Abstract
2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Botswana
Relations with the Fund
As of November 30, 2019
Membership Status: Joined July 24, 1968; Article VIII
| General resources account | SDR (million) | Percent of Quota |
|---|---|---|
| Quota | 197.20 | 100.0 |
| Fund holdings of currency | 157.44 | 79.84 |
| Reserve position in Fund | 39.77 | 20.17 |
| General resources account | SDR (million) | Percent of Quota |
|---|---|---|
| Quota | 197.20 | 100.0 |
| Fund holdings of currency | 157.44 | 79.84 |
| Reserve position in Fund | 39.77 | 20.17 |
| SDR Department | SDR (million) | Percent of Quota |
|---|---|---|
| Net cumulative allocation | 57.43 | 100.0 |
| Holdings | 59.20 | 103.09 |
| SDR Department | SDR (million) | Percent of Quota |
|---|---|---|
| Net cumulative allocation | 57.43 | 100.0 |
| Holdings | 59.20 | 103.09 |
Outstanding Purchases and Loans None
Financial Arrangements None
Project Obligations to Fund None
Implementation of HIPC Initiative Not Applicable
Implementation of Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative Not Applicable
Implementation of Catastrophe Containment and Relief Not Applicable
Exchange Rate Arrangement
The exchange rate of the Botswana Pula is a crawling peg arrangement against a weighted basket of currencies comprising the SDR and the South African Rand. As of January 16, 2020, the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to the Pula was US$1= P10.72, and that of the South African rand to the Pula was R1=P0.74.
As of November 17, 1995, Botswana accepted the obligations of Article VIII, Sections 2, 3, and 4 of the Fund’s Articles of Agreement. The exchange rate regime is free of restrictions and multiple currency practices.
Article IV Consultation
Botswana is on a standard 12-month consultation cycle. The last Article IV consultation was concluded by the Executive Board on August 28, 2018.
IMF Technical Assistance 2018-December 2019
| Department | Dates | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Fiscal Affairs Department | Jan-18 | AFRITAC South: FAD joint Customs and Tax strategy setting mission |
| Mar-18 | AFRITAC South: PFM Skills Audit | |
| May-18 | AFRITAC South: Regional SEM on strengthening the Adm. & Excises (Offsite) | |
| Jun-18 | AFRITAC South Regional PFM Advisor | |
| Aug-18 | AFS Move towards IPSAS: Public Asset Management, COA and IFMIS | |
| Nov-18 | AFS Risk Management and oversight of SOEs | |
| Nov-18 | AFS: Audit capacity of LTU for specialized sectors further strengthened through guidance and training | |
| Feb-19 | AFS: Customs control during the clearance process more effectively ensures accuracy of declarations | |
| Feb-19 | AFS: Customs control during the clearance process more effectively ensures accuracy of declarations | |
| Feb-19 | AFS: Isora Follow up Mission | |
| Apr-19 | AFS PIMA follow up | |
| Apr-19 | AFS PIMA follow up | |
| Apr-19 | AFS Professional attachment program MOFED and MINFIN BWA | |
| May-19 | AFS SOEs and fiscal risks | |
| May-19 | AFS SOEs and fiscal risks | |
| Jun-19 | AFS: To strengthen capacity of the LTU for finance sector audits | |
| Jun-19 | AFS: To strengthen capacity of the LTU to enhance accuracy of reporting by taxpayers | |
| Jul-19 | AFS: Central Verification Unit and advance Rulings | |
| Sep-19 | AFS PIM | |
| Sep-19 | AFS PIM – strategic planning component | |
| Sep-19 | AFS PIM | |
| Nov-19 | AFS Accounting and Fiscal Reporting | |
| Nov-19 | AFS Accounting and fiscal reporting | |
| Legal Department | Jul-18 | TA in Fiscal Law: Follow-up Mission--Income Tax, VAT and Tax Procedures |
| Feb-19 | AML/CFT Diagnostic Scoping Mission | |
| Feb-19 | TA on Fiscal Tax Law: VAT and Income Tax | |
| Apr-19 | TA on Fiscal Tax Law: VAT and Income Tax | |
| May-19 | TA mission to strengthen the AML/CFT framework of the Bank of Botswana and the NBFIRA | |
| Jul-19 | TA in Central Bank Law | |
| Aug-19 | Strengthen AML/CFT Supervisory Frameworks of Bank of Botswana and NBFIRA | |
| Oct-19 | TA in Banking Law | |
| Monetary and Capital Markets Department | Jan-18 | Macroprudential Policy and Financial Stability |
| Mar-18 | AFRITAC South: Implementation of Pillar 2 | |
| Jun-18 | Stress Testing | |
| Jul-18 | TA Needs Assessment: Central Bank Governance | |
| Sep-18 | AFS: BOTSWANA FPAS | |
| Sep-18 | AFS: Botswana FPAS | |
| Nov-18 | AFS: Training and Capacity Building for NPS | |
| Nov-18 | AFS: Training and Capacity Building for NPS | |
| Mar-19 | AFS: Botswana MPIO | |
| Mar-19 | AFS: Botswana MPIO | |
| Apr-19 | AFS: WAH Botswana Offsite FPAS Mission | |
| Sep-19 | AFS: Basel III Implementation | |
