within four months after the end of the reference period.	Currently 53 economies report data covering general and/or central government operations. Data for general government as well as public corporations (financial and nonfinancial) are available for 17 economies.	Increase number of reporting countries and close gaps in data coverage. The updated GFSM 2014-based annual questionnaire will facilitate comparing GFS series with PSD series for the general government sector.
FSB Common Data Template for GSIBs (Phase 3/Institution to Aggregate data template)	G-SIBs’ exposures to and funding dependencies from national systems, on a consolidated basis with granular information on the counterparty country, sector, instrument, currency and maturity with quarterly frequency.	This unique dataset is expected to serve as an important input for peer review analysis and to the work on financial interconnectedness and associated risks and spillover. The critical advantages of the data set are: (i) granularity: banking system aggregates may mask vulnerabilities at the more granular level; (ii) coverage: individual G-SIBs may have significant impacts on global financial stability, with repercussions across borders.		FSB Plenary needs to give the go-ahead for regular reporting to start in 2016. IFIs to have access to selected data, subject to confidentiality constraint. Further engagement with the industry to fine tune the template and guidelines is taking place in 2015.
BIS International Banking Statistics (IBS)	Quarterly statistics on international banking activity which includes: cross-border claims and liabilities of banks resident in BIS reporting countries (Locational Banking Statistics-LBS) and worldwide consolidated foreign claims of banks headquartered in BIS reporting countries (Consolidated Banking Statistics-CBS).	Assessment of external credit and funding risks faced by national financial systems and international flows. IMF uses IBS reports of individual economies as key inputs for global surveillance, including financial sector contagion module of the Vulnerability Exercise (VE), and analysis in the WEO.	Some important G-20 economies do not report to BIS. The Fund does not have access to detailed (restricted) data for some economies.	BIS has enhanced its IBS data and is working with G-20 nonreporting countries to encourage reporting.
BIS Securities Statistics Database	Quarterly issuance of international and domestic debt securities with a breakdown of the four main sectors: banks, other financial corporations, nonfinancial corporations, and general government. Currently, all G-20 economies report some data for inclusion in the BIS securities statistics.	Analysis of excessive build-up of debt, risks arising from currency and maturity mismatches. Funding sources and asset diversification. Securitization and role of shadow banking sector. Indicators of the financial depth of national financial systems.	Even though all G-20 countries are reporting some data, complete coverage is lacking. One of the key gaps is data by issuer and holder on from-whom-to-whom basis.	SDDS Plus requires reporting of from-whom-to-whom data for debt security holdings. One of the items under G-20 DGI.

View Table

Table 4.

Key Balance Sheet Related Macro Datasets

Dataset	Data type and coverage	Relevance for the Funds surveillance work	Data Gaps and Features	Remedial Measures
Sectoral balance sheets	Assets and liabilities of all sectors of the economy by type of asset (including nonfinancial assets). Quarterly for financial and annual for nonfinancial.	Sectoral financial strength and risks. A benchmark for understanding relative roles played and risks posed by financial health of subsectors and the rest of the world.	International comparability in terms of sectors and asset classification. Sector and asset classification not detailed enough. Most emerging market economies and some advanced economies do not compile, but have partial data for the financial sector.	Templates have been agreed to guide internationally country efforts.
Monetary and financial statistics (MFS)	Monthly balance sheets of central bank and other depository corporations. Quarterly balance sheet of other financial corporations. Asset and liability positions broken down by instrument, domestic/foreign currency, and counterparty sectors.	Monetary/Macroeconomic Policy monitoring and decision making; Open Market Operations; Macroprudential policy analysis. Data on monetary aggregates, liquidity measures, financial sector’s balance sheet exposures to domestic sectors and the rest of the world used in Article IV consultations, and GFSR.	Some important G-20 economies do not yet report the MFS standardized reporting forms (SRFs). Currently 142 out of 224 jurisdictions report SRF 1SR for central bank and 2SR for other depository corporations, with the exception of one jurisdiction that reports only SRF. 41 jurisdictions report SRF 4SR for other financial corporations	Actions for improving the framework include technical assistance provision to graduate countries to SRF reporter status. This effort should focus primarily on OFC data. MFS Manual and Compilation Guide are being revised.
