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IMF Country Report No. 23/90
REPUBLIC OF CONGO
POVERTY REDUCTION AND GROWTH STRATEGY
February 2023
This paper on the Republic of Congo was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the Republic of Congo. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on December 21, 2022.
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Title Page
Preface
Following the presidential election of 20 March 2016, our country resolutely embarked on the march towards development that continues today. In all likelihood, this process will continue for another ten years to enable the Congo to join the circle of emerging countries. And, perhaps, another ten years will be required to bring the Congo into the sphere of development. This long march requires action planning, conceived as a voluntarist process of defining objectives to be achieved over time and underpinned by a relevant definition of strategies, a consistent mobilisation, and an optimal allocation of resources.
The National Development Plan (NDP) 2022-2026, which is the result of the social project shared by a large majority of Congolese in the presidential election of 21 March 2021, is therefore an important reference tool, dedicated to the continuation of our march towards development.
In the light of previous planning experiences, specially the NDPs 2012-2016 and 2018-2022, strategic choices have been necessary. The NDP 2022-2026 is no exception to this rule. The first choice made is that of the development paradigm: the all-economic for the all-social. In other words, it is necessary, above all, to build a solid economy in order to satisfy social expectations. It is this economy, which we want to be strong, diversified, and resilient, that will serve social progress for all.
The second option adopted concerns the priority given to six sectors, namely agriculture in the broad sense, industry, special economic zones, tourism, the digital economy, and real estate development, which constitute the pillars of the construction of a strong, diversified, and resilient economy within the framework of our NDP.
It remains that such an enterprise cannot prosper, in a sustainable manner, without peace, national unity, security for all and stable institutions. Similarly, sustainable development would be a vain incantation without good governance, improvement of the business climate, effective support and development of the private sector and protection of the environment.
For a prosperous and dynamic economy, generated by the implementation of the NDP 2022-2026, it is necessary to improve the quality of human capital, health and social protection for all, and the provision of water and electricity to households, the improvement of living conditions and the easy movement of people and goods, as a social dividend of the implementation of the national development plan.
More globally, this plan is expected to achieve average annual GDP growth of over 4% and 7% for non-oil activities. This will also result in a decrease in the level of poverty and a sharp reduction in the unemployment rate (6.5% in 2026 against 11.4% in 2021).
Today, the world is uncertain. Several risks tend to jeopardise global economic stability. The same threats weigh on the development of the national economy. The NDP 2022-2026 offers the advantage of identifying the perceptible apprehensions and providing measures to mitigate them.
Above all, the success of the NDP depends on the country's ability to mobilise national and international funding and to implement all the programmes and projects selected with rigour.
It is therefore important to communicate widely, both inside and outside the country, on the ambitions pursued within the framework of the NDP, and to ensure meticulous monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of all the programmes and projects of this development plan.
Together, let us continue the march towards development, with a strong, diversified, and resilient economy for inclusive growth, sustainable and irreversible development.
May our people mobilise even more and persevere, more than usual, in their commitment to the proper and successful implementation of the NDP 2022- 2026, a guarantee of a better and more promising future.
Brazzaville, le 14 JAN 2022
Denis SASSOU N’GUESSO.-
Président de la République du Conga, Chef de l’Etat.
Overview
On 21 March 2021, Congolese people renewed their confidence in the President of the Republic, His Excellency Mr Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO, following the presidential election, with a turnout of 67.55% and 88.40% of the vote.
Through this vote, Congolese people have adhered to the President of the Republic's social project, entitled “Together, let us continue the march". This social project is based on nine axes, themselves structured into three poles of governance, namely: institutional and systemic governance; attractive economic and financial governance; and social and solidarity-based governance.
With this in mind, in his inaugural speech on 16 April 2021, the President of the Republic, Head of State, instructed the Government to transform the vision and commitments contained in his social plan into an action programme. In the same vein, the Head of State instructed the Government to submit to Parliament a new five-year development plan, starting from 1 January 2022, in line with the social project approved by the people.
The NDP 2022-2026, which draws lessons from the implementation of the last two NDPs (2012-2016 and 2018-2022), reflects the President of the Republic's guidelines on the economic and financial governance of our country and the diversification of the Congolese economy, which is necessary for the emergence of a non-oil industrial sector. It also considers the recommendations contained in the CEMAC economic and financial reform programme (PREF- CEMAC) on the structural transformation of national economies.
The aim is to build a strong, diversified, and resilient economy. To achieve this, the new NDP is based on six pillars that constitute growth-generating activities: agriculture in the broad sense, industry, special economic zones, tourism, the digital economy, and real estate.
The effective implementation of the NDP 2022-2026 requires quality basic infrastructure.
Notwithstanding the progress already made in this area, water, electricity and roads will receive special attention, and will thus form part of the social dividend expected from the NDP. The same applies to the business environment and good governance, which are determining factors in the attractiveness and competitiveness of our economy. In this respect, the institutional reforms undertaken by the Government in recent years have enabled our country to have an arsenal for monitoring good governance and the fight against corruption.
The structural reforms initiated will be carried out in tandem with the development of human capital, which is the nation's primary asset. To this end, a major effort will be made to improve the quality of our education system and our health services throughout the country.
The health crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, which occurred in 2020, still dominates the international context at the time of the adoption of this NDP. At the national level, the 2022- 2026 NDP comes at a time of gradual recovery of economic activities and the restoration of relations of trust with our main public and private creditors. The efforts made to clean up and consolidate public finances, and the prospect of signing an agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for access to an extended credit facility to support the government's economic and financial programme, are favourable elements for the implementation of the NDP.
Ultimately, the NDP 2022-2026 constitutes the programmatic framework of reference for government action to continue the march towards development.
In a rapidly changing world with many uncertainties, the success of the NDP 2022-2026 depends above all and to a large extent on our ability to work together in unity, discipline, and peace.
I therefore urge all the actors concerned, particularly the public administrations, the elected representatives of the people, the national and foreign private sector, civil society, and development partners, to become effectively involved in the implementation of the new plan, with a view to guaranteeing its full success and achieving the emergence of the Congo.
Ultimately, the NDP 2022-2026 constitutes the programmatic framework of reference for government action to continue the march towards development.