| Sep-19 | AFS: Basel III Implementation | |
| Sep-19 | WAH: Botswana Offsite mission | |
| Sep-19 | WAH – AFS: Strengthening the NTF Framework and Implementing an Upgraded Database, Data Process | |
| Oct-19 | AFS: Botswana FPAS (NTF and Database) | |
| Oct-19 | AFS Botswana: Strengthening the NTF Framework and Implementing an Upgraded Database, Data Process | |
| Statistics Department | Mar-18 | AFRITAC South: Organization of secondment for AFRITAC South countries |
| Apr-18 | AFRITAC South: Consumer Prices/Producer Price | |
| Jun-18 | Balance of Payments Statistics | |
| Feb-19 | AFS: Consumer Prices/Producer Price – Disseminate data and metadata (PPI) | |
| Feb-19 | AFS: National Accounts- Development of methodology | |
| Jul-19 | External Sector Statistics | |
| Aug-19 | Government Finance Statistics (EDDI2) | |
| Aug-19 | AFS: National Accounts- Rebasing national accounts |
| Department | Dates | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Fiscal Affairs Department | Jan-18 | AFRITAC South: FAD joint Customs and Tax strategy setting mission |
| Mar-18 | AFRITAC South: PFM Skills Audit | |
| May-18 | AFRITAC South: Regional SEM on strengthening the Adm. & Excises (Offsite) | |
| Jun-18 | AFRITAC South Regional PFM Advisor | |
| Aug-18 | AFS Move towards IPSAS: Public Asset Management, COA and IFMIS | |
| Nov-18 | AFS Risk Management and oversight of SOEs | |
| Nov-18 | AFS: Audit capacity of LTU for specialized sectors further strengthened through guidance and training | |
| Feb-19 | AFS: Customs control during the clearance process more effectively ensures accuracy of declarations | |
| Feb-19 | AFS: Customs control during the clearance process more effectively ensures accuracy of declarations | |
| Feb-19 | AFS: Isora Follow up Mission | |
| Apr-19 | AFS PIMA follow up | |
| Apr-19 | AFS PIMA follow up | |
| Apr-19 | AFS Professional attachment program MOFED and MINFIN BWA | |
| May-19 | AFS SOEs and fiscal risks | |
| May-19 | AFS SOEs and fiscal risks | |
| Jun-19 | AFS: To strengthen capacity of the LTU for finance sector audits | |
| Jun-19 | AFS: To strengthen capacity of the LTU to enhance accuracy of reporting by taxpayers | |
| Jul-19 | AFS: Central Verification Unit and advance Rulings | |
| Sep-19 | AFS PIM | |
| Sep-19 | AFS PIM – strategic planning component | |
| Sep-19 | AFS PIM | |
| Nov-19 | AFS Accounting and Fiscal Reporting | |
| Nov-19 | AFS Accounting and fiscal reporting | |
| Legal Department | Jul-18 | TA in Fiscal Law: Follow-up Mission--Income Tax, VAT and Tax Procedures |
| Feb-19 | AML/CFT Diagnostic Scoping Mission | |
| Feb-19 | TA on Fiscal Tax Law: VAT and Income Tax | |
| Apr-19 | TA on Fiscal Tax Law: VAT and Income Tax | |
| May-19 | TA mission to strengthen the AML/CFT framework of the Bank of Botswana and the NBFIRA | |
| Jul-19 | TA in Central Bank Law | |
| Aug-19 | Strengthen AML/CFT Supervisory Frameworks of Bank of Botswana and NBFIRA | |
| Oct-19 | TA in Banking Law | |
| Monetary and Capital Markets Department | Jan-18 | Macroprudential Policy and Financial Stability |
| Mar-18 | AFRITAC South: Implementation of Pillar 2 | |
| Jun-18 | Stress Testing | |
| Jul-18 | TA Needs Assessment: Central Bank Governance | |
| Sep-18 | AFS: BOTSWANA FPAS | |
| Sep-18 | AFS: Botswana FPAS | |
| Nov-18 | AFS: Training and Capacity Building for NPS | |
| Nov-18 | AFS: Training and Capacity Building for NPS | |
| Mar-19 | AFS: Botswana MPIO | |
| Mar-19 | AFS: Botswana MPIO | |
| Apr-19 | AFS: WAH Botswana Offsite FPAS Mission | |
| Sep-19 | AFS: Basel III Implementation | |
| Sep-19 | AFS: Basel III Implementation | |
| Sep-19 | WAH: Botswana Offsite mission | |
| Sep-19 | WAH – AFS: Strengthening the NTF Framework and Implementing an Upgraded Database, Data Process | |
| Oct-19 | AFS: Botswana FPAS (NTF and Database) | |
| Oct-19 | AFS Botswana: Strengthening the NTF Framework and Implementing an Upgraded Database, Data Process | |
| Statistics Department | Mar-18 | AFRITAC South: Organization of secondment for AFRITAC South countries |
| Apr-18 | AFRITAC South: Consumer Prices/Producer Price | |
| Jun-18 | Balance of Payments Statistics | |
| Feb-19 | AFS: Consumer Prices/Producer Price – Disseminate data and metadata (PPI) | |
| Feb-19 | AFS: National Accounts- Development of methodology | |
| Jul-19 | External Sector Statistics | |
| Aug-19 | Government Finance Statistics (EDDI2) | |
| Aug-19 | AFS: National Accounts- Rebasing national accounts |
Statistical Issuest
| I. Assessment of Data Adequacy for Surveillance |
