Abstract
The econometric results show that it is feasible to estimate robust price and inflation equations for Georgia. The long-term price equation expresses prices as a function of money, the exchange rate, and real income and may be interpreted as portraying equilibrium in the goods market. The paper also represents statistical data of transportation indicators, population and employment, personal income tax, monetary survey, average monthly wages, developments in commercial banking, interest rates, prudential indicators of commercial banks, balance of payments, and so on.
VI. Fiscal Technical Assistance21
89. Since independence in 1991, Georgia has received a substantial amount of technical assistance from the international donor community covering a broad range of areas. Progress in implementing recommendations on fiscal issues, however, has been slow. The following presents an overview of the fiscal TA received by Georgia in different areas, the progress accomplished, and further reforms needed to improve fiscal policy and administration.
| Area | TA provider | Accomplishments | Needed Reforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treasury | IMF, U.S. Treasury | A central treasury and regional branches were created and computerized, treasury accounts and chart of accounts were developed, the coverage of treasury was broadened, and a basic fiscal information system was developed. | Implementation of the Single Treasury Account and of proper commitment controls are ongoing. Further assistance is needed in the areas of financial planning and cash management, introduction of international accounting standards, streamlining of tax refunds, revenue arrears reporting system, internal and external audit, and accounting and reporting. |
| Budgetary process | IMF, World Bank, U.S. Treasury | A new budget systems law (BSL) was adopted. | Budget classification, medium-term and strategic framework for budget preparation and elevation of BSL to organic law status. |
| Tax administration | IMF, World Bank, USAID | Inclusion in the tax code of a special section on tax administration, modernization of registration, return filing, and payment processes. Increase of registered taxpayers, issuance of tax identification numbers, establishment of a large taxpayers unit, improved quality of taxpayer services, increased degree of computerization, classification of the stock of tax arrears, introduction of powers to enforce collection through seizure of property. Broadening the mandate of the Ministry of Finance to include strengthened investigative powers. | Addressing corruption problems. Establishment of tax enforcement competencies. Improvement of management and technical skills of staff (ongoing). Introduction of adequate salary structure. Adoption of performance monitoring systems. Introduction of effective self-assessment system. Improvement in tax audits to curb tax evasion. Streamlining of VAT refund process. Automatization of tax arrears registration. |
| Tax policy | IMF, World Bank, USAID, U.S. Treasury | Adoption of a modern tax code. Increase in revenue to GDP ratio. Consolidation of corporate income tax rates. Introduction of adequate VAT threshold, small business taxation and fixed taxation of independent workers. | Elimination of tax incentives, exemptions, and the practice of tax advance payments. Symmetric treatment of imported and domestic excisable goods. |
| Customs | IMF, World Bank, European Customs, U.S. Customs Service UNCTAD | Development of customs clearance procedures, of an organizational structure and, network of customs offices, and computer systems. | Introduction of inspections and clearance at entry points. Improvement of control of in-transit goods. Update of organizational structure, managerial practices (ongoing with EU support), and technology in use. Solution of corruption problems (eliminate scope for discretionary action). Completion of customs legislation and regulations and conform to the revised Kyoto Convention (ongoing with EU support). Strengthening of customs’ enforcement capabilities. Improving control of exemptions. |
| Social protection | IMF, World Bank, DFID | Social protection programs have been found to be effective in alleviating poverty. | Restructuring of public pensions system to better link benefits and contributions. Broadening of coverage and reduction of evasion of contributions. Regular payment of benefits and elimination of arrears. Streamlining of administration. Internally-displaced persons (1DP) and poverty benefit programs need improved design, stricter eligibility requirements, better differentiation and a more efficient administration. |
| Intergovernmental relations | IMF, World Bank, USAID, DFID, UNDP | Adoption of a modern legislation setting expenditure responsibilities and assignment of revenues. | Improvement in the equity of the system by increasing the amount of transfers and reducing the amount of shared taxes. Shift of the responsibility of property and land tax collections to local governments. Setting an objective formula to allocate transfers to local governments. |
| Area | TA provider | Accomplishments | Needed Reforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treasury | IMF, U.S. Treasury | A central treasury and regional branches were created and computerized, treasury accounts and chart of accounts were developed, the coverage of treasury was broadened, and a basic fiscal information system was developed. | Implementation of the Single Treasury Account and of proper commitment controls are ongoing. Further assistance is needed in the areas of financial planning and cash management, introduction of international accounting standards, streamlining of tax refunds, revenue arrears reporting system, internal and external audit, and accounting and reporting. |
| Budgetary process | IMF, World Bank, U.S. Treasury | A new budget systems law (BSL) was adopted. | Budget classification, medium-term and strategic framework for budget preparation and elevation of BSL to organic law status. |
| Tax administration | IMF, World Bank, USAID | Inclusion in the tax code of a special section on tax administration, modernization of registration, return filing, and payment processes. Increase of registered taxpayers, issuance of tax identification numbers, establishment of a large taxpayers unit, improved quality of taxpayer services, increased degree of computerization, classification of the stock of tax arrears, introduction of powers to enforce collection through seizure of property. Broadening the mandate of the Ministry of Finance to include strengthened investigative powers. | Addressing corruption problems. Establishment of tax enforcement competencies. Improvement of management and technical skills of staff (ongoing). Introduction of adequate salary structure. Adoption of performance monitoring systems. Introduction of effective self-assessment system. Improvement in tax audits to curb tax evasion. Streamlining of VAT refund process. Automatization of tax arrears registration. |
| Tax policy | IMF, World Bank, USAID, U.S. Treasury | Adoption of a modern tax code. Increase in revenue to GDP ratio. Consolidation of corporate income tax rates. Introduction of adequate VAT threshold, small business taxation and fixed taxation of independent workers. | Elimination of tax incentives, exemptions, and the practice of tax advance payments. Symmetric treatment of imported and domestic excisable goods. |
| Customs | IMF, World Bank, European Customs, U.S. Customs Service UNCTAD | Development of customs clearance procedures, of an organizational structure and, network of customs offices, and computer systems. | Introduction of inspections and clearance at entry points. Improvement of control of in-transit goods. Update of organizational structure, managerial practices (ongoing with EU support), and technology in use. Solution of corruption problems (eliminate scope for discretionary action). Completion of customs legislation and regulations and conform to the revised Kyoto Convention (ongoing with EU support). Strengthening of customs’ enforcement capabilities. Improving control of exemptions. |
