Solomon Islands: Staff Report for the 2009 Article IV Consultation—Informational Annex

This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that economic conditions in the Solomon Islands have weakened in 2009, given the effects of the global recession and a logging sector decline. Real GDP growth is projected at 0.4 percent in 2009, compared with 6.9 percent in 2008. On the positive side, inflation pressures have eased substantially, mainly owing to lower fuel and food prices. Executive Directors have advised the authorities to address the increasingly unsustainable fiscal situation, given possible permanent losses in logging-related revenues, relatively large expenditure outlays, and government financing constraints.

Abstract

This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that economic conditions in the Solomon Islands have weakened in 2009, given the effects of the global recession and a logging sector decline. Real GDP growth is projected at 0.4 percent in 2009, compared with 6.9 percent in 2008. On the positive side, inflation pressures have eased substantially, mainly owing to lower fuel and food prices. Executive Directors have advised the authorities to address the increasingly unsustainable fiscal situation, given possible permanent losses in logging-related revenues, relatively large expenditure outlays, and government financing constraints.

Annex I. Solomon Islands—Fund Relations

(As of August 31, 2009)

I. Membership Status: Joined September 22, 1978; Article VIII

II. General Resources Account:

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III. SDR Department:

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IV. Outstanding Purchases and Loans: None

V. Latest Financial Arrangements:

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VI. Projected Payments to Fund:

(SDR Million; based on existing use of resources and present holdings of SDRs):

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VII. Implementation of HIPC Initiative: Not applicable.

VIII. Implementation of MDRI Assistance: Not applicable.

IX. Exchange Rate Arrangements:

Since November 2000, the exchange rate for the Solomon Islands (SI) dollar has been based on a trade-weighted basket of its major trading partners’ currencies, with the U.S. dollar as the intervention currency. The Solomon Islands now maintains an exchange system that is free of restrictions on the making of payments and transfers for current international transactions.

X. Last Article IV Consultation:

The 2008 Article IV Consultation discussions were held in Honiara during July 16–25, 2008. The staff report (IMF Country Report No. 08/358) was considered by the Executive Board and the consultation concluded on October 20, 2008.

XI. Technical Assistance:

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XII. Resident Representative: None

Annex II: Solomon Islands—Support From the Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Center1

Over the past few years, support for the Solomon Islands from the Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Center (PFTAC) has focused on the following areas:

Tax policy and administration: A PFTAC mission in December 2006 and follow-up visit in May 2007 assisted the authorities in the preparation of a project plan for implementing business revenue reform. A joint FAD-PFTAC regional mission took place in February–March 2008 and recommended strategies for addressing future revenue needs, with a follow-up visit in May 2008. However, the government’s revenue policy remains to be finalized.

Bank supervision and examination: A PFTAC mission in October 2008 reviewed the implementation of Basel I by the Central Bank of Solomon Islands (CBSI) and the adequacy of regulatory reporting requirements for banking institutions. A follow-up mission in February 2009 completed the review and revised the reporting requirements. During these visits, PFTAC Advisor also provided assistance and training to the CBSI supervision staff in the proper use of regulatory enforcement actions and conduct of an on-site examination of the National Provident Fund. Additional visits are planned to assist the CBSI in strengthening its off-site monitoring and analysis of banking institutions through the introduction of formalized output analysis reports to be generated by the new regulatory reporting forms. PFTAC also will provide support for an IT expert in August 2009 to assess the CBSI’s computer needs and reconfigure the current FRE\D database used by the Supervision Department to accommodate the new regulatory reporting requirements and forms.

Statistical issues: A monetary and financial statistics (MFS) mission visited in July 2007 to assist the CBSI in moving towards the MFS Manual 2000 reporting standards. During a two-year period ending February 2009, a PFTAC statistics advisor and short-term experts undertook eight visits to the Solomon Island to assist the authorities strengthening compilation of balance of payments statistics, developing import prices statistics, and improving the quality and timeliness of national accounts statistics. Constant price GDP estimates have been rebased to 2004 prices. A follow-up mission on national accounts statistics is planned for February 2010.

Annex III: Solomon Islands—Relations with the World Bank Group

(As of August 2009)

The Solomon Islands has been a member of the World Bank since the country’s independence in 1978, receiving 11 IDA operations to date totaling US$63.4 million in education and health, roads and rural development, and energy, as well as a structural adjustment credit. Following the repayment of all outstanding arrears in 2003, the Solomon Islands emerged from nonaccrual status, and country relations were normalized. The Solomon Islands qualifies for grant funding under the IDA Debt Sustainability Framework and is eligible for an IDA15 allocation of US$9.8 million.