| General. Data provision has some shortcomings in national accounts, fiscal, monetary, and external sector statistics, but is broadly adequate for surveillance. |
| National Accounts: In October 2012, Statistics Botswana (SB) updated the base year of GDP to 2006 and, in 2015, revised the national accounts to include new mines. A new rebasing exercise is ongoing and rebased estimates should be published by December 2020. Areas for further improvements include the coverage of national accounts surveys, the improvement of quarterly GDP estimates, and the estimation of GDP deflators. TA is provided by the IMF’s AFRITAC South. |
| Price Statistics. The monthly consumer price index (CPI) is available on a timely manner on the SB’s website. The index is comprehensive and provides breakdowns between urban and rural price data and between prices of tradable and non-tradable goods and services. A re-based CPI was first published in October 2016 with an index reference period of September 2016. The weights are derived from the 2009/10 Botswana Core Welfare Indicator Survey. A Multi-Topic Household Survey was conducted during 2015–16. The Survey will support the upcoming re-basing of the CPI. Compilation challenges include the eventual inclusion of owner-occupied housing costs in the CPI. The development of producer prices is being assisted by AFRITAC South, but progress has been slow. |
| Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development compiles cash-based quarterly and annual budgetary central government data following the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014. Since 2018, data are available on expenditure by classification of functions of government (COFOG) but there is still no balance sheet data compiled, and no data are compiled for extrabudgetary institutions, consolidated central government, or consolidated general government. There has been data quality improvements for the budgetary central government allowing the breakdown of transfers expense to distinguish grants, subsidies, social benefits, and other expense but challenges remain with proper distinction between current and capital outlays in the development budget. Ongoing work for the development of a revised chart of accounts would help further improve data quality and efforts undertaken recently to collect data for government entities other than the budgetary central government would help broadening the scope of GFS to include local governments and extrabudgetary units. |
| Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS). The Bank of Botswana (BoB) compiles MFS data using standardized report forms consistent with the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual. The data currently covers the accounts of the central bank and other depository corporations. The BoB is seeking to expand the coverage of MFS to include the operations of other financial corporations such as pension funds, insurance companies, and non-money market funds. The BoB reports data on several series and indicators to the Financial Access Survey (FAS), including the two indicators adopted by the UN (commercial bank branches per 100,00 adults and ATMs per 100,000 adults) to monitor Target 8.10 of the Sustainable Development Goals. |
| Financial Sector Surveillance. The BoB compiles and reports to STA quarterly data on financial soundness indicators, which include 12 core and 11 encouraged indicators for deposit-takers. |
| External Sector Statistics. Annual balance of payments (BOP) data with a quarterly breakdown is published in the Botswana Financial Statistics and the BoB’s Annual Report in an aggregated format. Preliminary balance of payments data is disseminated within two months of the end of the reporting period, while revised (final) data becomes available after nine months. The BoB also compiles and disseminates the annual international investment position (IIP), with quarterly IIP data produced for internal use only. The concepts, structure, and definitions of the BOP and IIP statistics follow the fifth Balance of Payments Statistics Manual (BPM5). Source data are broadly adequate, but the International Transaction Reporting System (ITRS) data—as opposed to alternative annual balance of payments survey on financial account items—is unreliable. Data compilation, estimation, and adjustments mostly employ sound techniques; improvements have been made in techniques applied for estimating flows from stock and in improving the coverage of cross-border transactions associated to diamond industry. However, the methods used for estimating missing data such as unrecorded trade and f.o.b. /c.i.f. adjustment factors to import