| Social protection | IMF, World Bank, DFID | Social protection programs have been found to be effective in alleviating poverty. | Restructuring of public pensions system to better link benefits and contributions. Broadening of coverage and reduction of evasion of contributions. Regular payment of benefits and elimination of arrears. Streamlining of administration. Internally-displaced persons (1DP) and poverty benefit programs need improved design, stricter eligibility requirements, better differentiation and a more efficient administration. |
| Intergovernmental relations | IMF, World Bank, USAID, DFID, UNDP | Adoption of a modern legislation setting expenditure responsibilities and assignment of revenues. | Improvement in the equity of the system by increasing the amount of transfers and reducing the amount of shared taxes. Shift of the responsibility of property and land tax collections to local governments. Setting an objective formula to allocate transfers to local governments. |
STATISTICAL APPENDIX
Georgia: GDP by Origin, 1997-2003
Georgia: GDP by Origin, 1997-2003
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 Ql | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of lari) | |||||||
| Nominal GDP | 4,638.1 | 5,040.2 | 5,664.9 | 6,012.7 | 6,637.8 | 7,457.1 | 1,894.1 |
| (In percent of GDP) | |||||||
| Share in GDP | |||||||
| Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing | 29.0 | 26.7 | 24.7 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 19.3 | 22.3 |
| Industry | 13.3 | 12.3 | 13.0 | 13.7 | 12.2 | 12.4 | 11.3 |
| Processing products by household | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.6 |
| Construction | 3.5 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.5 |
| Trade | 10.9 | 10.4 | 11.5 | 12.7 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 13.8 |
| Hotels and Restaurants | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.3 |
| Transport and Communications | 7.6 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 14.3 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 13.5 |
| Financial Intermediation and Real Estate | 9.9 | 9.7 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 9.1 |
| General Administration and Defense | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 2.5 |
| Education | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
| Health | 3.5 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 3.7 |
| Other | 9.1 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 8.6 |
| (In percent) | |||||||
| Real growth over same period in previous year | |||||||
| GDP | 10.6 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 7.4 |
| Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing | 3.9 | -6.6 | 6.9 | -12.0 | 8.2 | -1.4 | -0.9 |
| Industry | 4.3 | -1.8 | 3.7 | 5.3 | -4.5 | 7.8 | 5.0 |
| Processing products by household | 1.5 | -2.8 | 2.0 | -2.0 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 5.0 |
| Construction | 51.5 | 35.2 | -21.5 | 4.0 | 10.2 | 31.3 | 48.6 |
| Trade | 2.2 | 1.6 | 3.8 | 10.8 | 8.5 | 4.5 | 2.6 |
| Hotels and Restaurants | 29.0 | 6.4 | 9.4 | 7.9 | 31.8 | 7.2 | 13.4 |
| Transport and Communications | 29.0 | 48.8 | 5.7 | 12.8 | 1.5 | 10.0 | 13.1 |
| Financial Intermediation and Real Estate | 34.4 | 8.8 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 9.1 | 11.7 | 22.1 |
| General Administration and Defense | 10.3 | 9.2 | -6.3 | 0.4 | -3.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 |
| Education | -1.5 | -3.0 | -9.5 | 8.2 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 6.4 |
| Health | 0.3 | -1.0 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 1.6 | -4.8 |
| Other | -3.8 | -9.3 | 10.5 | 2.5 | 10.1 | 6.2 | 11.9 |
Georgia: GDP by Origin, 1997-2003
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 Ql | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of lari) | |||||||
| Nominal GDP | 4,638.1 | 5,040.2 | 5,664.9 | 6,012.7 | 6,637.8 | 7,457.1 | 1,894.1 |
| (In percent of GDP) | |||||||
| Share in GDP | |||||||
| Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing | 29.0 | 26.7 | 24.7 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 19.3 | 22.3 |
| Industry | 13.3 | 12.3 | 13.0 | 13.7 | 12.2 | 12.4 | 11.3 |
| Processing products by household | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.6 |
| Construction | 3.5 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.5 |
| Trade | 10.9 | 10.4 | 11.5 | 12.7 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 13.8 |
| Hotels and Restaurants | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.3 |
| Transport and Communications | 7.6 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 14.3 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 13.5 |
| Financial Intermediation and Real Estate | 9.9 | 9.7 | 9.1 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 9.1 |
| General Administration and Defense | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 2.5 |
| Education | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
| Health | 3.5 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 3.7 |
| Other | 9.1 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 8.6 |
| (In percent) | |||||||
| Real growth over same period in previous year | |||||||
| GDP | 10.6 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 7.4 |
| Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing | 3.9 | -6.6 | 6.9 | -12.0 | 8.2 | -1.4 | -0.9 |
| Industry | 4.3 | -1.8 | 3.7 | 5.3 | -4.5 | 7.8 | 5.0 |
| Processing products by household | 1.5 | -2.8 | 2.0 | -2.0 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 5.0 |
| Construction | 51.5 | 35.2 | -21.5 | 4.0 | 10.2 | 31.3 | 48.6 |
| Trade | 2.2 | 1.6 | 3.8 | 10.8 | 8.5 | 4.5 | 2.6 |
| Hotels and Restaurants | 29.0 | 6.4 | 9.4 | 7.9 | 31.8 | 7.2 | 13.4 |
| Transport and Communications | 29.0 | 48.8 | 5.7 | 12.8 | 1.5 | 10.0 | 13.1 |
| Financial Intermediation and Real Estate | 34.4 | 8.8 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 9.1 | 11.7 | 22.1 |
| General Administration and Defense | 10.3 | 9.2 | -6.3 | 0.4 | -3.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 |
| Education | -1.5 | -3.0 | -9.5 | 8.2 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 6.4 |
| Health | 0.3 | -1.0 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 1.6 | -4.8 |
| Other | -3.8 | -9.3 | 10.5 | 2.5 | 10.1 | 6.2 | 11.9 |
Georgia: Production of Selected Industrial Commodities, 1990–2002
(In thousands of tons; unless otherwise indicated)
Georgia: Production of Selected Industrial Commodities, 1990–2002
(In thousands of tons; unless otherwise indicated)
| 1990 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel and energy | ||||||||
| Electric power (in billions of kWh) | 14.2 | 7.2 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 7.3 | |
| Coal | 956.0 | 4.6 | 14.7 | 12.0 | 7.3 | 5.0 | 6.0 | |
| Oil | 186.4 | 133.8 | 119.2 | 91.3 | 109.5 | 98.8 | 73.9 | |
| Natural gas (in millions of m3) | 59.9 | … | … | … | 79.5 | 40.2 | 16.7 | |
| Gasoline | 398.5 | 4.4 | … | 3.6 | 1.8 | … | … | |
| Diesel fuel | 658.0 | 8.1 | 13.8 | 22.3 | 8.8 | 2.0 | 0.9 | |
| Fuel oil (“Mazut”) | 898.0 | 12.4 | 15.9 | 23.2 | 16.0 | 8.6 | 13.6 | |
| Metallurgy | ||||||||
| Cast-iron | 624.8 | 1.1 | 0.1 | … | 0.0 | … | … | |
| Steel | 1315.3 | 103.2 | 56.4 | 7.0 | 0.1 | … | … | |
| Finished roll steel ferrous metal | 1105.0 | 86.7 | 42.7 | 7.2 | 1.4 | … | … | |
| Steel pipes | 499.4 | 23.5 | 8.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | … | … | |
| Manganese ore | 1251.6 | 14.2 | 16.0 | 54.9 | 63.1 | 98.4 | 103.4 | |
| Electro-ferro manganese | 42.4 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 4.9 | 0.6 | 0.1 | … | |
| Machine-building | ||||||||
| Subversive electric motors (in units) | 11265.0 | 329.0 | 74.0 | 63.0 | 559.0 | 402.0 | 44.0 | |
| A/C motors (in thousands of kW) | 187.7 | 0.1 | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Electric welding equipment (in thousands of units) | 16.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | … | … | … | … | |
| Metal-cutting machines (in units) | 1568.0 | 28.0 | 21.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 9.0 | |
