IMF Policy Paper: Quota and Voice Reform—Elements of a Possible Approach Statistical Appendix
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Calculated as the sum of variable weights multiplied by a country’s shares in the global total of the respective variables.

Abstract

Calculated as the sum of variable weights multiplied by a country’s shares in the global total of the respective variables.

Table 1a.

Calculated Quota Shares Based on a Linear Formula 1/ 2/

(In percent)

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Source: Finance Department.

Calculated as the sum of variable weights multiplied by a country’s shares in the global total of the respective variables.

Based on 1993-2005 data. Reflects the impact of adjustments to current receipts and payments for re-exports, international banking interest, and non-monetary gold.

For the three countries that have not yet consented to, and paid for, their quota increases, 11th Review proposed quotas are used. Includes Montenegro, which became a member on January 18, 2007 (pre-Singapore shares have been adjusted accordingly).

GDP is blended using GDP weighted 75 percent at market exchange rates and 25 percent at PPP exchange rates. PPP data from the quota database reported in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007) were retrieved from the WEO database as of January 31, 2007 (converted to SDRs) for 176 countries; for nine countries with no WEO data, PPP GDP was estimated based on the countries’ share in global GDP at market rates.

The compression (K) raises the quota formula to the power of K.

Includes China, P.R., and Hong Kong SAR.

Table 2a.

Second Round Simulation - Illustration of Voting Shares Based on the Combined Formula Approach 1/ 2/

(In percent)

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Source: Finance Department.

These simulations assume a uniform proportional reduction of out-of-lineness, based on members’ pre-Singapore quota shares and taking into account the first round ad hoc increases provided to four members. They also assume: a) an 8.1 percent increase (total first and second round increase of 10.0 percent); b) basic votes to the level specified above, and protection of the pre-Singapore voting shares of LICs; and c) foregoing by eligible G-7 members to the level specified above.

Based on 1993-2005 data. Reflects the impact of adjustments to current receipts and payments for re-exports, international banking interest, and non-monetary gold. For the three countries that have not yet consented to, and paid for, their quota increases, 11th Review proposed quotas are used. Includes Montenegro, which became a member on January 18, 2007 (pre-Singapore shares have been adjusted accordingly).

GDP is blended using GDP weighted 75 percent at market exchange rates and 25 percent at PPP exchange rates. PPP data from the quota database reported in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007) were retrieved from the WEO database as of January 31, 2007 (converted to SDRs) for 176 countries; for nine countries with no WEO data, PPP GDP was estimated based on the countries’ share in global GDP at market rates.

Q = (0.5*GDP Blend + 0.3*Openness + 0.15*Variability + 0.05*Reserves)^0.95.

Q = (0.5*GDP Blend + 0.25*Openness + 0.2*Variability + 0.05*Reserves)^0.95.

Includes China, P.R., and Hong Kong SAR.

Table 3a.

Second Round Simulation - Illustration of Voting Shares Based on the Filter Approach 1/ 2/ 3/

(In percent)

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Source: Finance Department.

Under these scenarios, all members are eligible for a quota increase if their out-of-lineness (calculated quota share divided by actual quota share) is greater than 1.0. Emerging market and developing countries are also eligible under a supplementary filter if the member’s share of global PPP GDP is 50 percent greater than its actual quota share, and its level of out-of-lineness (calculated quota share over actual quota share, or CQS/AQS) is greater than 0.667 under the specified formula, implying that the member is over-represented by less than 50 percent using its calculated quota share as a base. These scenarios also assume: a) an 8.1 percent increase (total first and second round increase of 10.0 percent); b) basic votes to the level specified above, and protection of the pre-Singapore voting shares of LICs; c) foregoing by eligible G-7 members to the level specified above; d) for underrepresented countries not also eligible under the filter, a uniform proportionate reduction in out-of-lineness; e) for underrepresented countries also eligible under the filter, a uniform proportionate reduction in out-of-lineness or a 5 percent increase above their pre-Singapore voting shares, whichever is greater; and f) for over-represented members eligible under the filter, a 5 percent increase above their pre-Singapore voting shares.

Based on 1993-2005 data. Reflects the impact of adjustments to current receipts and payments for re-exports, international banking interest, and non-monetary gold. For the three countries that have not yet consented to, and paid for, their quota increases, 11th Review proposed quotas are used. Includes Montenegro, which became a member on January 18, 2007 (pre-Singapore shares have been adjusted accordingly).

PPP data from the quota database reported in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007) were retrieved from the WEO database as of January 31, 2007 (converted to SDRs) for 176 countries and, for nine countries with no WEO data, PPP GDP was estimated based on the countries’ share in global GDP at market rates, as published in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007).

0.50*GDP + 0.3*Openness + 0.15*Variability + 0.05*Reserves.

