Comoros: Statistical Appendix

International Monetary Fund

doi:10.5089/9781451809060.002.A001

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Comoros

Statistical Appendix

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International Monetary Fund

International Monetary Fund
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Publication Date:: 24 Mar 2004

eISBN:: 9781451809060

Language:: English

Keywords:: ISCR; CR; value; retail price; unit value; Comorian hydrocarbons company; net statement of public enterprises; advance tax payment; loan company; unit values of imports; Comorian ports establishment

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The statistical data on gross domestic product, cost structure of vanilla exports, production of meat, fish, and dairy products, consumer price index, and consolidated government financial operations of Comoros have been presented in this paper. The wage bill developments, consolidated net statement of public enterprises, monetary survey, summary statement of the central bank, volume and value of principal exports, geographical distribution of trade, external debt payments, arrears by creditors, and related economic indices have been included in the statistical data.

Abstract

Table 1.

Comoros: Gross Domestic Product by Sector at Current Market Prices, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Including import duties and taxes.

^{^2/}REB = real estate business, and STE = services to enterprises.

Table 1.

Comoros: Gross Domestic Product by Sector at Current Market Prices, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

Economic Activity	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Agriculture, livestock, fishing, and forestry	35,499	36,161	37,968	39,007	42,089	44,628	49,600
Manufacturing	3,614	3,681	3,865	3,971	4,285	4,543	5,050
Electricity, gas, and water	1,332	1,357	1,425	1,464	1,579	1,675	1,861
Construction and public works	5,422	5,523	5,799	5,958	6,428	6,816	7,576
Trade, hotels, bars, and restaurants ^1/	21,868	22,276	23,389	24,029	25,927	27,491	30,554
Banks, insurance, REB, and STE ^2/	3,743	3,813	4,003	4,113	4,438	4,706	5,230
Transportation and communications	4,602	4,688	4,922	5,057	5,456	5,785	6,430
Government departments	12,418	12,650	13,282	13,645	14,723	15,611	17,351
Other services	479	488	512	526	568	602	669
Less: imputed banking production	2,165	2,205	2,316	2,379	2,567	2,722	3,025
GDP at market prices	86,812	88,432	92,849	95,391	102,927	109,136	121,296

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Including import duties and taxes.

^{^2/}REB = real estate business, and STE = services to enterprises.

Table 1.

Comoros: Gross Domestic Product by Sector at Current Market Prices, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

Economic Activity	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Agriculture, livestock, fishing, and forestry	35,499	36,161	37,968	39,007	42,089	44,628	49,600
Manufacturing	3,614	3,681	3,865	3,971	4,285	4,543	5,050
Electricity, gas, and water	1,332	1,357	1,425	1,464	1,579	1,675	1,861
Construction and public works	5,422	5,523	5,799	5,958	6,428	6,816	7,576
Trade, hotels, bars, and restaurants ^1/	21,868	22,276	23,389	24,029	25,927	27,491	30,554
Banks, insurance, REB, and STE ^2/	3,743	3,813	4,003	4,113	4,438	4,706	5,230
Transportation and communications	4,602	4,688	4,922	5,057	5,456	5,785	6,430
Government departments	12,418	12,650	13,282	13,645	14,723	15,611	17,351
Other services	479	488	512	526	568	602	669
Less: imputed banking production	2,165	2,205	2,316	2,379	2,567	2,722	3,025
GDP at market prices	86,812	88,432	92,849	95,391	102,927	109,136	121,296

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Including import duties and taxes.

^{^2/}REB = real estate business, and STE = services to enterprises.

Table 2.

Comoros: Gross Domestic Product by Sector at 1990 Constant Prices, 1995-2001

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Including import duties and taxes.

^{^2/}REB = real estate business, and STE = services to enterprises.

Table 2.

Comoros: Gross Domestic Product by Sector at 1990 Constant Prices, 1995-2001

Economic Activity	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
	(In millions of Comorian francs)
Agriculture, livestock, fishing, and forestry	28,713	28,651	30,913	30,931	32,294	37,239	38,543
Manufacturing	3,344	3,142	3,163	3,076	3,076	3,477	3,594
Electricity, gas, and water	963	927	475	947	1,140	1,237	1,237
Construction and public works	4,662	4,604	4,605	4,567	4,622	5,899	6,135
Trade, hotels, bars, and restaurants ^1/	18,765	18,338	19,142	19,116	18,945	15,526	14,827
Banks, insurance, REB, and STE ^2/	3,293	3,268	3,255	3,255	3,287	4,647	5,119
Transportation and communications	2,993	2,993	3,038	2,993	3,023	2,986	2,986
Government departments	9,376	9,133	9,090	9,454	9,209	8,817	8,818
Other services	361	336	398	336	339	134	134
Less: imputed banking production	1,811	1,680	1,428	1,187	1,033	5,901	5,888
GDP at market prices	70,659	69,712	72,651	73,488	74,902	74,058	75,502
	(Annual percentage change)
Agriculture, livestock, fishing, and forestry	9.6	-02	7.9	0.1	4.4	15.3	3.5
Manufacturing	8.2	-6.0	0.7	-2.8	0.0	13.0	3.4
Electricity, gas, and water	5.4	-3.7	-48.8	99.4	20.4	8.5	0.0
Construction and public works	9.8	-1.2	0.0	-0.8	1.2	27.6	4.0
Trade, hotels, bars, and restaurants ^1/	9.3	-2.3	4.4	-0.1	-0.9	-18.0	-4.5
Banks, insurance, REB, and STE ^2/	2.9	-0.8	-0.4	0.0	1.0	41.4	10.2
Transportation and communications	9.9	0.0	1.5	-1.5	1.0	-1.2	0.0
Government departments	8.3	-2.6	-0.5	4.0	-2.6	-4.3	0.0
Other services	8.7	-6.9	18.4	-15.5	0.9	-60.4	0.0
Imputed banking production	9.1	-7.2	-15.0	-16.9	-13.0	471.2	-0.2
GDP at market prices	3.6	-1.3	4.2	1.2	1.9	-1.1	1.9

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Including import duties and taxes.

^{^2/}REB = real estate business, and STE = services to enterprises.

Table 2.

Comoros: Gross Domestic Product by Sector at 1990 Constant Prices, 1995-2001

Economic Activity	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
	(In millions of Comorian francs)
Agriculture, livestock, fishing, and forestry	28,713	28,651	30,913	30,931	32,294	37,239	38,543
Manufacturing	3,344	3,142	3,163	3,076	3,076	3,477	3,594
Electricity, gas, and water	963	927	475	947	1,140	1,237	1,237
Construction and public works	4,662	4,604	4,605	4,567	4,622	5,899	6,135
Trade, hotels, bars, and restaurants ^1/	18,765	18,338	19,142	19,116	18,945	15,526	14,827
Banks, insurance, REB, and STE ^2/	3,293	3,268	3,255	3,255	3,287	4,647	5,119
Transportation and communications	2,993	2,993	3,038	2,993	3,023	2,986	2,986
Government departments	9,376	9,133	9,090	9,454	9,209	8,817	8,818
Other services	361	336	398	336	339	134	134
Less: imputed banking production	1,811	1,680	1,428	1,187	1,033	5,901	5,888
GDP at market prices	70,659	69,712	72,651	73,488	74,902	74,058	75,502
	(Annual percentage change)
Agriculture, livestock, fishing, and forestry	9.6	-02	7.9	0.1	4.4	15.3	3.5
Manufacturing	8.2	-6.0	0.7	-2.8	0.0	13.0	3.4
Electricity, gas, and water	5.4	-3.7	-48.8	99.4	20.4	8.5	0.0
Construction and public works	9.8	-1.2	0.0	-0.8	1.2	27.6	4.0
Trade, hotels, bars, and restaurants ^1/	9.3	-2.3	4.4	-0.1	-0.9	-18.0	-4.5
Banks, insurance, REB, and STE ^2/	2.9	-0.8	-0.4	0.0	1.0	41.4	10.2
Transportation and communications	9.9	0.0	1.5	-1.5	1.0	-1.2	0.0
Government departments	8.3	-2.6	-0.5	4.0	-2.6	-4.3	0.0
Other services	8.7	-6.9	18.4	-15.5	0.9	-60.4	0.0
Imputed banking production	9.1	-7.2	-15.0	-16.9	-13.0	471.2	-0.2
GDP at market prices	3.6	-1.3	4.2	1.2	1.9	-1.1	1.9

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Including import duties and taxes.

^{^2/}REB = real estate business, and STE = services to enterprises.

Table 3.

Comoros: Source and Use of Resources at Current Market Prices, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

Table 3.

Comoros: Source and Use of Resources at Current Market Prices, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Public consumption	19,338	16,800	16,360	14,971	15,072	14,495	16,402
Private consumption	72,116	74,849	84,876	84,905	93,760	96,177	105,119
Gross fixed capital formation	13,480	12,058	12,414	14,048	12,256	11,257	12,899
Change in stocks	3,411	5,116	2,300	3,063	3,120	3,000	3,000
Exports of goods and services	17,157	16,204	16,845	11,394	13,576	16,382	19,054
Imports of goods and services	(38,689)	(36,594)	(39,946)	(32,990)	(34,857)	(32,175)	(35,179)
GDP at market prices	86,812	88,432	92,849	95,391	102,927	109,136	121,296
Factor income	381	140	102	(163)	93	178	1,235
Gross national product	87,193	88,572	92,951	95,228	103,020	109,314	122,531

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

Table 3.

Comoros: Source and Use of Resources at Current Market Prices, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Public consumption	19,338	16,800	16,360	14,971	15,072	14,495	16,402
Private consumption	72,116	74,849	84,876	84,905	93,760	96,177	105,119
Gross fixed capital formation	13,480	12,058	12,414	14,048	12,256	11,257	12,899
Change in stocks	3,411	5,116	2,300	3,063	3,120	3,000	3,000
Exports of goods and services	17,157	16,204	16,845	11,394	13,576	16,382	19,054
Imports of goods and services	(38,689)	(36,594)	(39,946)	(32,990)	(34,857)	(32,175)	(35,179)
GDP at market prices	86,812	88,432	92,849	95,391	102,927	109,136	121,296
Factor income	381	140	102	(163)	93	178	1,235
Gross national product	87,193	88,572	92,951	95,228	103,020	109,314	122,531

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

Table 4.

Comoros: Source and Use of Resources at 1990 Constant Prices, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

Table 4.

Comoros: Source and Use of Resources at 1990 Constant Prices, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Public consumption	19,338	16,712	16,147	15,258	14,941	14,569	16,056
Private consumption	72,116	71,673	82,801	83,086	88,468	84,494	84,425
Gross fixed capital formation	13,480	12,261	11,923	13,115	10,473	9,396	10,453
Change in stocks	3,411	5,036	2,192	2,919	2,796	2,608	2,406
Exports of goods and services	17,157	16,345	16,937	11,866	13,073	15,738	17,422
Imports of goods and services	(38,689)	(36,378)	(40,741)	(35,957)	(37,727)	(35,817)	(37,999)
GDP at market prices	86,812	85,648	89,259	90,288	92,025	90,988	92,762
Factor income	381	135	99	(161)	88	159	1,021
Gross national product	87,193	85,783	89,359	90,127	92,114	91,147	93,783

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

Table 4.

Comoros: Source and Use of Resources at 1990 Constant Prices, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Public consumption	19,338	16,712	16,147	15,258	14,941	14,569	16,056
Private consumption	72,116	71,673	82,801	83,086	88,468	84,494	84,425
Gross fixed capital formation	13,480	12,261	11,923	13,115	10,473	9,396	10,453
Change in stocks	3,411	5,036	2,192	2,919	2,796	2,608	2,406
Exports of goods and services	17,157	16,345	16,937	11,866	13,073	15,738	17,422
Imports of goods and services	(38,689)	(36,378)	(40,741)	(35,957)	(37,727)	(35,817)	(37,999)
GDP at market prices	86,812	85,648	89,259	90,288	92,025	90,988	92,762
Factor income	381	135	99	(161)	88	159	1,021
Gross national product	87,193	85,783	89,359	90,127	92,114	91,147	93,783

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

Table 5.

Comoros: Food Crop Production, 1995-2001

(In metric tons, unless otherwise indicated)

Source: Directorate of Agriculture, Ministry of Agricultural Production, Marine Resources, and Environment.

Table 5.

Comoros: Food Crop Production, 1995-2001

(In metric tons, unless otherwise indicated)

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Cereals
	Paddy	3,000	3,000	2,965	2,960	2,960	2,955	2,945
	Maize	3,709	3,700	2,695	2,690	2,690	2,685	3,812
Tubers
	Cassava	49,000	49,700	50,396	51,100	51,820	52,540	54,128
	Taro	8,102	8,300	8,499	8,700	8,910	9,125	8,982
	Yams	3,434	3,500	3,567	3,635	3,700	3,770	3,813
	Sweet potatoes	1,355	1,390	1,426	1,460	1,495	1,530	1,524
Legumes
	Ambrevade beans	7,387	7,600	7,820	8,045	8,275	8,515	8,374
	Ambérique beans	276	280	284	288	290	295	315
	Tomatoes	423	430	437	445	455	465	491
	Potatoes	292	300	308	315	325	335	343
	Peanuts	769	790	811	835	860	885	840
	Onions	142	150	158	165	175	185	190
	Miscellaneous	1,116	1,190	1,269	1,340	1,430	1,525	1,284
Fruits
	Bananas	55,969	57,000	58,026	59,070	60,130	61,210	60,003
	Coconuts (thousands)	70,636	72,500	74,385	76,320	78,304	80,340	75,451
	Miscellaneous	3,050	3,100	3,150	3,200	3,250	3,300	3,354

Source: Directorate of Agriculture, Ministry of Agricultural Production, Marine Resources, and Environment.

Table 5.

Comoros: Food Crop Production, 1995-2001

(In metric tons, unless otherwise indicated)

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Cereals
	Paddy	3,000	3,000	2,965	2,960	2,960	2,955	2,945
	Maize	3,709	3,700	2,695	2,690	2,690	2,685	3,812
Tubers
	Cassava	49,000	49,700	50,396	51,100	51,820	52,540	54,128
	Taro	8,102	8,300	8,499	8,700	8,910	9,125	8,982
	Yams	3,434	3,500	3,567	3,635	3,700	3,770	3,813
	Sweet potatoes	1,355	1,390	1,426	1,460	1,495	1,530	1,524
Legumes
	Ambrevade beans	7,387	7,600	7,820	8,045	8,275	8,515	8,374
	Ambérique beans	276	280	284	288	290	295	315
	Tomatoes	423	430	437	445	455	465	491
	Potatoes	292	300	308	315	325	335	343
	Peanuts	769	790	811	835	860	885	840
	Onions	142	150	158	165	175	185	190
	Miscellaneous	1,116	1,190	1,269	1,340	1,430	1,525	1,284
Fruits
	Bananas	55,969	57,000	58,026	59,070	60,130	61,210	60,003
	Coconuts (thousands)	70,636	72,500	74,385	76,320	78,304	80,340	75,451
	Miscellaneous	3,050	3,100	3,150	3,200	3,250	3,300	3,354

Source: Directorate of Agriculture, Ministry of Agricultural Production, Marine Resources, and Environment.

Table 6.

Comoros: Livestock, 1995-2001

(In number of head)

Source: Directorate of Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural Production, Marine Resources, and Environment.

Table 6.

Comoros: Livestock, 1995-2001

(In number of head)

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Cattle		43,200	43,300	48,200	49,500	50,000	50,000	50,000
Sheep		19,000	19,500	18,900	19,100	20,000	20,000	20,000
Goats		172,000	174,500	119,110	140,600	170,000	170,000	170,000
Poultry		162,000	164,000	184,600	184,600	207,700	207,700	235,050
Semi-industrial aviculture
	Meat	11,000	11,500	18,000	18,000	41,000	41,000	60,000
	Eggs	5,000	5,100	6,500	6,500	6,600	6,600	15,000

Source: Directorate of Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural Production, Marine Resources, and Environment.

Table 6.

Comoros: Livestock, 1995-2001

(In number of head)

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Cattle		43,200	43,300	48,200	49,500	50,000	50,000	50,000
Sheep		19,000	19,500	18,900	19,100	20,000	20,000	20,000
Goats		172,000	174,500	119,110	140,600	170,000	170,000	170,000
Poultry		162,000	164,000	184,600	184,600	207,700	207,700	235,050
Semi-industrial aviculture
	Meat	11,000	11,500	18,000	18,000	41,000	41,000	60,000
	Eggs	5,000	5,100	6,500	6,500	6,600	6,600	15,000

Source: Directorate of Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural Production, Marine Resources, and Environment.

Table 7.

Comoros: Production of Meat, Fish, and Dairy Products, 1995-2001

Source: Directorate of Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural Production, Marine Resources, and Environment.

Table 7.

Comoros: Production of Meat, Fish, and Dairy Products, 1995-2001

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Meat and fish (in metric tons)
	Cattle	603	828	846	1,053	1,260	1,660	1,660
	Sheep and goats	210	215	219	253	314	314	340
	Poultry	190	191	189	190	190	192	…
	Fresh fish	12,766	13,146	12,956	13,330	13,430	13,730	14,809
Miscellaneous
	Milk (in thousands of liters)	970	980	990	995	1,005	1,015	…
	Eggs (in thousands)	8,450	8,450	8,450	8,450	8,580	13,000	…

Source: Directorate of Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural Production, Marine Resources, and Environment.

Table 7.

Comoros: Production of Meat, Fish, and Dairy Products, 1995-2001

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Meat and fish (in metric tons)
	Cattle	603	828	846	1,053	1,260	1,660	1,660
	Sheep and goats	210	215	219	253	314	314	340
	Poultry	190	191	189	190	190	192	…
	Fresh fish	12,766	13,146	12,956	13,330	13,430	13,730	14,809
Miscellaneous
	Milk (in thousands of liters)	970	980	990	995	1,005	1,015	…
	Eggs (in thousands)	8,450	8,450	8,450	8,450	8,580	13,000	…

Source: Directorate of Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural Production, Marine Resources, and Environment.

Table 8.

Comoros: Export Crop Production, 1995-2001

(In metric tons, unless otherwise indicated)

Sources: Comorian Office of Vanilla; and Directorate of Projects, Ministry of Agricultural Production, Marine Resources, and Environment.

^{^1/}In 2000, includes only the production of Grande Comore and Moheli.

^{^2/}Conversion rate for ylang-ylang: 1:53 essence-to-flowers ratio.

Table 8.

Comoros: Export Crop Production, 1995-2001

(In metric tons, unless otherwise indicated)

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Vanilla (green)		600	625	815	943	600	685	…
								…
Cloves ^1/		500	884	1,965	2,010	3,210	3,884	…
Clove buds ^1/		420	1500	1,707	1,700	2,500	714	…
Ylang-ylang ^2/
	Flowers (units) ^1/	3,180	2,650	2,491	3,551	2,650	525	…
	Essence ^1/	60	50	47	67	50	10	…

Sources: Comorian Office of Vanilla; and Directorate of Projects, Ministry of Agricultural Production, Marine Resources, and Environment.

^{^1/}In 2000, includes only the production of Grande Comore and Moheli.

^{^2/}Conversion rate for ylang-ylang: 1:53 essence-to-flowers ratio.

Table 8.