| Main-line locomotives (in units) | 86.0 | … | … | … | 4.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
| Trucks (in thousands of units) | 5736.0 | 82.0 | 39.0 | 38.0 | 44.0 | 4.0 | … | |
| Chemical/timber products | ||||||||
| Mineral fertilizers | 130.3 | 80.9 | 55.4 | 95.1 | 100.2 | 39.2 | 83.2 | |
| Chemical fibers and threads | 32.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | … | |
| Synthetic ammoniac | 219.2 | 102.1 | 77.5 | 126.6 | 136.2 | 57.9 | 111.3 | |
| Synthetic detergents (in tons) | 7921.0 | 46.8 | 10.9 | … | … | … | … | |
| Sawn wood (in thousands of m3) | 551.0 | 16.7 | 33.0 | 34.3 | 42.8 | 43.5 | 51.7 | |
| Construction | ||||||||
| Cement | 1290.0 | 94.1 | 198.6 | 341.4 | 347.7 | 335.2 | 346.8 | |
| Prefabricated ferro-concrete structures (in thousands of m3) | 2450.0 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 13.4 | 4.6 | 3.7 | |
| Masonry concrete and silicate blocks (in millions of units) | 816.4 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 12.4 | 11.3 | 8.3 | 8.4 | |
| Natural stone decorative tiles (in thousands of m3) | … | … | 14.6 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 14.7 | 11.2 | |
| General merchandise and household appliances | ||||||||
| Porcelain and faience dishware (in thousands of units) | 11650.0 | 191.6 | 274.2 | 320.5 | 185.9 | 91.8 | 53.8 | |
| Color TV (in units) | 51314.0 | 2037.0 | 1039.0 | 1310.0 | 1585.0 | 1117.0 | 11.0 | |
| Notebooks (in thousands of units) | 710000.0 | 953.4 | 316.0 | 370.0 | 194.0 | 213.0 | 262.0 | |
Georgia: Production of Selected Industrial Commodities, 1990–2002
(In thousands of tons; unless otherwise indicated)
| 1990 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel and energy | ||||||||
| Electric power (in billions of kWh) | 14.2 | 7.2 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 7.3 | |
| Coal | 956.0 | 4.6 | 14.7 | 12.0 | 7.3 | 5.0 | 6.0 | |
| Oil | 186.4 | 133.8 | 119.2 | 91.3 | 109.5 | 98.8 | 73.9 | |
| Natural gas (in millions of m3) | 59.9 | … | … | … | 79.5 | 40.2 | 16.7 | |
| Gasoline | 398.5 | 4.4 | … | 3.6 | 1.8 | … | … | |
| Diesel fuel | 658.0 | 8.1 | 13.8 | 22.3 | 8.8 | 2.0 | 0.9 | |
| Fuel oil (“Mazut”) | 898.0 | 12.4 | 15.9 | 23.2 | 16.0 | 8.6 | 13.6 | |
| Metallurgy | ||||||||
| Cast-iron | 624.8 | 1.1 | 0.1 | … | 0.0 | … | … | |
| Steel | 1315.3 | 103.2 | 56.4 | 7.0 | 0.1 | … | … | |
| Finished roll steel ferrous metal | 1105.0 | 86.7 | 42.7 | 7.2 | 1.4 | … | … | |
| Steel pipes | 499.4 | 23.5 | 8.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | … | … | |
| Manganese ore | 1251.6 | 14.2 | 16.0 | 54.9 | 63.1 | 98.4 | 103.4 | |
| Electro-ferro manganese | 42.4 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 4.9 | 0.6 | 0.1 | … | |
| Machine-building | ||||||||
| Subversive electric motors (in units) | 11265.0 | 329.0 | 74.0 | 63.0 | 559.0 | 402.0 | 44.0 | |
| A/C motors (in thousands of kW) | 187.7 | 0.1 | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Electric welding equipment (in thousands of units) | 16.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | … | … | … | … | |
| Metal-cutting machines (in units) | 1568.0 | 28.0 | 21.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 9.0 | |
| Main-line locomotives (in units) | 86.0 | … | … | … | 4.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
| Trucks (in thousands of units) | 5736.0 | 82.0 | 39.0 | 38.0 | 44.0 | 4.0 | … | |
| Chemical/timber products | ||||||||
| Mineral fertilizers | 130.3 | 80.9 | 55.4 | 95.1 | 100.2 | 39.2 | 83.2 | |
| Chemical fibers and threads | 32.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | … | |
| Synthetic ammoniac | 219.2 | 102.1 | 77.5 | 126.6 | 136.2 | 57.9 | 111.3 | |
| Synthetic detergents (in tons) | 7921.0 | 46.8 | 10.9 | … | … | … | … | |
| Sawn wood (in thousands of m3) | 551.0 | 16.7 | 33.0 | 34.3 | 42.8 | 43.5 | 51.7 | |
| Construction | ||||||||
| Cement | 1290.0 | 94.1 | 198.6 | 341.4 | 347.7 | 335.2 | 346.8 | |
| Prefabricated ferro-concrete structures (in thousands of m3) | 2450.0 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 13.4 | 4.6 | 3.7 | |
| Masonry concrete and silicate blocks (in millions of units) | 816.4 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 12.4 | 11.3 | 8.3 | 8.4 | |
| Natural stone decorative tiles (in thousands of m3) | … | … | 14.6 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 14.7 | 11.2 | |
| General merchandise and household appliances | ||||||||
| Porcelain and faience dishware (in thousands of units) | 11650.0 | 191.6 | 274.2 | 320.5 | 185.9 | 91.8 | 53.8 | |
| Color TV (in units) | 51314.0 | 2037.0 | 1039.0 | 1310.0 | 1585.0 | 1117.0 | 11.0 | |
| Notebooks (in thousands of units) | 710000.0 | 953.4 | 316.0 | 370.0 | 194.0 | 213.0 | 262.0 | |
Georgia: Transportation Indicators, 1997–2002
(In thousands of tons)
Georgia: Transportation Indicators, 1997–2002
(In thousands of tons)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freight transport | 19,703 | 24,124 | 25,913 | 30,060 | 33,241 | 37,437 | |
| Rail | 7,200 | 8,495 | 9,492 | 11,496 | 13,210 | 14,900 | |
| Road | 12,200 | 15,000 | 16,000 | 18,500 | 20,000 | 22,500 | |
| Sea | 300 | 625 | 419 | 63 | 31 | 36 | |
Georgia: Transportation Indicators, 1997–2002
(In thousands of tons)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freight transport | 19,703 | 24,124 | 25,913 | 30,060 | 33,241 | 37,437 | |
| Rail | 7,200 | 8,495 | 9,492 | 11,496 | 13,210 | 14,900 | |
| Road | 12,200 | 15,000 | 16,000 | 18,500 | 20,000 | 22,500 | |
| Sea | 300 | 625 | 419 | 63 | 31 | 36 | |
Georgia: Population and Employment, 1997–2002
(In thousands)
Excludes population of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Since February 20, 1996. working age is 16-60 for women, and 16-65 years for men. Prior to that date, the working age was 16-55 for women, and 16-60 years formen.
In 1998, the State Department of Statistics started to carry out Labor force surveys (using the ILO methodology).
Beginning in 1998-including defense.
Georgia: Population and Employment, 1997–2002
(In thousands)
| 1997 | 1998 3/ | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total population 1/ | 4,558.4 | 4,504.9 | 4,469.8 | 4,435.2 | 4,401.4 | 4,371.5 | |||
| Males | 2,153.9 | 2,127.7 | 2,110.2 | 2,092.8 | 2,075.8 | 2,061.7 | |||
| Females | 2,404.5 | 2,377.2 | 2,359.6 | 2,342.4 | 2,325.6 | 2,309.8 | |||
| Urban | 2,441.9 | 2,401.8 | 2,371.7 | 2,342.0 | 2,312.9 | 2,284.8 | |||
| Rural | 2,116.5 | 2,103.1 | 2,098.1 | 2,093.2 | 2,088.5 | 2,086.7 | |||
| Under 16 years of age | 1,084.5 | 1,059.5 | 1,037.7 | 1,015.7 | 996.3 | 987.5 | |||
| In active years 2/ | 2,803.2 | 2,767.4 | 2,743.9 | 2,721.2 | 2,697.3 | 2,678.9 | |||
| Over active age | 670.7 | 678.0 | 688.2 | 698.3 | 707.8 | 705.1 | |||
| Population employed | 2,233.2 | 1,731.1 | 1,732.6 | 1,748.8 | 1,877.7 | 1,839.2 | |||
| State sector | 570.7 | 598.2 | 541.7 | 439.0 | 438.9 | 432.1 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Industry and construction | 97.7 | 88.8 | 69.4 | 69.3 | 62.2 | 56.9 | |||
| Agriculture | 42.3 | 25.3 | 21.2 | 7.9 | 6.7 | 5.8 | |||
| Transportation and communications | 58.4 | 48.1 | 42.0 | 36.7 | 29.6 | 34.8 | |||
| Trade and other materials sectors | 31.3 | 20.8 | 18.4 | 17.4 | 10.5 | 9.8 | |||
| Health, education, and science | 240.2 | 212.1 | 203.2 | 202.3 | 197.4 | 174.3 | |||
| Administration and finance 4/ | 45.3 | 119.2 | 108.6 | 82.9 | 90.0 | 100.4 | |||
| Other nonmaterial sector | 55.5 | 83.9 | 79.0 | 22.5 | 42.2 | 50.1 | |||
| Private sector | 1,615.5 | 1.132.9 | 1,190.9 | 1,309.8 | 1,438.8 | 1,407.1 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Self-employed | 1,529.2 | 969.3 | 982.8 | 999.6 | 1,152.2 | 1,153.8 | |||
| Retired (receiving pension) | 1,022.0 | 979.4 | 967.8 | 923.7 | 896.0 | 903.6 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Retirees employed | 64.7 | 54.5 | 53.2 | 39.7 | 32.1 | 31.0 | |||
Excludes population of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Since February 20, 1996. working age is 16-60 for women, and 16-65 years for men. Prior to that date, the working age was 16-55 for women, and 16-60 years formen.