values need revision. Good progress has been made in recent years in reducing the errors and omissions ranging from 50 to 80 percent for reference years 2009–2017; however, their level remains large. The main factors that would contribute to further reducing errors and omissions include (i) adjustments of import of goods from neighbor countries for their reporting on free-on-board (f.o.b.) valuation basis; (ii) further fine-tuning of estimation model for travel services; (iii) increase in coverage of current and capital transfers by including data on government grants and TA/investment projects; and (iv) coverage of foreign assets of assets managers, pension funds, and insurance companies. |
| II. Data Standards and Quality |
| Botswana has implemented the recommendations of the Enhanced General Data Dissemination System (e-GDDS). It disseminates fourteen of the fifteen data categories defined in Table 1 on its National Summary Data Page (NSDP). Periodicity and timeliness of data dissemination on the NSDP are largely in accordance with Botswana’s metadata—albeit with some shortcomings, especially for the timeliness of central government gross debt and labor market indicators. Botswana should continue building capacity to disseminate data on general government operations and external debt. Areas for improvement include timeliness and periodicity of central government gross debt and BOP data. Its data ROSC was published on March 27, 2007. |
| III. Reporting to the IMF’s Statistics Department |
| The BoB reports monetary data for publication in International Financial Statistics using Standardized Report Forms and quarterly FSIs for deposit-takers and real estate markets. Annual balance of payments and IIP data are reported to STA. The Ministry of Finance reports cash-based budgetary central government data on an annual basis to the IMF’s Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. |
| I. Assessment of Data Adequacy for Surveillance |
| General. Data provision has some shortcomings in national accounts, fiscal, monetary, and external sector statistics, but is broadly adequate for surveillance. |
| National Accounts: In October 2012, Statistics Botswana (SB) updated the base year of GDP to 2006 and, in 2015, revised the national accounts to include new mines. A new rebasing exercise is ongoing and rebased estimates should be published by December 2020. Areas for further improvements include the coverage of national accounts surveys, the improvement of quarterly GDP estimates, and the estimation of GDP deflators. TA is provided by the IMF’s AFRITAC South. |
| Price Statistics. The monthly consumer price index (CPI) is available on a timely manner on the SB’s website. The index is comprehensive and provides breakdowns between urban and rural price data and between prices of tradable and non-tradable goods and services. A re-based CPI was first published in October 2016 with an index reference period of September 2016. The weights are derived from the 2009/10 Botswana Core Welfare Indicator Survey. A Multi-Topic Household Survey was conducted during 2015–16. The Survey will support the upcoming re-basing of the CPI. Compilation challenges include the eventual inclusion of owner-occupied housing costs in the CPI. The development of producer prices is being assisted by AFRITAC South, but progress has been slow. |
| Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development compiles cash-based quarterly and annual budgetary central government data following the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014. Since 2018, data are available on expenditure by classification of functions of government (COFOG) but there is still no balance sheet data compiled, and no data are compiled for extrabudgetary institutions, consolidated central government, or consolidated general government. There has been data quality improvements for the budgetary central government allowing the breakdown of transfers expense to distinguish grants, subsidies, social benefits, and other expense but challenges remain with proper distinction between current and capital outlays in the development budget. Ongoing work for the development of a revised chart of accounts would help further improve data quality and efforts undertaken recently to collect data for government entities other than the budgetary central government would help broadening the scope of GFS to include local governments and extrabudgetary units. |