In a rapidly changing world with many uncertainties, the success of the NDP 2022-2026 depends above all and to a large extent on our ability to work together in unity, discipline, and peace.
I therefore urge all the actors concerned, particularly the public administrations, the elected representatives of the people, the national and foreign private sector, civil society, and development partners, to become effectively involved in the implementation of the new plan, with a view to guaranteeing its full success and achieving the emergence of the Congo.
Preamble
When the President of the Republic, Head of State, announced in his solemn investiture speech to the supreme magistracy on 16 April 2021, before the Parliament, the realisation of a new National Development Plan (NDP) 2022-2026 in relation to his political commitment contained in his social project “Together, let's continue the march”, it was up to the government team installed, a few weeks later, to get down to work.
It was then that, within the framework of a particular procedure, a new structure was set up by decree 2021-347 of 6 July 2021, the “Economic and Social Policy Task Force".
Chaired by the personal representative of the President of the Republic, appointed by Decree No. 2021-304 of 25 May 2021, the Task Force has provided guidance to all the administrations that have drawn up the new NDP under the coordination of the minister in charge of planning.
It is worth noting, and this is also a new fact, that the technical work was carried out exclusively by executives from the ministerial departments and national experts.
A broadly participatory approach was followed, though, on the one hand, thematic workshops, involving representatives of institutions such as the Parliament as well as those of the various bodies of the consultative councils, structures of civil society and the private sector, technical and financial partners, and on the other hand, a series of meetings of the Minister of Planning with the top officials of the said entities.
The reflection resulted in a clear and pertinent choice to build a plan which, in many respects, is different from the previous ones, called the second-generation plan.
Indeed, this NDP differs from the others in that it retains only one field of concentration, namely the diversification of the economy built strictly around six strategic pillars.
Moreover, the innovative character of this approach lies in its vocation to integrate all social and environmental concerns.
Finally, it is clearly stated that it is from the creation of wealth through various economic activities that the country will have the means to resolve, as it expands, the social problems facing the nation.
It cannot be otherwise.
Growth as such only has meaning and interest if it is primarily dedicated to improving the living conditions of the people as well as stimulating the economy through a progressive qualification of human resources, a constant reduction of social disparities and poverty.
There is no doubt that the dynamism and interaction of the six strategic pillars that form the core of the NDP will create jobs in all sectors of the economy.
It should be pointed out that the implementation of the NDP is reserved solely for the ministries involved in the programmes selected in the six growth-generating pillars through a precise and realistic financing scheme.
It should also be stressed that the coordination of the implementation of the NDP and the supervision of the monitoring and evaluation system are entrusted to the Prime Minister, Head of Government.
Lastly, it is worth highlighting the role of the Economic and Social Policy Task Force, which is responsible for submitting an annual performance report on the implementation of the NDP to the Prime Minister, Head of Government, and the President of the Republic, Head of State.
In fact, the process of developing the new plan was not only complex, but also intense, as the expected result had to be produced in a relatively short period of time.
In this context, the Congolese managers and experts showed exemplary efficiency in completing this remarkable work in four months.
All in all, the NDP 2022-2026 is an intellectual and technical production, of fine workmanship, made in Congo, of which we can be proud.
Furthermore, the development partners who have provided us with considerable logistical and financial support are to be congratulated.
I would therefore like to express my sincere thanks to all the stakeholders for the immensity and quality of the work accomplished, and to acknowledge the contribution of the various development partners who have made a significant contribution to the production, within the required timeframe, of the NDP 2022-2026 “A strong, diversified and resilient economy for inclusive growth and irreversible sustainable development".
Table of Contents
Preface
Overview
Preamble
Table of Contents
List of tables
List of graphics
Acronyms and abbreviations: French and English
Executive Summary
GENERAL PRESENTATION
PART I: REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENT BENCHMARKS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC OF CONGO
Chapter 1: Overall assessment of the NDPs 2012-2016 and 2018-2022
1.1. Overall evaluation of the NDP 2012-2016
1.1.1. Macroeconomic performance of the NDP 2012-2016
1.1.2. Social performance of the NDP 2012-2016
1.1.3. PND 2012-2016 Performance in the strategic areas of the NDP 2012-2016
1.2. Overall assessment of the NDP 2018-2022
1.2.1. Macroeconomic performance of the NDP 2018-2022
1.2.2. Social performance of the NDP 2018-2022
1.3. Recommendations for the development and implementation of the NDP 2022-2026
1.3.1. On the development process
Chapter 2: Diagnostic analysis of the socio-economic situation in Congo
5.1. 2.1. Demographic and social status
2.1.1. Demographic trends
2.1.2. Employment
2.1.3. Poverty and inequality
2.1.4. Access to basic social services
5.2. 2.2. Economic and financial situation
2.2.1. Global, regional and sub-regional trends
2.2.2. Growth trajectory of the Congolese economy
2.2.3. Competitiveness of the economy
2.2.4. Inflation
2.2.5. Financing the economy
2.2.6. Public finances and debt
2.2.7. Foreign trade
5.3. 2.3. Challenges in laying the foundations for a strong, diversified and resilient economy
PART II: NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Chapter 3: Strategic direction and objectives of the NDP 2022-2026
5.4. 3.1. Strategic orientation
5.5. 3.2. NDP objectives
Chapter 4: Strategic pillars of the NDP 2022-2026
4.1. Large Pillar 1: Development of agriculture in a wider spectrum
Strategic and specific objectives
4.2. Pillar 2: Industry development
Issues and challenges
Strategic and specific goals
4.3. Pillar 3: Development of special economic zones
Issues and challenges
Strategic and specific objectives
4.4. Pillar 4: Tourism development
Issues and challenges
4.5. Pillar 5: Development of the digital economy
Key issues and challenges
Strategic and specific goals
4.6. Pillar 6: Property development
Issues and challenges
Strategic and specific goals
Chapter 5 : Areas of support
5.6. Peace, security and political stability
5.7. Good governance
5.8. Support and development of the private sector