In 1998, the State Department of Statistics started to carry out Labor force surveys (using the ILO methodology).
Beginning in 1998-including defense.
Georgia: Population and Employment, 1997–2002
(In thousands)
| 1997 | 1998 3/ | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total population 1/ | 4,558.4 | 4,504.9 | 4,469.8 | 4,435.2 | 4,401.4 | 4,371.5 | |||
| Males | 2,153.9 | 2,127.7 | 2,110.2 | 2,092.8 | 2,075.8 | 2,061.7 | |||
| Females | 2,404.5 | 2,377.2 | 2,359.6 | 2,342.4 | 2,325.6 | 2,309.8 | |||
| Urban | 2,441.9 | 2,401.8 | 2,371.7 | 2,342.0 | 2,312.9 | 2,284.8 | |||
| Rural | 2,116.5 | 2,103.1 | 2,098.1 | 2,093.2 | 2,088.5 | 2,086.7 | |||
| Under 16 years of age | 1,084.5 | 1,059.5 | 1,037.7 | 1,015.7 | 996.3 | 987.5 | |||
| In active years 2/ | 2,803.2 | 2,767.4 | 2,743.9 | 2,721.2 | 2,697.3 | 2,678.9 | |||
| Over active age | 670.7 | 678.0 | 688.2 | 698.3 | 707.8 | 705.1 | |||
| Population employed | 2,233.2 | 1,731.1 | 1,732.6 | 1,748.8 | 1,877.7 | 1,839.2 | |||
| State sector | 570.7 | 598.2 | 541.7 | 439.0 | 438.9 | 432.1 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Industry and construction | 97.7 | 88.8 | 69.4 | 69.3 | 62.2 | 56.9 | |||
| Agriculture | 42.3 | 25.3 | 21.2 | 7.9 | 6.7 | 5.8 | |||
| Transportation and communications | 58.4 | 48.1 | 42.0 | 36.7 | 29.6 | 34.8 | |||
| Trade and other materials sectors | 31.3 | 20.8 | 18.4 | 17.4 | 10.5 | 9.8 | |||
| Health, education, and science | 240.2 | 212.1 | 203.2 | 202.3 | 197.4 | 174.3 | |||
| Administration and finance 4/ | 45.3 | 119.2 | 108.6 | 82.9 | 90.0 | 100.4 | |||
| Other nonmaterial sector | 55.5 | 83.9 | 79.0 | 22.5 | 42.2 | 50.1 | |||
| Private sector | 1,615.5 | 1.132.9 | 1,190.9 | 1,309.8 | 1,438.8 | 1,407.1 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Self-employed | 1,529.2 | 969.3 | 982.8 | 999.6 | 1,152.2 | 1,153.8 | |||
| Retired (receiving pension) | 1,022.0 | 979.4 | 967.8 | 923.7 | 896.0 | 903.6 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Retirees employed | 64.7 | 54.5 | 53.2 | 39.7 | 32.1 | 31.0 | |||
Excludes population of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Since February 20, 1996. working age is 16-60 for women, and 16-65 years for men. Prior to that date, the working age was 16-55 for women, and 16-60 years formen.
In 1998, the State Department of Statistics started to carry out Labor force surveys (using the ILO methodology).
Beginning in 1998-including defense.
Georgia: Unemployment, 1997–2002
(Number of persons, end-of-period)
The system for unemployment registration changed in 2002.
Georgia: Unemployment, 1997–2002
(Number of persons, end-of-period)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployed | 158,400 | 245,300 | 245,800 | 212,200 | 235,700 | 240,500 | |||
| Registered unemployed 1/ | 142,500 | 98,723 | 102,597 | 116,889 | 109,512 | 37,030 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Receiving benefits | 28,884 | 5,643 | 3,689 | 4,783 | 5,294 | 3,469 | |||
| (In percent) | |||||||||
| Unemployment rate | |||||||||
| (ILO definition, period average) | 7.5 | 12.3 | 12.7 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 12.3 | |||
The system for unemployment registration changed in 2002.
Georgia: Unemployment, 1997–2002
(Number of persons, end-of-period)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployed | 158,400 | 245,300 | 245,800 | 212,200 | 235,700 | 240,500 | |||
| Registered unemployed 1/ | 142,500 | 98,723 | 102,597 | 116,889 | 109,512 | 37,030 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Receiving benefits | 28,884 | 5,643 | 3,689 | 4,783 | 5,294 | 3,469 | |||
| (In percent) | |||||||||
| Unemployment rate | |||||||||
| (ILO definition, period average) | 7.5 | 12.3 | 12.7 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 12.3 | |||
The system for unemployment registration changed in 2002.
Georgia: Average Monthly Wages, 1997-2003 1/2/
(In lari)
Wages include cash compensation and the value of goods received in kind.
These data are subject to large margins of error.
preliminary estimate.
Calculated using the average CPI price level of given period over average CPI price level of the same period in the previous year.
