Abstract
IRAQ
Title page
IRAQ
STAFF REPORT FOR THE 2022 ARTICLE IV CONSULTATION—INFORMATIONAL ANNEX
January 9, 2023
Prepared By
Middle East and Central Asia Department
(In consultation with other departments)
Contents
FUND RELATIONS
RELATIONS WITH THE WORLD BANK GROUP
STATISTICAL ISSUES
Fund Relations
(As of November 30, 2022)
Membership Status: Joined December 27, 1945; Article XIV
General Resources Account
| SDR Million | Percent of Quota | |
|---|---|---|
| Quota | 1,663.80 | 100.00 |
| Fund Holdings of Currency | 1,373.86 | 82.57 |
| Reserve Tranche Position | 289.95 | 17.43 |
| SDR Million | Percent of Quota | |
|---|---|---|
| Quota | 1,663.80 | 100.00 |
| Fund Holdings of Currency | 1,373.86 | 82.57 |
| Reserve Tranche Position | 289.95 | 17.43 |
SDR Department
| SDR Million | Percent of Allocation | |
|---|---|---|
| Net Cumulative Allocation | 2,729.17 | 100.00 |
| Holdings | 13.01 | 0.48 |
| SDR Million | Percent of Allocation | |
|---|---|---|
| Net Cumulative Allocation | 2,729.17 | 100.00 |
| Holdings | 13.01 | 0.48 |
Outstanding Purchases and Loans: None
Latest Financial Arrangements
| Type | Date of Arrangement | Expiration Date | Amount Approved (SDR Million) | Amount Drawn (SDR Million) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stand-By | Jul 07, 2016 | Jul 06, 2019 | 3,831.00 | 1,494.20 |
| Stand-By | Feb 24, 2010 | Feb 23, 2013 | 2,376.80 | 1,069.56 |
| Stand-By | Dec 19, 2007 | Mar 18, 2009 | 475.36 | 0.00 |
| Type | Date of Arrangement | Expiration Date | Amount Approved (SDR Million) | Amount Drawn (SDR Million) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stand-By | Jul 07, 2016 | Jul 06, 2019 | 3,831.00 | 1,494.20 |
| Stand-By | Feb 24, 2010 | Feb 23, 2013 | 2,376.80 | 1,069.56 |
| Stand-By | Dec 19, 2007 | Mar 18, 2009 | 475.36 | 0.00 |
Overdue Obligations and Projected Payment to the Fund
(SDR Million; based on existing use of resources and present holdings of SDRs)1
| Forthcoming | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | |
| Principal | |||||
| Charges/Interest | 74.85 | 75.14 | 75.08 | 75.11 | |
| Total | 74.85 | 75.14 | 75.08 | 75.11 | |
| Forthcoming | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | |
| Principal | |||||
| Charges/Interest | 74.85 | 75.14 | 75.08 | 75.11 | |
| Total | 74.85 | 75.14 | 75.08 | 75.11 | |
Implementation of HIPC Initiative: Not Applicable
Implementation of Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI): Not Applicable
Implementation of Catastrophe Containment and Relief (CCR): Not Applicable
As of February 4, 2015, the Post-Catastrophe Debt Relief Trust has been transformed to the Catastrophe Containment and Relief (CCR) Trust.
Safeguards Assessments
The most recent safeguards assessment of the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) was completed in April 2016. It concluded that the CBI continues to face capacity constraints in its operations, as well as a difficult security situation on the ground. In line with the IMF safeguards assessment’s recommendations the Governing Council of the CBI approved a new charter for the Audit Committee prohibiting CBI executive representation on the committee. Also, the Parliament has approved amendments to the Law on the Central Bank of Iraq to strengthen CBI governance and the internal control framework. However, progress in strengthening the capacity of internal audit and financial reporting has been slow.
Exchange Arrangement
Iraq’s de jure and de facto exchange rate arrangements are classified as a conventional peg arrangement. The Central Bank Law gives the Board of the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) the authority to formulate exchange rate policy. Effective December 20, 2020, the official exchange rate was set at ID 1,460 per U.S. dollar including the Central Bank commission (ID 1,450 plus ID 10 (fees)) according to the closing prices of the daily bulletin of gold & main currencies published on the CBI website (www.cbi.iq). Previously, on May 24, 2018, the official exchange rate was set at ID 1,190 per U.S. dollar including the Central Bank commission (ID 1,182 plus ID 8 (fees)).