Comoros: Export Crop Production, 1995-2001

(In metric tons, unless otherwise indicated)

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Vanilla (green)		600	625	815	943	600	685	…
								…
Cloves ^1/		500	884	1,965	2,010	3,210	3,884	…
Clove buds ^1/		420	1500	1,707	1,700	2,500	714	…
Ylang-ylang ^2/
	Flowers (units) ^1/	3,180	2,650	2,491	3,551	2,650	525	…
	Essence ^1/	60	50	47	67	50	10	…

Sources: Comorian Office of Vanilla; and Directorate of Projects, Ministry of Agricultural Production, Marine Resources, and Environment.

^{^1/}In 2000, includes only the production of Grande Comore and Moheli.

^{^2/}Conversion rate for ylang-ylang: 1:53 essence-to-flowers ratio.

Table 9.

Comoros: Prices of Export Crops, 1995-2001

(In Comorian francs per kilogram)

Sources: Comorian Office of Vanilla; and General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}The yield from 5 kilograms of green vanilla is about 1 kilogram of dried vanilla.

^{^2/}Floor prices.

Table 9.

Comoros: Prices of Export Crops, 1995-2001

(In Comorian francs per kilogram)

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Vanilla ^1/
	Producer price (green vanilla) ^2/	1,350	1,250	750	1,000	1,250	2,000-2,500	125,000
	Export price, f.o.b. (dried vanilla)	15,085	11,325	6,819	8,015	9,973	25,818	50,000
Ylang-ylang
	Producer price (flowers)	110	75-100	75-100	100-125	150	217	264
	Export price, f.o.b. (essence)	19,700	18,160	16,884	14,195	14,075	22,175	25,330
Cloves
	Producer price	190	75-100	150-200	225-275	1,000-1,250	900-1,200	1,089
	Export price, f.o.b.	276	255	227	249	1,130	1,293	1,325

Sources: Comorian Office of Vanilla; and General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}The yield from 5 kilograms of green vanilla is about 1 kilogram of dried vanilla.

^{^2/}Floor prices.

Table 9.

Comoros: Prices of Export Crops, 1995-2001

(In Comorian francs per kilogram)

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Vanilla ^1/
	Producer price (green vanilla) ^2/	1,350	1,250	750	1,000	1,250	2,000-2,500	125,000
	Export price, f.o.b. (dried vanilla)	15,085	11,325	6,819	8,015	9,973	25,818	50,000
Ylang-ylang
	Producer price (flowers)	110	75-100	75-100	100-125	150	217	264
	Export price, f.o.b. (essence)	19,700	18,160	16,884	14,195	14,075	22,175	25,330
Cloves
	Producer price	190	75-100	150-200	225-275	1,000-1,250	900-1,200	1,089
	Export price, f.o.b.	276	255	227	249	1,130	1,293	1,325

Sources: Comorian Office of Vanilla; and General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}The yield from 5 kilograms of green vanilla is about 1 kilogram of dried vanilla.

^{^2/}Floor prices.

Table 10.

Comoros: Cost Structure of Vanilla Exports, 1995-2001

(In Comorian francs per kilogram of dried vanilla) ^1/

Sources: Comorian Office of Vanilla; and General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}The yield from 5 kilograms of green vanilla is about 1 kilogram of dried vanilla.

^{^2/}Equivalent dried vanilla.

^{^3/}From 1992, includes contributions to the Fonds de Solidarité Vanille.

Table 10.

Comoros: Cost Structure of Vanilla Exports, 1995-2001

(In Comorian francs per kilogram of dried vanilla) ^1/

Cost elements	1995	1996	1997 5/	1998 5/	1999	2000	2001
1. Producer price ^2/	6,250	2,500	…	…	6,250	18,750	…
2. Collection fees ^2/	500	250	…	…	500	500	…
3. Preparation of green vanilla	2,200	1,700	…	…	2,200	2,250	…
4. Financial and miscellaneous costs	1,916	1,262	…	…	1,377	1,889	…
5. Total ex-warehouse costs	10,866	5,712	…	…	10,327	23,389	…
6. Customs duties and other taxes ^3/	1,572	1,031	…	…	…	1,291	…
7. Transportation and insurance	131	80	…	…	105	168	…
8. Total f.o.b. cost at Moroni Port	12,569	6,823	…	…	10,432	24,848	…

Sources: Comorian Office of Vanilla; and General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}The yield from 5 kilograms of green vanilla is about 1 kilogram of dried vanilla.

^{^2/}Equivalent dried vanilla.

^{^3/}From 1992, includes contributions to the Fonds de Solidarité Vanille.

Table 10.

Comoros: Cost Structure of Vanilla Exports, 1995-2001

(In Comorian francs per kilogram of dried vanilla) ^1/

Cost elements	1995	1996	1997 5/	1998 5/	1999	2000	2001
1. Producer price ^2/	6,250	2,500	…	…	6,250	18,750	…
2. Collection fees ^2/	500	250	…	…	500	500	…
3. Preparation of green vanilla	2,200	1,700	…	…	2,200	2,250	…
4. Financial and miscellaneous costs	1,916	1,262	…	…	1,377	1,889	…
5. Total ex-warehouse costs	10,866	5,712	…	…	10,327	23,389	…
6. Customs duties and other taxes ^3/	1,572	1,031	…	…	…	1,291	…
7. Transportation and insurance	131	80	…	…	105	168	…
8. Total f.o.b. cost at Moroni Port	12,569	6,823	…	…	10,432	24,848	…

Sources: Comorian Office of Vanilla; and General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}The yield from 5 kilograms of green vanilla is about 1 kilogram of dried vanilla.

^{^2/}Equivalent dried vanilla.

^{^3/}From 1992, includes contributions to the Fonds de Solidarité Vanille.

Table 11.

Comoros: Production and Consumption of Electricity, 1995-2001

Source: Electricity and water company (CEE).

^{^1/}The difference between production and consumption reflects power losses and fraud.

^{^2/}In 1997, strong disruptions at establishment level (long and frequent power cuts) prevented the production of data on consumption.

Table 11.

Comoros: Production and Consumption of Electricity, 1995-2001

		1995	1996	1997 3/	1998	1999	2000	2001
Production (in millions of kilowatt/hours) ^1/		32.0	30.9	12.3	29.0	34.9	35.0	32.0
Consumption (in millions of kilowatt/hours) ^1/		22.9	21.4	…	18.0	22.0	18.0	30.0
Installed capacity (in megawatts)		9.5	9.8	…	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7
Anjouan		2.0	2.0	…	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
	Ntrenani ^2/	1.9	1.9	…	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
	Domoni	…	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Dima	0.1	0.0	…	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohéli		0.8	0.8	…	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grande Comore		6.7	7.0	…	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7
	Foumbouni et M’Beni	0.4	0.6	…	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
	Voidjou	6.0	6.0	…	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
	Ouzioini	0.1	0.2	…	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4
	Dembéni	0.2	0.2	…	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3

Source: Electricity and water company (CEE).

^{^1/}The difference between production and consumption reflects power losses and fraud.

^{^2/}In 1997, strong disruptions at establishment level (long and frequent power cuts) prevented the production of data on consumption.

Table 11.

Comoros: Production and Consumption of Electricity, 1995-2001

		1995	1996	1997 3/	1998	1999	2000	2001
Production (in millions of kilowatt/hours) ^1/		32.0	30.9	12.3	29.0	34.9	35.0	32.0
Consumption (in millions of kilowatt/hours) ^1/		22.9	21.4	…	18.0	22.0	18.0	30.0
Installed capacity (in megawatts)		9.5	9.8	…	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7
Anjouan		2.0	2.0	…	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
	Ntrenani ^2/	1.9	1.9	…	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
	Domoni	…	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Dima	0.1	0.0	…	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohéli		0.8	0.8	…	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grande Comore		6.7	7.0	…	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7
	Foumbouni et M’Beni	0.4	0.6	…	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
	Voidjou	6.0	6.0	…	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
	Ouzioini	0.1	0.2	…	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4
	Dembéni	0.2	0.2	…	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3

Source: Electricity and water company (CEE).

^{^1/}The difference between production and consumption reflects power losses and fraud.

^{^2/}In 1997, strong disruptions at establishment level (long and frequent power cuts) prevented the production of data on consumption.

Table 12.

Comoros: Indicators of Tourism Activity, 1995-2001

Source: General Directorate of Tourism, Ministry of Transportation and Tourism.

^{^1/}No official data have been provided by the Galawa Hotel.

^{^2/}Includes the Ylang-Ylang, Coelacantine, and Al Amal hotels.

^{^3/}The Sun Resorts Group includes the Galawa, Maloudja, and Itsandra hotels.

^{^4/}Includes the Kartala, and, since 1986, the Relais de Singali hotels.

Table 12.

Comoros: Indicators of Tourism Activity, 1995-2001

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Tourist accommodation available ^1/ (number of beds)			615.0	715.0	766.0	766.0	780.0	820.0	…
Number of visitors			22,838	23,775	26,219	27,474	24,479	24,479	…
By origin (in percent of total)
	Europe		62.0	44.7	52.0	51.3	49.0	35.9	…
		Of which: France	41.4	33.6	30.0	22.6	30.8	29.4	…
	Africa and Indian Ocean		34.8	47.8	41.0	39.0	44.0	66.2	…
		Of which: South Africa	28.6	33.6	36.0	24.8	33.0	62.6	…
	Other countries		3.2	7.6	7.0	9.7	7.0	3.2	…
		Of which: Gulf states	…	6.1	2.0	3.5	4.0	1.6	…
Visitor overnights			130,600	127,200	209,752	219,792	195,832	161,251	…
	COMOTEL ^2/		…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	Galawa ^3/		103,200	99,200	167,801	176,833	156,665	133,801	…
	Other ^4/		27,400	28,000	41,951	43,959	39,167	33,450	…
Average length of stay
	(in days)		9.0	9.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	…
	COMOTEL		10.0	10.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	…
	Galawa		8.0	8.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	…
Average room occupancy rate (in percent)			74.5	91.0	60.0	71.0	70.0	50.0	…
	COMOTEL		24.5	31.0	15.0	23.0	17.0	20.0	…
	Galawa		70.0	64.0	65.0	48.0	53.0	30.0	…
Turnover
	(in billions of Comorian francs)		3.6	3.5	9.5	8.3	11.4	3.5	…
	COMOTEL		0.5	0.4	1.9	1.7	2.3	0.7	…
	Galawa		3.1	3.1	7.6	6.6	9.1	2.8	…

Source: General Directorate of Tourism, Ministry of Transportation and Tourism.

^{^1/}No official data have been provided by the Galawa Hotel.

^{^2/}Includes the Ylang-Ylang, Coelacantine, and Al Amal hotels.

^{^3/}The Sun Resorts Group includes the Galawa, Maloudja, and Itsandra hotels.

^{^4/}Includes the Kartala, and, since 1986, the Relais de Singali hotels.

Table 12.

Comoros: Indicators of Tourism Activity, 1995-2001

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Tourist accommodation available ^1/ (number of beds)			615.0	715.0	766.0	766.0	780.0	820.0	…
Number of visitors			22,838	23,775	26,219	27,474	24,479	24,479	…
By origin (in percent of total)
	Europe		62.0	44.7	52.0	51.3	49.0	35.9	…
		Of which: France	41.4	33.6	30.0	22.6	30.8	29.4	…
	Africa and Indian Ocean		34.8	47.8	41.0	39.0	44.0	66.2	…
		Of which: South Africa	28.6	33.6	36.0	24.8	33.0	62.6	…
	Other countries		3.2	7.6	7.0	9.7	7.0	3.2	…
		Of which: Gulf states	…	6.1	2.0	3.5	4.0	1.6	…
Visitor overnights			130,600	127,200	209,752	219,792	195,832	161,251	…
	COMOTEL ^2/		…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	Galawa ^3/		103,200	99,200	167,801	176,833	156,665	133,801	…
	Other ^4/		27,400	28,000	41,951	43,959	39,167	33,450	…
Average length of stay
	(in days)		9.0	9.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	…
	COMOTEL		10.0	10.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	…
	Galawa		8.0	8.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	…
Average room occupancy rate (in percent)			74.5	91.0	60.0	71.0	70.0	50.0	…
	COMOTEL		24.5	31.0	15.0	23.0	17.0	20.0	…
	Galawa		70.0	64.0	65.0	48.0	53.0	30.0	…
Turnover
	(in billions of Comorian francs)		3.6	3.5	9.5	8.3	11.4	3.5	…
	COMOTEL		0.5	0.4	1.9	1.7	2.3	0.7	…
	Galawa		3.1	3.1	7.6	6.6	9.1	2.8	…

Source: General Directorate of Tourism, Ministry of Transportation and Tourism.

^{^1/}No official data have been provided by the Galawa Hotel.

^{^2/}Includes the Ylang-Ylang, Coelacantine, and Al Amal hotels.

^{^3/}The Sun Resorts Group includes the Galawa, Maloudja, and Itsandra hotels.

^{^4/}Includes the Kartala, and, since 1986, the Relais de Singali hotels.

Table 13.

Comoros: Indicators of Population, Employment, and Education, 1995-2001

Source: Directorate of Statistics; Ministry of Health, Social Affairs, and Education.

^{^1/}For education, the 1999 data correspond to school-year 1998/99. The data for 1999/2000 and 2000/01 are not available.

^{^2/}Includes the training school for teachers.

Table 13.

Comoros: Indicators of Population, Employment, and Education, 1995-2001

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Population and employment
	Total population (in thousands)		497.0	506.7	517.3	527.9	538.5	549.3	…
	Labor force (in thousands)		140.7	144.5	146.9	149.9	152.9	156.0	…
		Of which: wage earners	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	Unemployed (in thousands)		28.0	29.0	30.0	30.0	31.0	31.2	…
	Unemployed (in percent of labor force)		19.9	20.1	20.4	20.0	20.3	20.0	…
Education (number of pupils)
	Primary enrollment		78,527	…	…	…	82,789	…	…
		Public	31,916	…	…	…	72,522	…	…
		Private	46,611	…	…	…	10,267	…	…
	Secondary enrollment		21,192	…	…	…	28,718	…	…
	Vocational schools ^1/		437	…	…	…	232	…	…
	Higher education ^2/		1,101	…	…	…	649	…	…

Source: Directorate of Statistics; Ministry of Health, Social Affairs, and Education.

^{^1/}For education, the 1999 data correspond to school-year 1998/99. The data for 1999/2000 and 2000/01 are not available.

^{^2/}Includes the training school for teachers.

Table 13.

Comoros: Indicators of Population, Employment, and Education, 1995-2001

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Population and employment
	Total population (in thousands)		497.0	506.7	517.3	527.9	538.5	549.3	…
	Labor force (in thousands)		140.7	144.5	146.9	149.9	152.9	156.0	…
		Of which: wage earners	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	Unemployed (in thousands)		28.0	29.0	30.0	30.0	31.0	31.2	…
	Unemployed (in percent of labor force)		19.9	20.1	20.4	20.0	20.3	20.0	…
Education (number of pupils)
	Primary enrollment		78,527	…	…	…	82,789	…	…
		Public	31,916	…	…	…	72,522	…	…
		Private	46,611	…	…	…	10,267	…	…
	Secondary enrollment		21,192	…	…	…	28,718	…	…
	Vocational schools ^1/		437	…	…	…	232	…	…
	Higher education ^2/		1,101	…	…	…	649	…	…

Source: Directorate of Statistics; Ministry of Health, Social Affairs, and Education.

^{^1/}For education, the 1999 data correspond to school-year 1998/99. The data for 1999/2000 and 2000/01 are not available.

^{^2/}Includes the training school for teachers.

Table 14.

Comoros: Consumer Price Index, 1995-99 ^1/

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}For Moroni only

^{^2/}Imports from the members of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf in 1995.

^{^3/}Sharp increase in spice prices in 1995.

^{^4/}Introduction of generic medicines in 1995.

Table 14.

Comoros: Consumer Price Index, 1995-99 ^1/

			Weight	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999
Foodstuffs and tobacco			71.4	133.2	135.1	139.2	139.1	147.5
	Cereals and starches		21.2	150.8	139.6	145.7	145.4	146.9
	Fruits and vegetables		12.0	133.9	121.1	136.9	128.8	159.2
	Milk and fats ^2/		7.7	95.2	122.8	126.5	133.5	143.2
	Meat and fish		17.9	110.3	132.8	129.2	130.8	137.8
	Groceries ^3/		8.5	173.6	160.0	145.7	145.6	142.9
	Tobacco and cigarettes		4.1	127.9	134.2	167.1	170.4	175.9
Other products			28.6	129.6	136.2	132.7	138.8	123.0
	Clothing		11.6	146.3	162.2	163.1	159.0	124.0
	Energy		3.8	116.4	115.0	111.0	121.9	122.7
	Household capital goods		3.0	150.9	143.2	110.4	141.6	130.8
	Health care ^4/		3.2	53.8	58.2	50.6	81.3	82.7
	Transportation		2.2	143.2	129.6	141.3	163.0	140.7
	Education and leisure		2.5	147.2	144.6	135.9	109.0	137.4
	Rent		2.3	121.7	136.3	147.5	151.4	131.7
		Total	100.0	132.2	135.4	137.4	139.0	140.5
			(Annual change in percent)
Memorandum item:
	Consumer price index		…	…	2.4	1.5	1.2	1.1

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}For Moroni only

^{^2/}Imports from the members of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf in 1995.

^{^3/}Sharp increase in spice prices in 1995.

^{^4/}Introduction of generic medicines in 1995.

Table 14.

Comoros: Consumer Price Index, 1995-99 ^1/

			Weight	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999
Foodstuffs and tobacco			71.4	133.2	135.1	139.2	139.1	147.5
	Cereals and starches		21.2	150.8	139.6	145.7	145.4	146.9
	Fruits and vegetables		12.0	133.9	121.1	136.9	128.8	159.2
	Milk and fats ^2/		7.7	95.2	122.8	126.5	133.5	143.2
	Meat and fish		17.9	110.3	132.8	129.2	130.8	137.8
	Groceries ^3/		8.5	173.6	160.0	145.7	145.6	142.9
	Tobacco and cigarettes		4.1	127.9	134.2	167.1	170.4	175.9
Other products			28.6	129.6	136.2	132.7	138.8	123.0
	Clothing		11.6	146.3	162.2	163.1	159.0	124.0
	Energy		3.8	116.4	115.0	111.0	121.9	122.7
	Household capital goods		3.0	150.9	143.2	110.4	141.6	130.8
	Health care ^4/		3.2	53.8	58.2	50.6	81.3	82.7
	Transportation		2.2	143.2	129.6	141.3	163.0	140.7
	Education and leisure		2.5	147.2	144.6	135.9	109.0	137.4
	Rent		2.3	121.7	136.3	147.5	151.4	131.7
		Total	100.0	132.2	135.4	137.4	139.0	140.5
			(Annual change in percent)
Memorandum item:
	Consumer price index		…	…	2.4	1.5	1.2	1.1

Sources: Directorate of Statistics; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}For Moroni only

^{^2/}Imports from the members of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf in 1995.

^{^3/}Sharp increase in spice prices in 1995.

^{^4/}Introduction of generic medicines in 1995.

Table 15.

Comoros: Consumer Price Index, 1999-2001 ^1/

Source: Directorate of Statistics.

^{^1/}Consumer Price Index prior to 2000 not available due to change in the consumption basket in 2000.

Table 15.