Georgia: Average Monthly Wages, 1997-2003 1/2/
(In lari)
| Q1 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2002 | 2003 3/ | |||
| Total economy | 43.3 | 55.4 | 67.5 | 72.3 | 94.6 | 113.5 | 105.8 | 115.3 | ||
| Industry | 57.8 | 71.9 | 90.8 | 108.3 | 147.7 | 167.6 | 182.5 | 178.0 | ||
| Workers | 53.9 | 64.9 | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Agriculture | 13.7 | 16.1 | 27.5 | 19.7 | 33.2 | 42.3 | 35.3 | 46.2 | ||
| State farms, agricultural enterprises | 14.2 | 15.5 | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Construction | 105.6 | 113.6 | 141.1 | 147.1 | 145.9 | 176.1 | 182.5 | 197.4 | ||
| Workers | 115.5 | 128.3 | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Transportation | 82.4 | 95.7 | 109.2 | 138.5 | 141.1 | 179.1 | 176.5 | 209.5 | ||
| Railway transportation | 69.9 | 91.6 | 110.3 | 104.8 | 81.5 | 204.3 | 229.3 | 314.6 | ||
| Waterway transportation | 146.7 | 160.1 | 130.2 | 145.4 | 149.1 | 226.9 | 281.5 | 227.0 | ||
| Urban transportation | 81.9 | 133.7 | 138.2 | 120.3 | 90.0 | 92.5 | 104.5 | 103.0 | ||
| Communications | 60.3 | 67.7 | 100.6 | 111.4 | 109.1 | 102.4 | 80.7 | 97.6 | ||
| Trade and distribution | 28.9 | 30.5 | 37.6 | 47.0 | 57.4 | 72.8 | 76.8 | 79.8 | ||
| Computer services | 46.5 | 51.6 | 83.4 | 80.9 | 74.0 | 131.2 | 87.4 | 154.3 | ||
| Housing and communal services | 48.1 | 72.4 | 99.9 | 92.5 | 83.9 | 89.2 | 78.2 | 87.8 | ||
| Public health and social security | 23.8 | 26.6 | 34.9 | 32.0 | 45.6 | 55.6 | 52.7 | 60.3 | ||
| Public education | 28.2 | 46.4 | 44.1 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 56.6 | 53.0 | 60.4 | ||
| Culture | 30.1 | 33.8 | 50.1 | 71.2 | 73.2 | 82.1 | 77.3 | 86.7 | ||
| Art | 43.9 | 62.5 | 66.6 | 65.7 | 74.5 | 88.5 | 79.4 | 68.9 | ||
| Science and related services | 46.7 | 61.2 | 72.3 | 64.3 | 66.9 | 66.1 | 68.7 | 70.1 | ||
| State administration and management | 55.6 | 73.2 | 90.0 | 88.5 | 105.9 | 119.1 | 100.0 | 113.2 | ||
| Memorandum items: | ||||||||||
| Real wages total economy (1997=100) | 100.0 | 123.6 | 126.3 | 130.1 | 162.6 | 184,7 | … | … | ||
| Real wages growth rate (in percent) 4/ | 39.6 | 23.6 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 25.0 | 13.6 | … | … | ||
| Dollar monthly wages: | ||||||||||
| Georgia | 33.4 | 39.8 | 33.4 | 36.6 | 45.6 | 51.7 | … | … | ||
| Russia | 166.8 | 114.2 | 64.2 | 80.1 | 112.5 | 140.9 | … | … | ||
| Turkey | 443.5 | 455.1 | 522.5 | 535.9 | 383.8 | 474.5 | … | … | ||
| Average annual salary | ||||||||||
| Total economy | 520.8 | 723.6 | 810.1 | 867.6 | 1,135.2 | 1,362.0 | … | … | ||
| Industry | 693.6 | 897.6 | 1,089.6 | 1,299.6 | 1,772.4 | 2,011.2 | … | … | ||
| Agriculture | 164.4 | 214.8 | 329.4 | 236.4 | 398.1 | 507.6 | … | … | ||
Wages include cash compensation and the value of goods received in kind.
These data are subject to large margins of error.
preliminary estimate.
Calculated using the average CPI price level of given period over average CPI price level of the same period in the previous year.
Georgia: Average Monthly Wages, 1997-2003 1/2/
(In lari)
| Q1 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2002 | 2003 3/ | |||
| Total economy | 43.3 | 55.4 | 67.5 | 72.3 | 94.6 | 113.5 | 105.8 | 115.3 | ||
| Industry | 57.8 | 71.9 | 90.8 | 108.3 | 147.7 | 167.6 | 182.5 | 178.0 | ||
| Workers | 53.9 | 64.9 | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Agriculture | 13.7 | 16.1 | 27.5 | 19.7 | 33.2 | 42.3 | 35.3 | 46.2 | ||
| State farms, agricultural enterprises | 14.2 | 15.5 | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Construction | 105.6 | 113.6 | 141.1 | 147.1 | 145.9 | 176.1 | 182.5 | 197.4 | ||
| Workers | 115.5 | 128.3 | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Transportation | 82.4 | 95.7 | 109.2 | 138.5 | 141.1 | 179.1 | 176.5 | 209.5 | ||
| Railway transportation | 69.9 | 91.6 | 110.3 | 104.8 | 81.5 | 204.3 | 229.3 | 314.6 | ||
| Waterway transportation | 146.7 | 160.1 | 130.2 | 145.4 | 149.1 | 226.9 | 281.5 | 227.0 | ||
| Urban transportation | 81.9 | 133.7 | 138.2 | 120.3 | 90.0 | 92.5 | 104.5 | 103.0 | ||
| Communications | 60.3 | 67.7 | 100.6 | 111.4 | 109.1 | 102.4 | 80.7 | 97.6 | ||
| Trade and distribution | 28.9 | 30.5 | 37.6 | 47.0 | 57.4 | 72.8 | 76.8 | 79.8 | ||
| Computer services | 46.5 | 51.6 | 83.4 | 80.9 | 74.0 | 131.2 | 87.4 | 154.3 | ||
| Housing and communal services | 48.1 | 72.4 | 99.9 | 92.5 | 83.9 | 89.2 | 78.2 | 87.8 | ||
| Public health and social security | 23.8 | 26.6 | 34.9 | 32.0 | 45.6 | 55.6 | 52.7 | 60.3 | ||
| Public education | 28.2 | 46.4 | 44.1 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 56.6 | 53.0 | 60.4 | ||
| Culture | 30.1 | 33.8 | 50.1 | 71.2 | 73.2 | 82.1 | 77.3 | 86.7 | ||
| Art | 43.9 | 62.5 | 66.6 | 65.7 | 74.5 | 88.5 | 79.4 | 68.9 | ||
| Science and related services | 46.7 | 61.2 | 72.3 | 64.3 | 66.9 | 66.1 | 68.7 | 70.1 | ||
| State administration and management | 55.6 | 73.2 | 90.0 | 88.5 | 105.9 | 119.1 | 100.0 | 113.2 | ||
| Memorandum items: | ||||||||||
| Real wages total economy (1997=100) | 100.0 | 123.6 | 126.3 | 130.1 | 162.6 | 184,7 | … | … | ||
| Real wages growth rate (in percent) 4/ | 39.6 | 23.6 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 25.0 | 13.6 | … | … | ||
| Dollar monthly wages: | ||||||||||
| Georgia | 33.4 | 39.8 | 33.4 | 36.6 | 45.6 | 51.7 | … | … | ||
| Russia | 166.8 | 114.2 | 64.2 | 80.1 | 112.5 | 140.9 | … | … | ||
| Turkey | 443.5 | 455.1 | 522.5 | 535.9 | 383.8 | 474.5 | … | … | ||
| Average annual salary | ||||||||||
| Total economy | 520.8 | 723.6 | 810.1 | 867.6 | 1,135.2 | 1,362.0 | … | … | ||
| Industry | 693.6 | 897.6 | 1,089.6 | 1,299.6 | 1,772.4 | 2,011.2 | … | … | ||
| Agriculture | 164.4 | 214.8 | 329.4 | 236.4 | 398.1 | 507.6 | … | … | ||
Wages include cash compensation and the value of goods received in kind.
These data are subject to large margins of error.
preliminary estimate.
Calculated using the average CPI price level of given period over average CPI price level of the same period in the previous year.