The World Bank Group’s (WBG) assistance is motivated by the need for re-engagement in a low capacity, post-conflict country, while recognizing the abundance of donor funds. Bank activities in the Solomon Islands are currently addressed under the Regional Engagement Framework FY06–FY09 for Pacific Islands. However, the World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC) are now preparing a joint stand-alone Interim Strategy Note addressing the period FY10–12. The opening of a WBG country office in 2008, together with the Asian Development Bank (AsDB), reflects increased institutional and regional commitment to small and fragile states.

The Bank’s current activities in the Solomon Islands are concentrated in the following areas:

Energy: The Bank has two projects under implementation in the energy sector. The first is the Sustainable Energy Project comprising an IDA14 grant of US$4.0 million, which aims to support reform of the Solomon Islands Electricity Authority by enhancing its operational efficiency, system reliability and financial performance and by strengthening its financial and operational management through a commercialization program, with a view to reducing power losses and increasing the reliability of generation and distribution systems. The Tina River Hydropower project, currently under preparation, is expected to reduce the country’s high level of dependence on imported diesel, while providing a more reliable and sustainable power supply. The Bank’s contribution will take the form of a partial risk guarantee, based on US$4 million in IDA resources. The regional Sustainable Energy Finance Project provides US$0.5 million in loan guarantees for the purchase of household sustainable energy systems—a scheme implemented by the Central Bank of Solomon Islands.

Telecommunications: The Bank is providing technical assistance (TA) to the government to examine ways to improve the competitiveness of the sector, in order to reduce telecommunication costs and improve service quality and coverage, in particular outside Honiara. Supported by a proposed US$3.8 million IDA operation, this work will (i) assist government in managing the transition from a monopoly to competition; (ii) establish a regulator with the appropriate legal, regulatory, and technical expertise; and (iii) assist in implementing a sustainable, self-financing connectivity program for rural and remote areas. Board consideration is anticipated for end 2009.

Rural development: The Bank launched the Rural Development Program (RDP) in February 2008, focusing initially on four provinces. The program is expected to expand to include the remaining provinces in 2010. Implemented by the Ministry of Development Planning and Aid Coordination, the RDP aims to raise the living standards of rural households by (i) providing local services and basic infrastructure through community grants; (ii) increasing the capacity of Ministry of Agriculture and Livelihoods to provide agriculture extension services; and (iii) supporting rural business development. Approved in September 2007, total project financing is approximately US$21.8 million including an IDA grant (US$3.2 million), EC grant (US$10.1 million), and AusAID grant (US$ 6.6 million).

Health: A Health Sector Support Technical Assistance Program was approved in March 2008 with an IDA grant of US$1.2 million, complementing the larger AusAID Health Sector Support Program SWAp with TA for the Ministry of Health and Medical Services in (i) public expenditure management and medium-term planning at the provincial level; (ii) sector performance monitoring; and, (iii) training and capacity building. Following initial implementation delays, project activities are expected to start in October 2009.

Economic analysis: In 2008, the government requested World Bank and IFC support to identify sources of revenue to replace the anticipated decline in logging, which in 2008, accounted for 16 percent of GDP, 60 percent of exports, and 18 percent of government revenue. This initiative aims to encourage policy changes and actions by government, donors, and the private sector to increase economic growth based on realistic assessments of the medium-term fiscal outlook and growth prospects across key sectors of the economy. The work has three streams: (i) Near and Medium-Term Growth Prospects to 2013; (ii) Long-Term Growth Prospects, 2013 and Beyond; (iii) case studies of customary land tenure carried out by the Bank’s Justice for the Poor program. The first stream has been completed, with preliminary findings presented in March 2009; the second stream will be finalized in the latter half of 2009.

In addition, the Ministry of Finance and Treasury (MoFT) has asked the World Bank to assist in undertaking a Public Expenditure Review (PER). The move to a PER reflects the desire of the ministry to improve public financial management (PFM), and as such forms an important component of Government’s response to the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) conducted in late 2008. The PER will be critical to overall improvements in PFM, maximizing the development impacts of the government’s limited resources, as well as rationalizing financial flows and spending at the provincial level.

Rapid Employment Program (REP): The REP will be a labor-based public-works program to create employment in Honiara and peri-urban settlements. It will provide an alternative source of income to those most vulnerable to the effects of the global financial crisis and contractions in government spending, with the overarching objective of helping to reduce risks of social instability. The REP aims to (i) address unemployment, underemployment, and poverty; (ii) augment basic life skills and household incomes, particularly for the working poor; and (iii) increase economic productivity through investing in the maintenance of infrastructure assets.