Comoros: Consumer Price Index, 1999-2001 ^1/

			Weight	1999	2000	2001
Foodstuffs, drinks and tobacco			6,803	100.0	102.7	110.5
	Of which
	Unprocessed cereals		11	100.0	103.5	103.8
	Flours, and semolina		1	100.0	101.2	111.8
	Meat		9	100.0	95.2	99.8
	Fish		10	100.0	102.5	105.4
	Milk and dairy products		5	100.0	104.7	104.9
	Edible oils		3	100.0	98.5	86.9
	Fruits		3	100.0	86.2	77.3
	Vegetables		6	100.0	107.0	123.3
	Potatoes, manioc, other tubercules		8	100.0	99.2	129.1
Clothing and footware			470	100.0	103.6	95.5
Rent, water, electricity, gas and other combustibles			1,552	100.0	110.9	122.3
	Of which
		Other combustibles	264	100.0	130.4	163.5
Furniture, and electric appliances			208	100.0	129.3	120.9
Health care			135	100.0	94.1	116.5
Transportation			246	100.0	94.8	122.5
Entertainment			14	100.0	98.5	95.1
Education			423	100.0	105.3	110.5
Hotels, coffee shops and restaurants			6	100.0	124.4	152.4
Other good and services			143	100.0	115.3	106.4
		Total	10,000	100.0	104.6	110.8
			(Annual percentage change)
Memorandum item:
	Consumer price index			…	4.6	5.9

Source: Directorate of Statistics.

^{^1/}Consumer Price Index prior to 2000 not available due to change in the consumption basket in 2000.

Table 15.

Comoros: Consumer Price Index, 1999-2001 ^1/

			Weight	1999	2000	2001
Foodstuffs, drinks and tobacco			6,803	100.0	102.7	110.5
	Of which
	Unprocessed cereals		11	100.0	103.5	103.8
	Flours, and semolina		1	100.0	101.2	111.8
	Meat		9	100.0	95.2	99.8
	Fish		10	100.0	102.5	105.4
	Milk and dairy products		5	100.0	104.7	104.9
	Edible oils		3	100.0	98.5	86.9
	Fruits		3	100.0	86.2	77.3
	Vegetables		6	100.0	107.0	123.3
	Potatoes, manioc, other tubercules		8	100.0	99.2	129.1
Clothing and footware			470	100.0	103.6	95.5
Rent, water, electricity, gas and other combustibles			1,552	100.0	110.9	122.3
	Of which
		Other combustibles	264	100.0	130.4	163.5
Furniture, and electric appliances			208	100.0	129.3	120.9
Health care			135	100.0	94.1	116.5
Transportation			246	100.0	94.8	122.5
Entertainment			14	100.0	98.5	95.1
Education			423	100.0	105.3	110.5
Hotels, coffee shops and restaurants			6	100.0	124.4	152.4
Other good and services			143	100.0	115.3	106.4
		Total	10,000	100.0	104.6	110.8
			(Annual percentage change)
Memorandum item:
	Consumer price index			…	4.6	5.9

Source: Directorate of Statistics.

^{^1/}Consumer Price Index prior to 2000 not available due to change in the consumption basket in 2000.

Table 16.

Comoros: Prices of Essential Goods, 1995-2000 ^1/

(In Comorian francs per unit, unless otherwise indicated)

Source: Directorate of Statistics.

^{^1/}Unit values of imports are calculated on the basis of imports, c.i.f.

^{^2/}Average retail price per liter at new stations.

^{^3/}The lower price is the tax-exempt price paid by the electricity and water company.

^{^4/}The higher price is for jet kerosene, sold only to civil aviation.

^{^5/}The rate imposed on households and the industries.

Table 16.

Comoros: Prices of Essential Goods, 1995-2000 ^1/

(In Comorian francs per unit, unless otherwise indicated)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Rice (keilogram)
	Unit value of imports		126	109	115	120	110	122	…
	Retail price		225	254	235	250	250	250	250
		Annual change (in percent)	0.0	12.9	-7.5	6.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
		Retail/import price	1.78	2.34	2.04	2.08	2.27	2.05	…
Sugar (keilogram)
	Unit value of imports		229	222	…	235	215	270	…
	Retail price		450	375	…	400	400	500	450
		Annual change (in percent)	0.0	-16.7	…	…	0.0	25.0	…
		Retail/import price	1.96	1.69	…	…	1.86	1.85	…
Flour (keilogram)
	Retail price		250	303	…	250	250	300	…
		Annual change (in percent)	0.0	21.2	…	…	0.0	20.0	…
Salt (keilogram)
	Retail price		90-100	150	150	150	150	150	150
Cement (metric tons)
	Unit value of imports		38,137	36,529	35,000	34,000	35,000	36,000	…
	Retail price		75,000	70,920	70,100	70,000	75,000	70,000	75,000
		Annual change (in percent)	15.4	-5.4	-1.2	-0.1	7.1	-6.7	…
		Retail/import price	1.97	1.94	2.00	2.06	2.14	1.94	…
Petroleum products (liters) ^2/
	Regular gasoline		325	325	360	360	390	390-450	2,250
	Diesel ^3/		125-295	125-295	205	230	230	230-250	250
	Kerosene ^4/		125-190	125-190	100	130	130	130-200	…
Electricity (kilowatt-hours) ^5/
	Retail price		100-110	100-110	…	110	110	120	…
Water (cubic meters)
	Retail price		205-220	205-220	…	200-220	200-250	200-250	220

Source: Directorate of Statistics.

^{^1/}Unit values of imports are calculated on the basis of imports, c.i.f.

^{^2/}Average retail price per liter at new stations.

^{^3/}The lower price is the tax-exempt price paid by the electricity and water company.

^{^4/}The higher price is for jet kerosene, sold only to civil aviation.

^{^5/}The rate imposed on households and the industries.

Table 16.

Comoros: Prices of Essential Goods, 1995-2000 ^1/

(In Comorian francs per unit, unless otherwise indicated)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Rice (keilogram)
	Unit value of imports		126	109	115	120	110	122	…
	Retail price		225	254	235	250	250	250	250
		Annual change (in percent)	0.0	12.9	-7.5	6.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
		Retail/import price	1.78	2.34	2.04	2.08	2.27	2.05	…
Sugar (keilogram)
	Unit value of imports		229	222	…	235	215	270	…
	Retail price		450	375	…	400	400	500	450
		Annual change (in percent)	0.0	-16.7	…	…	0.0	25.0	…
		Retail/import price	1.96	1.69	…	…	1.86	1.85	…
Flour (keilogram)
	Retail price		250	303	…	250	250	300	…
		Annual change (in percent)	0.0	21.2	…	…	0.0	20.0	…
Salt (keilogram)
	Retail price		90-100	150	150	150	150	150	150
Cement (metric tons)
	Unit value of imports		38,137	36,529	35,000	34,000	35,000	36,000	…
	Retail price		75,000	70,920	70,100	70,000	75,000	70,000	75,000
		Annual change (in percent)	15.4	-5.4	-1.2	-0.1	7.1	-6.7	…
		Retail/import price	1.97	1.94	2.00	2.06	2.14	1.94	…
Petroleum products (liters) ^2/
	Regular gasoline		325	325	360	360	390	390-450	2,250
	Diesel ^3/		125-295	125-295	205	230	230	230-250	250
	Kerosene ^4/		125-190	125-190	100	130	130	130-200	…
Electricity (kilowatt-hours) ^5/
	Retail price		100-110	100-110	…	110	110	120	…
Water (cubic meters)
	Retail price		205-220	205-220	…	200-220	200-250	200-250	220

Source: Directorate of Statistics.

^{^1/}Unit values of imports are calculated on the basis of imports, c.i.f.

^{^2/}Average retail price per liter at new stations.

^{^3/}The lower price is the tax-exempt price paid by the electricity and water company.

^{^4/}The higher price is for jet kerosene, sold only to civil aviation.

^{^5/}The rate imposed on households and the industries.

Table 17.

Comoros: Consolidated Government Financial Operations, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

Sources: Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Excluding Anjouan for the last quarter of 1998.

^{^2/}Excluding Anjouan.

^{^3/}Expenditure made minus payments made.

^{^4/}Financing with the BIC and Central Bank.

^{^5/}Mainly claims of enterprises on the Treasury.

Table 17.

Comoros: Consolidated Government Financial Operations, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

				1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
							Est. ^1/	Est. ^2/	Est. ^2/.	Prov. ^2/
Total revenue and grants				20,950	18,195	21,011	17,812	18,885	15,557	17,612
	Revenue			11,478	10,909	12,828	10,865	12,079	11,018	13,435
		Tax revenue		9,901	9,568	11,968	9,277	10,509	9,724	11,115
		Nontax revenue		1,577	1,341	860	1,588	1,570	1,294	2,320
	External grants			9,472	7,286	8,182	6,947	6,806	4,539	4,177
		Budgetary assistance		793	1,380	250	…	…	…	332
		Project and technical assistance financing		8,679	5,906	7,932	6,947	6,359	4,513	3,689
		Other nonbudgetary aid		…	…	…	…	447	26	156
Total expenditure and net lending				27,310	23,353	23,076	21,038	19,669	17,614	22,441
	Current expenditure			21,765	18,239	17,512	13,648	14,138	13,493	17,227
		Budgetary		15,977	13,873	13,012	11,886	13,055	12,066	14,008
			Wages and salaries	7,728	8,285	8,553	7,190	6,430	6,093	6,319
			Goods and services	6,110	4,149	3,307	3,121	4,642	4,169	5,018
			Transfers	1,327	662	265	615	1,033	844	1,326
			Interest payments	812	777	887	960	950	960	1,345
		Technical assistance ^3/		5,500	4,366	4,500	1,762	1,083	1,427	896
	Capital expenditure			5,545	5,115	5,564	7,390	5,531	4,157	5,250
		Budgetary		475	703	400	360	192	130	461
		Financed externally		5,070	4,411	5,164	7,030	5,339	4,027	4,789
	Net lending			…	…	…	…	…	-35	-36
Overall balance (payment order)				-6,359	-5,159	-2,065	-3,226	-784	-2,057	-4,829
	Excluding grants			-15,831	-12,444	-10,247	-10,173	-7,590	-6,596	-9,005
Change in net arrears				2,903	2,755	404	2,677	624	1,965	2,100
	Interest on external debt			630	590	122	887	534	551	916
	Domestic arrears			2,273	2,166	281	1,790	90	1,413	1,184
Others (unidentified residuals)				…	…	…	-3,191	495	395	…
Overall balance (cash basis)				-3,456	-2,403	-1,661	-3,740	336	302	-2,729
Financing				3,456	2,403	1,661	3,740	-336	-302	2,729
	Foreign (net)			2,961	2,536	1,695	1,593	-504	108	4,603
		Drawings, Public Investment Project		1,891	2,872	1,731	1,845	63	940	3,395
		Drawings, adjustment loans		1,199	…	118	…	…	…	1,926
		Amortization		-3,544	-6,138	-4,045	-3,782	-4,367	-3,766	-2,240
		Exceptional financing		807	3,434	2,220	…	…	…	285
		Arrears (principal)		2,609	2,369	1,671	3,530	3,801	2,933	1,237
	Domestic (net)			495	-133	-34	2,147	168	-410	-1,874
		Bank financing ^4/		897	-133	-34	1,615	-21	-210	-1,596
			IMF (Structural Adjustment F	…	…	…	…	…	-172	-307
		Deposits at treasury ^5/		…	…	…	532	-11	…	-102
		Nonbank financing		-402	…	…	…	200	-200	-176
Financing need				…	…	…	…	…	…	…

Sources: Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Excluding Anjouan for the last quarter of 1998.

^{^2/}Excluding Anjouan.

^{^3/}Expenditure made minus payments made.

^{^4/}Financing with the BIC and Central Bank.

^{^5/}Mainly claims of enterprises on the Treasury.

Table 17.

Comoros: Consolidated Government Financial Operations, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

				1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
							Est. ^1/	Est. ^2/	Est. ^2/.	Prov. ^2/
Total revenue and grants				20,950	18,195	21,011	17,812	18,885	15,557	17,612
	Revenue			11,478	10,909	12,828	10,865	12,079	11,018	13,435
		Tax revenue		9,901	9,568	11,968	9,277	10,509	9,724	11,115
		Nontax revenue		1,577	1,341	860	1,588	1,570	1,294	2,320
	External grants			9,472	7,286	8,182	6,947	6,806	4,539	4,177
		Budgetary assistance		793	1,380	250	…	…	…	332
		Project and technical assistance financing		8,679	5,906	7,932	6,947	6,359	4,513	3,689
		Other nonbudgetary aid		…	…	…	…	447	26	156
Total expenditure and net lending				27,310	23,353	23,076	21,038	19,669	17,614	22,441
	Current expenditure			21,765	18,239	17,512	13,648	14,138	13,493	17,227
		Budgetary		15,977	13,873	13,012	11,886	13,055	12,066	14,008
			Wages and salaries	7,728	8,285	8,553	7,190	6,430	6,093	6,319
			Goods and services	6,110	4,149	3,307	3,121	4,642	4,169	5,018
			Transfers	1,327	662	265	615	1,033	844	1,326
			Interest payments	812	777	887	960	950	960	1,345
		Technical assistance ^3/		5,500	4,366	4,500	1,762	1,083	1,427	896
	Capital expenditure			5,545	5,115	5,564	7,390	5,531	4,157	5,250
		Budgetary		475	703	400	360	192	130	461
		Financed externally		5,070	4,411	5,164	7,030	5,339	4,027	4,789
	Net lending			…	…	…	…	…	-35	-36
Overall balance (payment order)				-6,359	-5,159	-2,065	-3,226	-784	-2,057	-4,829
	Excluding grants			-15,831	-12,444	-10,247	-10,173	-7,590	-6,596	-9,005
Change in net arrears				2,903	2,755	404	2,677	624	1,965	2,100
	Interest on external debt			630	590	122	887	534	551	916
	Domestic arrears			2,273	2,166	281	1,790	90	1,413	1,184
Others (unidentified residuals)				…	…	…	-3,191	495	395	…
Overall balance (cash basis)				-3,456	-2,403	-1,661	-3,740	336	302	-2,729
Financing				3,456	2,403	1,661	3,740	-336	-302	2,729
	Foreign (net)			2,961	2,536	1,695	1,593	-504	108	4,603
		Drawings, Public Investment Project		1,891	2,872	1,731	1,845	63	940	3,395
		Drawings, adjustment loans		1,199	…	118	…	…	…	1,926
		Amortization		-3,544	-6,138	-4,045	-3,782	-4,367	-3,766	-2,240
		Exceptional financing		807	3,434	2,220	…	…	…	285
		Arrears (principal)		2,609	2,369	1,671	3,530	3,801	2,933	1,237
	Domestic (net)			495	-133	-34	2,147	168	-410	-1,874
		Bank financing ^4/		897	-133	-34	1,615	-21	-210	-1,596
			IMF (Structural Adjustment F	…	…	…	…	…	-172	-307
		Deposits at treasury ^5/		…	…	…	532	-11	…	-102
		Nonbank financing		-402	…	…	…	200	-200	-176
Financing need				…	…	…	…	…	…	…

Sources: Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Excluding Anjouan for the last quarter of 1998.

^{^2/}Excluding Anjouan.

^{^3/}Expenditure made minus payments made.

^{^4/}Financing with the BIC and Central Bank.

^{^5/}Mainly claims of enterprises on the Treasury.

Table 18.

Comoros: Consolidated Government Revenue and Grants, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

Sources: Ministry of Finance and Fund staff estimates.

Table 18.

Comoros: Consolidated Government Revenue and Grants, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

				1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Tax revenue				9,901	9,568	11,968	9,277	10,509	9,724	11,115
	Taxes on income and profits			1,403	1,044	1,436	1,598	2,084	1,895	1,316
		Of which
			Corporate (IBD)	880	477	923	1,025	1,556	1,348	790
			Individual (IGR)	478	464	479	524	477	514	494
	Taxes on property			122	119	125	62	58	65	64
		Buildings		78	65	50	17	22	17	8
		Registration		44	54	75	45	36	48	55
	Taxes on goods and services			1,090	973	912	1,108	1,266	1,205	1,485
		Turnover		946	765	605	646	736	817	925
		Business and professional licenses		144	208	307	202	273	263	295
		Other		…	…	…	260	257	125	265
	Taxes on international trade			7,009	7,401	9,434	6,481	6,852	6,367	8,017
		Import taxes and duties		3,006	3,435	5,039	2,458	3,663	3,010	3,776
		Customs duties on exports		309	123	132	123	12	…	258
		Other		390	279	364	1,021	159	226	593
		Unified tax		3,303	3,565	3,899	2,879	3,018	3,131	3,390
			Petroleum products	2,240	2,377	2,376	2,225	2,225	1,772	2,410
			Rice	1,063	1,188	1,523	654	793	1,359	980
	Other taxes			277	31	61	28	249	192	233
Nontax revenue				1,577	1,341	860	1,589	1,570	1,294	2,320
	Income from land			219	14	48	61	97	127	100
	Proceeds from services			442	572	129	681	406	284	495
	Other nontax revenue			916	755	684	847	1,067	883	1,725
Total revenue				11,478	10,909	12,828	10,866	12,079	11,018	13,435
Grants				9,472	7,286	8,182	6,947	6,806	4,539	4,177
	Budgetary			793	1,380	250	…	…	…	332
	Project financing (including TA)			8,679	5,906	7,932	6,947	6,359	4,513	3,689
	Other nonbudgetary assistance			…	…	…	…	447	26	156
Total revenue and grants				20,950	18,195	21,011	17,813	18,885	15,557	17,612

Sources: Ministry of Finance and Fund staff estimates.

Table 18.

Comoros: Consolidated Government Revenue and Grants, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

				1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Tax revenue				9,901	9,568	11,968	9,277	10,509	9,724	11,115
	Taxes on income and profits			1,403	1,044	1,436	1,598	2,084	1,895	1,316
		Of which
			Corporate (IBD)	880	477	923	1,025	1,556	1,348	790
			Individual (IGR)	478	464	479	524	477	514	494
	Taxes on property			122	119	125	62	58	65	64
		Buildings		78	65	50	17	22	17	8
		Registration		44	54	75	45	36	48	55
	Taxes on goods and services			1,090	973	912	1,108	1,266	1,205	1,485
		Turnover		946	765	605	646	736	817	925
		Business and professional licenses		144	208	307	202	273	263	295
		Other		…	…	…	260	257	125	265
	Taxes on international trade			7,009	7,401	9,434	6,481	6,852	6,367	8,017
		Import taxes and duties		3,006	3,435	5,039	2,458	3,663	3,010	3,776
		Customs duties on exports		309	123	132	123	12	…	258
		Other		390	279	364	1,021	159	226	593
		Unified tax		3,303	3,565	3,899	2,879	3,018	3,131	3,390
			Petroleum products	2,240	2,377	2,376	2,225	2,225	1,772	2,410
			Rice	1,063	1,188	1,523	654	793	1,359	980
	Other taxes			277	31	61	28	249	192	233
Nontax revenue				1,577	1,341	860	1,589	1,570	1,294	2,320
	Income from land			219	14	48	61	97	127	100
	Proceeds from services			442	572	129	681	406	284	495
	Other nontax revenue			916	755	684	847	1,067	883	1,725
Total revenue				11,478	10,909	12,828	10,866	12,079	11,018	13,435
Grants				9,472	7,286	8,182	6,947	6,806	4,539	4,177
	Budgetary			793	1,380	250	…	…	…	332
	Project financing (including TA)			8,679	5,906	7,932	6,947	6,359	4,513	3,689
	Other nonbudgetary assistance			…	…	…	…	447	26	156
Total revenue and grants				20,950	18,195	21,011	17,813	18,885	15,557	17,612

Sources: Ministry of Finance and Fund staff estimates.