The CBI provides foreign exchange at the official exchange rate for permissible transactions through its daily auctions (allocations), establishing a peg. However, because certain transactions are excluded from access to the CBI auctions, many transactions take place at parallel market exchange rates. The CBI publishes the daily volume of the auction allocation on its website.
There have been no changes to Iraq’s exchange system since the last Article IV Consultation. Iraq continues to avail itself of the transitional arrangements under Article XIV, Section 2 but no longer maintains any exchange restrictions or multiple currency practices subject to Article XIV, Section 2, and currently maintains one multiple currency practice (MCP) subject to Fund approval under Article VIII, Section 3.
The MCP arises from the lack of a mechanism to ensure that the exchange rate at the CBI foreign exchange window and the market rates (retail exchange rates of commercial banks and exchange bureaus for the sale of foreign currency from sources other than the CBI foreign exchange window) do not deviate from each other by more than 2 percent.
Article IV Consultation
The last Article IV consultation was concluded on February 8, 2021. The staff report (IMF Country Report No. 21/38) was published on February 11, 2021, and is available on the internet.
Resident Representative
Mr. Gazi Shbaikat has been the Resident Representative for Iraq, based in Amman, since January 2021.
Iraq: Technical Assistance, 2015–22
Iraq: Technical Assistance, 2015–22
| Department | Date | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| FAD | June 2015 | Status of public financial management reforms (METAC) |
| November 2015 | Public financial management law, budget execution, and program-based budgeting | |
| March 2016 | Public financial management law | |
| August 2016 | Implementing a commitment controls system (METAC) | |
| February 2017 | Revenue administration: tax policy | |
| February 2017 | PFM: commitment controls, cash management, treasury single account (METAC) | |
| March 2017 | Advice on a modern LTO/Tax administration | |
| July 2017 | Seminar on commitment control system | |
| January 2018 | Assist in the development of an IT System | |
| February 2018 | Commitment controls, cash management and TSA (FAD-METAC) | |
| March 2018 | Improved integration of asset and liability management framework | |
| April 2018 | Follow-up on establishment and functioning of large taxpayer office | |
| July 2018 | Follow-up on Treasury Single Account and Cash Flow Management Unit (METAC) | |
| July 2018 | Budget classification and chart of accounts (METAC) | |
| August 2018 | Implementation plan for new sales taxes (METAC) | |
| March 2019 | Budget classification and chart of accounts (METAC) | |
| June 2019 | Managing guarantees and extra-budgetary funds (METAC) | |
| December 2020 | Operationalizing the guarantee framework (METAC) | |
| April 2021 | Customs valuation, rules of origin and tariff classification of goods (METAC) | |
| August 2021 | Audit and verification for Large Taxpayers Department (METAC) | |
| September 2021 | Expenditure control (METAC) | |
| November 2021 | Cash forecasting (METAC) | |
| December 2021 | Audit and verification for industry sectors in Large Taxpayers Department (METAC) | |
| February 2022 | Program and performance budgeting (METAC) | |
| April 2022 | Annual cash forecasting (METAC) | |
| August 2022 | Modernizing the organizational structure of HQ and regional offices (METAC) | |
| LEG | May 2015 | Desk review of the draft AML/CFT Law |
| June 2015 | Article VIII acceptance | |
| September 2015 | Desk review of the draft AML/CFT Law | |
| January 2016 | Anti-money laundering activities | |
| March 2016 | Cross-border financial flows | |
| June 2016 | AML/CFT: Review of the framework to implement targeted financial sanctions | |
| December 2016 | UNODC seminar on Strengthening the Legal Regime Against Terrorism in Iraq | |
| December 2016 | Program TA in Central Bank Law | |
| December 2017 | Review of AML/CFT law and integration of internal comments | |
| January 2018 | Review of the “AML/CFT Regulations for Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones” | |
| January 2018 | Review of the “Process for Implementing Targeted Financial Sanctions" | |
| June 2019 | Guarantees and extra-budgetary funds management | |
| MCM | May 2015 | Asset management |
| November 2015 | Banking supervision (METAC) | |
| November 2015 | Prudential regulations: review and assessment (METAC) | |
| March 2016 | Seminar on foreign exchange regimes and controls (Joint LEG/MCM) | |
| September 2016 | Reserve management workshop | |
| November 2016 | Regulations on capital adequacy and liquidity (METAC) | |
| March 2017 | Regulations on credit risk (METAC) | |
