Abstract
2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Solomon Islands
On February 5, 2020, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the 2019 Article IV consultation1 with the Solomon Islands.
The Solomon Islands economy grew by 3.9 percent in 2018 driven by a strong performance in logging, infrastructure spending, fisheries, agriculture, and manufacturing. However, growth is expected to have slowed to 2.7 percent in 2019 from weakening logging exports and the temporary pause in economic activity around the election period. Inflation remains subdued at an annual rate of 1.7 percent in August 2019. The current account deficit has widened with higher infrastructure imports but international reserves remain comfortable.
Monetary conditions are accommodative. Excess liquidity overhang has reduced, and credit growth slowed to 4.1 percent year-on-year at end of 2018.
The fiscal deficit widened to 2.7 percent of GDP in 2019 and is expected to widen further over the medium term. Public debt is currently low but rises over the medium term. Risks are on the downside with weak fiscal policy, decline in logging, spending pressures associated with the Pacific Games 2023, and spillovers from global trade tensions.
Executive Board Assessment2
Executive Directors welcomed the recent growth performance, the improvement in the fiscal position in 2018, low inflation and a comfortable international reserves cover. However, they noted that growth is slowing, fiscal pressures have begun to re-emerge and risks to the outlook are mostly on the downside. Directors urged the authorities to maintain fiscal discipline, strengthen governance and improve the business environment to sustain growth.
Directors emphasized that policy measures are needed to secure fiscal sustainability and build resilience, including to natural disasters through investment and contingency planning. They encouraged rebuilding the government cash balance, for which it would be essential to strengthen expenditure control and prioritize spending in line with the National Development Strategy. Sustaining efforts to boost revenues, increasing tax compliance, improving efficiency of the tax system and strengthening revenue administration would also bolster the fiscal position.
Directors urged the authorities to press ahead with expenditure reforms which would improve budget outcomes and the quality of spending through strengthening procurement planning, enforcing commitment controls, and greater transparency of the Constituency Development Funds. Directors stressed prudent management of development partner-financed infrastructure investments. Spending for the Pacific Games 2023 should be contained, financing should be transparent, follow procurement and public financial management best practices, and should be on grant or highly concessional terms in line with debt sustainability and implementation capacity. Directors welcomed the progress in anti-corruption efforts and encouraged stronger enforcement.
Directors considered that the basket exchange rate peg regime remains appropriate for Solomon Islands. They welcomed the review on the composition of the basket. Fiscal consolidation and structural reforms would help bring the external sector position closer to that suggested by medium-term fundamentals.
Directors emphasized the need to generate new sources of growth and viewed improved internet connectivity as an opportunity to foster private-sector development and public sector service provision. Harnessing benefits from connectivity would require improvements in the regulatory framework, and complementary investments in infrastructure and human capital. Progress in strengthening governance should continue where improvements in the legislative framework, regulation and oversight would be necessary to create a conducive environment for mining and avoid governance problems.
Directors encouraged the authorities to sustain progress on financial sector reforms. The strengthening of the AML/CFT framework would help alleviate risks to correspondent banking relationships.
Solomon Islands: Selected Economic Indicators, 2015–2024
Includes disbursements under the IMF-supported programs.
Includes SDR allocations made by the IMF to Solomon Islands in 2009 and actual and prospective disbursements under the IMF-supported programs.
Total spending is defined as total expenditure, excluding grant-funded expenditure.