5.9. Economic growth and environmental protection
Chapter 6: Social dividend and strengthening basic infrastructure
6.1. Human Capital
6.1.1. Education
6.1.2 Health
6.1.3 Social protection
6.2 Strengthening basic infrastructure
6.2.1 Water, electricity and sanitation
6.2.2 Roads
PART III : MACROECONOMIC
IMPLICATIONS
Chapter 7 : Macroeconomic outlook
7.1. Assumptions underlying the forecasts
7.2. Growth and investment rates
7.3. Inflation trends
7.4. Resources
7.5. Evolution of the current account
7.6. Developments in the monetary situation
7.7. Impact of growth on employment and poverty
7.7.1. Reducing unemployment
7.7.2. Poverty reduction
Chapter 8 : Risk Assesment
8.1. Risks related to the international situation
8.2. Economic and financial risks
8.3. Environmental and climatic risks
8.4. Health risks
8.5. Risks related to low stakeholder ownership
8.6. Risks and mitigation measures
PART IV: TOOLS FOR OPERATIONALISING THE 2022-2026 NDP
Chapter 9: Implementation Framework
9.1. Overview
9.2. Implementing components
9.3. Implementation structure of the NDP 2022-2026
9.4. Implementation of strategy
Chapter 10: Financing Scheme and Implementation of the Programme Budget
10.1. Funding scheme
10.1.1. Cost of the NDP
10.1.2. Financing the NDP
10.1.3. Financing constraints of the Congolese economy
10.1.4. Financing strategy
10.1.5. Prior reforms
10.2. Program mode budgeting
10.2.1. Principles
10.2.2. Tools and mechanisms
10.2.3. Objectives of the programme budget in the implementation of the NDP 2022-2026
Chapter 11: Monitoring and evaluation and communication strategy
11.1. Monitoring and evaluation
11.1.1. Monitoring and evaluation of programmes and actions
11.1.2. Institutional mechanism for monitoring and evaluation of the NDP 2022-2026
11.2. Communication strategy
11.2.1. Objective of the communication plan
11.2.2. Content of the communication plan
CONCLUSION
Table of tables
Table 1: Changes in poverty indices by strata between 2005 and 2011
Table 2: Evolution of multidimensional poverty between 2011-2012 and 2014-2015
Table 3: Status of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Republic of Congo
Table 4: Evolution of the annual growth rate of GDP in the secondary sector from 2014 to 2020 (%)
Table 5: Evolution of the index of economic freedom and its components
Table 6: Evolution of domestic credit of banks (in billions of FCFA)
Table 7: Growth ( in %) in the NDP scenario
Table 8: Investment rate ( in %) in the NDP scenario
Table 9: Own resources in the NDP scenario
Table 10: Current account balance in the NDP scenario
Table 11: Monetary situation in the NDP scenario
Table 12: Risks and mitigation measures
Table 13: NDP financing plan (in billions of FCFA)
Table of graphics
Figure 1 : Age pyramid of the population of Congo 2020
Figure 2: Representation of women by business lines in 2018
Figure 3: Epidemiological situation and share of fully/partially vaccinated persons
Figure 4: Evolution of the GDP growth rate from 2009 to 2020 (%)
Figure 5: Evolution of the GDP growth rate (optical offer) from 2014 to 2020
Figure 6: Evolution of GDP growth, demand side from 2009 to 2020
Figure 7: Evolution of GDP growth in the agricultural sector (in the broad sense) from 2012 to 2020
Figure 8: Evolution of the annual growth rate of GDP in the tourism sector from 2014 to 2016
Figure 9: Annual change in inward FDI between 2015 and 2020 (in millions of US dollars)
Figure 10: Evolution of the inflation rate from 2014 to 2020
Figure 11: Annual evolution of the amounts raised on the public securities market between 2017 and May 2021 (in millions of FCFA)
Figure 12: Annual evolution of amounts collected and loans granted by microfinance between 2017 and 2020 (in billions of francs CFA)
Figure 13: Evolution of public revenue and expenditure (in % of GDP)
Figure 14: Evolution of the debt ratio from 2014 to 2021 (in percentage)
Figure 15: Evolution of balance of payments indicators ( in % of GDP)
Figure 16: Evolution of the poverty rate over the period 2020-2026 by scenarios
Figure 17: Evolution of the poverty rate over the period 2020-2026 by scenarios
Acronyms and abbreviations: French and English
AfDBBanque Africaine de Développement ACCF Fonds africain pour le changement climatique AE Autorisation d'engagement AFD Agence française de développement AGR Activités Génératrices de Revenus ANDAE Agence Nationale de Développement de l'Agriculture et de l'Elevage ANDPA Agence Nationale de Développement de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture ARPCE Autorité de régulation des postes et des communications électroniques AVATT Équipe spéciale pour l'acquisition de vaccins en Afrique BADEA Banque Arabe Pour le Développement Economique en Afrique BDEAC Banque de développement des Etats d'Afrique centrale BEAC Banque des Etats d'Afrique centrale BEPC Brevet d'études du premier cycle BGFI Banque gabonaise française internationale BIT Bureau international du travail BM Banque mondiale BSCA Banque sino-congolaise pour l'Afrique BTA Bon du trésor assimilable BTP Bâtiments et travaux publics CADEG Charte Africaine de la Démocratie, des Elections et de la Gouvernance CAFI Central African forest investment CBMT Cadre budgétaire à moyen terme CCA Caisse congolaise d'amortissement CCMB Comité de cadrage macroéconomique et budgétaire CDMT Cadre des dépenses à moyen terme CEC Centrale électrique du Congo CEMAC Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale CFCO Chemin de fer Congo océan CLAC Centres de lecture et d'animation culturelle CNE Conseil national d'évaluation CNEEPIP Centre national d'études et d'évaluation des projets d'investissement public CNIAF Centre national d'inventaire et d'aménagement des ressources forestières et fauniques CNUCED Conférence des Nations unies pour le commerce et le développement COPASOL Congolaise des panneaux solaires COPIL Comité de pilotage CP Crédits de paiement CPIA Évaluation institutionnelle des politiques nationales CSD Cadre stratégique de développement CT Coordination technique CVM Chaine de Valeur Mondiale CVPFLN Centre de valorisation des Produits forestiers non ligneux DEP Direction des études et de la planification DEPE Direction des études et prévisions économiques DESP Directeur des études et synthèse des projets DGE Direction générale de l'économie DGIFN Direction générale des institutions financières nationales DGPD Direction générale du plan et du développement DSAE Direction des synthèses et analyses économiques DSPD Direction des stratégies et des politiques de développement DSSI Initiative de suspension du service de la dette E²C Energie électrique du Congo ECOM Enquête congolaise auprès des ménages EDSC Enquête démographique et de santé au Congo EHCVMEnquête harmonisée sur les conditions de vie des ménages ESISC Enquête de séroprévalence et des indicateurs de Sida au Congo ETVA Enquête sur la transition vers la vie active FAGR Fonds d'appui aux activités génératrices des revenus FAH Fonds d'aménagement halieutique FCFAFranc de la coopération financière en Afrique centrale FEC Facilité élargie de crédit FEM Fonds pour l'environnement mondial FIC Fonds d'investissement climatique FMI Fonds monétaire international FONDECOFonderie du Congo FSA Fonds de soutien à l'agriculture GAR Gestion axée