| Monetary and Financial Statistics (MFS). The Bank of Botswana (BoB) compiles MFS data using standardized report forms consistent with the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual. The data currently covers the accounts of the central bank and other depository corporations. The BoB is seeking to expand the coverage of MFS to include the operations of other financial corporations such as pension funds, insurance companies, and non-money market funds. The BoB reports data on several series and indicators to the Financial Access Survey (FAS), including the two indicators adopted by the UN (commercial bank branches per 100,00 adults and ATMs per 100,000 adults) to monitor Target 8.10 of the Sustainable Development Goals. |
| Financial Sector Surveillance. The BoB compiles and reports to STA quarterly data on financial soundness indicators, which include 12 core and 11 encouraged indicators for deposit-takers. |
| External Sector Statistics. Annual balance of payments (BOP) data with a quarterly breakdown is published in the Botswana Financial Statistics and the BoB’s Annual Report in an aggregated format. Preliminary balance of payments data is disseminated within two months of the end of the reporting period, while revised (final) data becomes available after nine months. The BoB also compiles and disseminates the annual international investment position (IIP), with quarterly IIP data produced for internal use only. The concepts, structure, and definitions of the BOP and IIP statistics follow the fifth Balance of Payments Statistics Manual (BPM5). Source data are broadly adequate, but the International Transaction Reporting System (ITRS) data—as opposed to alternative annual balance of payments survey on financial account items—is unreliable. Data compilation, estimation, and adjustments mostly employ sound techniques; improvements have been made in techniques applied for estimating flows from stock and in improving the coverage of cross-border transactions associated to diamond industry. However, the methods used for estimating missing data such as unrecorded trade and f.o.b. /c.i.f. adjustment factors to import values need revision. Good progress has been made in recent years in reducing the errors and omissions ranging from 50 to 80 percent for reference years 2009–2017; however, their level remains large. The main factors that would contribute to further reducing errors and omissions include (i) adjustments of import of goods from neighbor countries for their reporting on free-on-board (f.o.b.) valuation basis; (ii) further fine-tuning of estimation model for travel services; (iii) increase in coverage of current and capital transfers by including data on government grants and TA/investment projects; and (iv) coverage of foreign assets of assets managers, pension funds, and insurance companies. |
| II. Data Standards and Quality |
| Botswana has implemented the recommendations of the Enhanced General Data Dissemination System (e-GDDS). It disseminates fourteen of the fifteen data categories defined in Table 1 on its National Summary Data Page (NSDP). Periodicity and timeliness of data dissemination on the NSDP are largely in accordance with Botswana’s metadata—albeit with some shortcomings, especially for the timeliness of central government gross debt and labor market indicators. Botswana should continue building capacity to disseminate data on general government operations and external debt. Areas for improvement include timeliness and periodicity of central government gross debt and BOP data. Its data ROSC was published on March 27, 2007. |
| III. Reporting to the IMF’s Statistics Department |
| The BoB reports monetary data for publication in International Financial Statistics using Standardized Report Forms and quarterly FSIs for deposit-takers and real estate markets. Annual balance of payments and IIP data are reported to STA. The Ministry of Finance reports cash-based budgetary central government data on an annual basis to the IMF’s Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. |
Table 1.
Botswana: Table of Common Indicators Required for Surveillance
(As of January 16, 2020)
Daily (D), weekly (W), monthly (M), quarterly (Q), annually (A), irregular (I), and not available (NA).
Includes reserve assets pledged or otherwise encumbered as well as net derivative positions.
Both market-based and officially determined, including discount, money market, treasury bill, notes, and bond rates.
Foreign, domestic banks, and domestic nonbank financing.
The general government consists of the central government (budgetary funds, extra budgetary funds, and social security funds) and state and local governments.
Including currency and maturity composition.