Internationa1 investment position (IIP) and external financial account	Quarterly external positions (claims and liabilities) and transactions by functional and instrument classification with some domestic counterparty sectors vis-avis rest of the world.	International capital flows and positions. Measure degree of financial openness and indicator of financial stability. Monitor external debt and indicator of external debt sustainability. Useful for measuring rates of return. Analyze economic structure and study relationship to domestic sources of financing.	Data on other flows (revaluation and other volume changes) are yet to be developed for a number of countries and are not available to STA. New BPM6 IIP report forms allow for the collection of data items of interest for the analysis of spillover risks, such as currency of composition of assets and liabilities, remaining maturity, and short-term reserve-related liabilities.	STA focused on increasing the number of economies reporting IIP. Total number of economies reporting IIP data came from under 40 economies in 1998 to 143 in April 2015. All G-20 economies report IIP data to STA. 95 economies report quarterly IIP, following efforts in the context of the recommendations of the G-20 Data Gaps Initiative (G-20 DGI) and the March 2010 IMF Executive Board decision, which prescribed for SDDS subscribers the quarterly reporting of IIP data by end–September 2014.
Coordinated Direct Investment Survey (CDIS)	Global survey that collects data on direct investment (DI) positions for end–year by economy based on the location of the immediate counterpart to a DI position, with net equity investment reported separately from net debt investment. Annual data for both inward and outward DI positions are sought; for countries where outward is not material, data on inward are sufficient for participation in the CDIS.	Bilateral exposures through international direct investment positions. The CDIS supports the objective of developing from-whom-to-whom cross border data, complementing CPIS and Bank for International Settlements (BIS) International Banking Statistics data, and contributes to a better understanding of financial interconnectedness.	The CDIS is conducted on an annual basis starting with end-2009 data. Preliminary data and metadata are reported to the IMF within nine months after the end of the reference year and released within 12 months. The latest CDIS data were disseminated in December 2014, with 90 economies reporting preliminary data for 2013. Three G 20 economies do not report inward and outward positions.	To further enhance CDIS data quality, STA initiated a project to raise awareness of, and to address to the extent feasible, large bilateral asymmetries. STA is continuing its efforts to increase CDIS participation and improve data quality and dissemination.
Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey (CPIS)	The CPIS is the only global survey of portfolio investment holdings. It collects information on cross-border holdings of equities and long- and short-term debt securities classified by the economy of residence of the issuer. The coverage of the CPIS is augmented with information from two other IMF surveys, namely Securities Held as Foreign Exchange Reserves (SEFER), and Securities Held by International Organizations (SSIO).	The results of CPIS are used in the Fund’s surveillance papers and documents, such as Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) and Guidance Note for Article IV Consultations (SM/12/246). The CPIS core dataset provides “from-whom-to-whom” information on portfolio investment positions, which can be used to analyze interconnectedness of individual economies.	74 economies submitted end-December 2013 data. Coverage of other financial corporations is incomplete. Based on the results of these surveys, STA derives liabilities for all economies, not just for those participating in the surveys. Reporting of encouraged items has serious gaps. Two important G-20 economies and some offshore centers do not report CPIS data.	The CPIS covered only end-December holdings in 2001–2012. Starting with end-June 2013 data, a number of enhancements were adopted: (1) Semi-annual frequency; (2) Acceleration in dissemination of results; and (3) Enhancements in the scope of the data collection, including the collection of data on the institutional sector of the nonresident issuers of securities, and on the institutional sector of the resident holder cross-classified by the institutional sector of selected nonresident issuers. IMF staff are working to increase country coverage.
Quarterly External Debt statistics (QEDS)	Quarterly gross external debt statistics (QEDS) position are reported to the World Bank’s QEDS database on a voluntary basis by SDDS subscribers and GDDS participants. Prescribed SDDS/QEDS table presents gross external debt statistics (EDS) broken down by institutional sector, maturity, and debt instruments. Supplementary SDDS/QEDS tables present data on domestic and foreign currency breakdown, debt service payment schedule, remaining maturity, public sector debt, arrears, and foreign currency-linked debt positions. GDDS/QEDS tables present less granular gross EDS.	The benefit of bringing together comparable EDS is to facilitate macroeconomic analysis and cross-economy data comparison. The QEDS is a quarterly database, maintained by the World Bank, and is updated within four months after the end of the reference period.	Around 110 countries reports to the QEDS. Gaps exist for data reported on supplementary or additional bases. Few SDDS subscribers/GDDS participants report all supplementary/additional data. Most reported additional data correspond to foreign/domestic currency split and debt service payment schedule.	Increasing participation, improving the coverage and timeliness of EDS, and promoting convergence of recording practices to be aligned to the international statistical standards have been the focus of the IMF and World Bank in the area of EDS. In October 2014, the World Bank in collaboration with the IMF, launched the new QEDS database in line with the classifications and definitions of the 2013 EDS Guide and BPM6.