Table 19.

Comoros: Consolidated Government Expenditure, 1995-2001 ^1/

(In millions of Comorian francs)

Sources: Ministry of Finance; Technical Committee for the Surveillance of the Staff-Monitored Program; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Includes the expenditure of central government, provinces, the Retirement Fund, the Chamber of Commerce, and the Road Fund, as well as a statement of off-budget expenditure.

Table 19.

Comoros: Consolidated Government Expenditure, 1995-2001 ^1/

(In millions of Comorian francs)

				1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Total expenditure and net lending				27,310	23,353	23,076	21,038	19,669	17,614	22,441
Current expenditure				21,477	18,239	17,512	13,648	14,138	13,493	17,227
	Budget			15,977	13,873	13,012	11,886	13,055	12,066	14,008
		Personnel		7,728	8,285	8,553	7,190	6,430	6,093	6,319
		Goods and services		6,110	4,149	3,307	3,121	46,532	4,169	5,018
		Transfers		1,327	662	265	615	1,033	844	1,326
		Interest payments		812	777	887	960	950	960	1,345
			External	812	777	887	960	950	890	1,275
			Domestic	…	…	…	…	…	70	70
	Technical assistance			5,500	4,366	4,500	1,762	1,083	1,427	896
Capital expenditure				5,545	5,115	5,564	7,390	5,531	4,157	5,250
	Budgetary			475	703	400	360	192	130	461
	Financed with external resources			5,070	4,411	5,164	7,030	5,339	4,027	4,789
Net lending				…	…	…	…	…	-35	-36
	Budget			…	…	…	…	…	-35	-36
	Extrabudgetary			…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Civil service action plan				…	…	…	…	…	…	…

Sources: Ministry of Finance; Technical Committee for the Surveillance of the Staff-Monitored Program; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Includes the expenditure of central government, provinces, the Retirement Fund, the Chamber of Commerce, and the Road Fund, as well as a statement of off-budget expenditure.

Table 19.

Comoros: Consolidated Government Expenditure, 1995-2001 ^1/

(In millions of Comorian francs)

				1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Total expenditure and net lending				27,310	23,353	23,076	21,038	19,669	17,614	22,441
Current expenditure				21,477	18,239	17,512	13,648	14,138	13,493	17,227
	Budget			15,977	13,873	13,012	11,886	13,055	12,066	14,008
		Personnel		7,728	8,285	8,553	7,190	6,430	6,093	6,319
		Goods and services		6,110	4,149	3,307	3,121	46,532	4,169	5,018
		Transfers		1,327	662	265	615	1,033	844	1,326
		Interest payments		812	777	887	960	950	960	1,345
			External	812	777	887	960	950	890	1,275
			Domestic	…	…	…	…	…	70	70
	Technical assistance			5,500	4,366	4,500	1,762	1,083	1,427	896
Capital expenditure				5,545	5,115	5,564	7,390	5,531	4,157	5,250
	Budgetary			475	703	400	360	192	130	461
	Financed with external resources			5,070	4,411	5,164	7,030	5,339	4,027	4,789
Net lending				…	…	…	…	…	-35	-36
	Budget			…	…	…	…	…	-35	-36
	Extrabudgetary			…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Civil service action plan				…	…	…	…	…	…	…

Sources: Ministry of Finance; Technical Committee for the Surveillance of the Staff-Monitored Program; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Includes the expenditure of central government, provinces, the Retirement Fund, the Chamber of Commerce, and the Road Fund, as well as a statement of off-budget expenditure.

Table 20.

Comoros: Wage Bill Developments by Ministry, 1995-2001 ^1/

(In millions of Comorian francs)

Source: General Directorate of Budget/Civil Service, Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}

^{^2/}For 1998 defense is included in the figure for Presidency.

^{^3/}Includes embassies.

^{^4/}Before 2000, figures for Justice reported together with Civil Service.

Table 20.

Comoros: Wage Bill Developments by Ministry, 1995-2001 ^1/

(In millions of Comorian francs)

	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Federal Assembly	322	135	…	377	189	131	…
Constitutional Council	52	18	…	120	42	15	…
Office of the President ^2/	173	288	…	956	284	200	…
Defense	…	…	…	…	…	1,009	…
Office of the Prime Minister	248	239	…	327	177	160	…
Foreign Affairs ^3/	315	343	…	418	403	286	…
Embassies	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
National Security	80	86	…	174	166	128	…
Finance and Budget	525	471	…	559	514	495	…
Economy, Planning, and Commerce	81	…	…	42	48	51	…
Infrastructure, Urbanism, and Housing	147	…	…	129	101	96	…
National Education	3,024	3,316	…	2,861	2,021	2,230	…
Rural Development	255	259	…	191	176	158	…
Social Affairs, Labor, and Employment	31	0	…	0	0	…	…
Health	618	739	…	596	487	511	…
Transportation and Tourism	118	126	…	156	161	102	…
Information, Youth, Culture, and Sport	124	0	…	…	…	63	…
Justice and Islamic Affairs ^4/	118	0	…	…	…	184	…
Civil Service and Justice	100	0	…	278	284	85	…
Provinces	212	223	…	…	…	132	…
Other ministries	0	721	…	7	140	56	…
Total	6,330	6,741	…	7,189	5,190	6,093	…

Source: General Directorate of Budget/Civil Service, Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}

^{^2/}For 1998 defense is included in the figure for Presidency.

^{^3/}Includes embassies.

^{^4/}Before 2000, figures for Justice reported together with Civil Service.

Table 20.

Comoros: Wage Bill Developments by Ministry, 1995-2001 ^1/

(In millions of Comorian francs)

	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Federal Assembly	322	135	…	377	189	131	…
Constitutional Council	52	18	…	120	42	15	…
Office of the President ^2/	173	288	…	956	284	200	…
Defense	…	…	…	…	…	1,009	…
Office of the Prime Minister	248	239	…	327	177	160	…
Foreign Affairs ^3/	315	343	…	418	403	286	…
Embassies	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
National Security	80	86	…	174	166	128	…
Finance and Budget	525	471	…	559	514	495	…
Economy, Planning, and Commerce	81	…	…	42	48	51	…
Infrastructure, Urbanism, and Housing	147	…	…	129	101	96	…
National Education	3,024	3,316	…	2,861	2,021	2,230	…
Rural Development	255	259	…	191	176	158	…
Social Affairs, Labor, and Employment	31	0	…	0	0	…	…
Health	618	739	…	596	487	511	…
Transportation and Tourism	118	126	…	156	161	102	…
Information, Youth, Culture, and Sport	124	0	…	…	…	63	…
Justice and Islamic Affairs ^4/	118	0	…	…	…	184	…
Civil Service and Justice	100	0	…	278	284	85	…
Provinces	212	223	…	…	…	132	…
Other ministries	0	721	…	7	140	56	…
Total	6,330	6,741	…	7,189	5,190	6,093	…

Source: General Directorate of Budget/Civil Service, Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}

^{^2/}For 1998 defense is included in the figure for Presidency.

^{^3/}Includes embassies.

^{^4/}Before 2000, figures for Justice reported together with Civil Service.

Table 21.

Comoros: Breakdown of Staffing Levels by Ministry, 1995-2001 ^1/ ^2/ ^3/

(In numbers of staff)

Source: General Directorate of Budget/Civil Service, Ministry of Finance.

^{^1/}Staff paid by the Treasury

^{^2/}1998 and 1999 figures include an estimated value for Anjouan; 2000 figures exclude Anjouan.

^{^3/}Before 2000, figures for Justice reported together with Civil Service

Table 21.

Comoros: Breakdown of Staffing Levels by Ministry, 1995-2001 ^1/ ^2/ ^3/

(In numbers of staff)

	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Federal Assembly	82	26	53	51	37	36	…
Constitutional Council	8	…	31	37	5	5	…
Office of the President (excludes Defense)	108	180	82	144	77	102	…
Foreign Affairs (excludes embassies)	76	92	95	93	84	83	…
National Security	122	129	185	199	172	118	…
Finance and Budget	439	465	467	464	445	343	…
Economy, Planning, and Commerce	76	1	62	68	65	35	…
Infrastructure, Urbanism, and Housing	151	…	130	133	122	83	…
National Education	2,791	2,889	3,003	2,972	2,794	1,965	…
Rural Development	224	…	200	201	182	0	…
Production	…	…	…	…	…	115	…
Health	636	723	725	751	695	463	…
Transportation and Tourism	122	131	136	129	122	84	…
Information, Youth, Culture, and Sport	110	…	…	43	56	40	…
Justice and Islamic Affairs ^3/	168	…	121	125	127	107	…
Civil Service	42	…	64	73	77	66	…
Office of the Prime Minister	61	59	52	53	40	51	…
Ngazidja Province	148	154	124	121	114	111	…
Ndzouani Province	110	108	47	49	47	0	…
Mohéli Province	45	46	84	84	84	46	…
Public enterprises	…	792	…	…	…	…	…
Contractuals paid manually	…	…	123	338	464	…	…
Other ministries	…	…	…	12	…	…	…
Total of civil servants paid by Ministry of Civil Service	5,544	5,795	5,784	6,140	5,809	3,866	…
Other public employees	1,064	123	505	504	784	…	…
Total of public employees	6,608	5,918	6,289	6,644	6,593	…	…

Source: General Directorate of Budget/Civil Service, Ministry of Finance.

^{^1/}Staff paid by the Treasury

^{^2/}1998 and 1999 figures include an estimated value for Anjouan; 2000 figures exclude Anjouan.

^{^3/}Before 2000, figures for Justice reported together with Civil Service

Table 21.

Comoros: Breakdown of Staffing Levels by Ministry, 1995-2001 ^1/ ^2/ ^3/

(In numbers of staff)

	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Federal Assembly	82	26	53	51	37	36	…
Constitutional Council	8	…	31	37	5	5	…
Office of the President (excludes Defense)	108	180	82	144	77	102	…
Foreign Affairs (excludes embassies)	76	92	95	93	84	83	…
National Security	122	129	185	199	172	118	…
Finance and Budget	439	465	467	464	445	343	…
Economy, Planning, and Commerce	76	1	62	68	65	35	…
Infrastructure, Urbanism, and Housing	151	…	130	133	122	83	…
National Education	2,791	2,889	3,003	2,972	2,794	1,965	…
Rural Development	224	…	200	201	182	0	…
Production	…	…	…	…	…	115	…
Health	636	723	725	751	695	463	…
Transportation and Tourism	122	131	136	129	122	84	…
Information, Youth, Culture, and Sport	110	…	…	43	56	40	…
Justice and Islamic Affairs ^3/	168	…	121	125	127	107	…
Civil Service	42	…	64	73	77	66	…
Office of the Prime Minister	61	59	52	53	40	51	…
Ngazidja Province	148	154	124	121	114	111	…
Ndzouani Province	110	108	47	49	47	0	…
Mohéli Province	45	46	84	84	84	46	…
Public enterprises	…	792	…	…	…	…	…
Contractuals paid manually	…	…	123	338	464	…	…
Other ministries	…	…	…	12	…	…	…
Total of civil servants paid by Ministry of Civil Service	5,544	5,795	5,784	6,140	5,809	3,866	…
Other public employees	1,064	123	505	504	784	…	…
Total of public employees	6,608	5,918	6,289	6,644	6,593	…	…

Source: General Directorate of Budget/Civil Service, Ministry of Finance.

^{^1/}Staff paid by the Treasury

^{^2/}1998 and 1999 figures include an estimated value for Anjouan; 2000 figures exclude Anjouan.

^{^3/}Before 2000, figures for Justice reported together with Civil Service

Table 22.

Comoros: Breakdown of the Government Wage Bill, 1995-2001

(In Comorian francs)

Source: General Directorate of Budget/Civil Service, Ministry of Finance.

^{^1/}1995-97 figures exclude embassies and defense.

^{^2/}Including embassies.

Table 22.

Comoros: Breakdown of the Government Wage Bill, 1995-2001

(In Comorian francs)

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
		^1/	^1/	^1/	^2/	^2/	^2/
Basic salaries		4,589	4,930	5,206	4,633	3,819	3,666	…
Allowances		1,585	1,635	1,197	967	1,344	950	…
	Function	203	176	96	82	136	141	…
	Housing	758	823	654	626	798	459	…
	Teaching (teachers)	233	242	232	156	198	166	…
	Indemnité de sujétion	120	115	15	27	25	19	…
	Indemnité de remise	68	71	75	70	60	63	…
	Geographic	75	88	…	…	…	63	…
	Other	129	120	125	211	127	39	…
Employer contributions		369	398	418	347	291	286	…
	Total	6,543	6,963	6,821	5,947	5,454	4,934	…

Source: General Directorate of Budget/Civil Service, Ministry of Finance.

^{^1/}1995-97 figures exclude embassies and defense.

^{^2/}Including embassies.

Table 22.

Comoros: Breakdown of the Government Wage Bill, 1995-2001

(In Comorian francs)

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
		^1/	^1/	^1/	^2/	^2/	^2/
Basic salaries		4,589	4,930	5,206	4,633	3,819	3,666	…
Allowances		1,585	1,635	1,197	967	1,344	950	…
	Function	203	176	96	82	136	141	…
	Housing	758	823	654	626	798	459	…
	Teaching (teachers)	233	242	232	156	198	166	…
	Indemnité de sujétion	120	115	15	27	25	19	…
	Indemnité de remise	68	71	75	70	60	63	…
	Geographic	75	88	…	…	…	63	…
	Other	129	120	125	211	127	39	…
Employer contributions		369	398	418	347	291	286	…
	Total	6,543	6,963	6,821	5,947	5,454	4,934	…

Source: General Directorate of Budget/Civil Service, Ministry of Finance.

^{^1/}1995-97 figures exclude embassies and defense.

^{^2/}Including embassies.

Table 23.

Comoros: Consolidated Net Statement of Public Enterprises, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

Sources: Public enterprises listed below; and Fund staff estimates. Notes: SCH (Comorian Hydrocarbons Company); ONICOR (National Rice Imports and Marketing Office); SNPT (Post and Tele-communications Office); and SOCOPOTRAM (Comorian Ports Establishment); and IBD is taxes on miscellaneous us profits. Data on CEE (Compagnie d’Eau d’Electricite) end Comorian Ports Establishment (SOCOPOTRAM) not available.

^{^1/}Before provision for emorbzation.

Table 23.

Comoros: Consolidated Net Statement of Public Enterprises, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

		Turnover	Change in Stocks	Wages and Salaries	Purchases	Taxes	Financial Charges	Other Expenditures	Total Expenditures	Surplus or Loss ^1/
Import monopolies
SCH
	1995	6,893	-153	293	2,346	209	217	3,697	6,609	284
	1996	7,554	-248	264	3,502	0	46	3,789	7353	201
	1997	7314	431	267	2,764	82	26	3,608	7,178	136
	1998	6,739	-215	241	2,428	2,985	46	3,783	6,490	22
	1999	7,079	-75	267	3,122	2,795	40	3,805	7,125	43
	2000	8,106	-59	311	3,830	2,577	47	…	…	20
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
ON1COR
	1995	4,048	0	33	2,720	117	5	1,282	4,157	-169
	1996	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1997	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1998	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1999	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	2000	4,388	0	52	4,135	2	8	126	4,327	72
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Airport Hahaya (AIMPSI)
	1995	657	1	172	166	3	0	102	444	213
	1996	740	4	182	163	4	41	169	561	177
	1997	748	9	192	150	7	40	114	513	236
	1998	749	-8	190	159	6	41	161	549	200
	1999	849	12	210	167	35	41	195	660	189
	2000	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Public utilities
SNPT
	1995	2,524	22	358	375	106	135	417	1,412	1,112
	1996	2,984	4	400	399	449	95	503	1,849	1,135
	1997	3,330	29	466	428	438	118	504	1,982	1,348
	1998	3383	-133	536	603	371	119	512	2,008	1,375
	1999	4,057	22	595	549	373	236	479	2,254	1,803
	2000	4,754	21	550	869	497	328	386	2,652	2,102
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
SOCOPOTRAM
	1996	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1997	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1998	543	…	545	34	37	5	50	671	-87
	1999	899	…	728	53	1	2	90	873	25
	2000	985	…	628	61	18	9	248	957	28
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…

^{^1/}Before provision for emorbzation.

Table 23.

Comoros: Consolidated Net Statement of Public Enterprises, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs)

		Turnover	Change in Stocks	Wages and Salaries	Purchases	Taxes	Financial Charges	Other Expenditures	Total Expenditures	Surplus or Loss ^1/
Import monopolies
SCH
	1995	6,893	-153	293	2,346	209	217	3,697	6,609	284
	1996	7,554	-248	264	3,502	0	46	3,789	7353	201
	1997	7314	431	267	2,764	82	26	3,608	7,178	136
	1998	6,739	-215	241	2,428	2,985	46	3,783	6,490	22
	1999	7,079	-75	267	3,122	2,795	40	3,805	7,125	43
	2000	8,106	-59	311	3,830	2,577	47	…	…	20
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
ON1COR
	1995	4,048	0	33	2,720	117	5	1,282	4,157	-169
	1996	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1997	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1998	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1999	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	2000	4,388	0	52	4,135	2	8	126	4,327	72
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Airport Hahaya (AIMPSI)
	1995	657	1	172	166	3	0	102	444	213
	1996	740	4	182	163	4	41	169	561	177
	1997	748	9	192	150	7	40	114	513	236
	1998	749	-8	190	159	6	41	161	549	200
	1999	849	12	210	167	35	41	195	660	189
	2000	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Public utilities
SNPT
	1995	2,524	22	358	375	106	135	417	1,412	1,112
	1996	2,984	4	400	399	449	95	503	1,849	1,135
	1997	3,330	29	466	428	438	118	504	1,982	1,348
	1998	3383	-133	536	603	371	119	512	2,008	1,375
	1999	4,057	22	595	549	373	236	479	2,254	1,803
	2000	4,754	21	550	869	497	328	386	2,652	2,102
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
SOCOPOTRAM
	1996	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1997	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1998	543	…	545	34	37	5	50	671	-87
	1999	899	…	728	53	1	2	90	873	25
	2000	985	…	628	61	18	9	248	957	28
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…

^{^1/}Before provision for emorbzation.

Table 24.

Comoros: Consolidated Financial Statement of Public Enterprises, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs, unless otherwise indicated)

Sources: Public enterprises listed below; and Fund staff estimates. Notes: SCH (Comorian Hydrocarbons Company); ONICOR (National Rice Imports and Marketing Office); SNPT (Post and Telecommunications Office); and IBD - (taxes on miscellaneous profits). Data on CEE (Compagnie d’Eau et d’Electricité) and Comorian Ports Establishment (SOCOPOTRAM) not available

^{^1/}At year’s end.

^{^2/}Net profits before IBD over social capital.

^{^3/}Net profit before IBD over turnover.

Table 24.