Table 1.
Botswana: Table of Common Indicators Required for Surveillance
(As of January 16, 2020)
| Date of Latest Observation | Date Received | Frequency of Data1 | Frequency of Reporting1 | Frequency of Publication1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange rates | Jan/2020 | 15/1/2019 | D | D | D |
| International reserve assets and reserve liabilities of the monetary authorities2 | Aug 2019 | 11/7/2019 | M | M | M |
| Reserve/base money | Aug 2019 | 11/7/2019 | M | M | M |
| Broad money | Sep 2019 | 11/6/2019 | M | M | M |
| Central bank balance sheet | Aug 2019 | 11/7/2019 | M | M | M |
| Consolidated balance sheet of the banking system | Aug 2019 | 11/7/2019 | M | M | M |
| Interest rates3 | Oct 2019 | 11/6/2019 | M | M | M |
| Consumer price index | Jul/ 2019 | 6/14/2018 | M | M | M |
| Revenue, expenditure, balance, and composition of financing4—general government5 | 2018 | Oct/2019 | A | A | A |
| Revenue, expenditure, balance, and composition of financing4— budgetary central government | Sept/2019 | Oct/2019 | A/Q/M | Q | Q |
| Stocks of central government and central government-guaranteed debt6 | 2018 | Oct/2019 | A/Q | A/Q | A/Q |
| External current account balance | Dec/2018 | 5/23/2019 | A | A | A |
| Exports and imports of goods | Dec/2018 | May 201901/13/2018 | A | A | A |
| GDP/GNP | 2019Q3 | December 2020 | A/Q | A/Q | A/Q |
| Gross external debt | 2018Q4 | December 2020 | A/Q | A | A |
Daily (D), weekly (W), monthly (M), quarterly (Q), annually (A), irregular (I), and not available (NA).
Includes reserve assets pledged or otherwise encumbered as well as net derivative positions.
Both market-based and officially determined, including discount, money market, treasury bill, notes, and bond rates.
Foreign, domestic banks, and domestic nonbank financing.
The general government consists of the central government (budgetary funds, extra budgetary funds, and social security funds) and state and local governments.
Including currency and maturity composition.
Table 1.
Botswana: Table of Common Indicators Required for Surveillance
(As of January 16, 2020)
| Date of Latest Observation | Date Received | Frequency of Data1 | Frequency of Reporting1 | Frequency of Publication1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exchange rates | Jan/2020 | 15/1/2019 | D | D | D |
| International reserve assets and reserve liabilities of the monetary authorities2 | Aug 2019 | 11/7/2019 | M | M | M |
| Reserve/base money | Aug 2019 | 11/7/2019 | M | M | M |
| Broad money | Sep 2019 | 11/6/2019 | M | M | M |
| Central bank balance sheet | Aug 2019 | 11/7/2019 | M | M | M |
| Consolidated balance sheet of the banking system | Aug 2019 | 11/7/2019 | M | M | M |
| Interest rates3 | Oct 2019 | 11/6/2019 | M | M | M |
| Consumer price index | Jul/ 2019 | 6/14/2018 | M | M | M |
| Revenue, expenditure, balance, and composition of financing4—general government5 | 2018 | Oct/2019 | A | A | A |
| Revenue, expenditure, balance, and composition of financing4— budgetary central government | Sept/2019 | Oct/2019 | A/Q/M | Q | Q |
| Stocks of central government and central government-guaranteed debt6 | 2018 | Oct/2019 | A/Q | A/Q | A/Q |
| External current account balance | Dec/2018 | 5/23/2019 | A | A | A |
| Exports and imports of goods | Dec/2018 | May 201901/13/2018 | A | A | A |
| GDP/GNP | 2019Q3 | December 2020 | A/Q | A/Q | A/Q |
| Gross external debt | 2018Q4 | December 2020 | A/Q | A | A |
Daily (D), weekly (W), monthly (M), quarterly (Q), annually (A), irregular (I), and not available (NA).
Includes reserve assets pledged or otherwise encumbered as well as net derivative positions.
Both market-based and officially determined, including discount, money market, treasury bill, notes, and bond rates.
Foreign, domestic banks, and domestic nonbank financing.
The general government consists of the central government (budgetary funds, extra budgetary funds, and social security funds) and state and local governments.
Including currency and maturity composition.