Solomon Islands: Selected Economic Indicators, 2015–2024
| Per capita GDP (2017): US$2,144 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (2017): 613,712 | |||||||||||||
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | ||||
| Proj. | Proj. | ||||||||||||
| GROWTH AND PRICES | Annual percentage change unless otherwise indicated | ||||||||||||
| Real GDP | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | |||
| CPI (period average) | -0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 4.0 | |||
| CPI (end of period) | 3.5 | -2.2 | 2.1 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.0 | |||
| GDP deflator | 3.1 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 4.0 | |||
| Nominal GDP (in SI$ millions) | 9,139 | 9,780 | 10,330 | 11,099 | 11,553 | 12,130 | 12,839 | 13,643 | 14,544 | 15,556 | |||
| CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS | In percent of GDP | ||||||||||||
| Total revenue and grants | 47.9 | 43.2 | 43.1 | 45.3 | 39.0 | 36.5 | 36.7 | 37.2 | 38.3 | 37.3 | |||
| Revenue | 35.1 | 31.8 | 32.8 | 34.3 | 30.1 | 29.8 | 29.6 | 29.5 | 29.2 | 29.1 | |||
| Grants | 12.9 | 11.4 | 10.2 | 11.0 | 8.8 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 9.1 | 8.2 | |||
| Total expenditure | 48.0 | 47.1 | 47.5 | 44.6 | 41.6 | 40.2 | 41.6 | 42.2 | 43.9 | 42.1 | |||
| excluding grant-funded expenditure | 35.1 | 35.7 | 37.3 | 33.6 | 32.8 | 33.5 | 34.4 | 34.4 | 34.8 | 33.9 | |||
| Recurrent expenditure | 33.7 | 32.1 | 31.8 | 33.0 | 29.8 | 28.6 | 28.7 | 28.9 | 29.0 | 29.1 | |||
| Development expenditure | 14.3 | 15.0 | 15.8 | 11.6 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 12.9 | 13.3 | 14.9 | 13.0 | |||
| Unrecorded expenditure 1/ | 0.2 | -0.6 | -1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||
| Overall balance | 0.0 | -3.9 | -4.5 | 0.7 | -2.7 | -3.7 | -4.8 | -5.0 | -5.6 | -4.8 | |||
| Foreign financing (net) | -0.2 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 2.7 | |||
| Domestic financing (net) | 0.4 | 3.0 | 2.1 | -0.8 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.1 | |||
| Central government debt 1/ | 7.9 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 11.6 | 14.9 | 18.9 | 22.8 | 26.9 | 30.0 | 33.1 | |||
| MACROFINANCIAL | Annual percentage change (end of year) | ||||||||||||
| Credit to private sector | 16.7 | 12.1 | 6.4 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | |||
| Broad money | 15.0 | 13.4 | 3.5 | 6.8 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 3.3 | |||
| Reserve money | 23.5 | 14.5 | 7.5 | 10.5 | 0.0 | 4.8 | 6.9 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.5 | |||
| BALANCE OF PAYMENTS | In US$ millions unless otherwise indicated | ||||||||||||
| Trade balance | -93.5 | -71.7 | -81.7 | -69.4 | -156.0 | -161.6 | -219.9 | -280.4 | -335.8 | -306.3 | |||
| (percent of GDP) | -8.1 | -5.8 | -6.4 | -5.0 | -11.0 | -10.8 | -13.9 | -16.7 | -18.8 | -16.0 | |||
| Current account balance | -35.3 | -48.8 | -62.8 | -62.5 | -121.9 | -120.2 | -168.4 | -219.1 | -264.2 | -233.6 | |||
| (percent of GDP) | -3.0 | -4.0 | -4.9 | -4.5 | -8.6 | -8.1 | -10.7 | -13.1 | -14.8 | -12.2 | |||
| Foreign direct investment | 27.6 | 36.0 | 50.0 | 43.1 | 48.5 | 53.4 | 61.4 | 65.9 | 68.1 | 72.4 | |||
| (percent of GDP) | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | |||
| Overall balance | 5.3 | -5.9 | 63.2 | 36.2 | -9.5 | -0.5 | -4.8 | -32.3 | -38.0 | -27.5 | |||
| Gross official reserves (in US$ millions, end of period) 2/ | 519.6 | 513.6 | 576.9 | 613.1 | 601.5 | 600.8 | 595.7 | 563.1 | 525.1 | 497.6 | |||
| (in months of next year’s imports of GNFS) | 10.0 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 5.2 | |||
| Net official reserves (in US$ millions, end of period) | 505.6 | 503.5 | 566.7 | 603.0 | 593.5 | 593.0 | 588.2 | 556.0 | 518.0 | 490.5 | |||