Comoros: Consolidated Financial Statement of Public Enterprises, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs, unless otherwise indicated)

		Share Capital	Total shore Term Debt	Turnover	Net Profit Before IBD	IBD	Net Profit Govern IBD	Accumulated Losses	Long-Term External Debt	Interest on Gross Debt	Gross Fixed Investment	Government Arrears ^1/	Profit-Rate (in percent)^2/	Profit-Rate (in percent)^3/
Import monopolies
SCH
	1995	650	190	6,893	419	209	210	0	190	…	235	2,447	64.5	6.1
	1996	650	0	7,554	-2	0	0	0	0	…	59	2,774	…	…
	1997	650	0	7,314	164	82	0	0	0	…	32	1,625	…	…
	1998	650	0	6,728	434	217	0	0	0	…	90	1,463	…	…
	1999	650	0	7,177	146	73	0	0	0	…	351	1,029	…	…
	2000	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
ONICOR
	1995	514	0	4,048	…	117	…	…	0	0	0	0	0	0
	1996	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1997	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1998	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1999	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	2000	360	0	4,388	72	36	36	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
AEROPORT HAHAVA (AIMPSI)
	1995	4,186	464	667	-175	0	-175	2,499	464	…	…	…	…	…
	1996	4,186	1,270	740	-63	0	-63	2,675	1,270	…	…	…	…	…
	1997	4,186	1,350	748	-138	0	-158	2,738	1,350	…	…	…	…	…
	1998	4,186	1,350	749	-227	0	-227	2,896	1,350	…	…	…	…	…
	1999	4,186	1,316	849	-176	0	-176	3,122	1,316	…	…	…	…	…
	2000	4,186	1,316	849	-176	8	-176	3,122	1,316	…	…	…	…	…
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Public services
SNPT
	1995	1,257	3,161	2,524	127	51	76	1,270	1,694	…	…	115	4.8	5.2
	1996	1,257	3,016	2,984	763	381	381	1,270	1,547	…	…	328	…	…
	1997	1,257	3,033	3,330	768	384	384	1,270	1,542	…	…	592	…	…
	1998	1,257	3,029	3,383	577	288	288	1,270	1,562	…	…	832	…	…
	1999	1,257	4,356	4,057	601	300	300	1,270	2,889	…	…	645	…	…
	2000^*	1,257	4,489	4,754	800	400	400	1,270	3,024	883	…	862	…	…
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…

Sources: Public enterprises listed below; and Fund staff estimates. Notes: SCH (Comorian Hydrocarbons Company); ONICOR (National Rice Imports and Marketing Office); SNPT (Post and Telecommunications Office); and IBD - (taxes on miscellaneous profits). Data on CEE (Compagnie d’Eau et d’Electricité) and Comorian Ports Establishment (SOCOPOTRAM) not available

^{^1/}At year’s end.

^{^2/}Net profits before IBD over social capital.

^{^3/}Net profit before IBD over turnover.

Table 24.

Comoros: Consolidated Financial Statement of Public Enterprises, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs, unless otherwise indicated)

		Share Capital	Total shore Term Debt	Turnover	Net Profit Before IBD	IBD	Net Profit Govern IBD	Accumulated Losses	Long-Term External Debt	Interest on Gross Debt	Gross Fixed Investment	Government Arrears ^1/	Profit-Rate (in percent)^2/	Profit-Rate (in percent)^3/
Import monopolies
SCH
	1995	650	190	6,893	419	209	210	0	190	…	235	2,447	64.5	6.1
	1996	650	0	7,554	-2	0	0	0	0	…	59	2,774	…	…
	1997	650	0	7,314	164	82	0	0	0	…	32	1,625	…	…
	1998	650	0	6,728	434	217	0	0	0	…	90	1,463	…	…
	1999	650	0	7,177	146	73	0	0	0	…	351	1,029	…	…
	2000	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
ONICOR
	1995	514	0	4,048	…	117	…	…	0	0	0	0	0	0
	1996	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1997	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1998	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	1999	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	2000	360	0	4,388	72	36	36	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
AEROPORT HAHAVA (AIMPSI)
	1995	4,186	464	667	-175	0	-175	2,499	464	…	…	…	…	…
	1996	4,186	1,270	740	-63	0	-63	2,675	1,270	…	…	…	…	…
	1997	4,186	1,350	748	-138	0	-158	2,738	1,350	…	…	…	…	…
	1998	4,186	1,350	749	-227	0	-227	2,896	1,350	…	…	…	…	…
	1999	4,186	1,316	849	-176	0	-176	3,122	1,316	…	…	…	…	…
	2000	4,186	1,316	849	-176	8	-176	3,122	1,316	…	…	…	…	…
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Public services
SNPT
	1995	1,257	3,161	2,524	127	51	76	1,270	1,694	…	…	115	4.8	5.2
	1996	1,257	3,016	2,984	763	381	381	1,270	1,547	…	…	328	…	…
	1997	1,257	3,033	3,330	768	384	384	1,270	1,542	…	…	592	…	…
	1998	1,257	3,029	3,383	577	288	288	1,270	1,562	…	…	832	…	…
	1999	1,257	4,356	4,057	601	300	300	1,270	2,889	…	…	645	…	…
	2000^*	1,257	4,489	4,754	800	400	400	1,270	3,024	883	…	862	…	…
	2001	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…

Sources: Public enterprises listed below; and Fund staff estimates. Notes: SCH (Comorian Hydrocarbons Company); ONICOR (National Rice Imports and Marketing Office); SNPT (Post and Telecommunications Office); and IBD - (taxes on miscellaneous profits). Data on CEE (Compagnie d’Eau et d’Electricité) and Comorian Ports Establishment (SOCOPOTRAM) not available

^{^1/}At year’s end.

^{^2/}Net profits before IBD over social capital.

^{^3/}Net profit before IBD over turnover.

Table 25.

Comoros: Monetary Survey, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs; end of period)

Sources: Central Bank of the Comoros; and Fund staff estimates and projections.

^1/Includes Fonds particuliers (special funds).

^2/As of 1993, excludes bankers’ acceptances.

Table 25.

Comoros: Monetary Survey, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs; end of period)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Net foreign assets			15,697	19,339	18,765	17,737	19,890	22,813	36,019
	Central bank		14,901	18,499	16,838	15,398	17,124	22,102	33,486
		Assets	16,422	19,950	18,298	16,581	18,295	23,017	34,879
		Liabilities	-1,521	-1,451	-1,460	-1,183	-1,171	-915	-1,393
	Commercial bank		796	840	1,927	2,339	2,766	711	2,533
		Assets	889	848	1,927	2,373	3,966	3,009	4,864
		Liabilities	-93	-8	…	-34	-1,200	-2,298	-2,331
Net domestic assets			1,041	-1,523	-391	-579	-1,529	-1,794	-5,036
	Domestic credit		11,705	9,674	10,474	12,528	12,087	12,661	11,841
	Net credit to government		2,183	2,050	2,016	3,631	3,610	3,272	2,733
		Credit to government	3,519	3,905	3,740	4,307	4,368	4,158	3,955
		Government deposits	-1,336	-1,855	-1,724	-676	-758	-886	-1,221
	Claims on public enterprises		772	107	426	165	335	74	73
	Credit to private sector ^2/		8,750	7,517	8,032	8,732	8,142	9,315	9,035
	Other items (net)		-10,664	-11,197	-10,865	-13,107	-13,616	-14,455	-16,877
Broad money			16,738	17,816	18,374	17,158	18,361	21,019	30,983
	Money		11,296	11,649	10,603	10,175	11,662	14,115	22,937
		Currency in circulation	5,782	5,639	5,433	5,418	6,310	7,564	12,355
		Demand deposits	5,514	6,010	5,170	4,757	5,352	6,551	10,582
	Quasi money		5,442	6,167	7,771	6,983	6,699	6,904	8,046

Sources: Central Bank of the Comoros; and Fund staff estimates and projections.

^1/Includes Fonds particuliers (special funds).

^2/As of 1993, excludes bankers’ acceptances.

Table 25.

Comoros: Monetary Survey, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs; end of period)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Net foreign assets			15,697	19,339	18,765	17,737	19,890	22,813	36,019
	Central bank		14,901	18,499	16,838	15,398	17,124	22,102	33,486
		Assets	16,422	19,950	18,298	16,581	18,295	23,017	34,879
		Liabilities	-1,521	-1,451	-1,460	-1,183	-1,171	-915	-1,393
	Commercial bank		796	840	1,927	2,339	2,766	711	2,533
		Assets	889	848	1,927	2,373	3,966	3,009	4,864
		Liabilities	-93	-8	…	-34	-1,200	-2,298	-2,331
Net domestic assets			1,041	-1,523	-391	-579	-1,529	-1,794	-5,036
	Domestic credit		11,705	9,674	10,474	12,528	12,087	12,661	11,841
	Net credit to government		2,183	2,050	2,016	3,631	3,610	3,272	2,733
		Credit to government	3,519	3,905	3,740	4,307	4,368	4,158	3,955
		Government deposits	-1,336	-1,855	-1,724	-676	-758	-886	-1,221
	Claims on public enterprises		772	107	426	165	335	74	73
	Credit to private sector ^2/		8,750	7,517	8,032	8,732	8,142	9,315	9,035
	Other items (net)		-10,664	-11,197	-10,865	-13,107	-13,616	-14,455	-16,877
Broad money			16,738	17,816	18,374	17,158	18,361	21,019	30,983
	Money		11,296	11,649	10,603	10,175	11,662	14,115	22,937
		Currency in circulation	5,782	5,639	5,433	5,418	6,310	7,564	12,355
		Demand deposits	5,514	6,010	5,170	4,757	5,352	6,551	10,582
	Quasi money		5,442	6,167	7,771	6,983	6,699	6,904	8,046

Sources: Central Bank of the Comoros; and Fund staff estimates and projections.

^1/Includes Fonds particuliers (special funds).

^2/As of 1993, excludes bankers’ acceptances.

Table 26.

Comoros: Summary Statement of the Central Bank, 1996-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs; end of period)

Sources: Central bank of the Comoros; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Stabilization System for Export Earnings (Lomé Convention).

Table 26.

Comoros: Summary Statement of the Central Bank, 1996-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs; end of period)

				1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Foreign assets				19,950	18,298	16,581	18,295	23,017	34,879
	of which
		Operations account with French
			Treasury	18,857	16,410	14,847	16,382	20,568	33,354
		Bank notes (CFA franc area)		672	1,383	1,334	1,367	1,819	1,664
		Gold		84	79	70	82	83	83
		SDR holdings		21	52	2	80	87	13
		Correspondents		11	46	6	7	76	0
		Reserve position with IMF		305	327	320	363	372	379
Claims on Government				3,569	3,646	3,806	3,814	3,858	3,654
	Statutory advances			1,981	2,034	2,226	2,234	2,278	2,074
	Other claims on Treasury			8	0	0	0	0	0
	Treasury (IMF account)			1,580	1,612	1,580	1,580	1,580	1,580
Claims on deposit money bank				0	0	50	50	50	50
Other assets				796	860	689	523	499	582
Assets=liabilities				24,315	22,804	21,126	22,682	27,424	39,165
Reserve money				11,936	10,454	9,323	11,104	13,980	23,851
	Currency in circulation			5,639	5,433	5,418	6,310	7,564	12,355
	Cash in banks			123	137	129	99	263	147
	Bank for Industry and Commerce deposits			4,651	4,232	3,432	3,729	5,228	9,722
	Development Bank deposits			874	17	309	938	888	1,565
	Public enterprise deposits			649	635	35	28	37	62
Government deposits				1,723	1,515	542	518	508	712
	Treasury account			63	38	30	61	37	225
	Government bodies			1,182	663	386	365	399	434
	Food aid services			186	147	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
	STABEX account ^1/			126	107	81	47	27	8
	Cash at Treasury			166	560	45	45	45	45
	Counterpart fund for Chinese aid			0	0	0	0	0	0
Foreign liabilities				122	131	61	112	128	920
	Other correspondents			119	118	56	74	128	918
	Transactions under way			3	13	5	38	0	2
	IMF credit			0	0	0	0	0	0
Other liabilities				10,534	10,704	11,200	10,948	12,808	13,683

Sources: Central bank of the Comoros; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Stabilization System for Export Earnings (Lomé Convention).

Table 26.

Comoros: Summary Statement of the Central Bank, 1996-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs; end of period)

				1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Foreign assets				19,950	18,298	16,581	18,295	23,017	34,879
	of which
		Operations account with French
			Treasury	18,857	16,410	14,847	16,382	20,568	33,354
		Bank notes (CFA franc area)		672	1,383	1,334	1,367	1,819	1,664
		Gold		84	79	70	82	83	83
		SDR holdings		21	52	2	80	87	13
		Correspondents		11	46	6	7	76	0
		Reserve position with IMF		305	327	320	363	372	379
Claims on Government				3,569	3,646	3,806	3,814	3,858	3,654
	Statutory advances			1,981	2,034	2,226	2,234	2,278	2,074
	Other claims on Treasury			8	0	0	0	0	0
	Treasury (IMF account)			1,580	1,612	1,580	1,580	1,580	1,580
Claims on deposit money bank				0	0	50	50	50	50
Other assets				796	860	689	523	499	582
Assets=liabilities				24,315	22,804	21,126	22,682	27,424	39,165
Reserve money				11,936	10,454	9,323	11,104	13,980	23,851
	Currency in circulation			5,639	5,433	5,418	6,310	7,564	12,355
	Cash in banks			123	137	129	99	263	147
	Bank for Industry and Commerce deposits			4,651	4,232	3,432	3,729	5,228	9,722
	Development Bank deposits			874	17	309	938	888	1,565
	Public enterprise deposits			649	635	35	28	37	62
Government deposits				1,723	1,515	542	518	508	712
	Treasury account			63	38	30	61	37	225
	Government bodies			1,182	663	386	365	399	434
	Food aid services			186	147	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
	STABEX account ^1/			126	107	81	47	27	8
	Cash at Treasury			166	560	45	45	45	45
	Counterpart fund for Chinese aid			0	0	0	0	0	0
Foreign liabilities				122	131	61	112	128	920
	Other correspondents			119	118	56	74	128	918
	Transactions under way			3	13	5	38	0	2
	IMF credit			0	0	0	0	0	0
Other liabilities				10,534	10,704	11,200	10,948	12,808	13,683

Sources: Central bank of the Comoros; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Stabilization System for Export Earnings (Lomé Convention).

Table 27.

Comoros: Summary Statement of the Bank for Industry and Commerce, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs; end of period)

Source: Central Bank of the Comoros.

^{^1/}Deposits required by the Bank for Industry and Commerce for imports under letter of credit.

^{^2/}Principally the Stabilization System for Export Earnings.

Table 27.

Comoros: Summary Statement of the Bank for Industry and Commerce, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs; end of period)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Reserves			1,631	4,719	4,024	3,511	3,796	5,257	8,806
	Cash		53	123	137	152	99	263	147
	Deposits at the central bank		1,578	4,596	3,887	3,359	3,697	4,994	8,659
Foreign assets			889	848	1,927	2,373	3,966	3,009	4,864
Claims on government			…	415	94	501	554	300	301
Claims on private sector			8,680	7,438	8,032	8,682	8,142	9,315	9,035
Unclassified assets			1,365	467	923	490	743	1,675	2,106
	Of which
		Bills to be collected	…	…	…	…	…	1,189	1,633
Assets=liabilities			12,565	13,887	15,000	15,557	17,201	19,556	25,112
Demand deposits			4,170	4,487	4,518	4,413	4,386	5,626	8,955
Time and savings deposits			5,442	6,167	7,771	6,983	6,699	6,904	8,046
	Time deposits		550	239	305	…	…	…	…
	Savings deposits		4,708	5,531	5,975	6,871	6,469	6,612	7,808
	Blocked account ^1/		184	397	1,491	112	230	292	238
Government deposits ^2/			167	132	209	134	240	378	509
Foreign liabilities			93	8	…	34	1,200	2,298	2,331
Unclassified liabilities			2,693	3,093	2,502	3,993	4,676	4,350	5,270

Source: Central Bank of the Comoros.

^{^1/}Deposits required by the Bank for Industry and Commerce for imports under letter of credit.

^{^2/}Principally the Stabilization System for Export Earnings.

Table 27.

Comoros: Summary Statement of the Bank for Industry and Commerce, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs; end of period)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Reserves			1,631	4,719	4,024	3,511	3,796	5,257	8,806
	Cash		53	123	137	152	99	263	147
	Deposits at the central bank		1,578	4,596	3,887	3,359	3,697	4,994	8,659
Foreign assets			889	848	1,927	2,373	3,966	3,009	4,864
Claims on government			…	415	94	501	554	300	301
Claims on private sector			8,680	7,438	8,032	8,682	8,142	9,315	9,035
Unclassified assets			1,365	467	923	490	743	1,675	2,106
	Of which
		Bills to be collected	…	…	…	…	…	1,189	1,633
Assets=liabilities			12,565	13,887	15,000	15,557	17,201	19,556	25,112
Demand deposits			4,170	4,487	4,518	4,413	4,386	5,626	8,955
Time and savings deposits			5,442	6,167	7,771	6,983	6,699	6,904	8,046
	Time deposits		550	239	305	…	…	…	…
	Savings deposits		4,708	5,531	5,975	6,871	6,469	6,612	7,808
	Blocked account ^1/		184	397	1,491	112	230	292	238
Government deposits ^2/			167	132	209	134	240	378	509
Foreign liabilities			93	8	…	34	1,200	2,298	2,331
Unclassified liabilities			2,693	3,093	2,502	3,993	4,676	4,350	5,270

Source: Central Bank of the Comoros.

^{^1/}Deposits required by the Bank for Industry and Commerce for imports under letter of credit.

^{^2/}Principally the Stabilization System for Export Earnings.

Table 28.

Comoros: Structure of Interest Rates, 1996-2001 ^1/

(In percent)

Source: Central Bank of the Comoros.

^{^1/}End-of-period.

Table 28.

Comoros: Structure of Interest Rates, 1996-2001 ^1/

(In percent)

		1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Central bank rates
	Claims on government	5.5	4.8	4.8	3.7	3.7	3.7
	Deposits from Treasury	5.5	4.5	4.5	2.9	2.9	2.9
	Discount rate	8.5	7.0	7.0	5.9	5.9	5.9
Commercial bank lending rate		11.0-18.0	11.0-18.0	11.0-18.0	9.0-15.0	9.0-15.1	9.0-15.2
Depositor rates
	Demand deposits	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Time deposits	5.0	3.0-4.0	3.0-4.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
	Savings deposits	5.0-5.5	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0

Source: Central Bank of the Comoros.

^{^1/}End-of-period.

Table 28.

Comoros: Structure of Interest Rates, 1996-2001 ^1/

(In percent)

		1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Central bank rates
	Claims on government	5.5	4.8	4.8	3.7	3.7	3.7
	Deposits from Treasury	5.5	4.5	4.5	2.9	2.9	2.9
	Discount rate	8.5	7.0	7.0	5.9	5.9	5.9
Commercial bank lending rate		11.0-18.0	11.0-18.0	11.0-18.0	9.0-15.0	9.0-15.1	9.0-15.2
Depositor rates
	Demand deposits	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Time deposits	5.0	3.0-4.0	3.0-4.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
	Savings deposits	5.0-5.5	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0

Source: Central Bank of the Comoros.

^{^1/}End-of-period.

Table 29.

Comoros: Balance of Payments, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs, unless otherwise indicated)

Sources: Central Bank of the Comoros; Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff estimates and projections.

^{^1/}Including arrears.

Table 29.