Regulatory Simplification and Investment Policy and Promotion Project (RSIPP): Undertaken by the IFC’s Investment Climate Advisory Services, the RSIPP fosters public-private dialogue to bring about simplifications in business processes and improvements in investment climate. Components include streamlining business startup and licensing, reducing the time and cost of contract enforcement, improving investment promotion, and speeding up and making more affordable land transfers. A gender component seeks to assess and reduce gender-based barriers to private sector participation. In the area of business licensing, the IFC is coordinating closely with the AsDB.

IFC Investments: IFC is considering substantial loan and equity positions in a mining enterprise (Gold Ridge mine), which is expected to resume production soon. The project has two main components: (i) the rehabilitation of the processing plant and equipment by an engineering contractor, and (ii) the redevelopment of the mine and associated costs of infrastructure. IFC is also actively pursuing potential investments in sustainable agriculture and fisheries.

Annex IV: Solomon Islands—Relations with the Asian Development Bank

(As of August 2009)

Since joining the Asian Development Bank (AsDB) in 1973, the Solomon Islands has received 16 loans amounting to US$79.3 million, 9 grants amounting to US$53.6 million and 61 technical assistance (TA) projects amounting to US$18.3 million. The Solomon Islands is eligible for Asian Development Fund (ADF) grants available to countries that are very poor, heavily indebted, or in a post-conflict situation. The AsDB approved ADF grants of US$5.0 million and US$14.0 million in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The 2007–08 ADF allocations for the Solomon Islands succeeded in catalyzing substantial grant cofinancing from the governments of Australia and New Zealand, the European Commission, and the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI).

The AsDB’s country assistance strategy seeks to reduce poverty by promoting equitable private-sector-led economic growth through improved transportation infrastructure and services and a stronger business-enabling environment.1 An Interim Country Partnership Strategy (2009–11) is being prepared for approval in September 2009. Capacity development and the promotion of good governance are guiding priorities. In light of the global economic turbulences, the AsDB is adjusting its operations to support the government in terms of mitigating the impacts, currently through analytical support and adjustments in the design and delivery of investment projects to increase local content. AsDB assistance is currently provided entirely on a grant basis and, in line with government policy, no new lending to the country will be provided until public finances stabilize.

In transport infrastructure, the AsDB supports the institutional strengthening of the Ministry of Infrastructure Development. Investment projects, all grant funded, include an Emergency Assistance Project in response to the 2007 earthquake and consequent tsunami that is rebuilding damaged roads, bridges, wharves, and water supplies; the Solomon Islands Road Improvement Project to rehabilitate roads and bridges; the Domestic Maritime Support Sector Project for the establishment of a franchise shipping scheme for services to remote locations and the construction of selected wharves. A transport sector development project is being prepared for approval in 2010.

AsDB operations in private sector development focus on business law reform, public enterprise reform, and access to finance. Specific interventions include the modernization of the company registry; establishment of a secured transactions registry; and selected state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform, privatization, and public–private partnership support.

These interventions complement recent reforms such the passing, in March 2009, of the new Companies Act and Companies (Insolvency and Receiverships) Act.

The AsDB’s Pacific Liaison and Coordination Office in Sydney is responsible for country programming, project implementation, and administration, supported by the Pacific Operations Division in Manila.

Solomon Islands: Loans, Approvals, and Disbursements, 1999–2007

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

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Contact person: Eugenue Zhukov, Regional Director, Pacific Liaison and Cooperation Office, AsDB Sydney (ezhukov@adb.org).

Annex V. Solomon Islands—Statistical Issues

As of September 1, 2009

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Solomon Islands: Table of Common Indicators Required for Surveillance

(As of September 1, 2009)

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Any reserve assets that are pledged or otherwise encumbered should be specified separately. Also, data should comprise short-term liabilities linked to a foreign currency but settled by other means as well as the notional values of financial derivatives to pay and to receive foreign currency, including those linked to a foreign currency but settled by other means.

Both market-based and officially-determined, including discount rates, money market rates, rates on treasury bills, notes and bonds.

Foreign, domestic bank, and domestic nonbank financing.

The general government consists of the central government (budgetary funds, extra budgetary funds, and social security funds) and state and local governments.

Including currency and maturity composition.

Includes external gross financial asset and liability positions vis-à-vis nonresidents.

Daily (D); weekly (W); monthly (M); quarterly (Q); annually (A); irregular (I); and not available (NA).

1

The Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Center in Suva, Fiji, is a regional technical assistance institution operated by the IMF with financial support of the Asian Development Bank, Australia, Japan, Korea, and New Zealand. The Center’s aim is to build skills and institutional capacity for effective economic and financial management that can be sustained at the national level. Member countries are: Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.

1

The Country Strategy and Program Update 2007–09 can be found at http://www.adb.org/Documents/CSPs/SOL/2006, and the Country Operations Business Plan 2009-2011 at http://www.adb.org/Documents/CSPs/SOL/2008/COBP-SOL-2008.pdf.