| March 2017 | Banking supervision: upgrade CBI prudential regulations (METAC) | |
| April 2017 | Banking supervision (METAC) | |
| June 2017 | Improving regulatory framework (METAC) | |
| February 2018 | Improving regulatory framework—follow-up (METAC) | |
| September 2018 | Regulatory framework of internal audit (METAC) | |
| November 2018 | Training on dealing with weak banks (METAC) | |
| November 2018 | Forecasting and Policy Analysis System (FPAS) | |
| September 2019 | Implementation of Basel III (METAC) | |
| January 2020 | Basel II & III capital adequacy requirements (METAC) | |
| June 2020 | Basel II & III capital adequacy requirements (METAC) | |
| July 2021 | Risk Management Regulation | |
| October 2021 | Regulation and Supervision of E-Money Institutions | |
| March 2022 | Regulation and Supervision | |
| August 2022 | Capital Framework for Islamic Banks | |
| STA | March 2015 | Government finance statistics (ArabStat) |
| May 2015 | Government finance statistics | |
| November 2015 | Consumer price index (METAC) | |
| January 2016 | National accounts statistics (METAC) | |
| March 2016 | Government finance statistics | |
| March 2016 | External sector statistics | |
| April 2016 | Financial stability indicators | |
| January 2017 | National accounts (METAC) | |
| January 2017 | External sector statistics (METAC) | |
| February 2017 | Price statistics (METAC) | |
| August 2017 | National accounts (METAC) | |
| April 2018 | External sector statistics (METAC) | |
| August 2018 | National accounts (METAC) | |
| October 2018 | Price statistics (METAC-EDDI2) | |
| December 2018 | Government finance statistics | |
| December 2018 | FSI: Financial soundness indicators | |
| July 2019 | Consumer price index and producer price index (METAC) | |
| September 2019 | External sector statistics (METAC) | |
| February 2020 | FSI: Financial soundness indicators | |
| February 2020 | National accounts (METAC) | |
| July 2020 | Producer price index (METAC) | |
| September 2020 | Consumer price index and producer price index | |
| October 2020 | National accounts (METAC) | |
| December 2020 | Producer price index | |
| June 2021 | Improvement of annual national accounts | |
| December 2021 | External sector statistics | |
| December 2021 | Government finance statistics | |
| February 2022 | Supply and use tables | |
| June 2022 | Producer Price Index and Residential Property Price Index | |
| October 2022 | Consumer Price Index (METAC) | |
| ICD | March 2022 | Macroeconomic Frameworks |
| November 2022 |
Iraq: Technical Assistance, 2015–22
| Department | Date | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| FAD | June 2015 | Status of public financial management reforms (METAC) |
| November 2015 | Public financial management law, budget execution, and program-based budgeting | |
| March 2016 | Public financial management law | |
| August 2016 | Implementing a commitment controls system (METAC) | |
| February 2017 | Revenue administration: tax policy | |
| February 2017 | PFM: commitment controls, cash management, treasury single account (METAC) | |
| March 2017 | Advice on a modern LTO/Tax administration | |
| July 2017 | Seminar on commitment control system | |
| January 2018 | Assist in the development of an IT System | |
| February 2018 | Commitment controls, cash management and TSA (FAD-METAC) | |
| March 2018 | Improved integration of asset and liability management framework | |
| April 2018 | Follow-up on establishment and functioning of large taxpayer office | |
| July 2018 | Follow-up on Treasury Single Account and Cash Flow Management Unit (METAC) | |
| July 2018 | Budget classification and chart of accounts (METAC) | |
| August 2018 | Implementation plan for new sales taxes (METAC) | |
| March 2019 | Budget classification and chart of accounts (METAC) | |
| June 2019 | Managing guarantees and extra-budgetary funds (METAC) | |
| December 2020 | Operationalizing the guarantee framework (METAC) | |
| April 2021 | Customs valuation, rules of origin and tariff classification of goods (METAC) | |
| August 2021 | Audit and verification for Large Taxpayers Department (METAC) | |
| September 2021 | Expenditure control (METAC) | |
| November 2021 | Cash forecasting (METAC) | |
| December 2021 | Audit and verification for industry sectors in Large Taxpayers Department (METAC) | |
| February 2022 | Program and performance budgeting (METAC) | |
| April 2022 | Annual cash forecasting (METAC) | |
| August 2022 | Modernizing the organizational structure of HQ and regional offices (METAC) | |
| LEG | May 2015 | Desk review of the draft AML/CFT Law |
| June 2015 | Article VIII acceptance | |
| September 2015 | Desk review of the draft AML/CFT Law | |
| January 2016 | Anti-money laundering activities | |
| March 2016 | Cross-border financial flows | |