sur les résultats GIE Groupement d'intérêt économique GNL Gaz naturel liquéfié IDE Investissement direct étranger IDH Indice de développement humain IIAG Ibrahim index of African governance INS Institut national de la statistique IPM Indice de pauvreté multidimensionnelle LCB La Congolaise des Banques MAEP Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'élevage et de la pêche MEC Mécanisme élargi de crédit MEF Ministère de l'économie forestière MEFB Ministère de l'économie, des finances et du budget MEPSA Ministère de l'enseignement primaire, secondaire et de l'alphabétisation MICS Enquête par grappes à indicateurs multiples MSP Ministère de la santé et de la population MTNMobil téléphone Networks MZESDE Ministère des zones économiques spéciales et de la diversification économique ODD Objectif de développement durable OHADAOrganisation pour l'harmonisation du droit des affaires en Afrique OIT Organisation internationale du travail OMTOrganisation mondiale du tourisme ONG Organisation non Gouvernementale OPEP Organisation des pays exportateurs de pétrole ORA Observer-réfléchir-agir OSC Organisation de la société civile OTA Obligation assimilable du trésor PAP Programme d'actions prioritaires PARSA Projet de Relance du Secteur Agricole PASEC Programme d'analyse des systèmes éducatifs de la CONFEMEN PCN Projet de couverture nationale PDAC projet de développement de l'agriculture commerciale PLD Plan local de développement PIB Produit intérieur brut PIP Programme d'investissements publics PME Petites et moyennes entreprises PMI Petites et moyennes industries PND Plan national de développement PNUD Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement PPAP Programme pluriannuel d'actions prioritaires PPFNC Projet paysage forestier nord Congo PPP Partenariat public-privé PPTEPays pauvres très endettés PREF-CEMAC Programme de réformes économiques et financières de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale PRODIVAC Projet de développement intégré des chaines de valeurs au Congo ProNAR Programme National d'Afforestation et de Reboisement PTF Partenaire technique et financier RCA République Centrafricaine RDC République Démocratique du Congo REGEC Recensement général des entreprises du Congo RGPH Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat RNDH Rapport national sur le développement humain SCCFFonds spécial pour le changement climatique SIVL Système Informatisé de Vérification de la Légalité du bois SNDS Stratégie nationale de développement de la statistique SNR Service National de Reboisement SNU Système des Nations Unies SOCITOUR Société congolaise d'ingénierie touristique SOPECO Société des postes et de l'épargne du Congo SOPRIM Société de promotion immobilière SPC Société des pavés du Congo SPISA Système permanent intégré des statistiques agricoles STP Secrétariat technique permanent TBS Taux brut de scolarisation TCERTaux de change effectif réel TIC Technologies de l'information et de la communication TOFE Tableau des opérations financières de l'Etat UNFPA Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population UNICEFFonds des Nations Unies pour l'enfance WDI Indicateurs de développement mondial OMS Organisation mondiale de la santé Rapport d'investissement WIR Word ZAP Zone agricole protégée ZES Zone économique spéciale ZLECAF Zone de libre-échange continentale africaine |
AfDB African Development Bank ACCF African climate change fund AE Commitment authorization AFD French Development Agency IGA Income Generating Activities ANDAE National Agency for the Development of Agriculture and Livestock ANDPA National Fisheries and Aquaculture Development Agency ARPCE Post and Electronic Communications Regulatory Authority AVATT African vaccine acquisition task team BADEA Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa BDEAC Development Bank of Central African States BEAC Bank of Central African States BEPC Certificate of first cycle studies BGFI International French Gabonese Bank ILO International Labor Office WB World Bank BSCA Sino-Congolese Bank for Africa BTA Equivalent treasury bond BTP Buildings and public works ACDEG African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance CAFI Central African forest investment MTBF Medium Term Budget Framework MACF Macroeconomic and Budgetary Framework Committee CDMT Medium-term expenditure framework Congo Power Station CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa CFCO Congo Ocean Railway CLAC Reading and cultural activity centres NEC National Evaluation Council CNEEPIP National Centre for the Study and Evaluation of Public Investment Projects CNIAF Centre national d'inventaire et d'aménagement des ressources forestières et fauniques UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development COPASOL Congolaise des panneaux solaires COPIL Steering Committee CP Payment credits CPIA Country Policy Institutionnal Assessment CSD Strategic Development Framework TC Technical coordination CVM Global Value Chain CVPFLN Centre de valorisation des Produits forestiers non ligneux DEP Directorate of Studies and Planning DEPE Directorate of Economic Studies and Forecasts DESP Director of Studies and Project Synthesis DGE Directorate General for the Economy DGIFN Directorate General of National Financial Institutions DGPD Directorate General for Planning and Development DSAE Directorate of Economic Synthesis and Analysis DSPD Directorate of Development Strategies and Policies DSSI Debt Service Suspension Initiative E²C Electricity of the Congo ECOM Congolese Household Survey EDSC Congo Demographic and Health SurveyEHCVM Harmonised survey of household living conditions ESISC Survey of seroprevalence and indicators of AIDS in Congo ETVA Survey on the transition to working life FAGR Support fund for income-generating activities FAH Fisheries Development Fund FCFA Franc de la coopération financière en Afrique centrale FEC Extended Credit Facility Global Environment Facility CIF Climate Investment Fund IMF International Monetary Fund FONDECO Congo Foundry FSA Fonds de soutien à l'agriculture GIE Groupement d'intérêt économique GNL Liquefied natural gas FDI Foreign direct investment HDI Human development index IIAG Ibrahim index of African governance INS National Institute of Statistics IPM Multidimensional poverty index LCB The Congolese of Banks MAEP Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries MEC Extended Credit Facility MEF Ministry of Forest Economy MEFB Ministry of Economy, Finance and Budget MEPSA Ministry of Primary, Secondary and Literacy Education MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MSP Ministry of Health and Population MTN Mobil Telephone Networks MZESDE Ministry of Special Economic Zones and Economic Diversification MDG Sustainable Development Goal OHADA Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa ILO International Labour Organisation WTO World Tourism Organisation NGO Non-Governmental Organisation OPEC Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries ORA Observe-Reflect-Act OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ORA Observe-reflect-act OTA Obligation assimilable du trésor PAP Priority Action Programme PARSA Projet de Relance du Secteur Agricole PASEC Program for the analysis of