0.50*GDP + 0.25*Openness + 0.2*Variability + 0.05*Reserves.

Includes China, P.R., and Hong Kong SAR.

Table 4a.

Second Round Simulation - Illustration of Voting Shares Based on the Filter Approach with a Threshold 1/ 2/ 3/

(in percent)

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Source: Finance Department.

Under these scenarios, all members are eligible for a quota increase if their out-of-lineness (calculated quota share divided by actual quota share) is greater than 1.1. Emerging market and developing countries are also eligible under a supplementary filter if the member’s share of global PPP GDP is 50 percent greater than its actual quota share, and its level of out-of-lineness (calculated quota share over actual quota share, or CQS/AQS) is greater than 0.667 under the specified formula, implying that the member is over-represented by less than 50 percent using its calculated quota share as a base. These scenarios also assume: a) an 8.1 percent increase (total first and second round increase of 10.0 percent); b) basic votes to the level specified above, and protection of the pre-Singapore voting shares of LICs; c) foregoing by eligible G-7 members to the level specified above; d) for underrepresented countries not also eligible under the filter, a uniform proportionate reduction in out-of-lineness; e) for underrepresented countries also eligible under the filter, a uniform proportionate reduction in out-of-lineness or a 5 percent increase above their pre-Singapore voting shares, whichever is greater; and f) for over-represented members eligible under the filter, a 5 percent increase above their pre-Singapore voting shares.

Based on 1993-2005 data. Reflects the impact of adjustments to current receipts and payments for re-exports, international banking interest, and non-monetary gold. For the three countries that have not yet consented to, and paid for, their quota increases, 11th Review proposed quotas are used. Includes Montenegro, which became a member on January 18, 2007 (pre-Singapore shares have been adjusted accordingly).

PPP data from the quota database reported in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007) were retrieved from the WEO database as of January 31, 2007 (converted to SDRs) for 176 countries and, for nine countries with no WEO data, PPP GDP was estimated based on the countries’ share in global GDP at market rates, as published in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007).

0.5*GDP + 0.30*Openness + 0.15*Variability + 0.05*Reserves.

0.5*GDP + 0.25*Openness + 0.2*Variability + 0.05*Reserves.

Includes China, P.R., and Hong Kong SAR.

Table 5.

Second Round Simulation - Illustration of Actual Quota Shares Based on the Combined Formula Approach 1/ 2/

(In percent)

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Source: Finance Department.

These simulations assume a uniform proportional reduction of out-of-lineness, based on members’ pre-Singapore quota shares and taking into account the first round ad hoc increases provided to four members. They also assume: a) an 8.1 percent increase (total first and second round increase of 10.0 percent); b) basic votes to the level specified above, and protection of the pre-Singapore voting shares of LICs; and c) foregoing by eligible G-7 members to the level specified above.

Based on 1993-2005 data. Reflects the impact of adjustments to current receipts and payments for re-exports, international banking interest, and non-monetary gold. For the three countries that have not yet consented to, and paid for, their quota increases, 11th Review proposed quotas are used. Includes Montenegro, which became a member on January 18, 2007 (pre-Singapore shares have been adjusted accordingly).

GDP is blended using GDP weighted 75 percent at market exchange rates and 25 percent at PPP exchange rates. PPP data from the quota database reported in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007) were retrieved from the WEO database as of January 31, 2007 (converted to SDRs) for 176 countries; for nine countries with no WEO data, PPP GDP was estimated based on the countries’ share in global GDP at market rates.

Q = (0.5*GDP Blend + 0.3*Openness + 0.15*Variability + 0.05*Reserves)^0.95.

Q = (0.5*GDP Blend + 0.25*Openness + 0.2*Variability + 0.05*Reserves)^0.95.

Including Korea and Singapore.

Uniform proportional reduction in the gap between calculated and actual pre-Singapore quota shares, using the formula indicated above.

PRGF-eligible countries.

Table 5a.

Second Round Simulation - Illustration of Actual Quota Shares Based on the Combined Formula Approach 1/ 2/

(In percent)

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Source: Finance Department.

These simulations assume a uniform proportional reduction of out-of-lineness, based on members’ pre-Singapore quota shares and taking into account the first round ad hoc increases provided to four members. They also assume: a) an 8.1 percent increase (total first and second round increase of 10.0 percent); b) basic votes to the level specified above, and protection of the pre-Singapore voting shares of LICs; and c) foregoing by eligible G-7 members to the level specified above.

Based on 1993-2005 data. Reflects the impact of adjustments to current receipts and payments for re-exports, international banking interest, and non-monetary gold. For the three countries that have not yet consented to, and paid for, their quota increases, 11th Review proposed quotas are used. Includes Montenegro, which became a member on January 18, 2007 (pre-Singapore shares have been adjusted accordingly).