| (in months of next year’s imports of GNFS) | 9.7 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.1 | |||
| EXCHANGE RATE (SI$/US$, end of period) | 8.1 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 8.3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | |||
| Real effective exchange rate (end of period, 2010 = 100) | 127.3 | 127.8 | 126.3 | 130.8 | 139.5 | … | … | … | … | … | |||
| MEMORANDUM ITEMS: | |||||||||||||
| Cash balance (in SI$ millions) | 694 | 412 | 343 | 337 | 240 | 129 | -26 | -238 | -512 | -846 | |||
| in months of recurrent spending | 3.6 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 | -0.1 | -0.8 | -1.6 | -2.5 | |||
| SIG Deposit Account (In addition to cash balance, in SI$ millions) | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | |||
| Broader cash balance (=Cash balance+ SIG Deposit Account; in SI$ millions) | 834 | 552 | 483 | 477 | 380 | 269 | 114 | -97 | -370 | -703 | |||
| in months of total spending 3/ | 3.1 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.5 | -0.1 | -0.7 | -1.5 | |||
| Public domestic debt, including arrears (in SI$ millions) | 43 | 43 | 193 | 245 | 502 | 613 | 768 | 966 | 1,219 | 1,533 | |||
Includes disbursements under the IMF-supported programs.
Includes SDR allocations made by the IMF to Solomon Islands in 2009 and actual and prospective disbursements under the IMF-supported programs.
Total spending is defined as total expenditure, excluding grant-funded expenditure.
Solomon Islands: Selected Economic Indicators, 2015–2024
| Per capita GDP (2017): US$2,144 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (2017): 613,712 | |||||||||||||
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | ||||
| Proj. | Proj. | ||||||||||||
| GROWTH AND PRICES | Annual percentage change unless otherwise indicated | ||||||||||||
| Real GDP | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | |||
| CPI (period average) | -0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 4.0 | |||
| CPI (end of period) | 3.5 | -2.2 | 2.1 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.0 | |||
| GDP deflator | 3.1 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 4.0 | |||
| Nominal GDP (in SI$ millions) | 9,139 | 9,780 | 10,330 | 11,099 | 11,553 | 12,130 | 12,839 | 13,643 | 14,544 | 15,556 | |||
| CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS | In percent of GDP | ||||||||||||
| Total revenue and grants | 47.9 | 43.2 | 43.1 | 45.3 | 39.0 | 36.5 | 36.7 | 37.2 | 38.3 | 37.3 | |||
| Revenue | 35.1 | 31.8 | 32.8 | 34.3 | 30.1 | 29.8 | 29.6 | 29.5 | 29.2 | 29.1 | |||
| Grants | 12.9 | 11.4 | 10.2 | 11.0 | 8.8 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 9.1 | 8.2 | |||
| Total expenditure | 48.0 | 47.1 | 47.5 | 44.6 | 41.6 | 40.2 | 41.6 | 42.2 | 43.9 | 42.1 | |||
| excluding grant-funded expenditure | 35.1 | 35.7 | 37.3 | 33.6 | 32.8 | 33.5 | 34.4 | 34.4 | 34.8 | 33.9 | |||
| Recurrent expenditure | 33.7 | 32.1 | 31.8 | 33.0 | 29.8 | 28.6 | 28.7 | 28.9 | 29.0 | 29.1 | |||
| Development expenditure | 14.3 | 15.0 | 15.8 | 11.6 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 12.9 | 13.3 | 14.9 | 13.0 | |||
| Unrecorded expenditure 1/ | 0.2 | -0.6 | -1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||
| Overall balance | 0.0 | -3.9 | -4.5 | 0.7 | -2.7 | -3.7 | -4.8 | -5.0 | -5.6 | -4.8 | |||
| Foreign financing (net) | -0.2 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 2.7 | |||
| Domestic financing (net) | 0.4 | 3.0 | 2.1 | -0.8 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.1 | |||
| Central government debt 1/ | 7.9 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 11.6 | 14.9 | 18.9 | 22.8 | 26.9 | 30.0 | 33.1 | |||
| MACROFINANCIAL | Annual percentage change (end of year) | ||||||||||||