educational systems of CONFEMEN PCN National Coverage Project PDAC Commercial Agriculture Development Project PLD Local Development Plan GDP Gross Domestic Product PIP Public Investment Programme SME Small and medium enterprises PMI Small and Medium Industries PND National Development Plan UNDP United Nations Development Programme PPAP Programme pluriannuel d'actions prioritaires PPFNC Projet paysage forestier nord Congo PPP Public-Private Partnership HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries PREF- CEMAC Economic and Financial Reform Programme of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa PRODIVAC Project for the integrated development of value chains in Congo ProNAR National Afforestation and Reforestation Programme PTF Technical and financial partner RCA Central African Republic DRC Democratic Republic of Congo REGEC Recensement général des entreprises du Congo RGPH Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat RNDH National Human Development Report SCCF Special Climate Change Fund SIVL Computerised Timber Legality Verification System SNDS National Strategy for the Development of Statistics SNR Service National de Reboisement SNU United Nations System SOCITOUR Congolese Tourism Engineering Company SOPECO Société des postes et de l'épargne du Congo SOPRIM Société de promotion immobilière SPC Société des pavés du Congo SPISA Permanent Integrated System of Agricultural Statistics STP Permanent Technical Secretariat TBS Gross enrolment rate TCER Real effective exchange rate TIC Information and communication technology TOFE Table of State financial operations UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund WDI World development indicators WHO World Heath Organization WIR Word Investment Report ZAP Protected agricultural area SEZ Special Economic Zone ZLECAF African Continental Free Trade Area |
AfDBBanque Africaine de Développement ACCF Fonds africain pour le changement climatique AE Autorisation d'engagement AFD Agence française de développement AGR Activités Génératrices de Revenus ANDAE Agence Nationale de Développement de l'Agriculture et de l'Elevage ANDPA Agence Nationale de Développement de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture ARPCE Autorité de régulation des postes et des communications électroniques AVATT Équipe spéciale pour l'acquisition de vaccins en Afrique BADEA Banque Arabe Pour le Développement Economique en Afrique BDEAC Banque de développement des Etats d'Afrique centrale BEAC Banque des Etats d'Afrique centrale BEPC Brevet d'études du premier cycle BGFI Banque gabonaise française internationale BIT Bureau international du travail BM Banque mondiale BSCA Banque sino-congolaise pour l'Afrique BTA Bon du trésor assimilable BTP Bâtiments et travaux publics CADEG Charte Africaine de la Démocratie, des Elections et de la Gouvernance CAFI Central African forest investment CBMT Cadre budgétaire à moyen terme CCA Caisse congolaise d'amortissement CCMB Comité de cadrage macroéconomique et budgétaire CDMT Cadre des dépenses à moyen terme CEC Centrale électrique du Congo CEMAC Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale CFCO Chemin de fer Congo océan CLAC Centres de lecture et d'animation culturelle CNE Conseil national d'évaluation CNEEPIP Centre national d'études et d'évaluation des projets d'investissement public CNIAF Centre national d'inventaire et d'aménagement des ressources forestières et fauniques CNUCED Conférence des Nations unies pour le commerce et le développement COPASOL Congolaise des panneaux solaires COPIL Comité de pilotage CP Crédits de paiement CPIA Évaluation institutionnelle des politiques nationales CSD Cadre stratégique de développement CT Coordination technique CVM Chaine de Valeur Mondiale CVPFLN Centre de valorisation des Produits forestiers non ligneux DEP Direction des études et de la planification DEPE Direction des études et prévisions économiques DESP Directeur des études et synthèse des projets DGE Direction générale de l'économie DGIFN Direction générale des institutions financières nationales DGPD Direction générale du plan et du développement DSAE Direction des synthèses et analyses économiques DSPD Direction des stratégies et des politiques de développement DSSI Initiative de suspension du service de la dette E²C Energie électrique du Congo ECOM Enquête congolaise auprès des ménages EDSC Enquête démographique et de santé au Congo EHCVMEnquête harmonisée sur les conditions de vie des ménages ESISC Enquête de séroprévalence et des indicateurs de Sida au Congo ETVA Enquête sur la transition vers la vie active FAGR Fonds d'appui aux activités génératrices des revenus FAH Fonds d'aménagement halieutique FCFAFranc de la coopération financière en Afrique centrale FEC Facilité élargie de crédit FEM Fonds pour l'environnement mondial FIC Fonds d'investissement climatique FMI Fonds monétaire international FONDECOFonderie du Congo FSA Fonds de soutien à l'agriculture GAR Gestion axée sur les résultats GIE Groupement d'intérêt économique GNL Gaz naturel liquéfié IDE Investissement direct étranger IDH Indice de développement humain IIAG Ibrahim index of African governance INS Institut national de la statistique IPM Indice de pauvreté multidimensionnelle LCB La Congolaise des Banques MAEP Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'élevage et de la pêche MEC Mécanisme élargi de crédit MEF Ministère de l'économie forestière MEFB Ministère de l'économie, des finances et du budget MEPSA Ministère de l'enseignement primaire, secondaire et de l'alphabétisation MICS Enquête par grappes à indicateurs multiples MSP Ministère de la santé et de la population MTNMobil téléphone Networks MZESDE Ministère des zones économiques spéciales et de la diversification économique ODD Objectif de développement durable OHADAOrganisation pour l'harmonisation du droit des affaires en Afrique OIT Organisation internationale du travail OMTOrganisation mondiale du tourisme ONG Organisation non Gouvernementale OPEP Organisation des pays exportateurs de pétrole ORA Observer-réfléchir-agir OSC Organisation de la société civile OTA Obligation assimilable du trésor PAP Programme d'actions prioritaires PARSA Projet de Relance du Secteur Agricole PASEC Programme d'analyse des systèmes éducatifs de la CONFEMEN PCN Projet de couverture nationale PDAC projet de développement de l'agriculture commerciale PLD Plan local de développement PIB Produit intérieur brut PIP Programme d'investissements publics PME Petites et moyennes entreprises PMI Petites et moyennes industries PND Plan national de développement PNUD Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement PPAP Programme pluriannuel d'actions prioritaires PPFNC Projet paysage forestier nord Congo PPP Partenariat public-privé PPTEPays pauvres très endettés PREF-CEMAC Programme de réformes économiques et financières de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale PRODIVAC Projet de développement intégré des chaines de valeurs au Congo ProNAR Programme National d'Afforestation et de Reboisement PTF Partenaire technique et financier RCA République Centrafricaine RDC République Démocratique du Congo REGEC Recensement général des entreprises du Congo RGPH Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat RNDH Rapport national sur le développement humain SCCFFonds spécial pour le changement climatique SIVL Système Informatisé de Vérification de la Légalité du bois SNDS Stratégie nationale de développement de la statistique SNR Service National de Reboisement SNU Système des Nations Unies SOCITOUR Société congolaise d'ingénierie touristique SOPECO Société des postes et de l'épargne du Congo SOPRIM Société de promotion immobilière SPC Société des pavés du Congo SPISA Système permanent intégré des statistiques agricoles STP Secrétariat technique permanent TBS Taux brut de scolarisation TCERTaux de change effectif réel TIC Technologies de l'information et de la communication TOFE Tableau des opérations financières de l'Etat UNFPA Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population UNICEFFonds des Nations Unies pour l'enfance WDI Indicateurs de développement mondial OMS Organisation mondiale de la santé Rapport d'investissement WIR Word ZAP Zone agricole protégée ZES Zone économique spéciale ZLECAF Zone de libre-échange continentale africaine |