Georgia: prices, 1992–2003
Georgia: prices, 1992–2003
| Consumer price Index | Producer price Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (percent change) | |||||
| Period average | End of period | Period average | End of period | ||
| 1992 | 887.4 | 1,176.9 | … | … | |
| 1993 | 3,125.4 | 7,487.9 | … | … | |
| 1994 | 15,601.8 | 6,472.8 | … | … | |
| 1995 | 162.7 | 57.4 | … | … | |
| 1996 | 39.4 | 13.8 | … | … | |
| 1997 | 7.1 | 7.3 | … | … | |
| 1998 | 3.6 | 10.7 | 2.3 | 3.7 | |
| 1999 | 19.2 | 10.9 | 15.7 | 15.7 | |
| 2000 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 5.8 | 2.4 | |
| 2001 | 4.7 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 8.9 | |
| 2002 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 1.5 | |
| Over previous month | Over same month previous year | Over previous month | Over same month previous year | ||
| 2002 | |||||
| January | 2.0 | 4.7 | -0.2 | 80 | |
| February | 1.2 | 5.3 | 0.5 | 8.4 | |
| March | 0.4 | 5.7 | 0.3 | 6.9 | |
| April | 1.8 | 6.5 | 1.6 | 8.3 | |
| May | 0.0 | 7.6 | 0.l | 8.0 | |
| June | -2.3 | 5.5 | -0.3 | 7.0 | |
| July | -1.1 | 5.1 | -0.9 | 6.6 | |
| August | -0.1 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 8.6 | |
| September | 0.4 | 5.7 | -0.5 | 7.7 | |
| October | 0.4 | 5.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | |
| November | 1.1 | 5.1 | 0.0 | 1.1 | |
| December | 1.7 | 5.4 | -0.2 | 1.5 | |
| 2003 | |||||
| January | 2.1 | 5.5 | 0.6 | 2.4 | |
| February | -0.5 | 3.7 | 1.3 | 3.2 | |
| March | 0.0 | 3.4 | -0.9 | 2.0 | |
| April | 0.5 | 2.1 | -1.4 | -1.1 | |
| May | 0.2 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 0.9 | |
| June | 0.1 | 4.8 | 0.4 | 1.6 | |
| July | -0.9 | 5.0 | … | … | |
| August | -0.1 | 5.1 | … | … | |
Georgia: prices, 1992–2003
| Consumer price Index | Producer price Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (percent change) | |||||
| Period average | End of period | Period average | End of period | ||
| 1992 | 887.4 | 1,176.9 | … | … | |
| 1993 | 3,125.4 | 7,487.9 | … | … | |
| 1994 | 15,601.8 | 6,472.8 | … | … | |
| 1995 | 162.7 | 57.4 | … | … | |
| 1996 | 39.4 | 13.8 | … | … | |
| 1997 | 7.1 | 7.3 | … | … | |
| 1998 | 3.6 | 10.7 | 2.3 | 3.7 | |
| 1999 | 19.2 | 10.9 | 15.7 | 15.7 | |
| 2000 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 5.8 | 2.4 | |
| 2001 | 4.7 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 8.9 | |
| 2002 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 1.5 | |
| Over previous month | Over same month previous year | Over previous month | Over same month previous year | ||
| 2002 | |||||
| January | 2.0 | 4.7 | -0.2 | 80 | |
| February | 1.2 | 5.3 | 0.5 | 8.4 | |
| March | 0.4 | 5.7 | 0.3 | 6.9 | |
| April | 1.8 | 6.5 | 1.6 | 8.3 | |
| May | 0.0 | 7.6 | 0.l | 8.0 | |
| June | -2.3 | 5.5 | -0.3 | 7.0 | |
| July | -1.1 | 5.1 | -0.9 | 6.6 | |
| August | -0.1 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 8.6 | |
| September | 0.4 | 5.7 | -0.5 | 7.7 | |
| October | 0.4 | 5.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | |
| November | 1.1 | 5.1 | 0.0 | 1.1 | |
| December | 1.7 | 5.4 | -0.2 | 1.5 | |
| 2003 | |||||
| January | 2.1 | 5.5 | 0.6 | 2.4 | |
| February | -0.5 | 3.7 | 1.3 | 3.2 | |
| March | 0.0 | 3.4 | -0.9 | 2.0 | |
| April | 0.5 | 2.1 | -1.4 | -1.1 | |
| May | 0.2 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 0.9 | |
| June | 0.1 | 4.8 | 0.4 | 1.6 | |
| July | -0.9 | 5.0 | … | … | |
| August | -0.1 | 5.1 | … | … | |
General Government Operations, 1998–2003
program definition for tax revenue includes extrabudgetary revenue.
Exclude payroll to SSF and to EF (2000 and 2001) or employment programs (2002).
The previously off-budget state medical fund was consolidated with the state pension fund in January 2003.
Exclude transfers from central budget to local budgets, to SSF, and to EF (2000 and 2001) or employment programs (2002).
Include transfers and payroll from central budgets and payroll from local budgets.
Include transfers from central budget. Exclude payroll to SSF and to EF (2000 and 2001) or employment programs (2002).
TMU arrears includes social spending items, Such as wages, pensions, food in-kind, refugee allowances and a part of local spending.
Excluding 2001 recapitalization transfers (28.1 million lari).
Beginning in 2003, financing is adjusted by the amount of withheld tax revenue collected by Adjara on behalf of the central government.
General Government Operations, 1998–2003
| 1998 Actual | 1999 Actual | 2000 Actual | 2001 Actual | 2002 Actual | 2003 Q1 prelim. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of lari) | ||||||||||
| Total revenue and grants (excl. privat.) | 786.4 | 873.3 | 913.3 | 1,081.9 | 1,177.2 | 306.6 | ||||
| Total revenue | 740.8 | 825.1 | 897.1 | 1,036.0 | 1,156.3 | 298,8 | ||||
| Tax revenue 1/ | 643.6 | 782.3 | 851.5 | 951.5 | 1,076.0 | 273.4 | ||||
| Taxes on income | 87.8 | 104.8 | 108.2 | 135.8 | 143.0 | 30.3 | ||||
| Taxes on profits | 50.5 | 55.6 | 79.7 | 66.6 | 82.5 | 22.7 | ||||
| VAT | 219.7 | 248.1 | 289.8 | 357.3 | 413.7 | 111.3 | ||||
| Customs duties | 67.0 | 33.7 | 53.1 | 55.5 | 63.9 | 15.7 | ||||
| Excises | 38.7 | 118.5 | 90.2 | 89.9 | 91.3 | 17.6 | ||||
| Other taxes | 62.3 | 88.6 | 85.7 | 90.6 | 111.6 | 24.0 | ||||
| Nontax revenue | 97.1 | 42.8 | 45.6 | 84.5 | 80.3 | 25.4 | ||||
| NBG profit Transfers | … | … | 0.0 | 20.0 | 35.0 | 15.0 | ||||
| Fees/budgetary organizations | … | … | 13.4 | 6.7 | 17.3 | 3.5 | ||||
| Other | … | … | 20.2 | 48.7 | 5.0 | 4.1 | ||||
| Other local budgets | … | … | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8.8 | 2.0 | ||||
| Capital revenue (dividends, profit transfers) | … | … | 10.3 | 9.0 | 14.2 | 0.9 | ||||
| Extrabudgetary revenue 2/ | 117.5 | 133.1 | 144.8 | 155.9 | 169.9 | 51.8 | ||||
| Pension and medical funds 3/ | … | … | 115.4 | 118.6 | 127.9 | 42.1 | ||||
| Employment fund | … | … | 4.9 | 5.1 | … | … | ||||
| Road fund | … | … | 24.5 | 32.1 | 42.0 | 9.6 | ||||
| Of which: Gasoline excise | … | … | 4.3 | 10.4 | 13.7 | 2.1 | ||||
| Grants 8/ | 45.7 | 48.2 | 16.2 | 45.9 | 20.9 | 7.8 | ||||
| Total expenditure and net lending | 1096.4 | 1252.9 | 1,155.9 | 1,211.9 | 1,324.2 | 364.3 | ||||
| Current expenditure | 997.3 | 1132.5 | 1,094.2 | 1,095.7 | 1,172.8 | 327.7 | ||||
| Wages and salaries 2/ | 176.7 | 190.8 | 180.1 | 168.7 | 176.9 | 55.9 | ||||
| Goods and services | 202.4 | 190.9 | 132.2 | 132.5 | 158.3 | 37.4 | ||||
| Transfers and subsidies 4/ | 119.3 | 142.2 | 166.7 | 136.9 | 132.5 | 38.7 | ||||
| Of which: Energy commitments | … | … | … | 0.0 | … | … | ||||
| Interest payments | 114.8 | 159.0 | 178.4 | 117.5 | 145.9 | 48.8 | ||||
| Domestic | 62.8 | 80.5 | 87.7 | 66.2 | 80.2 | 23.2 | ||||
| External | 51.9 | 7S.6 | 90.7 | 51.3 | 65.7 | 25.6 | ||||
| Extra budgetary expenditures 5/ | 212.5 | 211.7 | 203.7 | 235.0 | 243.6 | 81.5 | ||||
| Pension and medical funds 3/ | … | … | 174.0 | 197.8 | 201.6 | 71.9 | ||||
| Road fund | … | … | 24.5 | 32.1 | 42.0 | 9.6 | ||||
| Local government expenditures 6/ | 171.7 | 237.9 | 233.1 | 305.0 | 315.6 | 65.4 | ||||
| Capital expenditure | 65.5 | 48.7 | 30.2 | 71.9 | 78.6 | 17.6 | ||||
| Net lending | 33.6 | 71.7 | 31.6 | 44.3 | 72.8 | 19.1 | ||||
| Overall balance (commitments) | -309.9 | -379.6 | -242.6 | -130.0 | -147.1 | -57.7 | ||||
| Adjustment to cash basis | 64.0 | 97.6 | 89.0 | 20.9 | 8.l | 46.1 | ||||