| Credit to private sector | 16.7 | 12.1 | 6.4 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | |||
| Broad money | 15.0 | 13.4 | 3.5 | 6.8 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 3.3 | |||
| Reserve money | 23.5 | 14.5 | 7.5 | 10.5 | 0.0 | 4.8 | 6.9 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.5 | |||
| BALANCE OF PAYMENTS | In US$ millions unless otherwise indicated | ||||||||||||
| Trade balance | -93.5 | -71.7 | -81.7 | -69.4 | -156.0 | -161.6 | -219.9 | -280.4 | -335.8 | -306.3 | |||
| (percent of GDP) | -8.1 | -5.8 | -6.4 | -5.0 | -11.0 | -10.8 | -13.9 | -16.7 | -18.8 | -16.0 | |||
| Current account balance | -35.3 | -48.8 | -62.8 | -62.5 | -121.9 | -120.2 | -168.4 | -219.1 | -264.2 | -233.6 | |||
| (percent of GDP) | -3.0 | -4.0 | -4.9 | -4.5 | -8.6 | -8.1 | -10.7 | -13.1 | -14.8 | -12.2 | |||
| Foreign direct investment | 27.6 | 36.0 | 50.0 | 43.1 | 48.5 | 53.4 | 61.4 | 65.9 | 68.1 | 72.4 | |||
| (percent of GDP) | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | |||
| Overall balance | 5.3 | -5.9 | 63.2 | 36.2 | -9.5 | -0.5 | -4.8 | -32.3 | -38.0 | -27.5 | |||
| Gross official reserves (in US$ millions, end of period) 2/ | 519.6 | 513.6 | 576.9 | 613.1 | 601.5 | 600.8 | 595.7 | 563.1 | 525.1 | 497.6 | |||
| (in months of next year’s imports of GNFS) | 10.0 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 5.2 | |||
| Net official reserves (in US$ millions, end of period) | 505.6 | 503.5 | 566.7 | 603.0 | 593.5 | 593.0 | 588.2 | 556.0 | 518.0 | 490.5 | |||
| (in months of next year’s imports of GNFS) | 9.7 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.1 | |||
| EXCHANGE RATE (SI$/US$, end of period) | 8.1 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 8.3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | |||
| Real effective exchange rate (end of period, 2010 = 100) | 127.3 | 127.8 | 126.3 | 130.8 | 139.5 | … | … | … | … | … | |||
| MEMORANDUM ITEMS: | |||||||||||||
| Cash balance (in SI$ millions) | 694 | 412 | 343 | 337 | 240 | 129 | -26 | -238 | -512 | -846 | |||
| in months of recurrent spending | 3.6 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 | -0.1 | -0.8 | -1.6 | -2.5 | |||
| SIG Deposit Account (In addition to cash balance, in SI$ millions) | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | |||
| Broader cash balance (=Cash balance+ SIG Deposit Account; in SI$ millions) | 834 | 552 | 483 | 477 | 380 | 269 | 114 | -97 | -370 | -703 | |||
| in months of total spending 3/ | 3.1 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.5 | -0.1 | -0.7 | -1.5 | |||
| Public domestic debt, including arrears (in SI$ millions) | 43 | 43 | 193 | 245 | 502 | 613 | 768 | 966 | 1,219 | 1,533 | |||
Includes disbursements under the IMF-supported programs.
Includes SDR allocations made by the IMF to Solomon Islands in 2009 and actual and prospective disbursements under the IMF-supported programs.
Total spending is defined as total expenditure, excluding grant-funded expenditure.
Under Article IV of the IMF’s Articles of Agreement, the IMF holds bilateral discussions with members, usually every year. A staff team visits the country, collects economic and financial information, and discusses with officials the country’s economic developments and policies. On return to headquarters, the staff prepares a report, which forms the basis for discussion by the Executive Board.
At the conclusion of the discussion, the Managing Director, as Chairman of the Board, summarizes the views of Executive Directors, and this summary is transmitted to the country’s authorities. An explanation of any qualifiers used in summings up can be found here: http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/misc/qualifiers.htm.