GDP is blended using GDP weighted 75 percent at market exchange rates and 25 percent at PPP exchange rates. PPP data from the quota database reported in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007) were retrieved from the WEO database as of January 31, 2007 (converted to SDRs) for 176 countries; for nine countries with no WEO data, PPP GDP was estimated based on the countries’ share in global GDP at market rates.

Q = (0.5*GDP Blend + 0.3*Openness + 0.15*Variability + 0.05*Reserves)^0.95.

Q = (0.5*GDP Blend + 0.25*Openness + 0.2*Variability + 0.05*Reserves)^0.95.

Includes China, P.R., and Hong Kong SAR.

Table 6.

Second Round Simulation - Illustration of Actual Quota Shares Based on the Filter Approach 1/ 2/ 3/

(In percent)

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Source: Finance Department.

Under these scenarios, all members are eligible for a quota increase if their out-of-lineness (calculated quota share divided by actual quota share) is greater than 1.0. Emerging market and developing countries are also eligible under a supplementary filter if the member’s share of global PPP GDP is 50 percent greater than its actual quota share, and its level of out-of-lineness (calculated quota share over actual quota share, or CQS/AQS) is greater than 0.667 under the specified formula, implying that the member is over-represented by less than 50 percent using its calculated quota share as a base. These scenarios also assume: a) an 8.1 percent increase (total first and second round increase of 10.0 percent); b) basic votes to the level specified above, and protection of the pre-Singapore voting shares of LICs; c) foregoing by eligible G-7 members to the level specified above; d) for underrepresented countries not also eligible under the filter, a uniform proportionate reduction in out-of-lineness; e) for underrepresented countries also eligible under the filter, a uniform proportionate reduction in out-of-lineness or a 5 percent increase above their pre-Singapore voting shares, whichever is greater; and f) for over-represented members eligible under the filter, a 5 percent increase above their pre-Singapore voting shares.

Based on 1993-2005 data. Reflects the impact of adjustments to current receipts and payments for re-exports, international banking interest, and non-monetary gold. For the three countries that have not yet consented to, and paid for, their quota increases, 11th Review proposed quotas are used. Includes Montenegro, which became a member on January 18, 2007 (pre-Singapore shares have been adjusted accordingly).

PPP data from the quota database reported in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007) were retrieved from the WEO database as of January 31, 2007 (converted to SDRs) for 176 countries and, for nine countries with no WEO data, PPP GDP was estimated based on the countries’ share in global GDP at market rates, as published in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007).

0.50*GDP + 0.3*Openness + 0.15*Variability + 0.05*Reserves.

0.50*GDP + 0.25*Openness + 0.2*Variability + 0.05*Reserves.

Including Korea and Singapore.

Uniform proportional reduction in the gap between calculated and actual pre-Singapore quota shares, using the formula indicated above.

PRGF-eligible countries.

Table 6a.

Second Round Simulation - Illustration of Actual Quota Shares Based on the Filter Approach 1/ 2/ 3/

(In percent)

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Source: Finance Department.

Under these scenarios, all members are eligible for a quota increase if their out-of-lineness (calculated quota share divided by actual quota share) is greater than 1.0. Emerging market and developing countries are also eligible under a supplementary filter if the member’s share of global PPP GDP is 50 percent greater than its actual quota share, and its level of out-of-lineness (calculated quota share over actual quota share, or CQS/AQS) is greater than 0.667 under the specified formula, implying that the member is over-represented by less than 50 percent using its calculated quota share as a base. These scenarios also assume: a) an 8.1 percent increase (total first and second round increase of 10.0 percent); b) basic votes to the level specified above, and protection of the pre-Singapore voting shares of LICs; c) foregoing by eligible G-7 members to the level specified above; d) for underrepresented countries not also eligible under the filter, a uniform proportionate reduction in out-of-lineness; e) for underrepresented countries also eligible under the filter, a uniform proportionate reduction in out-of-lineness or a 5 percent increase above their pre-Singapore voting shares, whichever is greater; and f) for over-represented members eligible under the filter, a 5 percent increase above their pre-Singapore voting shares.

Based on 1993-2005 data. Reflects the impact of adjustments to current receipts and payments for re-exports, international banking interest, and non-monetary gold. For the three countries that have not yet consented to, and paid for, their quota increases, 11th Review proposed quotas are used. Includes Montenegro, which became a member on January 18, 2007 (pre-Singapore shares have been adjusted accordingly).

PPP data from the quota database reported in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007) were retrieved from the WEO database as of January 31, 2007 (converted to SDRs) for 176 countries and, for nine countries with no WEO data, PPP GDP was estimated based on the countries’ share in global GDP at market rates, as published in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007).