| Net change in expenditure arrears (-, reduction) 7/ | 64.0 | 95.9 | 84.0 | 12.7 | -29.8 | 29.9 | ||||
| External interest | … | … | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Domestic expenditure | … | … | 84.0 | 12.6 | -29.8 | 29.9 | ||||
| TMU definition | … | … | 84.0 | 11.3 | -29.8 | 34.9 | ||||
| Statistical discrepancy | 0.0 | 1.7 | 5.0 | 8.2 | 37.9 | 16.1 | ||||
| Overall balance (cash) | -246.0 | -282.0 | -IS3.6 | -109.1 | -139.0 | -11.6 | ||||
| Total financing | 246.0 | 282.0 | 153.6 | 109.1 | 139.0 | 11.6 | ||||
| Privatization | 73.4 | 52.7 | 19.1 | 5.6 | 15.3 | 5.2 | ||||
| Domestic | 97.9 | 131.9 | 133.0 | -25.3 | -7.8 | -9.2 | ||||
| NBG credit (loans and t-bills) net of deposits 8/ | 109.8 | 187.1 | 136.9 | -15.0 | 16.8 | -12.4 | ||||
| Of which: NBG recapitalization | 0.0 | 70.3 | -42.2 | -28.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Commercial banks (t-bills and deposits) | -2.1 | 0.0 | -1.5 | 1.5 | -27.7 | 8.5 | ||||
| Commercial banks (other) | … | … | -13.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Nonbank (t-bills and other) | -9.7 | 15.1 | 10.7 | -11.8 | 3.1 | -5.3 | ||||
| Offset to NBG recapitalization | 0.0 | -70.3 | 42.2 | 28.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| External | 74.7 | 68.7 | 1.6 | 128.8 | 131.5 | 24.2 | ||||
| Disbursements | 100.2 | 138.4 | 68.6 | 162.4 | 170.3 | 2S.7 | ||||
| Amortization 9/ | -115.4 | -182.0 | -210.9 | -256.6 | -115.7 | -28.1 | ||||
| Changes in arrears (-, reduction) | -73.6 | 112.4 | 132.0 | -14.3 | 0.0 | 23.6 | ||||
| Macroeconomic support | 163.5 | 0.0 | 11.8 | 237.3 | 77.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Net U.S. in-kind loans | … | 28.6 | 10.0 | … | … | … | ||||
| Adjustment for net withheld Adjara transfers 9/ | … | … | … | … | … | -8.5 | ||||
| Memorandum items: | ||||||||||
| Tax revenue, program definition | 643.6 | 782.3 | 851.5 | 951.5 | 1,246.0 | 273.4 | ||||
| Cigarette and petroleum tax revenue | … | … | 61.8 | 79.7 | 138.6 | 23.9 | ||||
| Social spending (cash basis) | … | … | … | 539.5 | 624.9 | 160.9 | ||||
| Public Debt (end of period) | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||||
| Nominal GDP (in millions of lari) | 5,040.2 | 5,664.9 | 6,012.7 | 6,637.8 | 7,457.1 | 1,894.1 | ||||
| (In percent of GDP) | ||||||||||
| Total revenue and grants (excl. privat.) | 15.6 | 15.4 | 15.2 | 16.3 | 15.8 | 16.2 | ||||
| Total revenue | 14.7 | 14.6 | 14.9 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 15.8 | ||||
| Tax revenue 1/ | 12.8 | 13.8 | 14.2 | 14.3 | 14.4 | 14.4 | ||||
| Taxes on income | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.6 | ||||
| Taxes on profits | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | ||||
| VAT | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.9 | ||||
| Customs duties | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | ||||
| Excises | 0.8 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.9 | ||||
| Other taxes | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | ||||
| Nontax revenue | 1.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | ||||
| Extrabudgetary revenue 2/ | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 | ||||
| Pension and medical funds 3/ | … | … | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.2 | ||||
| Employment fund | … | … | 0.1 | 0.1 | … | … | ||||
| Road fund | … | … | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | ||||
| Of which: Gasoline excise | … | … | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||||
| Grants 8/ | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 | ||||
| Total expenditure and net lending | 21.8 | 22.1 | 19.2 | 18.3 | 17.8 | 19.2 | ||||
| Current expenditure | 19.8 | 20.0 | 18.2 | 16.5 | 15.7 | 17.3 | ||||
| Wages and salaries 2/ | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.0 | ||||
| Goods and services | 4.0 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.0 | ||||
| Transfers and subsidies 4/ | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.0 | ||||
| Interest payments | 2.3 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.6 | ||||
| Domestic | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | ||||
| External | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.4 | ||||
| Extra budgetary expenditures 5/ | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 4.3 | ||||
| Pension and medical funds 3/ | … | … | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 3.8 | ||||
| Road fund | … | … | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | ||||
| Local government expenditures 6/ | 3.4 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 3.5 | ||||
| Capital expenditure | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | ||||
| Net lending | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Overall balance (commitments) | -6.1 | -6.7 | -4.0 | -2.0 | -2.0 | -3.0 | ||||
| Adjustment to cash basis | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2.4 | ||||
| Net change in expenditure arrears (-, reduction) 7/ | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.2 | -0.4 | 1.6 | ||||
| External interest | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Domestic expenditure | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.2 | -0.4 | 1.6 | ||||
| TMU definition | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.2 | -0.4 | 1.8 | ||||
| Statistical discrepancy | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | ||||
| Overall balance (cash) | -4.9 | -5.0 | -2.6 | -1.6 | -1.9 | -0.6 | ||||
| Total financing | 4.9 | 5.0 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 0.6 | ||||
| Privatization | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | ||||
| Domestic | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.2 | -0.4 | -0.1 | -0.5 | ||||
| NBG credit (loans and t-bills) net of deposits 8/ | 2.2 | 3.3 | 2.3 | -0.2 | 0.2 | -0.7 | ||||
| Of which: NBG recapitalization | 0.0 | 1.2 | -0.7 | -0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Commercial banks (t-bills and deposits) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.4 | 0.4 | ||||
| Nonbank (t-bills and other) | -0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.0 | -0.3 | ||||
| External | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.3 | ||||
| Disbursements | 2.0 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 1.5 | ||||
| Amortization 9/ | -2.3 | -3.2 | -3.5 | -3.9 | -1.6 | -1.5 | ||||
| Changes in arrears (-, reduction) | -1.5 | 2.0 | 2.2 | -0.2 | 0.0 | 1.2 | ||||
| Macroeconomic support | 3.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Net U.S. in-kind loans | … | 0.5 | 0.2 | … | … | … | ||||
| Adjustment for net withheld Adjara transfers 9/ | … | … | … | … | … | -0.4 | ||||
| Memorandum items: | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||||
| Tax revenue, program definition | 0.0 | 0.0 | 14.2 | 14.3 | 16.7 | 14.4 | ||||
| Cigarette and petroleum tax revenue | 12.8 | 13.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 1.3 | ||||
| Social spending (cash basis) | … | … | … | 8.1 | 8.4 | 8.5 | ||||
| Public debt | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||||
| Nominal GDP (in millions of lari) | 5,040.2 | 5,664.9 | 6,012.7 | 6,637.8 | 7,457.1 | 1,894.1 | ||||
program definition for tax revenue includes extrabudgetary revenue.
