Haiti: Staff Report for the 2015 Article IV Consultation and Request for a Three-Year Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility—Informational Annex

Haiti’s recently completed arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) helped to maintain macroeconomic stability after the 2010 earthquake. While Haiti has seen four consecutive years of growth, reducing poverty requires higher and sustained growth rates.

Abstract

Haiti’s recently completed arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) helped to maintain macroeconomic stability after the 2010 earthquake. While Haiti has seen four consecutive years of growth, reducing poverty requires higher and sustained growth rates.

Fund Relations

(As of March 31, 2015)

Membership Status: Joined September 8, 1953; Article VIII

General Resources Account:

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SDR Department:

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Outstanding Purchases and Loans:

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Financial Arrangements:

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Formerly PRGF

Projected Payments to the Fund (SDR million; based on existing use of resources and present holdings of SDRs):

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Exchange Rate Arrangement and Exchange Restrictions:

Haiti’s currency is the gourde. The de jure exchange rate regime is floating. The de facto exchange rate arrangement has been classified as a crawl-like arrangement since April 2008, except for a short period of post-earthquake disruption in the exchange rate market from January through February of 2010, during which time the gourde was classified as an other managed arrangement. Haiti has accepted the obligations of Article VIII, Sections 2, 3, and 4, and maintains an exchange system free of restrictions on the making of payments and transfers for current international transactions.

Safeguards Assessment:

An update safeguards assessment was concluded in January 2011. The assessment noted that despite the serious setback resulting from the earthquake, elements of the safeguards framework within the central bank remain in place. However, the safeguards assessment also concluded that new vulnerabilities emerged, particularly, in the areas of governance, external audit and reserves management. In order to address these vulnerabilities, the safeguards assessment recommended rotation of the external auditors, as well the adoption of a formal selection policy in the area of external audit. The assessment recommended the adoption of a global reserves management policy and guidelines, to cover both reserves managed internally as well as reserves managed externally. Other recommendations aim to strengthen the oversight bodies including through the reconstitution of the Investment Committee, and the appointment of an independent Compliance Officer. An update assessment will be required before the first review under the new ECF arrangement.

Article IV Consultations:

The last Article IV consultation was concluded on March 11, 2013 (IMF Country Report No. (13/90). Consultations were held in Port-au-Prince Dublin during January 20–27, 2014. The IMF team comprised Mr. Boileau Loko (head), Abdelrahmi Bessaha, Olga Sulla, Alain Brousseau (all WHD), and Elva Bova (FAD). Jacques Bouhga-Hagbe, the resident representative, assisted the mission. Ms. Ketleen Florestal from the Executive Director’s office participated in the discussions. The mission met with Prime Minister Lamothe, Minister of Economy and Finance Jean Marie, Minister of Commerce and Industry Laleau, Minister of Agriculture Jacques, Minister Delegate in charge of Human Rights and the Fight against Poverty Auguste, Governor Castle, and senior financial and economic officials. The mission also met with representatives of the donor and diplomatic community and the private sector. Article IV consultations with Haiti are on the 24-month cycle.

Technical Assistance:

Haiti has received the following IMF technical assistance missions since November 2012:1

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Resident Representative:

Mr. Wayne Camard has been the Fund’s Resident Representative since August 1, 2013, replacing Mr. Jacques Bouhga-Hagbe.

Joint World Bank-Imf Work Program, 2015–16

The IMF country team coordinated closely with the World Bank during the Article IV consultation mission and staff visit, with World Bank staff participating actively in all discussions. The teams were led by Mr. Raju Singh (Lead Economist and Program Leader, World Bank) and Mr. Gabriel Di Bella (IMF Mission Chief for Haiti).

The teams agreed that while Haiti should be commended for maintaining macroeconomic stability, deep-seated structural reforms are needed to raise Haiti’s growth rate and ensure steady progress in poverty reduction. The teams agreed that electricity should be a top reform priority, both because the sector’s large fiscal costs crowd out other public spending and because poor and unreliable electricity service constitutes a key obstacle to economic development. Together with the electricity utility and responsible government ministries, the teams coordinated closely in the incorporation of electricity sector issues into the ECF arrangement, and will continue to do so over the course of the program.