AfDB African Development Bank ACCF African climate change fund AE Commitment authorization AFD French Development Agency IGA Income Generating Activities ANDAE National Agency for the Development of Agriculture and Livestock ANDPA National Fisheries and Aquaculture Development Agency ARPCE Post and Electronic Communications Regulatory Authority AVATT African vaccine acquisition task team BADEA Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa BDEAC Development Bank of Central African States BEAC Bank of Central African States BEPC Certificate of first cycle studies BGFI International French Gabonese Bank ILO International Labor Office WB World Bank BSCA Sino-Congolese Bank for Africa BTA Equivalent treasury bond BTP Buildings and public works ACDEG African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance CAFI Central African forest investment MTBF Medium Term Budget Framework MACF Macroeconomic and Budgetary Framework Committee CDMT Medium-term expenditure framework Congo Power Station CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa CFCO Congo Ocean Railway CLAC Reading and cultural activity centres NEC National Evaluation Council CNEEPIP National Centre for the Study and Evaluation of Public Investment Projects CNIAF Centre national d'inventaire et d'aménagement des ressources forestières et fauniques UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development COPASOL Congolaise des panneaux solaires COPIL Steering Committee CP Payment credits CPIA Country Policy Institutionnal Assessment CSD Strategic Development Framework TC Technical coordination CVM Global Value Chain CVPFLN Centre de valorisation des Produits forestiers non ligneux DEP Directorate of Studies and Planning DEPE Directorate of Economic Studies and Forecasts DESP Director of Studies and Project Synthesis DGE Directorate General for the Economy DGIFN Directorate General of National Financial Institutions DGPD Directorate General for Planning and Development DSAE Directorate of Economic Synthesis and Analysis DSPD Directorate of Development Strategies and Policies DSSI Debt Service Suspension Initiative E²C Electricity of the Congo ECOM Congolese Household Survey EDSC Congo Demographic and Health SurveyEHCVM Harmonised survey of household living conditions ESISC Survey of seroprevalence and indicators of AIDS in Congo ETVA Survey on the transition to working life FAGR Support fund for income-generating activities FAH Fisheries Development Fund FCFA Franc de la coopération financière en Afrique centrale FEC Extended Credit Facility Global Environment Facility CIF Climate Investment Fund IMF International Monetary Fund FONDECO Congo Foundry FSA Fonds de soutien à l'agriculture GIE Groupement d'intérêt économique GNL Liquefied natural gas FDI Foreign direct investment HDI Human development index IIAG Ibrahim index of African governance INS National Institute of Statistics IPM Multidimensional poverty index LCB The Congolese of Banks MAEP Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries MEC Extended Credit Facility MEF Ministry of Forest Economy MEFB Ministry of Economy, Finance and Budget MEPSA Ministry of Primary, Secondary and Literacy Education MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MSP Ministry of Health and Population MTN Mobil Telephone Networks MZESDE Ministry of Special Economic Zones and Economic Diversification MDG Sustainable Development Goal OHADA Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa ILO International Labour Organisation WTO World Tourism Organisation NGO Non-Governmental Organisation OPEC Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries ORA Observe-Reflect-Act OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ORA Observe-reflect-act OTA Obligation assimilable du trésor PAP Priority Action Programme PARSA Projet de Relance du Secteur Agricole PASEC Program for the analysis of educational systems of CONFEMEN PCN National Coverage Project PDAC Commercial Agriculture Development Project PLD Local Development Plan GDP Gross Domestic Product PIP Public Investment Programme SME Small and medium enterprises PMI Small and Medium Industries PND National Development Plan UNDP United Nations Development Programme PPAP Programme pluriannuel d'actions prioritaires PPFNC Projet paysage forestier nord Congo PPP Public-Private Partnership HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries PREF- CEMAC Economic and Financial Reform Programme of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa PRODIVAC Project for the integrated development of value chains in Congo ProNAR National Afforestation and Reforestation Programme PTF Technical and financial partner RCA Central African Republic DRC Democratic Republic of Congo REGEC Recensement général des entreprises du Congo RGPH Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat RNDH National Human Development Report SCCF Special Climate Change Fund SIVL Computerised Timber Legality Verification System SNDS National Strategy for the Development of Statistics SNR Service National de Reboisement SNU United Nations System SOCITOUR Congolese Tourism Engineering Company SOPECO Société des postes et de l'épargne du Congo SOPRIM Société de promotion immobilière SPC Société des pavés du Congo SPISA Permanent Integrated System of Agricultural Statistics STP Permanent Technical Secretariat TBS Gross enrolment rate TCER Real effective exchange rate TIC Information and communication technology TOFE Table of State financial operations UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund WDI World development indicators WHO World Heath Organization WIR Word Investment Report ZAP Protected agricultural area SEZ Special Economic Zone ZLECAF African Continental Free Trade Area |
Executive Summary
Foundations
1. The 2022-2026 NDP is based on the tradition of development planning in the Congo and on the President of the Republic's social project, “Together, let us continue the march". This project reflects a vision of the process of building a society that ensures social progress for all, in solidarity and peace, through the creation of conditions for inclusive growth, based on a strong economy.