| June 2016 | AML/CFT: Review of the framework to implement targeted financial sanctions | |
| December 2016 | UNODC seminar on Strengthening the Legal Regime Against Terrorism in Iraq | |
| December 2016 | Program TA in Central Bank Law | |
| December 2017 | Review of AML/CFT law and integration of internal comments | |
| January 2018 | Review of the “AML/CFT Regulations for Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones” | |
| January 2018 | Review of the “Process for Implementing Targeted Financial Sanctions" | |
| June 2019 | Guarantees and extra-budgetary funds management | |
| MCM | May 2015 | Asset management |
| November 2015 | Banking supervision (METAC) | |
| November 2015 | Prudential regulations: review and assessment (METAC) | |
| March 2016 | Seminar on foreign exchange regimes and controls (Joint LEG/MCM) | |
| September 2016 | Reserve management workshop | |
| November 2016 | Regulations on capital adequacy and liquidity (METAC) | |
| March 2017 | Regulations on credit risk (METAC) | |
| March 2017 | Banking supervision: upgrade CBI prudential regulations (METAC) | |
| April 2017 | Banking supervision (METAC) | |
| June 2017 | Improving regulatory framework (METAC) | |
| February 2018 | Improving regulatory framework—follow-up (METAC) | |
| September 2018 | Regulatory framework of internal audit (METAC) | |
| November 2018 | Training on dealing with weak banks (METAC) | |
| November 2018 | Forecasting and Policy Analysis System (FPAS) | |
| September 2019 | Implementation of Basel III (METAC) | |
| January 2020 | Basel II & III capital adequacy requirements (METAC) | |
| June 2020 | Basel II & III capital adequacy requirements (METAC) | |
| July 2021 | Risk Management Regulation | |
| October 2021 | Regulation and Supervision of E-Money Institutions | |
| March 2022 | Regulation and Supervision | |
| August 2022 | Capital Framework for Islamic Banks | |
| STA | March 2015 | Government finance statistics (ArabStat) |
| May 2015 | Government finance statistics | |
| November 2015 | Consumer price index (METAC) | |
| January 2016 | National accounts statistics (METAC) | |
| March 2016 | Government finance statistics | |
| March 2016 | External sector statistics | |
| April 2016 | Financial stability indicators | |
| January 2017 | National accounts (METAC) | |
| January 2017 | External sector statistics (METAC) | |
| February 2017 | Price statistics (METAC) | |
| August 2017 | National accounts (METAC) | |
| April 2018 | External sector statistics (METAC) | |
| August 2018 | National accounts (METAC) | |
| October 2018 | Price statistics (METAC-EDDI2) | |
| December 2018 | Government finance statistics | |
| December 2018 | FSI: Financial soundness indicators | |
| July 2019 | Consumer price index and producer price index (METAC) | |
| September 2019 | External sector statistics (METAC) | |
| February 2020 | FSI: Financial soundness indicators | |
| February 2020 | National accounts (METAC) | |
| July 2020 | Producer price index (METAC) | |
| September 2020 | Consumer price index and producer price index | |
| October 2020 | National accounts (METAC) | |
| December 2020 | Producer price index | |
| June 2021 | Improvement of annual national accounts | |
| December 2021 | External sector statistics | |
| December 2021 | Government finance statistics | |
| February 2022 | Supply and use tables | |
| June 2022 | Producer Price Index and Residential Property Price Index | |
| October 2022 | Consumer Price Index (METAC) | |
| ICD | March 2022 | Macroeconomic Frameworks |
| November 2022 |
Relations with the World Bank Group
(As of December 14, 2022)
The activities of the World Bank Group in Iraq can be found at:
World Bank: http://projects.worldbank.org/search?lang=en&searchTerm=&countrycode_exact=IQ
Statistical Issues
(As of December 14, 2022)
| I. Assessment of Data Adequacy for Surveillance |
| General Data provision to the Fund has serious shortcomings that significantly hamper surveillance. Data availability also continues to impair policymaking in Iraq. The Central Statistics Organization (CSO) lacks adequate technical expertise and resources to address the requirements for a modern statistical system. Both the CSO and the CBI face challenges with interagency data sharing as well as issues surrounding data collection responsibilities. |