Comoros: Balance of Payments, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs, unless otherwise indicated)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Trade balance			-15,791	-16,357	-18,446	-16,099	-15,823	-12,647	-12,913
	Exports, f.o.b.		4,235	2,436	2,630	2,632	4,181	7,263	8,962
		Vanilla	2,320	1,035	1,119	1,058	1,835	4,105	5,400
		Cloves	133	210	360	ISO	1,177	2,012	2,433
		Ylang-ylang	855	645	716	582	563	887	999
		Other	927	546	435	812	606	259	130
	Imports, f.o.b.		-20,026	-18,793	-21,077	-18,731	-20,004	-19,910	-21,875
Services balance (net)			-5,361	-3,894	-4,553	-5,660	-5,365	-2,968	-1,977
	Freight and insurance		-5,385	-5,056	-5,699	-5,100	-5,447	-5,947	-6,534
	Other transportation		-1,855	-2,027	-2,056	-69	-183	-59	-62
	Travel		5,363	6,806	7,010	3,000	3,500	3,680	4,368
	Investment income		1,193	918	989	815	1,057	1,068	1,664
	Interest payments		-812	-777	-887	-978	-964	-890	-429
	Other services		-3,865	-3,756	-3,909	-3,328	-3328	-819	-984
Private transfers (net)			3,260	4,626	0	11,946	13,039	12,680	14,430
Current account (excluding official transfers)			-17,892	-15,625	-22,999	-9,813	-8,149	-2,935	-460
Official transfers			10,183	7,898	8,362	7,405	7,216	4,539	5,332
Current account (including official transfers)			-7,708	-7,727	-14,637	-2,408	-934	1,604	4,872
Direct investment			333	360	100	170	125	50	56
Medium- and long-term borrowing			439	-2,797	-2,115	-1,698	-2,796	-2,826	4,603
	Gross borrowing		3,983	3,341	1,930	2,272	1,571	940	5,321
	Amortization		-3,544	-6,138	-4,045	-3,970	-4,367	-3,766	-718
Trade-related credits			448	59	683	-737	18	-669	-436
Commercial banks			-684	-44	-1,087	-412	-427	2,055	-1,822
	Foreign assets		-774	41	-1,079	-446	-1,593	2,055	-1,855
	Foreign liabilities		90	-85	-8	34	1,166	0	33
Short-term capital (including errors and omissions)			1,739	7,355	11,382	-772	1,305	926	-2,790
Capital account			2,275	4,932	8,963	-3,449	-1,775	-464	3,111
Overall balance			-5,433	-2,794	-5,674	-5,857	-2,708	1,141	7,983
Financing			5,433	2,794	5,674	5,857	2,708	-1,141	-7,983
	Central bank		1,388	-3,598	1,661	1,440	-1,727	-4,978	-11,384
		Gross foreign assets of central bank	1,307	-3,528	1,652	1,717	-1,714	-4,722	-11,863
		Net use of Fund credit	0	0	-108	-108	-199	-172	-315
		Others (net)	81	-70	117	-169	186	-84	793
	Valuation change		0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Change in arrears		3,239	2,958	1,793	4,417	4,435	3,837	3,402
	Exceptional financing		807	3,434	2,220	0	0	0	0
	Financing gap		0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Memorandum items:
	Gross foreign assets of the central bank		16,422	19,950	18,298	16,581	18,295	23,017	34,879
		In months of imports of goods and nonfactor services	5.1	6.5	5.5	6.0	63	8.6	11.9
	Nominal stock of debt (in percent) of GDP ^1/		134	132	125	124	115	111	102
	Debt service (in percent of exports of goods and nonfactor Services)		25.4	42.7	30.0	45.5	38.0	30.6	27.8

Sources: Central Bank of the Comoros; Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff estimates and projections.

^{^1/}Including arrears.

Table 29.

Comoros: Balance of Payments, 1995-2001

(In millions of Comorian francs, unless otherwise indicated)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Trade balance			-15,791	-16,357	-18,446	-16,099	-15,823	-12,647	-12,913
	Exports, f.o.b.		4,235	2,436	2,630	2,632	4,181	7,263	8,962
		Vanilla	2,320	1,035	1,119	1,058	1,835	4,105	5,400
		Cloves	133	210	360	ISO	1,177	2,012	2,433
		Ylang-ylang	855	645	716	582	563	887	999
		Other	927	546	435	812	606	259	130
	Imports, f.o.b.		-20,026	-18,793	-21,077	-18,731	-20,004	-19,910	-21,875
Services balance (net)			-5,361	-3,894	-4,553	-5,660	-5,365	-2,968	-1,977
	Freight and insurance		-5,385	-5,056	-5,699	-5,100	-5,447	-5,947	-6,534
	Other transportation		-1,855	-2,027	-2,056	-69	-183	-59	-62
	Travel		5,363	6,806	7,010	3,000	3,500	3,680	4,368
	Investment income		1,193	918	989	815	1,057	1,068	1,664
	Interest payments		-812	-777	-887	-978	-964	-890	-429
	Other services		-3,865	-3,756	-3,909	-3,328	-3328	-819	-984
Private transfers (net)			3,260	4,626	0	11,946	13,039	12,680	14,430
Current account (excluding official transfers)			-17,892	-15,625	-22,999	-9,813	-8,149	-2,935	-460
Official transfers			10,183	7,898	8,362	7,405	7,216	4,539	5,332
Current account (including official transfers)			-7,708	-7,727	-14,637	-2,408	-934	1,604	4,872
Direct investment			333	360	100	170	125	50	56
Medium- and long-term borrowing			439	-2,797	-2,115	-1,698	-2,796	-2,826	4,603
	Gross borrowing		3,983	3,341	1,930	2,272	1,571	940	5,321
	Amortization		-3,544	-6,138	-4,045	-3,970	-4,367	-3,766	-718
Trade-related credits			448	59	683	-737	18	-669	-436
Commercial banks			-684	-44	-1,087	-412	-427	2,055	-1,822
	Foreign assets		-774	41	-1,079	-446	-1,593	2,055	-1,855
	Foreign liabilities		90	-85	-8	34	1,166	0	33
Short-term capital (including errors and omissions)			1,739	7,355	11,382	-772	1,305	926	-2,790
Capital account			2,275	4,932	8,963	-3,449	-1,775	-464	3,111
Overall balance			-5,433	-2,794	-5,674	-5,857	-2,708	1,141	7,983
Financing			5,433	2,794	5,674	5,857	2,708	-1,141	-7,983
	Central bank		1,388	-3,598	1,661	1,440	-1,727	-4,978	-11,384
		Gross foreign assets of central bank	1,307	-3,528	1,652	1,717	-1,714	-4,722	-11,863
		Net use of Fund credit	0	0	-108	-108	-199	-172	-315
		Others (net)	81	-70	117	-169	186	-84	793
	Valuation change		0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Change in arrears		3,239	2,958	1,793	4,417	4,435	3,837	3,402
	Exceptional financing		807	3,434	2,220	0	0	0	0
	Financing gap		0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Memorandum items:
	Gross foreign assets of the central bank		16,422	19,950	18,298	16,581	18,295	23,017	34,879
		In months of imports of goods and nonfactor services	5.1	6.5	5.5	6.0	63	8.6	11.9
	Nominal stock of debt (in percent) of GDP ^1/		134	132	125	124	115	111	102
	Debt service (in percent of exports of goods and nonfactor Services)		25.4	42.7	30.0	45.5	38.0	30.6	27.8

Sources: Central Bank of the Comoros; Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff estimates and projections.

^{^1/}Including arrears.

Table 30.

Comoros: Balance of Payments, 1995-2001

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Sources: Central Bank of the Comoros; Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff estimates and projections.

^{^1/}Including arrears.

Table 30.

Comoros: Balance of Payments, 1995-2001

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Trade balance			-42.2	-42.6	-42.1	-36.4	-34.3	-23.7	-23.5
	Exports, f.o.b.		11.3	6.3	6.0	5.9	9.1	13.6	16.3
		Vanilla	6.2	2.7	2.6	2.4	4.0	7.7	9.8
		Cloves	0.4	0.5	0.8	0.4	2.5	3.8	4.4
		Ylang-ylang	2.3	1.7	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.7	1.8
		Other	2.5	1.4	1.0	1.8	1.3	0.5	0.2
	Imports, f.o.b.		-53.5	-49.0	-48.1	-42.3	-43.3	-37.3	-39.8
Services balance (net)			-143	-10.1	-10.4	-12.8	-11.6	-5.6	-3.6
	Freight and insurance		-14.4	-13.2	-13.0	-11.5	-11.8	-11.1	-11.9
	Other transportation		-5.0	-5.3	-4.7	-0.2	-0.4	-0.1	-0.1
	Travel		14.3	17.7	16.0	6.8	7.6	6.9	8.0
	Investment income		3.2	2.4	2.3	1.8	2.3	2.0	3.0
	Interest payments		-22	-2.0	-2.0	-2.2	-2.1	-1.7	-0.8
	Other service		-103	-9.8	-8.9	-7.5	-12	-1.5	-1.8
Private transfers (net)			8.7	12.1	0.0	27.0	28.2	23.7	263
Current account (excluding official transfers)			-47.8	-40.7	-52.5	-22.2	-17.6	-5.5	-0.8
Official transfers			27.2	20.6	19.1	16.7	15.6	8.5	9.7
Current account (including official transfers)			-20.6	-20.1	-33.4	-5.4	-2.0	3.0	8.9
Direct investment			0.9	0.9	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.1
Medium- and long-term borrowing			1.2	-7.3	-4.8	-3.8	-6.1	-5.3	8.4
	Gross borrowing		10.6	8.7	4.4	5.1	3.4	1.8	9.7
	Amortization		-9.5	-16.0	-9.2	-9.0	-9.5	-7.1	-1.3
Trade-related credits			1.2	0.2	1.6	-1.7	0.0	-1.3	-0.8
Commercial banks			-1.8	-0.1	-2.5	-0.9	-0.9	3.8	-3.3
	Foreign assets		-2.1	0.1	-2.5	-1.0	-3.4	3.8	-3.4
	Foreign liabilities		0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.1	2.5	0.0	0.1
Short-term capital (including errors and omissions)			4.6	19.2	26.0	-1.7	2.8	1.7	-5.1
Capital account			6.1	12.9	20.5	-7.8	-3.8	-0.9	5.7
Overall balance			-14.5	-7.3	-13.0	-13.2	-5.9	2.1	14.5
Financing			14.5	7.3	13.0	13.2	5.9	-2.1	-14.5
	Central bank		3.7	-9.4	3.8	3.3	-3.7	-9.3	-20.7
		Gross foreign assets of central bank	3.5	-9.2	3.8	3.9	-3.7	-8.8	-21.6
		Net use of Fund credit	0.0	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4	-0.3	-0.6
		Others (net)	0.2	-0.2	0.3	-0.4	0.4	-0.2	1.4
	Valuation change		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Change in arrears		8.7	7.7	4.1	10.0	9.6	7.2	6.2
	Exceptional financing		2.2	8.9	5.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Financing		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Memorandum items:
	Gross foreign assets of the central bank		43.9	52.0	41.8	37.5	39.6	43.1	63.5
		In months of imports of goods and nonfactor services	5.1	6.5	5.5	6.0	6.3	8.6	11.9
	Nominal stock of debt (in percent of GDP) ^1/		134.2	131.9	125.2	124.5	115.1	111.3	102.3
	Debt service (in percent of exports of goods and nonfactor services)		25.4	42.7	30.0	45.5	38.0	30.6	27.8

Sources: Central Bank of the Comoros; Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff estimates and projections.

^{^1/}Including arrears.

Table 30.

Comoros: Balance of Payments, 1995-2001

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Trade balance			-42.2	-42.6	-42.1	-36.4	-34.3	-23.7	-23.5
	Exports, f.o.b.		11.3	6.3	6.0	5.9	9.1	13.6	16.3
		Vanilla	6.2	2.7	2.6	2.4	4.0	7.7	9.8
		Cloves	0.4	0.5	0.8	0.4	2.5	3.8	4.4
		Ylang-ylang	2.3	1.7	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.7	1.8
		Other	2.5	1.4	1.0	1.8	1.3	0.5	0.2
	Imports, f.o.b.		-53.5	-49.0	-48.1	-42.3	-43.3	-37.3	-39.8
Services balance (net)			-143	-10.1	-10.4	-12.8	-11.6	-5.6	-3.6
	Freight and insurance		-14.4	-13.2	-13.0	-11.5	-11.8	-11.1	-11.9
	Other transportation		-5.0	-5.3	-4.7	-0.2	-0.4	-0.1	-0.1
	Travel		14.3	17.7	16.0	6.8	7.6	6.9	8.0
	Investment income		3.2	2.4	2.3	1.8	2.3	2.0	3.0
	Interest payments		-22	-2.0	-2.0	-2.2	-2.1	-1.7	-0.8
	Other service		-103	-9.8	-8.9	-7.5	-12	-1.5	-1.8
Private transfers (net)			8.7	12.1	0.0	27.0	28.2	23.7	263
Current account (excluding official transfers)			-47.8	-40.7	-52.5	-22.2	-17.6	-5.5	-0.8
Official transfers			27.2	20.6	19.1	16.7	15.6	8.5	9.7
Current account (including official transfers)			-20.6	-20.1	-33.4	-5.4	-2.0	3.0	8.9
Direct investment			0.9	0.9	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.1
Medium- and long-term borrowing			1.2	-7.3	-4.8	-3.8	-6.1	-5.3	8.4
	Gross borrowing		10.6	8.7	4.4	5.1	3.4	1.8	9.7
	Amortization		-9.5	-16.0	-9.2	-9.0	-9.5	-7.1	-1.3
Trade-related credits			1.2	0.2	1.6	-1.7	0.0	-1.3	-0.8
Commercial banks			-1.8	-0.1	-2.5	-0.9	-0.9	3.8	-3.3
	Foreign assets		-2.1	0.1	-2.5	-1.0	-3.4	3.8	-3.4
	Foreign liabilities		0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.1	2.5	0.0	0.1
Short-term capital (including errors and omissions)			4.6	19.2	26.0	-1.7	2.8	1.7	-5.1
Capital account			6.1	12.9	20.5	-7.8	-3.8	-0.9	5.7
Overall balance			-14.5	-7.3	-13.0	-13.2	-5.9	2.1	14.5
Financing			14.5	7.3	13.0	13.2	5.9	-2.1	-14.5
	Central bank		3.7	-9.4	3.8	3.3	-3.7	-9.3	-20.7
		Gross foreign assets of central bank	3.5	-9.2	3.8	3.9	-3.7	-8.8	-21.6
		Net use of Fund credit	0.0	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4	-0.3	-0.6
		Others (net)	0.2	-0.2	0.3	-0.4	0.4	-0.2	1.4
	Valuation change		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Change in arrears		8.7	7.7	4.1	10.0	9.6	7.2	6.2
	Exceptional financing		2.2	8.9	5.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Financing		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Memorandum items:
	Gross foreign assets of the central bank		43.9	52.0	41.8	37.5	39.6	43.1	63.5
		In months of imports of goods and nonfactor services	5.1	6.5	5.5	6.0	6.3	8.6	11.9
	Nominal stock of debt (in percent of GDP) ^1/		134.2	131.9	125.2	124.5	115.1	111.3	102.3
	Debt service (in percent of exports of goods and nonfactor services)		25.4	42.7	30.0	45.5	38.0	30.6	27.8

Sources: Central Bank of the Comoros; Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff estimates and projections.

^{^1/}Including arrears.

Table 31.

Comores: Volume and Value of Principal Exports, f.o.b., 1995-2001

Source: General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}Calculated by Fund staff.

Table 31.

Comores: Volume and Value of Principal Exports, f.o.b., 1995-2001

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
(Value in millions of Comorian francs; volume in metric tons; unit value in Comorian francs per kilogram)
Vanilla
	Value	2,320	1,035	1,119	1,058	1,835	4,105	5,400
	Volume	154	91	164	132	184	159	120
	Unit value	15,085	11,325	6,819	8,015	9,973	25,818	45,000
Clove buds
	Value	133	210	360	180	1,177	2,012	2,433
	Volume	483	822	1,583	722	1,042	1,556	1,106
	Unit value	276	255	227	249	1,130	1,293	2,200
Ylang-ylang
	Value	855	645	716	582	563	887	999
	Volume	43	36	42	41	40	40	40
	Unit value	19,700	18,160	16,884	14,195	14,075	22,175	24,717
Other products
	Value	927	546	435	812	606	259	130
	Total value	4,235	2,436	2,630	2,632	4,181	7,263	8,962
Memorandum item:
	Export price index ^1/	73.0	61.7	49.2	45.0	92.7	165.3	131.7

Source: General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}Calculated by Fund staff.

Table 31.

Comores: Volume and Value of Principal Exports, f.o.b., 1995-2001

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
(Value in millions of Comorian francs; volume in metric tons; unit value in Comorian francs per kilogram)
Vanilla
	Value	2,320	1,035	1,119	1,058	1,835	4,105	5,400
	Volume	154	91	164	132	184	159	120
	Unit value	15,085	11,325	6,819	8,015	9,973	25,818	45,000
Clove buds
	Value	133	210	360	180	1,177	2,012	2,433
	Volume	483	822	1,583	722	1,042	1,556	1,106
	Unit value	276	255	227	249	1,130	1,293	2,200
Ylang-ylang
	Value	855	645	716	582	563	887	999
	Volume	43	36	42	41	40	40	40
	Unit value	19,700	18,160	16,884	14,195	14,075	22,175	24,717
Other products
	Value	927	546	435	812	606	259	130
	Total value	4,235	2,436	2,630	2,632	4,181	7,263	8,962
Memorandum item:
	Export price index ^1/	73.0	61.7	49.2	45.0	92.7	165.3	131.7

Source: General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}Calculated by Fund staff.

Table 32.

Comoros: Volume and Value of Principal Imports, c.i.f., 1995-2001

Source: General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}Including fabrications.

^{^2/}Balance of payments basis, including adjustments for coverage, valuation and recording errors.

^{^3/}Calculated by the Fund staff.

Table 32.

Comoros: Volume and Value of Principal Imports, c.i.f., 1995-2001

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
(Value in millions of Comorian francs; volume in metric tons; unit value in Comorian francs per kilogram)
Rice
	Value	5,252	3,318	3,947	4,076	3,536	3,888	4,053
	Volume	41,650	30,538	34,323	34,718	35,353	30,000	35,000
	Unit value	126	109	115	117	100	130	116
Meat
	Value	1,617	1,456	2,469	2,357	2,671	2,362	2,537
	Volume	2,574	2,373	3,205	3,261	3,327	3,200	3,200
	Unit value	628	613	770	723	803	738	793
Petroleum products
	Value	2,897	1,509	1,384	965	1,426	4,641	5,494
	Volume	33,962	15,663	16,380	16,663	17,144	33,338	45,103
	Unit value	85	96	84	58	83	139	122
Cement
	Value	1,652	880	843	833	878	1,260	1,403
	Volume	43,315	24,088	24,088	24,504	25,094	36,015	40,000
	Unit value	38	37	35	34	35	35	35
Iron and steel ^1/
	Value	804	858	668	711	691	601	718
	Volume	3,461	3,299	3,168	3,223	3,300	2,234	2,481
	Unit value	232	260	211	221	209	269	289
Other products
	Value ^2/	13,189	15,828	17,464	17,405	19,344	13,106	14,204
	Total value ^2/	25,411	23,849	26,776	23,831	25,451	25,857	28,409
Memorandum item:
	Import price index ^3/	153.8	149.3	159.6	172.2	185.8	193.2	188.0

Source: General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}Including fabrications.

^{^2/}Balance of payments basis, including adjustments for coverage, valuation and recording errors.

^{^3/}Calculated by the Fund staff.

Table 32.

