Abstract
KEY ISSUES Context. After several years of near-stagnation, France’s economy is recovering, supported by an accommodative external environment, in particular lower oil prices, a depreciated euro, and low interest rates. However, structural rigidities continue to weigh on France’s medium-term growth potential, estimated to average just 1.2 percent, despite steady labor force growth. Policies. The fiscal strategy has rightly shifted to expenditure-based consolidation, but nominal spending containment has not yielded the intended savings in a low growth and inflation environment. Important progress has recently been made on structural reforms, notably by reducing the labor tax wedge and advancing on supply-side reforms. Further efforts are needed to address high unemployment, growth bottlenecks, and record-high public spending. Spending-based fiscal consolidation. To ensure that medium-term fiscal objectives are met, general government primary spending should be kept flat in real terms, starting in 2016. This would deliver structural adjustment of ½ percent of GDP per year, and place public debt on a downward trajectory by 2017. Spending containment should shift to higher quality structural measures based on broad-based expenditure reviews at all levels of government—notably staffing reform, institutional streamlining and tighter budget constraints for local governments, better targeting of social benefits, and a further increase in the effective retirement age. Combating unemployment. Building on recent reforms, broad-based efforts are needed to reduce the high level of structural unemployment and accelerate job creation. Flexibility for social partners to agree at firm level on hours and wages should be expanded. Annual increases in the minimum wage should be limited to inflation as long as unemployment remains high. Job search incentives should be strengthened for recipients of unemployment and welfare benefits. Education and training resources should be better targeted to the youth and the unemployed. Removing growth bottlenecks. The recent momentum on product market reforms should be maintained. Further removing barriers to competition in services would help provide better incentives for innovation and productivity growth. Disincentives for firms to grow beyond certain employee thresholds should be reduced and the process for cutting red tape be made more effective. Further efforts are also needed to alleviate constraints on the supply of affordable housing. Financial sector. The financial sector should continue to adapt to a changing macroeconomic and regulatory environment. The guaranteed interest rates on regulated savings deposits should be reduced, and tax incentives for savings and insurance products reviewed.
This statement provides information that has become available since the issuance of the staff report. The information does not alter the thrust of the staff appraisal.
There is substantial uncertainty in the euro area following recent events in Greece, including the expiration of the European program last week and Sunday’s referendum. The broader market reaction has been generally contained, with the euro exchange rate remaining stable against the U.S. dollar, sovereign spreads widening moderately for a number of countries, and equity prices declining throughout the euro area. For France, sovereign yields have remained broadly stable since the issuance of the staff report, while stock prices have declined alongside other euro area markets, with contagion effects particularly noticeable for bank equities. Heightened uncertainty may continue to weigh on markets and sentiment.
As noted in the staff report, direct trade and financial linkages between France and Greece are limited, but adverse developments in Greece could weigh on confidence in the region and indirectly affect France’s economic prospects. Overall, staff continues to see risks to France’s short-term growth outlook as broadly balanced at this stage, with heightened uncertainty around Greece weighing on the downside.
The recent events highlight the importance of timely and effective policy actions to manage potential spillovers, especially at the euro area level. Beyond the near term, there should be a concerted effort to accelerate deeper integration within the euro area and strengthen firewalls. The upcoming euro area Article IV report will elaborate on these policy challenges.