The teams also jointly developed the debt sustainability analysis (See Debt Sustainability Analysis). They agreed that the recent fall in international fuel prices drove the improvement in Haiti’s projected debt sustainability as compared with the previous DSA, and is thus vulnerable to a sudden reversal. The results therefore underscored the need for an automatic fuel price mechanism, together with targeted mitigating measures, to guard against the risk of a rebound in prices while protecting the most vulnerable. Both the Bank and the Fund have been active in providing technical assistance in this area.

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Relations with the Inter-American Development Bank

(As of March 2015)

As Haiti’s largest multilateral donor, with an uninterrupted presence for 50 years, the IDB has a strong commitment to the people and Government of Haiti. Consequently, the IDB has mobilized unprecedented financial and human resources to respond to the multiple needs of the country after the earthquake of January 12th, 2010. In the aftermath of the shock, the Bank engaged extensively with the Government and other donors in humanitarian relief efforts, reconstruction and rehabilitation activities, as well as the delivery of basic social services.

The Bank also assumed additional responsibilities beyond the financing of key recovery and development investments, including support for sector-wide plans and active roles in the design and implementation of the earthquake recovery institutional mechanisms such as the Haiti Reconstruction Fund (HRF), for which it acts as one of three Partner Entities.

The Bank is uniquely positioned to support the Government’s Action Plan for National Recovery and Reconstruction. In order to identify priority sectors and focus its resources, the Bank and the GOH carried out a comprehensive sector analysis of its project pipeline, past experience and areas of comparative advantage, relationships with key GOH and other international and Haitian stakeholders, as well as the Bank’s comparative strength and reputation with respect to other donors.

A. Key Developments Since the Earthquake

In the months following the earthquake, the IDB Board of Governors also agreed to cancel Haiti’s outstanding debt with the Bank, which at US$479 million constituted about 40% of the Government’s external liabilities. The IDB Governors also agreed to convert the undisbursed portion of loans, totaling some US$186 million into grants, thereby freeing up public resources for critical investments. These decisions were preceded by the 2009 E-HIPC/MDRI initiative when the IDB granted some US$511 million in debt relief, clearing the way for the Government to undertake vital public investments.

The Bank also pledged to provide Haiti more than US$2.3 billion in new grants for the 2010–20 period to fund its recovery efforts and long-term development plans. This decision sealed the Bank’s long-term commitment with Haiti’s reconstruction plan. These resources will finance investments vital for Haiti’s post-earthquake recovery, to tackle extreme poverty and inequality, and to establish the platform for long term economic growth as well as institutional and social development.

On the basis of an analysis of the most critical areas of support for recovery and development, as well as consultations with the GOH, the Bank focuses its projects on six sector programmatic areas:, Education, Private sector Development, Water and Sanitation, Agriculture, and transport.

Since the earthquake, total approvals reached US$1,139M, and total disbursements US$893.9M. The following tables show evolution by year and by priority sector of IDB approvals and disbursements:

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Statistical Issues

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Haiti: Table of Common Indicators Required for Surveillance

(As of April 2015)

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Includes reserve assets pledged or otherwise encumbered as well as net derivative positions.

Both market-based and officially-determined, including discount rates, money market rates, rates on treasury bills, notes and bonds.

Foreign, domestic bank, and domestic nonbank financing.

The general government consists of the central government (budgetary funds, extra budgetary funds, and social security funds) and state and local governments.

Including currency and maturity composition.

Daily (D), Weekly (W), Monthly (M), Quarterly (Q), Annually (A); Irregular (I) Not Available (NA).

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For previous technical assistance missions please consult the Haiti 2012 Article IV consultation available at http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr1390.pdf

Haiti: Staff Report for the 2015 Article IV Consultation and Request for a Three-Year Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility
Author: International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.