Comoros: Volume and Value of Principal Imports, c.i.f., 1995-2001

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
(Value in millions of Comorian francs; volume in metric tons; unit value in Comorian francs per kilogram)
Rice
	Value	5,252	3,318	3,947	4,076	3,536	3,888	4,053
	Volume	41,650	30,538	34,323	34,718	35,353	30,000	35,000
	Unit value	126	109	115	117	100	130	116
Meat
	Value	1,617	1,456	2,469	2,357	2,671	2,362	2,537
	Volume	2,574	2,373	3,205	3,261	3,327	3,200	3,200
	Unit value	628	613	770	723	803	738	793
Petroleum products
	Value	2,897	1,509	1,384	965	1,426	4,641	5,494
	Volume	33,962	15,663	16,380	16,663	17,144	33,338	45,103
	Unit value	85	96	84	58	83	139	122
Cement
	Value	1,652	880	843	833	878	1,260	1,403
	Volume	43,315	24,088	24,088	24,504	25,094	36,015	40,000
	Unit value	38	37	35	34	35	35	35
Iron and steel ^1/
	Value	804	858	668	711	691	601	718
	Volume	3,461	3,299	3,168	3,223	3,300	2,234	2,481
	Unit value	232	260	211	221	209	269	289
Other products
	Value ^2/	13,189	15,828	17,464	17,405	19,344	13,106	14,204
	Total value ^2/	25,411	23,849	26,776	23,831	25,451	25,857	28,409
Memorandum item:
	Import price index ^3/	153.8	149.3	159.6	172.2	185.8	193.2	188.0

Source: General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}Including fabrications.

^{^2/}Balance of payments basis, including adjustments for coverage, valuation and recording errors.

^{^3/}Calculated by the Fund staff.

Table 33.

Comoros: Geographical Distribution of Trade, 1995-2001

(In percent)

Source: General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}Data for the first 11 months.

Table 33.

Comoros: Geographical Distribution of Trade, 1995-2001

(In percent)

				1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
								^1/
Exports				100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	…
	European Union			45.5	60.1	52.3	68.7	43.4	50.3	…
		Of which
			France	36.9	48.5	42.5	54.7	29.1	38.6	…
			Germany	8.1	14.9	12.0	12.6	14.0	6.6	…
			Netherlands	0.4	2.5	1.7	0.2	1.5	0.0	…
	Africa			18.6	18.6	16.5	18.3	6.3	8.7	…
	United States			34.7	11.5	19.3	5.4	33.8	19.9	…
	Rest of the world			1.1	9.8	11.9	7.7	16.5	21.1	…
Imports				100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	…
	European Union			35.3	46.4	42.4	44.8	45.8	44.3	…
		Of which
			Belgium-Luxembourg	0.7	2.0	2.3	1.4	3.1	3.8	…
			France	31.7	41.8	34.9	36.1	37.6	36.6	…
			Germany	0.5	1.2	2.0	2.3	1.0	1.5	…
			Netherlands	0.7	0.8	1.4	2.1	1.2	0.9	…
	Other European countries			2.0	4.5	2.9	1.8	0.8	1.0	…
		Of which
			Romania	1.1	1.5	2.1	0.3	0.0	0.0	…
			Switzerland	0.4	1.1	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.4	…
	Africa			18.3	20.2	23.7	22.2	31.6	26.2	…
		Of which
			Kenya	4.3	7.0	6.9	7.5	7.7	10.8	…
			Madagascar	1.1	1.4	1.4	1.7	2.4	1.8	…
			Mauritius	1.3	1.3	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.5	…
			Reunion (Overseas Dept of France)	3.4	2.9	3.6	2.1	9.8	2.0	…
			South Africa	6.9	7.0	10.6	9.0	9.7	9.0	…
	Asia			43.1	28.3	30.8	30.7	21.4	28.0	…
		Of which
			China	5.1	0.7	0.3	0.0	0.2	1.1	…
			Japan	1.3	0.4	0.1	3.8	4.1	0.7	…
			Kuwait	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	…
			Pakistan	4.0	8.1	10.1	12.1	0.1	13.7	…
			Saudi Arabia	9.4	3.2	2.4	1.0	0.9	1.2	…
			Singapore	2.2	1.8	1.2	1.9	0.3	0.6	…
			Thailand	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	…
			Vietnam	0.0	6.1	5.0	0.0	3.2	0.0	…
United States				0.8	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.3	…
Rest of the world				0.4	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	…

Source: General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}Data for the first 11 months.

Table 33.

Comoros: Geographical Distribution of Trade, 1995-2001

(In percent)

				1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
								^1/
Exports				100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	…
	European Union			45.5	60.1	52.3	68.7	43.4	50.3	…
		Of which
			France	36.9	48.5	42.5	54.7	29.1	38.6	…
			Germany	8.1	14.9	12.0	12.6	14.0	6.6	…
			Netherlands	0.4	2.5	1.7	0.2	1.5	0.0	…
	Africa			18.6	18.6	16.5	18.3	6.3	8.7	…
	United States			34.7	11.5	19.3	5.4	33.8	19.9	…
	Rest of the world			1.1	9.8	11.9	7.7	16.5	21.1	…
Imports				100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	…
	European Union			35.3	46.4	42.4	44.8	45.8	44.3	…
		Of which
			Belgium-Luxembourg	0.7	2.0	2.3	1.4	3.1	3.8	…
			France	31.7	41.8	34.9	36.1	37.6	36.6	…
			Germany	0.5	1.2	2.0	2.3	1.0	1.5	…
			Netherlands	0.7	0.8	1.4	2.1	1.2	0.9	…
	Other European countries			2.0	4.5	2.9	1.8	0.8	1.0	…
		Of which
			Romania	1.1	1.5	2.1	0.3	0.0	0.0	…
			Switzerland	0.4	1.1	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.4	…
	Africa			18.3	20.2	23.7	22.2	31.6	26.2	…
		Of which
			Kenya	4.3	7.0	6.9	7.5	7.7	10.8	…
			Madagascar	1.1	1.4	1.4	1.7	2.4	1.8	…
			Mauritius	1.3	1.3	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.5	…
			Reunion (Overseas Dept of France)	3.4	2.9	3.6	2.1	9.8	2.0	…
			South Africa	6.9	7.0	10.6	9.0	9.7	9.0	…
	Asia			43.1	28.3	30.8	30.7	21.4	28.0	…
		Of which
			China	5.1	0.7	0.3	0.0	0.2	1.1	…
			Japan	1.3	0.4	0.1	3.8	4.1	0.7	…
			Kuwait	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	…
			Pakistan	4.0	8.1	10.1	12.1	0.1	13.7	…
			Saudi Arabia	9.4	3.2	2.4	1.0	0.9	1.2	…
			Singapore	2.2	1.8	1.2	1.9	0.3	0.6	…
			Thailand	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	…
			Vietnam	0.0	6.1	5.0	0.0	3.2	0.0	…
United States				0.8	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.3	…
Rest of the world				0.4	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	…

Source: General Directorate of Customs.

^{^1/}Data for the first 11 months.

Table 34.

Comoros: External Debt Payments Arrears by Creditors, 1995-2001

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Source: Ministry of Finance.

^{^1/}Disbursed, outstanding, and not yet due.

Table 34.

Comoros: External Debt Payments Arrears by Creditors, 1995-2001

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Multilateral creditors			149.3	135.7	131.5	134.2	123.9	120.8	132.1
	International Development Association		59.7	61.1	64.1	68.6	65.6	70.6	79.0
	International Fund for Agricultural Development		3.4	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.4	5.8	6.0
	African Development Bank Group		59.0	49.9	44.4	42.3	39.0	36.3	33.2
	Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa		5.0	3.5	3.0	3.1	1.9	0.7	…
	International Monetary Fund		3.3	3.2	2.9	2.7	2.6	1.5	0.8
	Islamic Development Bank		9.8	8.8	8.5	8.6	8.2	4.8	8.1
	Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Special Fund		2.9	2.1	1.9	2.0	1.5	0.2	2.8
	Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development		6.2	4.3	3.9	4.2	2.8	…	…
	European Development Fund/European Investment Bank		…	…	…	…	…	0.9	2.1
Bilateral loans			39.7	31.0	28.0	27.1	21.1	20.1	11.8
	Abu Dhabi		0.8	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	…	…
	China		0.8	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.5	2.7	2.2
	France		…	…	…	…	…	2.4	2.1
	Kuwait		24.9	20.2	18.6	18.2	14.9	13.4	7.4
	Saudi Arabia		13.2	9.7	8.2	7.5	5.0	1.6	0.1
		Total ^1/	189.0	166.7	159.5	161.3	345.0	140.9	143.9
Arrears
	Principal		22.1	25.6	30.4	37.6	40.0	57.1	…
	Interest		7.2	8.1	9.3	11.1	12.0	26.6	…
	Total arrears		29.3	33.6	39.7	48.7	52.0	83.7	83.3
Stock of debt			238.3	200.3	199.1	210.0	197.0	224.6	227.2

Source: Ministry of Finance.

^{^1/}Disbursed, outstanding, and not yet due.

Table 34.

Comoros: External Debt Payments Arrears by Creditors, 1995-2001

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Multilateral creditors			149.3	135.7	131.5	134.2	123.9	120.8	132.1
	International Development Association		59.7	61.1	64.1	68.6	65.6	70.6	79.0
	International Fund for Agricultural Development		3.4	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.4	5.8	6.0
	African Development Bank Group		59.0	49.9	44.4	42.3	39.0	36.3	33.2
	Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa		5.0	3.5	3.0	3.1	1.9	0.7	…
	International Monetary Fund		3.3	3.2	2.9	2.7	2.6	1.5	0.8
	Islamic Development Bank		9.8	8.8	8.5	8.6	8.2	4.8	8.1
	Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Special Fund		2.9	2.1	1.9	2.0	1.5	0.2	2.8
	Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development		6.2	4.3	3.9	4.2	2.8	…	…
	European Development Fund/European Investment Bank		…	…	…	…	…	0.9	2.1
Bilateral loans			39.7	31.0	28.0	27.1	21.1	20.1	11.8
	Abu Dhabi		0.8	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	…	…
	China		0.8	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.5	2.7	2.2
	France		…	…	…	…	…	2.4	2.1
	Kuwait		24.9	20.2	18.6	18.2	14.9	13.4	7.4
	Saudi Arabia		13.2	9.7	8.2	7.5	5.0	1.6	0.1
		Total ^1/	189.0	166.7	159.5	161.3	345.0	140.9	143.9
Arrears
	Principal		22.1	25.6	30.4	37.6	40.0	57.1	…
	Interest		7.2	8.1	9.3	11.1	12.0	26.6	…
	Total arrears		29.3	33.6	39.7	48.7	52.0	83.7	83.3
Stock of debt			238.3	200.3	199.1	210.0	197.0	224.6	227.2

Source: Ministry of Finance.

^{^1/}Disbursed, outstanding, and not yet due.

Table 35.

Comoros: External Debt Payments Arrears by Creditors, 1995-2001

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Sources: For 1995-99, Ministry of Finance; for 2000/01, Comorian authorities, creditor records, and Fund staff estimates.

Table 35.

Comoros: External Debt Payments Arrears by Creditors, 1995-2001

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Multilateral creditors		25.7	27.1	30.0	34.6	35.9	54.5	51.2
	International Development Association	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.0
	International Monetary Fund	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	African Development Bank	5.3	6.4	7.4	8.6	9.5	15.5	19.8
	Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa	7.8	7.7	8.5	10.1	10.0	24.4	24.9
	International Fund for Agricultural Development	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
	Organization of Petroleum Export Countries Special Fund	2.9	2.8	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.4	3.6
	Islamic Development Bank	0.4	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.6	11.2	2.9
	Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development	7.6	7.3	7.8	9.0	8.7	…	…
Bilateral creditors		3.6	6.6	9.7	14.1	16.2	29.2	32.1
	France	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	1.0
	China	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	3.6	1.8
	Kuwait	1.0	2.2	3.6	5.3	6.3	10.1	12.7
	Saudi Arabia	1.5	3.2	4.9	7.5	8.7	14.1	15.5
	United Arab Emirates	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	1.1
Total 1/		29.3	33.6	39.7	48.7	52.0	83.7	83.3
Of which
	Principal	22.1	25.6	30.4	37.6	40.0	57.1	…
	Interest	7.2	8.1	9.3	11.1	12.0	26.6	…

Sources: For 1995-99, Ministry of Finance; for 2000/01, Comorian authorities, creditor records, and Fund staff estimates.

Table 35.

Comoros: External Debt Payments Arrears by Creditors, 1995-2001

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Multilateral creditors		25.7	27.1	30.0	34.6	35.9	54.5	51.2
	International Development Association	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.0
	International Monetary Fund	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	African Development Bank	5.3	6.4	7.4	8.6	9.5	15.5	19.8
	Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa	7.8	7.7	8.5	10.1	10.0	24.4	24.9
	International Fund for Agricultural Development	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
	Organization of Petroleum Export Countries Special Fund	2.9	2.8	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.4	3.6
	Islamic Development Bank	0.4	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.6	11.2	2.9
	Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development	7.6	7.3	7.8	9.0	8.7	…	…
Bilateral creditors		3.6	6.6	9.7	14.1	16.2	29.2	32.1
	France	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	1.0
	China	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	3.6	1.8
	Kuwait	1.0	2.2	3.6	5.3	6.3	10.1	12.7
	Saudi Arabia	1.5	3.2	4.9	7.5	8.7	14.1	15.5
	United Arab Emirates	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	1.1
Total 1/		29.3	33.6	39.7	48.7	52.0	83.7	83.3
Of which
	Principal	22.1	25.6	30.4	37.6	40.0	57.1	…
	Interest	7.2	8.1	9.3	11.1	12.0	26.6	…

Sources: For 1995-99, Ministry of Finance; for 2000/01, Comorian authorities, creditor records, and Fund staff estimates.

Table 36.

Comoros: External Debt-Service Payments by Creditors, 1995-2001

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Source: Ministry of Finance.

^{^1/}Includes debt rescheduled to 1996.

^{^2/}Includes debt cancellations in 1994.

Table 36.

Comoros: External Debt-Service Payments by Creditors, 1995-2001

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Principal due			937	9.51	9.51	8.79	9.71	…	…
	of which: paid		0.45	0.96	0.89	0.57	1.18	…	…
Multilateral creditors			4.47	4.55	4.21	4.04	5.00	…	…
	International Development Association		0.38	0.39	0.47	0.45	0.58	0.60	…
	International Monetary Fund		0.00	0.00	0.25	0.24	0.43	0.32	…
	African Development Bank		1.12	1.16	0.69	0.68	1.05	…	…
		of which; African Development Fund	0.32	0.29	0.26	0.28	0.47	…	…
	Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa		0.63	0.68	0.72	0.70	0.78	…	…
	International Fund for Agricultural Development		0.06	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	…
	Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Special Fund (OPEC)		0.30	0.31	0.29	0.23	0.06	…	…
	Islamic Development Bank ^1/		0.97	0.93	0.76	0.73	0.84	0.13	…
	Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development		0.69	0.72	0.72	0.67	0.71	…	…
Bilateral creditors			4.90	4.96	5.30	4.75	4.71	…	…
	France ^2/		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	…	…
	China		0.24	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	…	…
	Kuwait		1.19	1.37	1.48	1.49	1.75	…	…
	Saudi Arabia		3.41	3.51	3.71	3.23	2.93	…	…
	United Arab Emirates		0.07	0.08	0.08	0.00	0.00	…	…
Interest due			2.45	2.46	2.26	2.18	2.12	…	…
	of which: paid		0.47	0.52	0.55	0.16	0.97	…	…
Multilateral creditors			2.11	2.15	1.98	1.95	1.91	…	…
	International Development Association		0.46	0.57	0.51	0.52	0.56	0.58	…
	International Monetary Fund		0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	…
	African Development Bank		0.77	0.73	0.68	0.67	0.52	…	…
		of which: African Development Fund	0.35	0.33	0.29	0.28	0.29	…	…
	Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa		0.35	0.37	0.37	0.34	0.37	…	…
	International Fund for Agricultural Development		0.03	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.05	…
	OPEC Special Fund		0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.06	…	…
	Islamic Development Bank		0.05	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.00	…
	Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development		0.04	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.02	…	…
Bilateral creditors			0.34	0.32	0.28	0.23	0.21	…	…
	France		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	…	…
	China		0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	…	…
	Kuwait		0.18	0.17	0.17	0.15	0.15	…	…
	Saudi Arabia		0.15	0.13	0.11	0.07	0.05	…	…
	United Arab Emirates		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	…	…
Total debt service due			11.82	11.98	11.78	10.97	11.83	…	…
	Of which: paid		0.92	1.48	1.44	0.74	2.15	…	…
Multilateral creditors			6.57	6.70	6.19	5.99	6.91	…	…
	International Development Association		0.84	0.95	0.98	0.97	1.14	1.18	…
	International Monetary Fund		0.02	0.02	0.26	0.26	0.44	0.32	…
	African Development Bank		1.89	1.89	1.37	1.35	1.57	…	…
		Of which: African Development Fund	0.67	0.62	0.55	0.57	0.76	…	…
	Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa		0.98	1.05	1.09	1.04	1.15	…	…
	International Fund for Agricultural Development		0.10	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.13	0.11	…
	OPEC Special Fund		0.33	0.34	0.31	0.24	0.13	…	…
	Islamic Development Bank ^2/		1.02	0.98	0.79	0.76	0.87	0.13	…
	Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development		0.73	0.75	0.75	0.69	0.73	…	…
Bilateral creditors			5.25	5.28	5.59	4.98	4.91	…	…
	France		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	…	…
	China		0.24	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	…	…
	Kuwait		1.37	1.54	1.65	1.64	1.90	…	…
	Saudi Arabia		3.56	3.63	3.82	3.31	2.98	…	…
	United Arab Emirates		0.07	0.08	0.08	0.00	0.00	…	…

Source: Ministry of Finance.

^{^1/}Includes debt rescheduled to 1996.

^{^2/}Includes debt cancellations in 1994.

Table 36.