| National Accounts The CSO compiles annual and quarterly GDP by production at current and constant (2007) prices and annual GDP by expenditure in current prices. Quarterly national accounts are available from 2018Q2 to 2021Q2. The national accounts mainly follow the 1968 System of National Accounts (SNA). The lack of regular, reliable and comprehensive source data for some industries and for GDP by expenditure undermine the quality of the national accounts. Volume estimates of GDP suffer from shortcomings, and delays in source data affect the timeliness of the annual estimates. Reduced regional coverage of source data due to the conflicts in four provinces has also further weakened the GDP measures. Ongoing TA from METAC is helping the CSO to introduce a new base/benchmark year, to develop a set of supply and use tables, and to improve the compilation methodology and coverage of GDP based on the 2008 SNA guidelines. Access to administrative data would significantly enhance the coverage and timeliness of the national accounts estimates, but this would require strong ministerial support and proactive collaboration with other government institutions. |
| Price Statistics The CSO compiles and disseminates a monthly CPI for all-Iraq (including Kurdistan) and for each governorate. However, the CPI covers only the urban areas in all governorates. CPI weights are currently from the 2012 Household Social and Economic Survey (HSES). These weights are now outdated, but collection of a new HSES has been delayed. A 2022 METAC mission advised the authorities to evaluate household expenditure data from the supply and use table as a potential source for updating higher level weights. The CSO recently updated the quarterly PPI weights to 2018 with support from the METAC. Work to develop a Residential Property Price Index has also started. |
| Government Finance Statistics The difficult security situation has a direct impact on data compilation and analysis. Infrequent submission and delays occur, and coverage of Kurdistan remains sketchy. However, the authorities are taking measures to address these shortcomings. STA Government Finance Statistics (GFS) TA missions have proposed a work plan aimed at improving the frequency and timeliness of fiscal reporting data and setting a migration plan to produce fiscal statistics based on the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014. Iraq has resumed reporting GFS for publication in the IMF GFS database, but shortcomings exist in classification of revenue, mainly related to oil revenues, and in expenditure as data by functions of the government are not reported. Reporting of stock and transactions in assets and liabilities, especially related to currency and deposits and external debt are also limited. |
| Monetary and Financial Statistics The CBI reports monetary statistics for the central bank and other depository corporations for publication in the IMF’s International Financial Statistics, using the standardized report forms (SRFs). However, the timeliness of the SRFs could be improved as the latest submitted data refer to 2022Q1. . Iraq reports data on several series and indicators of the Financial Access Survey, including mobile and internet banking, mobile money, and the two indicators adopted by the UN to monitor Target 8.10 of the Sustainable Development Goals. Iraq doesn’t report gender disaggregated data. |
| Financial Sector Surveillance The CBI report the FSIs and 7 of the 13 additional FSIs for deposit takers with quarterly frequency for dissemination in the IMF’s website. However, the timeliness of the data is hampered by the quality of data sources as the latest data disseminated refer to 2021Q3. |
| External Sector Statistics Balance of Payments and IIP Statistics The CBI compiles and reports annual as well as quarterly balance of payments data in the format of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual, sixth edition to the IMF. The CBI also compiles and disseminates an annual international investment position (IIP) statement. However, the IIP dissemination was suspended starting in 2016 due to capacity constraints and the latest data refers to 2014. The latest TA mission on external sector statistics was conducted in December 2021. Despite some progress in reducing net errors and omissions (NEOs), they remain high and persistently negative, suggesting capital flight. STA will continue assisting the CBI in improving data reliability by addressing the most probable sources of the large NEOs, including the recording of oil sector transactions, cross-border trade with Kurdistan, arrears, and in-kind payments for external borrowing. International reserves are compiled consistent with international methodologies and published in the IFS since end-2006. External Trade Statistics External trade data has serious timeliness and quality shortcomings, due to the absence of reliable customs data. A new customs form for imports is available but is not being used at the customs border due to the security situation and the lack of resources at the border outlets. The Automated System for Customs Data (AYSCUDA) is being implemented, but the pace remains slow. The compilation of external trade statistics has been hampered by a lack of inter-institutional coordination among key data providers. Coverage of private sector imports is constrained by