Front Matter Page
IMF Country Report No. 16/2
PAKISTAN
SELECTED ISSUES PAPER
This Selected Issues paper on Pakistan was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed on December 4, 2015.
January 2016
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Front Matter Page
PAKISTAN
SELECTED ISSUES
December 4, 2015
Approved By
Daniela Gressani
Prepared By Serhan Cevik, Ferhan Salman, Robert Tchaidze, and Andreas Tudyka, with support from Yi Liu, Maria Orihuela-Quintanilla, and Hiba Zaidi
Contents
UNLOCKING PAKISTAN'S REVENUE POTENTIAL
A. Introduction
B. Tax Regime and Revenue Performance
C. Estimating Tax Buoyancy and Efficiency
D. The Way Forward
E. Conclusion
FIGURES
1. Tax Revenues in International Perspective
2. Number of Taxpayers
3. Agricultural Sector and Tax Revenues
4. Tax Bouyancy
5. Tax Efficiency
6. Corruption, Business Climate and Tax Revenues
TABLES
1. Composition of Tax Revenues
2. Cost of Tax Expenditures
REFERENCES
IMPROVING PAKISTAN’S COMPETITIVENESS AND BUSINESS CLIMATE
A. Increasing Growth through Higher Competitiviness
B. Policies to Unlock Potential Growth through Productivity and Capital Accumulation
C. Export Competitiveness
BOX
1. Estimating Real Exchange Rate Misalignment
FIGURES
1. Distribution of Exports
2. Pakistan’s Exports: Market Shares
3. Pakistan and Selected Peers, Export Diversification
4. Pakistan and Selected Peers: Export Quality by Products (SITC, Rev. 1)
REFERENCES
MACROECONOMIC GAINS FROM RAISING FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION IN PAKISTAN
A. Background
B. International Evidence for FLP Determinants
C. Evidence from Pakistan’s Micro Data
D. Policy Recommendations
FIGURES
1. GDP Losses due to Economic Gender Gaps in Selected Countries
2. Labor Force Participation (LFP) Rates
3. Global Gender Gap
4. Women in Parliaments
5. Ratio of Girls to Boys Enrollments in Primary and Secondary Education
6. Resource and Legal Restrictions
7. Male Minus Female Participation Rates
REFERENCES