2. The NDP 2022-2026 is enriched by the solutions advocated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in the African Union (AU) Agenda 2063, and in other programmes, both regional, notably the African Continental Free Trade Area (ACFTA), and sub-regional, the CEMAC economic and financial reform programme (PREF-CEMAC).
3. The NDP 2022-2026 is developed on the basis of the following guiding principles: (i) priority to the economy with the development of strategic activities likely to make it strong, diversified and resilient, (ii) translation of the strong, diversified and resilient economy into a social dividend and the strengthening of development infrastructures, (iii) implementation of the NDP focused on the expected results, (iv) ownership of the NDP by the public and private actors involved in its implementation, (v) empowerment of the actors and beneficiaries of the NDP, and (vi) reconciliation of economic growth with the protection of the environment
4. The preparation of the NDP 2022-2026 takes into account the evaluation of the last two NDPs (2012-2016 and 2018-2022) and the recommendations that resulted from it. The evaluation revealed mixed results and lessons were learned. The recommendations relate to both the development and implementation of the NDP 2022-2026.
Background
5. The 2022-2026 NDP is set in a context characterised: at the international level, by the Covid- 19 health crisis which plunged the world economy into a recession (-3.1% growth rate in 2020). In recent months, the world economy has returned to growth, which, according to the IMF's October 2021 projections, should be 5.9% in 2021 and 4.9% in 2022; at the sub-regional level, by the implementation of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa's (PREF- CEMAC) economic and financial reform programme and by second generation programmes supported by the IMF; at national level, by a multidimensional economic, financial and health crisis. The 2022-2026 NDP, the medium-term economic and financial programme (2022-2024) supported by the IMF and development partners, and the response plan against COVID-19, are elements of the response to this crisis. At the same time, several favourable elements have come together. These include: (i) the viability of Congo's debt restored, (ii) the rise in oil prices, (iii) the political stability, the climate of peace and security that followed the end of the rebellion in the Pool department.
Socio-economic diagnosis
Social Status
6. The NDP 2022-2026 is based on a diagnostic analysis of the country's recent social and economic situation.
7. According to the International Labour Office, in 2020 unemployment affected 10.3% of the total active population, compared with 9.6% in 2019. Unemployment is increasingly affecting young people between 15 and 24 years of age, who are generally the first-time job seekers. The unemployment rate in this age group was estimated at 21.6%, compared with 6.7% for the over- 25s in 2019. The poverty rate in Congo according to the World Bank was 52.5% in 2020.
8. Based on WHO (World Health Organisation) statistics, the infant mortality rate today is 34.9‰. It is 47.8 deaths per 1000 live births for children under 5 years of age. It is declining, after peaking at 114 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000.
9. The Congo's education system is characterised by gross enrolment ratios (GERs) that exceed 100% (106.1% in primary education in 2019-2020). However, primary education shows poor performance in terms of learning achievement: 66.6% of pupils do not reach the “sufficient” threshold in mathematics and 21% do not reach it in French.
10. Access to basic social services remains a concern. In 2019, only 48.3% of the population had access to electricity and 68% to drinking water. A quarter of the population has a modern private toilet. The rest use precarious sanitation facilities.
Economic and financial situation
11. Economic activity contracted in 2020, with GDP growth estimated at -6.2%, mainly due to the impacts of Covid-19 and the collapse of world oil prices. The agricultural sector grew slowly and more slowly than expected. It averaged 1.6% annually between 2018 and 2020. The industrial sector recorded a decline in activity of -3.5% in 2020. Tourism recorded an annual average growth of -4.4% over the period 2018-2020.
12. Government revenues, dominated by oil revenues, fell sharply following the collapse of oil prices from mid-2014. They fell from 37.5% of GDP in 2014 to 12.3% of GDP in 2020. Oil revenues, even though they have fallen sharply in nominal terms (2 456.0 billion in 2014 compared with 651.0 billion in 2020), still account for an annual average of 57.1% of total state revenues over the period 2014-2019.
13. The debt ratio increased significantly after the completion point of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative in 2010, from 42.3% of GDP in 2014 to 104.1% of GDP in 2020. This increase is, in the first place, the result of a drastic fall in GDP, which has led to an increase in the debt-to-GDP ratio. At the same time, the rapid expansion of public investment in infrastructure, as well as the external borrowing associated with the financing of this investment, has contributed to an increase in the level of indebtedness.
14. According to the IMF staff mission, as of September 2021, debt sustainability has been restored. Significant vulnerabilities remain, given the risks of illiquidity (defaults) and low resilience to adverse global oil price shocks. Public debt is expected to decline to 83.3% of GDP by end-2021.
15. Before the Covid-19 pandemic, the current account balance as a percentage of GDP was already in deficit (-39.0% in 2015 and -50.3% in 2016). The external current account as a percentage of GDP was balanced in 2020, thanks to favourable developments in the oil sector and the compression of imports linked to weak growth and the sharp reduction in public and private investment.