a lack of data sources. Only goods that are paid for through the Iraqi banking system are captured. Thus, goods that are imported under external payments arrangements (for example, imports for direct investment projects by international oil companies) are not recorded in the balance of payments. The coverage of the external trade statistics excludes Kurdistan, and no estimates for smuggling are made. Export data from the oil sector are received from the Balance of Payments Statistics Division at the CBI. The data on non-oil exports, which amount to the equivalent of 3–5 percent of total exports, are derived from information on the customs export form. Non-oil export data are provided to the CBI monthly for crosschecking purposes. Transactions related to oil exploration, extraction, and development payments to international oil companies have recently been included in the balance of payments. |
| II. Data Standards and Quality |
| Iraq has been participating in e-GDDS since 2009 but has not yet launched a National Summary Data Page for the dissemination of key macroeconomic statistics. The metadata for key macroeconomic indicators, some of which have been updated in early 2016, are available on the country page on the IMF’s Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board website. |
| I. Assessment of Data Adequacy for Surveillance |
| General Data provision to the Fund has serious shortcomings that significantly hamper surveillance. Data availability also continues to impair policymaking in Iraq. The Central Statistics Organization (CSO) lacks adequate technical expertise and resources to address the requirements for a modern statistical system. Both the CSO and the CBI face challenges with interagency data sharing as well as issues surrounding data collection responsibilities. |
| National Accounts The CSO compiles annual and quarterly GDP by production at current and constant (2007) prices and annual GDP by expenditure in current prices. Quarterly national accounts are available from 2018Q2 to 2021Q2. The national accounts mainly follow the 1968 System of National Accounts (SNA). The lack of regular, reliable and comprehensive source data for some industries and for GDP by expenditure undermine the quality of the national accounts. Volume estimates of GDP suffer from shortcomings, and delays in source data affect the timeliness of the annual estimates. Reduced regional coverage of source data due to the conflicts in four provinces has also further weakened the GDP measures. Ongoing TA from METAC is helping the CSO to introduce a new base/benchmark year, to develop a set of supply and use tables, and to improve the compilation methodology and coverage of GDP based on the 2008 SNA guidelines. Access to administrative data would significantly enhance the coverage and timeliness of the national accounts estimates, but this would require strong ministerial support and proactive collaboration with other government institutions. |
| Price Statistics The CSO compiles and disseminates a monthly CPI for all-Iraq (including Kurdistan) and for each governorate. However, the CPI covers only the urban areas in all governorates. CPI weights are currently from the 2012 Household Social and Economic Survey (HSES). These weights are now outdated, but collection of a new HSES has been delayed. A 2022 METAC mission advised the authorities to evaluate household expenditure data from the supply and use table as a potential source for updating higher level weights. The CSO recently updated the quarterly PPI weights to 2018 with support from the METAC. Work to develop a Residential Property Price Index has also started. |
| Government Finance Statistics The difficult security situation has a direct impact on data compilation and analysis. Infrequent submission and delays occur, and coverage of Kurdistan remains sketchy. However, the authorities are taking measures to address these shortcomings. STA Government Finance Statistics (GFS) TA missions have proposed a work plan aimed at improving the frequency and timeliness of fiscal reporting data and setting a migration plan to produce fiscal statistics based on the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014. Iraq has resumed reporting GFS for publication in the IMF GFS database, but shortcomings exist in classification of revenue, mainly related to oil revenues, and in expenditure as data by functions of the government are not reported. Reporting of stock and transactions in assets and liabilities, especially related to currency and deposits and external debt are also limited. |
