Abstract
IMF Country Report No. 23/226
Copyright Page
IMF Country Report No. 23/226
KIRIBATI
SELECTED ISSUES
June 2023
This paper on Kiribati was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on March 31, 2023.
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© 2023 International Monetary Fund
Title Page
KIRIBATI
SELECTED ISSUES
March 31, 2023
Approved By
Asia and Pacific Department
Prepared By Anh Thi Ngoc Nguyen (APD), Nico Valckx (AFR), Cristian Alonso, and Joel Kilpatrick (both FAD), Lisa Kolovich (SPR), and Michele Fornino (STA)
Contents
CLIMATE CHANGE IN KIRIBATI: THE WAY FORWARD
A. Introduction
B. Adaptation
C. Mitigation
D. Climate Finance
E. Conclusion
References
FIGURES
1. Conceptual Description of Climate Note and Policy Advice
2. Estimated Annual Climate Adaptation Costs
3. Price Increases Due to a Carbon Tax of $25 per Ton
4. Burden of Higher Prices by Quintile for a Carbon Tax of $20 per Ton
5. Funding Approved and Disbursed by the GCF as of May 2021
UNLOCKING GROWTH POTENTIAL IN KIRIBATI: TAKING STOCK OF STRUCTURAL REFORMS
A. Introduction
B. Potential Growth Impact of Structural Reforms
C. Taking Stock of Recent Structural Reforms in Kiribati
D. Policy Recommendations and Conclusion
References
FIGURES
1. Economic Performance of Kiribati and Its Peers
2. Growth and Poverty Reduction Under Alternative Development Scenarios
3. The Need for Reforms in Labor, Capital and Infrastructure Markets
4. Economic Diversification
TABLE
1. Development Plan, 2020–2023
APPENDICES
I. Model Input Parameters for Long-Term Growth Calculations, (2021–2050)
II. Major Infrastructure Projects Implemented in Kiribati
GENDER EQUALITY IN KIRIBATI: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS
A. Context
B. Impact Of Gender Equality on Growth
C. Policies: Progress in The Past and Options for the Future
D. Conclusion
References
BOX
1. Construction of Gender Inequality Index (GII) for Kiribati
FIGURES
1. Gender Comparison in Labor Outcomes
2. Results of Growth Decomposition Model
3. Improvement of Legal Framework on Gender
TABLE
1. Selected Indicator on Gender Equality
FISHERIES DEVELOPMENTS IN KIRIBATI: SUSTAINABILITY AND GROWTH
A. Introduction
B. Developments in Catch Volumes and Sustainability
C. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and Fishery Management Rules
D. The PIPA – Kiribati’s Marine Protected Area
E. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
References
BOX
1. Assessing Sustainability in Fisheries Management
FIGURES
1. Tuna Catch
2. Sustainability of Tuna in WCP and Kiribati
3. Current MPA Coverage in Major FAO Fishing Areas