0.50*GDP + 0.3*Openness + 0.15*Variability + 0.05*Reserves.

0.50*GDP + 0.25*Openness + 0.2*Variability + 0.05*Reserves.

Includes China, P.R., and Hong Kong SAR.

Table 7.

Second Round Simulation - Illustration of Actual Quota Shares Based on the Filter Approach with a Threshold 1/ 2/ 3/

(in percent)

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Source: Finance Department.

Under these scenarios, all members are eligible for a quota increase if their out-of-lineness (calculated quota share divided by actual quota share) is greater than 1.1. Emerging market and developing countries are also eligible under a supplementary filter if the member’s share of global PPP GDP is 50 percent greater than its actual quota share, and its level of out-of-lineness (calculated quota share over actual quota share, or CQS/AQS) is greater than 0.667 under the specified formula, implying that the member is over-represented by less than 50 percent using its calculated quota share as a base. These scenarios also assume: a) an 8.1 percent increase (total first and second round increase of 10.0 percent); b) basic votes to the level specified above, and protection of the pre-Singapore voting shares of LICs; c) foregoing by eligible G-7 members to the level specified above; d) for underrepresented countries not also eligible under the filter, a uniform proportionate reduction in out-of-lineness; e) for underrepresented countries also eligible under the filter, a uniform proportionate reduction in out-of-lineness or a 5 percent increase above their pre-Singapore voting shares, whichever is greater; and f) for over-represented members eligible under the filter, a 5 percent increase above their pre-Singapore voting shares.

Based on 1993-2005 data. Reflects the impact of adjustments to current receipts and payments for re-exports, international banking interest, and non-monetary gold. For the three countries that have not yet consented to, and paid for, their quota increases, 11th Review proposed quotas are used. Includes Montenegro, which became a member on January 18, 2007 (pre-Singapore shares have been adjusted accordingly).

PPP data from the quota database reported in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007) were retrieved from the WEO database as of January 31, 2007 (converted to SDRs) for 176 countries and, for nine countries with no WEO data, PPP GDP was estimated based on the countries’ share in global GDP at market rates, as published in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007).

0.5*GDP + 0.3*Openness + 0.15*Variability + 0.05*Reserves.

0.5*GDP + 0.25*Openness + 0.2*Variability + 0.05*Reserves.

Including Korea and Singapore.

Uniform proportional reduction in the gap between calculated and actual pre-Singapore quota shares, using the formula indicated above.

PRGF-eligible countries.

Table 7a.

Second Round Simulation - Illustration of Actual Quota Shares Based on the Filter Approach with a Threshold 1/ 2/ 3/

(in percent)

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Source: Finance Department.

Under these scenarios, all members are eligible for a quota increase if their out-of-lineness (calculated quota share divided by actual quota share) is greater than 1.1. Emerging market and developing countries are also eligible under a supplementary filter if the member’s share of global PPP GDP is 50 percent greater than its actual quota share, and its level of out-of-lineness (calculated quota share over actual quota share, or CQS/AQS) is greater than 0.667 under the specified formula, implying that the member is over-represented by less than 50 percent using its calculated quota share as a base. These scenarios also assume: a) an 8.1 percent increase (total first and second round increase of 10.0 percent); b) basic votes to the level specified above, and protection of the pre-Singapore voting shares of LICs; c) foregoing by eligible G-7 members to the level specified above; d) for underrepresented countries not also eligible under the filter, a uniform proportionate reduction in out-of-lineness; e) for underrepresented countries also eligible under the filter, a uniform proportionate reduction in out-of-lineness or a 5 percent increase above their pre-Singapore voting shares, whichever is greater; and f) for over-represented members eligible under the filter, a 5 percent increase above their pre-Singapore voting shares.

Based on 1993-2005 data. Reflects the impact of adjustments to current receipts and payments for re-exports, international banking interest, and non-monetary gold. For the three countries that have not yet consented to, and paid for, their quota increases, 11th Review proposed quotas are used. Includes Montenegro, which became a member on January 18, 2007 (pre-Singapore shares have been adjusted accordingly).

PPP data from the quota database reported in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007) were retrieved from the WEO database as of January 31, 2007 (converted to SDRs) for 176 countries and, for nine countries with no WEO data, PPP GDP was estimated based on the countries’ share in global GDP at market rates, as published in Quotas—Updated Calculations and Data Adjustments (2007).

0.5*GDP + 0.3*Openness + 0.15*Variability + 0.05*Reserves.

0.5*GDP + 0.25*Openness + 0.2*Variability + 0.05*Reserves.

Includes China, P.R., and Hong Kong SAR.

1

Messrs. Burton (Chair), Ahmed, Anjaria, Edwards, Hagan, Kuhn, and Kincaid; a FIN team led by Mr. Tweedie has worked closely with the group.

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