| Monetary and Financial Statistics The CBI reports monetary statistics for the central bank and other depository corporations for publication in the IMF’s International Financial Statistics, using the standardized report forms (SRFs). However, the timeliness of the SRFs could be improved as the latest submitted data refer to 2022Q1. . Iraq reports data on several series and indicators of the Financial Access Survey, including mobile and internet banking, mobile money, and the two indicators adopted by the UN to monitor Target 8.10 of the Sustainable Development Goals. Iraq doesn’t report gender disaggregated data. |
| Financial Sector Surveillance The CBI report the FSIs and 7 of the 13 additional FSIs for deposit takers with quarterly frequency for dissemination in the IMF’s website. However, the timeliness of the data is hampered by the quality of data sources as the latest data disseminated refer to 2021Q3. |
| External Sector Statistics Balance of Payments and IIP Statistics The CBI compiles and reports annual as well as quarterly balance of payments data in the format of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual, sixth edition to the IMF. The CBI also compiles and disseminates an annual international investment position (IIP) statement. However, the IIP dissemination was suspended starting in 2016 due to capacity constraints and the latest data refers to 2014. The latest TA mission on external sector statistics was conducted in December 2021. Despite some progress in reducing net errors and omissions (NEOs), they remain high and persistently negative, suggesting capital flight. STA will continue assisting the CBI in improving data reliability by addressing the most probable sources of the large NEOs, including the recording of oil sector transactions, cross-border trade with Kurdistan, arrears, and in-kind payments for external borrowing. International reserves are compiled consistent with international methodologies and published in the IFS since end-2006. External Trade Statistics External trade data has serious timeliness and quality shortcomings, due to the absence of reliable customs data. A new customs form for imports is available but is not being used at the customs border due to the security situation and the lack of resources at the border outlets. The Automated System for Customs Data (AYSCUDA) is being implemented, but the pace remains slow. The compilation of external trade statistics has been hampered by a lack of inter-institutional coordination among key data providers. Coverage of private sector imports is constrained by a lack of data sources. Only goods that are paid for through the Iraqi banking system are captured. Thus, goods that are imported under external payments arrangements (for example, imports for direct investment projects by international oil companies) are not recorded in the balance of payments. The coverage of the external trade statistics excludes Kurdistan, and no estimates for smuggling are made. Export data from the oil sector are received from the Balance of Payments Statistics Division at the CBI. The data on non-oil exports, which amount to the equivalent of 3–5 percent of total exports, are derived from information on the customs export form. Non-oil export data are provided to the CBI monthly for crosschecking purposes. Transactions related to oil exploration, extraction, and development payments to international oil companies have recently been included in the balance of payments. |
| II. Data Standards and Quality |
| Iraq has been participating in e-GDDS since 2009 but has not yet launched a National Summary Data Page for the dissemination of key macroeconomic statistics. The metadata for key macroeconomic indicators, some of which have been updated in early 2016, are available on the country page on the IMF’s Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board website. |
Iraq: Table of Common Indicators Required for Surveillance
(As of December 14, 2022)
Any reserve assets that are pledged or otherwise encumbered should be specified separately. Also, data should comprise short-term liabilities linked to a foreign currency but settled by other means as well as the notional values of financial derivatives to pay and to receive foreign currency, including those linked to a foreign currency but settled by other means.
Both market-based and officially-determined, including discount rates, money market rates, rates on treasury bills, notes, and bonds.
Foreign, domestic bank, and domestic non-bank financing.
The general government consists of the central government (budgetary funds, extra budgetary funds, and social security funds) and state and local governments. Iraq is currently unable to provide fiscal data for the general government due to non-reporting by the Kurdistan Regional Government.
Including currency and maturity composition.
Includes external gross financial asset and liability positions vis-à-vis nonresidents.
Daily (D); weekly (W); monthly (M); quarterly (Q); annually (A); irregular (I); and not available (NA).