Comoros: External Debt-Service Payments by Creditors, 1995-2001

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Principal due			937	9.51	9.51	8.79	9.71	…	…
	of which: paid		0.45	0.96	0.89	0.57	1.18	…	…
Multilateral creditors			4.47	4.55	4.21	4.04	5.00	…	…
	International Development Association		0.38	0.39	0.47	0.45	0.58	0.60	…
	International Monetary Fund		0.00	0.00	0.25	0.24	0.43	0.32	…
	African Development Bank		1.12	1.16	0.69	0.68	1.05	…	…
		of which; African Development Fund	0.32	0.29	0.26	0.28	0.47	…	…
	Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa		0.63	0.68	0.72	0.70	0.78	…	…
	International Fund for Agricultural Development		0.06	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	…
	Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Special Fund (OPEC)		0.30	0.31	0.29	0.23	0.06	…	…
	Islamic Development Bank ^1/		0.97	0.93	0.76	0.73	0.84	0.13	…
	Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development		0.69	0.72	0.72	0.67	0.71	…	…
Bilateral creditors			4.90	4.96	5.30	4.75	4.71	…	…
	France ^2/		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	…	…
	China		0.24	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	…	…
	Kuwait		1.19	1.37	1.48	1.49	1.75	…	…
	Saudi Arabia		3.41	3.51	3.71	3.23	2.93	…	…
	United Arab Emirates		0.07	0.08	0.08	0.00	0.00	…	…
Interest due			2.45	2.46	2.26	2.18	2.12	…	…
	of which: paid		0.47	0.52	0.55	0.16	0.97	…	…
Multilateral creditors			2.11	2.15	1.98	1.95	1.91	…	…
	International Development Association		0.46	0.57	0.51	0.52	0.56	0.58	…
	International Monetary Fund		0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	…
	African Development Bank		0.77	0.73	0.68	0.67	0.52	…	…
		of which: African Development Fund	0.35	0.33	0.29	0.28	0.29	…	…
	Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa		0.35	0.37	0.37	0.34	0.37	…	…
	International Fund for Agricultural Development		0.03	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.05	…
	OPEC Special Fund		0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.06	…	…
	Islamic Development Bank		0.05	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.00	…
	Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development		0.04	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.02	…	…
Bilateral creditors			0.34	0.32	0.28	0.23	0.21	…	…
	France		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	…	…
	China		0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	…	…
	Kuwait		0.18	0.17	0.17	0.15	0.15	…	…
	Saudi Arabia		0.15	0.13	0.11	0.07	0.05	…	…
	United Arab Emirates		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	…	…
Total debt service due			11.82	11.98	11.78	10.97	11.83	…	…
	Of which: paid		0.92	1.48	1.44	0.74	2.15	…	…
Multilateral creditors			6.57	6.70	6.19	5.99	6.91	…	…
	International Development Association		0.84	0.95	0.98	0.97	1.14	1.18	…
	International Monetary Fund		0.02	0.02	0.26	0.26	0.44	0.32	…
	African Development Bank		1.89	1.89	1.37	1.35	1.57	…	…
		Of which: African Development Fund	0.67	0.62	0.55	0.57	0.76	…	…
	Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa		0.98	1.05	1.09	1.04	1.15	…	…
	International Fund for Agricultural Development		0.10	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.13	0.11	…
	OPEC Special Fund		0.33	0.34	0.31	0.24	0.13	…	…
	Islamic Development Bank ^2/		1.02	0.98	0.79	0.76	0.87	0.13	…
	Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development		0.73	0.75	0.75	0.69	0.73	…	…
Bilateral creditors			5.25	5.28	5.59	4.98	4.91	…	…
	France		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	…	…
	China		0.24	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	…	…
	Kuwait		1.37	1.54	1.65	1.64	1.90	…	…
	Saudi Arabia		3.56	3.63	3.82	3.31	2.98	…	…
	United Arab Emirates		0.07	0.08	0.08	0.00	0.00	…	…

Source: Ministry of Finance.

^{^1/}Includes debt rescheduled to 1996.

^{^2/}Includes debt cancellations in 1994.

Comoros: Summary of Tax System, 2001

^{^1/}Replaces former general sales tax (TGV).

Comoros: Summary of Tax System, 2001

Tax		Nature of Tax	Exemptions an Deductions	Rates
1. Taxes on net income and profits
	1.1 Taxes on miscellaneous profits (impôts sur les bénéfices divers-IBD)	Tax levied on all individuals and corporations involved in commercial activities or in other lucrative activities.	Agricultural cooperatives and credit unions, government agencies and offices, managers of low-cost housing, and enterprises eligible under the provisions of the Investment Code.	35 percent for individuals and companies with turnover < CF 500,000,000; 50 percent with turnover > CF 500,000,000.
		Advance tax payment levied by customs on imports.	International organizations and diplomats. Noncommercial imports.	1 percent of import value, c.i.f. and 5 percent for occasional imports.
	1.2 Taxes on capital income (IRCM)	Tax on distributed dividends and interest paid.	Interest on loans contracted or granted by the Development Bank, government low-cost housing offices, loan companies, agricultural credit unions, and the Caisse Française de Développement.	15 percent.
	1.3 General income tax (IGR)	General tax on income of any type, payable by all individuals habitually resident in the Comoros or not resident but receiving income in the Comoros.		CF 150,001-500,000 5 percent CF 500,001-1,000,000 10 percent CF 1,000,001-1,500,000 15 percent CF 1,500,001-2,000,000 20 percent CF 2,500,001-3,500,000 25 percent Over CF 3,500,000: 30 percent
	1.4 Single professional tax (TPU)	Tax levied on all individuals or corporations involved in commercial activities or any other lucrative operations and whose turnover is less than CF 20,000,000.	In the event that the provisions of the Investment Code are approved.	10 percent of rental value of premises.
2. Property tax
	2.1 Tax on developed or rented property (IPBL)	Annual tax on dwellings and commercial and industrial premises.	New properties used as dwellings for the first two years, and properties belonging to the government or to communes.	Dwellings: 20 percent of rental value; commercial and industrial premises: 30 percent.
	2.2 Tax on registered property	Tax levied on sold properties.	No exemption.	10 percent of sales price. 5 percent of acquisition price.
3. Taxes on goods and services
	3.1 Business license	Tax on any individual or corporation involved in trade, industry, or a profession.	Public or private sector employees, for their wage-earning activity only, manual workers, artists, farmers, agricultural cooperatives, agricultural credit unions, insurance companies, midwives, and the Caisse Française de Développement.	CF 5,000-300,000 fixed tax, depending on the activity; 10 percent proportional tax, calculated on the rental value of the premises and the value of all means of production.
	3.2 Consumption tax (TC)¹	Value-added-type tax on imports (base: c.i.f. plus single import tax) and domestic production and services, including wholesale trade (base: turnover).	Medical services are exempt. Enterprises with turnover of CF 20 million or less are exempt.	Four rates: base rate, 10 percent; basic necessities, 0 percent; water, private schools, and airline tickets, 3 percent; electricity, telephone and banking services, 5 percent.
			Exports and bunkering/petroleum products, as well as journals and newspapers, are exempt.
	3.3 Visa fee	Annual tax payable by all foreigners over 18 years of age residing in the Comoros.		1-5-day tourist visa CF 3,000 1-15-day tourist visa CF 10,000 1-45-day tourist visa CF 15,000 Long-term tourist visa CF 30,000 Residency card CF 60,000 One time exit visa CF 500 Exit-entry visa CF 2,000 Multiple-exit visa CF 20,000
	3.4 Motor vehicle tax	Annual tax on vehicles to use.	Vehicles owned by the central government or local governments, and foreign vehicles if kept in the Comoros less than three months or belonging to diplomats.	CF 9,000-22,500, depending on the age and power of the vehicle.
	3.5 Special tax on diesel engine vehicles	Annual tax on vehicles to use.	Vehicles owned by the central government or local governments, and vehicles used in agricultural activities.	CF 25,000 per unit of horsepower.
4. Taxes on international trade
	4.1 Single import tax (TUI)	All imported goods	Goods imported by the central government under grants, and goods imported by diplomatic missions.	Rates of 20 percent, 30 percent, or 40 percent of import value, c.i.f.
	4.2 Single specific tax on imports (TUS)	Selected imports.	Goods imported by the central government under grants, and goods imported by diplomatic missions.	CF 10-150 per kilogram, CF 8-200 per liter.
	4.3 Special fiscal duty (TSVF)	Levied on alcoholic beverages and tobacco products.		Alcoholic beverages: 200 percent; tobacco products, 180 percent; c.i.f.
	4.4 Statistical levy (RI)	All imported goods.	Goods imported by the central government under grants, and imports by diplomatic missions.	1 percent of customs receipts on taxable imports; 3 percent of c.i.f. value of exempt imports.
	4.5 Single tax on petroleum products (TPP)		Reduced rate applied to diplomatic missions, ships, and aircraft.	Gasoline (normal rate) CF 215/1 Gasoline (reduced rate) CF 196/1 Diesel oil (normal rate) CF 80/1 Diesel oil (reduced rate) CF 55/1 Aircraft fuel (normal rate) CF 10/1 Kerosene CF 8/1 Revenue earmarking: 10 percent to Road Fund.
	4.6 Single tax on rice			CF 100/kg for high-grade rice; CF 60/kg for ordinary rice.
	4.7 Withholding tax (ASDI)	Levied on all commercial imports.	Immediately deductible from payments of domestic taxes (IBD and TPV).	1 percent of c.i.f. value.
	4.8 Export duty			Ylang-ylang and other perfume oils: 11.6 percent; vanilla (2000/01 crop season): 5 percent.
	5. Additional centime	Levied on behalf of the Chamber of Commerce (UCCIA).		1 percent of export value, f.o.b., less export duties.

^{^1/}Replaces former general sales tax (TGV).

Comoros: Summary of Tax System, 2001

Tax		Nature of Tax	Exemptions an Deductions	Rates
1. Taxes on net income and profits
	1.1 Taxes on miscellaneous profits (impôts sur les bénéfices divers-IBD)	Tax levied on all individuals and corporations involved in commercial activities or in other lucrative activities.	Agricultural cooperatives and credit unions, government agencies and offices, managers of low-cost housing, and enterprises eligible under the provisions of the Investment Code.	35 percent for individuals and companies with turnover < CF 500,000,000; 50 percent with turnover > CF 500,000,000.
		Advance tax payment levied by customs on imports.	International organizations and diplomats. Noncommercial imports.	1 percent of import value, c.i.f. and 5 percent for occasional imports.
	1.2 Taxes on capital income (IRCM)	Tax on distributed dividends and interest paid.	Interest on loans contracted or granted by the Development Bank, government low-cost housing offices, loan companies, agricultural credit unions, and the Caisse Française de Développement.	15 percent.
	1.3 General income tax (IGR)	General tax on income of any type, payable by all individuals habitually resident in the Comoros or not resident but receiving income in the Comoros.		CF 150,001-500,000 5 percent CF 500,001-1,000,000 10 percent CF 1,000,001-1,500,000 15 percent CF 1,500,001-2,000,000 20 percent CF 2,500,001-3,500,000 25 percent Over CF 3,500,000: 30 percent
	1.4 Single professional tax (TPU)	Tax levied on all individuals or corporations involved in commercial activities or any other lucrative operations and whose turnover is less than CF 20,000,000.	In the event that the provisions of the Investment Code are approved.	10 percent of rental value of premises.
2. Property tax
	2.1 Tax on developed or rented property (IPBL)	Annual tax on dwellings and commercial and industrial premises.	New properties used as dwellings for the first two years, and properties belonging to the government or to communes.	Dwellings: 20 percent of rental value; commercial and industrial premises: 30 percent.
	2.2 Tax on registered property	Tax levied on sold properties.	No exemption.	10 percent of sales price. 5 percent of acquisition price.
3. Taxes on goods and services
	3.1 Business license	Tax on any individual or corporation involved in trade, industry, or a profession.	Public or private sector employees, for their wage-earning activity only, manual workers, artists, farmers, agricultural cooperatives, agricultural credit unions, insurance companies, midwives, and the Caisse Française de Développement.	CF 5,000-300,000 fixed tax, depending on the activity; 10 percent proportional tax, calculated on the rental value of the premises and the value of all means of production.
	3.2 Consumption tax (TC)¹	Value-added-type tax on imports (base: c.i.f. plus single import tax) and domestic production and services, including wholesale trade (base: turnover).	Medical services are exempt. Enterprises with turnover of CF 20 million or less are exempt.	Four rates: base rate, 10 percent; basic necessities, 0 percent; water, private schools, and airline tickets, 3 percent; electricity, telephone and banking services, 5 percent.
			Exports and bunkering/petroleum products, as well as journals and newspapers, are exempt.
	3.3 Visa fee	Annual tax payable by all foreigners over 18 years of age residing in the Comoros.		1-5-day tourist visa CF 3,000 1-15-day tourist visa CF 10,000 1-45-day tourist visa CF 15,000 Long-term tourist visa CF 30,000 Residency card CF 60,000 One time exit visa CF 500 Exit-entry visa CF 2,000 Multiple-exit visa CF 20,000
	3.4 Motor vehicle tax	Annual tax on vehicles to use.	Vehicles owned by the central government or local governments, and foreign vehicles if kept in the Comoros less than three months or belonging to diplomats.	CF 9,000-22,500, depending on the age and power of the vehicle.
	3.5 Special tax on diesel engine vehicles	Annual tax on vehicles to use.	Vehicles owned by the central government or local governments, and vehicles used in agricultural activities.	CF 25,000 per unit of horsepower.
4. Taxes on international trade
	4.1 Single import tax (TUI)	All imported goods	Goods imported by the central government under grants, and goods imported by diplomatic missions.	Rates of 20 percent, 30 percent, or 40 percent of import value, c.i.f.
	4.2 Single specific tax on imports (TUS)	Selected imports.	Goods imported by the central government under grants, and goods imported by diplomatic missions.	CF 10-150 per kilogram, CF 8-200 per liter.
	4.3 Special fiscal duty (TSVF)	Levied on alcoholic beverages and tobacco products.		Alcoholic beverages: 200 percent; tobacco products, 180 percent; c.i.f.
	4.4 Statistical levy (RI)	All imported goods.	Goods imported by the central government under grants, and imports by diplomatic missions.	1 percent of customs receipts on taxable imports; 3 percent of c.i.f. value of exempt imports.
	4.5 Single tax on petroleum products (TPP)		Reduced rate applied to diplomatic missions, ships, and aircraft.	Gasoline (normal rate) CF 215/1 Gasoline (reduced rate) CF 196/1 Diesel oil (normal rate) CF 80/1 Diesel oil (reduced rate) CF 55/1 Aircraft fuel (normal rate) CF 10/1 Kerosene CF 8/1 Revenue earmarking: 10 percent to Road Fund.
	4.6 Single tax on rice			CF 100/kg for high-grade rice; CF 60/kg for ordinary rice.
	4.7 Withholding tax (ASDI)	Levied on all commercial imports.	Immediately deductible from payments of domestic taxes (IBD and TPV).	1 percent of c.i.f. value.
	4.8 Export duty			Ylang-ylang and other perfume oils: 11.6 percent; vanilla (2000/01 crop season): 5 percent.
	5. Additional centime	Levied on behalf of the Chamber of Commerce (UCCIA).		1 percent of export value, f.o.b., less export duties.

^{^1/}Replaces former general sales tax (TGV).

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Comoros: Statistical Appendix

Author:

International Monetary Fund

Volume/Issue:: Volume 2004: Issue 083

Publisher:: International Monetary Fund

ISBN:: 9781451809060

ISSN:: 1934-7685

Pages:: 43

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451809060.002

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Comoros: Summary of Tax System, 2001

Tax		Nature of Tax	Exemptions an Deductions	Rates
1. Taxes on net income and profits
	1.1 Taxes on miscellaneous profits (impôts sur les bénéfices divers-IBD)	Tax levied on all individuals and corporations involved in commercial activities or in other lucrative activities.	Agricultural cooperatives and credit unions, government agencies and offices, managers of low-cost housing, and enterprises eligible under the provisions of the Investment Code.	35 percent for individuals and companies with turnover < CF 500,000,000; 50 percent with turnover > CF 500,000,000.
		Advance tax payment levied by customs on imports.	International organizations and diplomats. Noncommercial imports.	1 percent of import value, c.i.f. and 5 percent for occasional imports.
	1.2 Taxes on capital income (IRCM)	Tax on distributed dividends and interest paid.	Interest on loans contracted or granted by the Development Bank, government low-cost housing offices, loan companies, agricultural credit unions, and the Caisse Française de Développement.	15 percent.
	1.3 General income tax (IGR)	General tax on income of any type, payable by all individuals habitually resident in the Comoros or not resident but receiving income in the Comoros.		CF 150,001-500,000 5 percent CF 500,001-1,000,000 10 percent CF 1,000,001-1,500,000 15 percent CF 1,500,001-2,000,000 20 percent CF 2,500,001-3,500,000 25 percent Over CF 3,500,000: 30 percent
	1.4 Single professional tax (TPU)	Tax levied on all individuals or corporations involved in commercial activities or any other lucrative operations and whose turnover is less than CF 20,000,000.	In the event that the provisions of the Investment Code are approved.	10 percent of rental value of premises.
2. Property tax
	2.1 Tax on developed or rented property (IPBL)	Annual tax on dwellings and commercial and industrial premises.	New properties used as dwellings for the first two years, and properties belonging to the government or to communes.	Dwellings: 20 percent of rental value; commercial and industrial premises: 30 percent.
	2.2 Tax on registered property	Tax levied on sold properties.	No exemption.	10 percent of sales price. 5 percent of acquisition price.
3. Taxes on goods and services
	3.1 Business license	Tax on any individual or corporation involved in trade, industry, or a profession.	Public or private sector employees, for their wage-earning activity only, manual workers, artists, farmers, agricultural cooperatives, agricultural credit unions, insurance companies, midwives, and the Caisse Française de Développement.	CF 5,000-300,000 fixed tax, depending on the activity; 10 percent proportional tax, calculated on the rental value of the premises and the value of all means of production.
	3.2 Consumption tax (TC)¹	Value-added-type tax on imports (base: c.i.f. plus single import tax) and domestic production and services, including wholesale trade (base: turnover).	Medical services are exempt. Enterprises with turnover of CF 20 million or less are exempt.	Four rates: base rate, 10 percent; basic necessities, 0 percent; water, private schools, and airline tickets, 3 percent; electricity, telephone and banking services, 5 percent.
			Exports and bunkering/petroleum products, as well as journals and newspapers, are exempt.
	3.3 Visa fee	Annual tax payable by all foreigners over 18 years of age residing in the Comoros.		1-5-day tourist visa CF 3,000 1-15-day tourist visa CF 10,000 1-45-day tourist visa CF 15,000 Long-term tourist visa CF 30,000 Residency card CF 60,000 One time exit visa CF 500 Exit-entry visa CF 2,000 Multiple-exit visa CF 20,000
	3.4 Motor vehicle tax	Annual tax on vehicles to use.	Vehicles owned by the central government or local governments, and foreign vehicles if kept in the Comoros less than three months or belonging to diplomats.	CF 9,000-22,500, depending on the age and power of the vehicle.
	3.5 Special tax on diesel engine vehicles	Annual tax on vehicles to use.	Vehicles owned by the central government or local governments, and vehicles used in agricultural activities.	CF 25,000 per unit of horsepower.
4. Taxes on international trade
	4.1 Single import tax (TUI)	All imported goods	Goods imported by the central government under grants, and goods imported by diplomatic missions.	Rates of 20 percent, 30 percent, or 40 percent of import value, c.i.f.
	4.2 Single specific tax on imports (TUS)	Selected imports.	Goods imported by the central government under grants, and goods imported by diplomatic missions.	CF 10-150 per kilogram, CF 8-200 per liter.
	4.3 Special fiscal duty (TSVF)	Levied on alcoholic beverages and tobacco products.		Alcoholic beverages: 200 percent; tobacco products, 180 percent; c.i.f.
	4.4 Statistical levy (RI)	All imported goods.	Goods imported by the central government under grants, and imports by diplomatic missions.	1 percent of customs receipts on taxable imports; 3 percent of c.i.f. value of exempt imports.
	4.5 Single tax on petroleum products (TPP)		Reduced rate applied to diplomatic missions, ships, and aircraft.	Gasoline (normal rate) CF 215/1 Gasoline (reduced rate) CF 196/1 Diesel oil (normal rate) CF 80/1 Diesel oil (reduced rate) CF 55/1 Aircraft fuel (normal rate) CF 10/1 Kerosene CF 8/1 Revenue earmarking: 10 percent to Road Fund.
	4.6 Single tax on rice			CF 100/kg for high-grade rice; CF 60/kg for ordinary rice.
	4.7 Withholding tax (ASDI)	Levied on all commercial imports.	Immediately deductible from payments of domestic taxes (IBD and TPV).	1 percent of c.i.f. value.
	4.8 Export duty			Ylang-ylang and other perfume oils: 11.6 percent; vanilla (2000/01 crop season): 5 percent.
	5. Additional centime	Levied on behalf of the Chamber of Commerce (UCCIA).		1 percent of export value, f.o.b., less export duties.

^{^1/}Replaces former general sales tax (TGV).

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