Abstract
IMF Country Report No. 21/244
Copyright Page
IMF Country Report No. 21/244
KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS—THE NETHERLANDS
SELECTED ISSUES
November 2021
This paper on the Kingdom of the Netherlands—Netherlands was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund as background documentation for the periodic consultation with the member country. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on October 26, 2021.
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Title Page
KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS—THE NETHERLANDS
SELECTED ISSUES
October 26, 2021
Approved By
Alfredo Cuevas
Prepared by Armand Fouejieu and Koralai Kirabaeva. Yushu Chen provided excellent research assistance.
Contents
THE NETHERLANDS: EDUCATION EXPENDITURE AND OUTCOMES
A. Introduction
B. The State of Education
C. Investing on Education
D. Summary and Policy Implications
FIGURES
1. Enrollment Rates
2. Comparative Position on PISA Test Scores
3. National Test Scores by Income Group and Migration Background – Primary Education
4. Education and Employment
5. Distribution of Employment by Sector and Graduations by Field of Education
6. Expenditure on Education – Cross Country Comparison
7. Expenditure on Education – Trends
8. Assessing Efficiency of Expenditure on Education (1)
9. Assessing Efficiency of Expenditure on Education (2)
10. Teaching Staff
APPENDIX
I. Educational Attainment and Completion Rate
THE DUTCH LABOR MARKET AND RESILIENCE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMICA. Introduction
B. Labor Market Developments During the Pandemic
C. Employment Support Scheme Coverage by Economic Sector
D. Summary and Policy Implications
FIGURES
1. Labor Market Slack
2. Unemployment Disparities Across Different Groups
3. Employment Across Status
4. Employment Protection – Regular vs Temporary Contracts
5. Employment Across Type of Contracts
6. Fiscal Cost of Support Measures and JRS Take Up
7. JRS Take Up and Employment by Sector Activity
8. JRS Take Up, Types of Employment Contracts and Workers’ Skills
APPENDIX
I. Workers’ Characteristics in the Dutch Labor Market
References