Financial Soundness Indicators (FSIs)	FSIs and underlying data, including full balance sheet and income statements for deposit takers, as well as somewhat less detailed data for other financial corporations, non-financial corporations, households, and real estate markets. Reporting with at least quarterly frequency is encouraged.	Monitor the soundness of the financial system and systemic risk. Peer group analysis. Macroprudential policy analysis. FSIs data used in FSAP reports, Article IV consultations, and GFSR.	Improving the data for existing reporters (in terms of coverage, quality, timeliness, and periodicity of reporting) and providing technical assistance to countries for increasing the number of reporters. Currently 100 economies report FSIs to the IMF, covering at least deposit takers, on quarterly, bi-annual, or annual basis. All G-20 countries report at least some FSIs.	FSI Compilation Guide is being revised. Seven FSIs included in the SDDS Plus. In consultation with national authorities, there is an ongoing pursuit to investigate, develop, and encourage implementation of reporting measures that can provide information on tail risks, concentrations, variations in distributions, and the volatility of indicators over time.
Government Finance Statistics (GFS)	Fiscal aggregates and balances plus transactions, other economic flows, and stock positions in financial assets and liabilities of the consolidated general government and its sub-sectors as relevant to the reporting country.	Provide measures of changes in—and the evolution of—the government’s net (financial) worth position over time. Effects of fiscal balances and balance sheet dynamics through the analysis of government’s portfolio of assets and liabilities that allow an assessment of the sustainability of fiscal policy visa-vis other sectors and rest of the world.	As of April 2015, financial balance sheets, by instrument, available for 63 economies, including all EU member states plus 9 other G-20 economies (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, and United States); several of these also report on a quarterly frequency.	Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM) 2014 has been finalized. The annual GFS Questionnaire has been enhanced to give greater emphasis to capturing data on remaining maturity and domestic/foreign currency composition of liabilities, as well as data on stock positions in financial assets and liabilities by counterpart sector. Seek to increase number of countries reporting financial balance sheets, close gaps in data and government subsector coverage and enhance comparability with central and general government series in Public Sector Debt data, focusing on 20+ countries that currently only report stocks of liabilities.
Public Sector Debt Statistics (PSDS)	Quarterly debt liability positions for central and general government and public nonfinancial and financial corporations by instrument, remaining maturity, domestic/foreign currency and residency of creditors. Financial assets are not reported.	Provides measures of public sector borrowing as defined in the 2008 SNA, the GFSM 2014, and the Public Sector Debt Statistics Guide (2011). Complements and expands institutional coverage of debt liabilities included in the GFS balance sheet. The PSDS is a quarterly database, maintained by the World Bank, and is updated within four months after the end of the reference period.	Currently 53 economies report data covering general and/or central government operations. Data for general government as well as public corporations (financial and nonfinancial) are available for 17 economies.	Increase number of reporting countries and close gaps in data coverage. The updated GFSM 2014-based annual questionnaire will facilitate comparing GFS series with PSD series for the general government sector.
FSB Common Data Template for GSIBs (Phase 3/Institution to Aggregate data template)	G-SIBs’ exposures to and funding dependencies from national systems, on a consolidated basis with granular information on the counterparty country, sector, instrument, currency and maturity with quarterly frequency.	This unique dataset is expected to serve as an important input for peer review analysis and to the work on financial interconnectedness and associated risks and spillover. The critical advantages of the data set are: (i) granularity: banking system aggregates may mask vulnerabilities at the more granular level; (ii) coverage: individual G-SIBs may have significant impacts on global financial stability, with repercussions across borders.		FSB Plenary needs to give the go-ahead for regular reporting to start in 2016. IFIs to have access to selected data, subject to confidentiality constraint. Further engagement with the industry to fine tune the template and guidelines is taking place in 2015.
BIS International Banking Statistics (IBS)	Quarterly statistics on international banking activity which includes: cross-border claims and liabilities of banks resident in BIS reporting countries (Locational Banking Statistics-LBS) and worldwide consolidated foreign claims of banks headquartered in BIS reporting countries (Consolidated Banking Statistics-CBS).	Assessment of external credit and funding risks faced by national financial systems and international flows. IMF uses IBS reports of individual economies as key inputs for global surveillance, including financial sector contagion module of the Vulnerability Exercise (VE), and analysis in the WEO.	Some important G-20 economies do not report to BIS. The Fund does not have access to detailed (restricted) data for some economies.	BIS has enhanced its IBS data and is working with G-20 nonreporting countries to encourage reporting.
BIS Securities Statistics Database	Quarterly issuance of international and domestic debt securities with a breakdown of the four main sectors: banks, other financial corporations, nonfinancial corporations, and general government. Currently, all G-20 economies report some data for inclusion in the BIS securities statistics.	Analysis of excessive build-up of debt, risks arising from currency and maturity mismatches. Funding sources and asset diversification. Securitization and role of shadow banking sector. Indicators of the financial depth of national financial systems.	Even though all G-20 countries are reporting some data, complete coverage is lacking. One of the key gaps is data by issuer and holder on from-whom-to-whom basis.	SDDS Plus requires reporting of from-whom-to-whom data for debt security holdings. One of the items under G-20 DGI.