Iraq: Table of Common Indicators Required for Surveillance
(As of December 14, 2022)
| Date of Latest Observation (For all dates in table dd/mm/yy) | Date Received | Frequency of Data7 | Frequency of Reporting7 | Frequency of Publication7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange rates | 13/12/2022 | 14/12/2022 | D | D | D |
| International reserve assets and reserve liabilities of the monetary authorities1 | 09/2022 | 11/2022 | M | M | M, 4–6-week lag |
| Reserve/Base money | 02/2022 | 11/2022 | M | I | I |
| Broad money | 02/2022 | 11/2022 | M | I | I |
| Central bank balance sheet | 02/2022 | 11/2022 | M | I | I |
| Consolidated balance sheet of the banking system | 02/2022 | 11/2022 | M | I | I |
| Interest rates2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Consumer price index | 10/2022 | 12/2022 | M | M | M |
| Revenue, expenditure, balance and composition of financing3—general government4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Revenue, expenditure, balance and composition of financing3—central government | 10/2022 | 12/2022 | M | M | M |
| Stocks of central government and central government-guaranteed debt5 | 2021 | 03/2022 | A | A | N/A |
| External current account balance | Q2/2022 | 09/2022 | Q | Q | Q, |
| Exports and imports of goods and services | Q2/2022 | 09/2022 | Q | Q | Q, |
| GDP/GNP | Q3/2022 | 11/2022 | Q | Q | Q, |
| Gross external debt | 2021 | 03/2022 | A | A | NA |
| International investment position6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Any reserve assets that are pledged or otherwise encumbered should be specified separately. Also, data should comprise short-term liabilities linked to a foreign currency but settled by other means as well as the notional values of financial derivatives to pay and to receive foreign currency, including those linked to a foreign currency but settled by other means.
Both market-based and officially-determined, including discount rates, money market rates, rates on treasury bills, notes, and bonds.
Foreign, domestic bank, and domestic non-bank financing.
The general government consists of the central government (budgetary funds, extra budgetary funds, and social security funds) and state and local governments. Iraq is currently unable to provide fiscal data for the general government due to non-reporting by the Kurdistan Regional Government.
Including currency and maturity composition.
Includes external gross financial asset and liability positions vis-à-vis nonresidents.
Daily (D); weekly (W); monthly (M); quarterly (Q); annually (A); irregular (I); and not available (NA).
Iraq: Table of Common Indicators Required for Surveillance
(As of December 14, 2022)
| Date of Latest Observation (For all dates in table dd/mm/yy) | Date Received | Frequency of Data7 | Frequency of Reporting7 | Frequency of Publication7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange rates | 13/12/2022 | 14/12/2022 | D | D | D |
| International reserve assets and reserve liabilities of the monetary authorities1 | 09/2022 | 11/2022 | M | M | M, 4–6-week lag |
| Reserve/Base money | 02/2022 | 11/2022 | M | I | I |
| Broad money | 02/2022 | 11/2022 | M | I | I |
| Central bank balance sheet | 02/2022 | 11/2022 | M | I | I |
| Consolidated balance sheet of the banking system | 02/2022 | 11/2022 | M | I | I |
| Interest rates2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Consumer price index | 10/2022 | 12/2022 | M | M | M |
| Revenue, expenditure, balance and composition of financing3—general government4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Revenue, expenditure, balance and composition of financing3—central government | 10/2022 | 12/2022 | M | M | M |
| Stocks of central government and central government-guaranteed debt5 | 2021 | 03/2022 | A | A | N/A |
| External current account balance | Q2/2022 | 09/2022 | Q | Q | Q, |
| Exports and imports of goods and services | Q2/2022 | 09/2022 | Q | Q | Q, |
| GDP/GNP | Q3/2022 | 11/2022 | Q | Q | Q, |
| Gross external debt | 2021 | 03/2022 | A | A | NA |
| International investment position6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Any reserve assets that are pledged or otherwise encumbered should be specified separately. Also, data should comprise short-term liabilities linked to a foreign currency but settled by other means as well as the notional values of financial derivatives to pay and to receive foreign currency, including those linked to a foreign currency but settled by other means.
Both market-based and officially-determined, including discount rates, money market rates, rates on treasury bills, notes, and bonds.
Foreign, domestic bank, and domestic non-bank financing.
The general government consists of the central government (budgetary funds, extra budgetary funds, and social security funds) and state and local governments. Iraq is currently unable to provide fiscal data for the general government due to non-reporting by the Kurdistan Regional Government.
Including currency and maturity composition.
Includes external gross financial asset and liability positions vis-à-vis nonresidents.
Daily (D); weekly (W); monthly (M); quarterly (Q); annually (A); irregular (I); and not available (NA).
1 When a member has overdue financial obligations outstanding for more than three months, the amount of such arrears will be shown in this section.