Challenges ahead
16. The diagnostic analysis of the socio-economic situation shows that the Congo still faces many challenges.
On the economic front, these include (i) better withstand fluctuations in commodity prices (particularly oil), (ii) create the conditions for sustainable and inclusive growth, (iii) improve the business climate in order to stimulate private investment and attract foreign direct investment (FDI), (iv) develop basic infrastructure (energy, communications, telecommunications, …) for the competitiveness of the Congolese economy, (v) join the trajectory of irreversible sustainable development for good.
On the social level:
In education: (i) strengthen the quality, capacities and efficiency of the system, (ii) manage human resources rationally and efficiently in all their components (recruitment, assignments, continuous training, careers, etc.).
In the area of health (i) develop the health system, (ii) strengthen human capacities, (iii) manage the system efficiently, (iv) improve access to health services.
In the area of electricity, water and sanitation (i) strengthen the production, transport and distribution capacities of water and electricity and (ii) improve access to water and electricity in peri-urban and rural areas, (iii) continue sanitation work in all the country's towns.
Strategic orientation
17. The NDP 2022-2026 is based on a new approach to development that is pragmatic and therefore non-ideological. It is based on an analysis of the country's (economic and social) situation and the need to provide concrete, relevant and appropriate responses. Based on the observation that the Congo is an underdeveloped country, its national development plan has the following fundamental choices:
Building foundations for irreversible sustainable development.
Focus the NDP's actions on the economy to make it stronger, and thus give the State more consistent means of action to meet the main national challenges.
Give priority to the development of economic activities within our reach, which are major creators of added value and jobs.
Attract private capital and encourage its deployment in the various sectors of the national economy, mainly in the priority activities of the NDP.
Rely on the private sector in general for the financing and implementation, alongside the State, on programs and projects set out in by the NDP.
Ensure a good redistribution of national wealth through, in specifically in the development of human capital and basic social services.
Overall objective
18. The NDP 2022-2026 aims to build a strong, diversified and resilient economy. To achieve this, it relies on growth-generating activities such as agriculture in the broad sense, industry, special economic zones, tourism, the digital economy and real estate. The overall objective of this NDP underpins another objective which is to consolidate the social dividend and strengthen the basic infrastructure for development.
Strategic pillars of the NDP
19. The NDP 2022-2026 is structured around six strategic pillars: (i) development of agriculture in the broad sense, (ii) development of industry, (iii) development of special economic zones (SEZs), (iv) development of tourism, (v) development of the digital economy, (vi) real estate promotion.
Areas of support
20. In order to ensure the proper implementation of the NDP 2022-2026, a support system is needed. This mainly concerns: (i) the preservation of peace, security and political stability, (ii) the practice of good governance, (iii) the attraction of private investment and (iv) the protection of the environment.
Social dividend and strengthening of basic infrastructure
21. The implementation of the six strategic pillars of the NDP mentioned above should enable the state to have the necessary resources for the development of education, health, social protection and basic social services infrastructure. The impact of this involvement is based on a correlation between the expected effects on the social dividend and the actual achievement of the targets for each Sustainable Development Goal (SDG).
Macroeconomic and social impacts
22. Over the period 2022-2026, Congo would record an average growth rate of 4.6%. Real GDP growth would rise from 2.5% in 2022 to 4.0% in 2026, with a peak of 8.4% in 2024, in relation to the increase in oil production.
23. Real non-oil GDP would evolve at a sustained and continuous pace, of greater magnitude. Growth would range from 3.5% in 2022 to 10.7% in 2026, or an average annual growth rate of 7.0%.
24. The total investment rate would rise from 19.9% of GDP in 2022 to 37.6% in 2026. Private investment would be the main driver of growth over this period.
25. The implementation of the NDP should result in a reduction in unemployment from 11.4% in 2022 to 6.5% in 2026. In 2026, the poverty rate would be 38.1%, down 14 percentage points from its 2022 level, estimated at 51.9% by the World Bank.
Risks
26. Five groups of risk factors are identified: (i) risks related to the international economic situation, (ii) national economic and financial risks, (iii) global and national health risks, (iv) environmental and climatic risks, and (v) risks related to the weak adhesion of actors. All these factors are likely to compromise the proper implementation of the NDP, if they evolve in a negative way.
NDP funding
27. The overall projected cost of implementing the NDP is eight thousand nine hundred and sixty-two billion five hundred and ninety-four million (8,962,594,000,000) CFA francs, i.e. an average annual cost of one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two billion five hundred and nineteen million eight hundred thousand (1,792,518.8) CFA francs. The share devoted to investment expenditure is eight thousand nine hundred and thirty-five billion one hundred and eighteen million (8 935 118 000 000) CFA francs. Expenditure related to the operationalisation of the NDP (communication, resource mobilisation, production of statistics and monitoring- evaluation) represents 0.31% of the total cost, i.e. twenty-seven billion four hundred and seventy-six million (27,476,000,000) CFA francs.
28. The amount of financing acquired for the NDP is 2,471 billion CFA francs, representing 27.57% of the total cost. The financing gap amounts to 6,491.59 billion CFA francs, or 72.43% of the overall cost.
29. It will be appropriate to mobilise more oil revenues, which are an important lever for financing economic diversification. Better mobilisation and allocation of these resources should benefit the 2022-2026 NDP projects.
Monitoring and evaluation
30. The monitoring and evaluation of the NDP will focus on: (i) the monitoring of the programmes and projects selected and (ii) the evaluation of the performance of the implementation of these programmes and projects.
31. The monitoring-evaluation mechanism will include, on the one hand, the strategic steering and validation bodies and, on the other hand, the bodies responsible for coordinating links between the various development actors.
32. The strategic steering and validation bodies are (i) the Steering Committee (COPIL), (ii) the Economic and Social Policy Task Force, (iii) the Technical Coordination (TC), (iv) the Permanent Technical Secretariat (PTS), (v) the Operational Units and (vi) the Departmental Antennas. The advisory partners support the monitoring and evaluation strategy by providing technical and financial assistance for its operationalisation.
33. The monitoring and evaluation framework of the NDP 2022-2026 is based on the principles of results-based management (RBM). Each level of results in the plan is supported by key performance indicators that track progress in achieving the results.