Exclude payroll to SSF and to EF (2000 and 2001) or employment programs (2002).
The previously off-budget state medical fund was consolidated with the state pension fund in January 2003.
Exclude transfers from central budget to local budgets, to SSF, and to EF (2000 and 2001) or employment programs (2002).
Include transfers and payroll from central budgets and payroll from local budgets.
Include transfers from central budget. Exclude payroll to SSF and to EF (2000 and 2001) or employment programs (2002).
TMU arrears includes social spending items, Such as wages, pensions, food in-kind, refugee allowances and a part of local spending.
Excluding 2001 recapitalization transfers (28.1 million lari).
Beginning in 2003, financing is adjusted by the amount of withheld tax revenue collected by Adjara on behalf of the central government.
General Government Operations, 1998–2003
| 1998 Actual | 1999 Actual | 2000 Actual | 2001 Actual | 2002 Actual | 2003 Q1 prelim. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of lari) | ||||||||||
| Total revenue and grants (excl. privat.) | 786.4 | 873.3 | 913.3 | 1,081.9 | 1,177.2 | 306.6 | ||||
| Total revenue | 740.8 | 825.1 | 897.1 | 1,036.0 | 1,156.3 | 298,8 | ||||
| Tax revenue 1/ | 643.6 | 782.3 | 851.5 | 951.5 | 1,076.0 | 273.4 | ||||
| Taxes on income | 87.8 | 104.8 | 108.2 | 135.8 | 143.0 | 30.3 | ||||
| Taxes on profits | 50.5 | 55.6 | 79.7 | 66.6 | 82.5 | 22.7 | ||||
| VAT | 219.7 | 248.1 | 289.8 | 357.3 | 413.7 | 111.3 | ||||
| Customs duties | 67.0 | 33.7 | 53.1 | 55.5 | 63.9 | 15.7 | ||||
| Excises | 38.7 | 118.5 | 90.2 | 89.9 | 91.3 | 17.6 | ||||
| Other taxes | 62.3 | 88.6 | 85.7 | 90.6 | 111.6 | 24.0 | ||||
| Nontax revenue | 97.1 | 42.8 | 45.6 | 84.5 | 80.3 | 25.4 | ||||
| NBG profit Transfers | … | … | 0.0 | 20.0 | 35.0 | 15.0 | ||||
| Fees/budgetary organizations | … | … | 13.4 | 6.7 | 17.3 | 3.5 | ||||
| Other | … | … | 20.2 | 48.7 | 5.0 | 4.1 | ||||
| Other local budgets | … | … | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8.8 | 2.0 | ||||
| Capital revenue (dividends, profit transfers) | … | … | 10.3 | 9.0 | 14.2 | 0.9 | ||||
| Extrabudgetary revenue 2/ | 117.5 | 133.1 | 144.8 | 155.9 | 169.9 | 51.8 | ||||
| Pension and medical funds 3/ | … | … | 115.4 | 118.6 | 127.9 | 42.1 | ||||
| Employment fund | … | … | 4.9 | 5.1 | … | … | ||||
| Road fund | … | … | 24.5 | 32.1 | 42.0 | 9.6 | ||||
| Of which: Gasoline excise | … | … | 4.3 | 10.4 | 13.7 | 2.1 | ||||
| Grants 8/ | 45.7 | 48.2 | 16.2 | 45.9 | 20.9 | 7.8 | ||||
| Total expenditure and net lending | 1096.4 | 1252.9 | 1,155.9 | 1,211.9 | 1,324.2 | 364.3 | ||||
| Current expenditure | 997.3 | 1132.5 | 1,094.2 | 1,095.7 | 1,172.8 | 327.7 | ||||
| Wages and salaries 2/ | 176.7 | 190.8 | 180.1 | 168.7 | 176.9 | 55.9 | ||||
| Goods and services | 202.4 | 190.9 | 132.2 | 132.5 | 158.3 | 37.4 | ||||
| Transfers and subsidies 4/ | 119.3 | 142.2 | 166.7 | 136.9 | 132.5 | 38.7 | ||||
| Of which: Energy commitments | … | … | … | 0.0 | … | … | ||||
| Interest payments | 114.8 | 159.0 | 178.4 | 117.5 | 145.9 | 48.8 | ||||
| Domestic | 62.8 | 80.5 | 87.7 | 66.2 | 80.2 | 23.2 | ||||
| External | 51.9 | 7S.6 | 90.7 | 51.3 | 65.7 | 25.6 | ||||
| Extra budgetary expenditures 5/ | 212.5 | 211.7 | 203.7 | 235.0 | 243.6 | 81.5 | ||||
| Pension and medical funds 3/ | … | … | 174.0 | 197.8 | 201.6 | 71.9 | ||||
| Road fund | … | … | 24.5 | 32.1 | 42.0 | 9.6 | ||||
| Local government expenditures 6/ | 171.7 | 237.9 | 233.1 | 305.0 | 315.6 | 65.4 | ||||
| Capital expenditure | 65.5 | 48.7 | 30.2 | 71.9 | 78.6 | 17.6 | ||||
| Net lending | 33.6 | 71.7 | 31.6 | 44.3 | 72.8 | 19.1 | ||||
| Overall balance (commitments) | -309.9 | -379.6 | -242.6 | -130.0 | -147.1 | -57.7 | ||||
| Adjustment to cash basis | 64.0 | 97.6 | 89.0 | 20.9 | 8.l | 46.1 | ||||
| Net change in expenditure arrears (-, reduction) 7/ | 64.0 | 95.9 | 84.0 | 12.7 | -29.8 | 29.9 | ||||
| External interest | … | … | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Domestic expenditure | … | … | 84.0 | 12.6 | -29.8 | 29.9 | ||||
| TMU definition | … | … | 84.0 | 11.3 | -29.8 | 34.9 | ||||
| Statistical discrepancy | 0.0 | 1.7 | 5.0 | 8.2 | 37.9 | 16.1 | ||||
| Overall balance (cash) | -246.0 | -282.0 | -IS3.6 | -109.1 | -139.0 | -11.6 | ||||
| Total financing | 246.0 | 282.0 | 153.6 | 109.1 | 139.0 | 11.6 | ||||
| Privatization | 73.4 | 52.7 | 19.1 | 5.6 | 15.3 | 5.2 | ||||
| Domestic | 97.9 | 131.9 | 133.0 | -25.3 | -7.8 | -9.2 | ||||
| NBG credit (loans and t-bills) net of deposits 8/ | 109.8 | 187.1 | 136.9 | -15.0 | 16.8 | -12.4 | ||||
| Of which: NBG recapitalization | 0.0 | 70.3 | -42.2 | -28.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Commercial banks (t-bills and deposits) | -2.1 | 0.0 | -1.5 | 1.5 | -27.7 | 8.5 | ||||
| Commercial banks (other) | … | … | -13.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Nonbank (t-bills and other) | -9.7 | 15.1 | 10.7 | -11.8 | 3.1 | -5.3 | ||||
| Offset to NBG recapitalization | 0.0 | -70.3 | 42.2 | 28.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| External | 74.7 | 68.7 | 1.6 | 128.8 | 131.5 | 24.2 | ||||
| Disbursements | 100.2 | 138.4 | 68.6 | 162.4 | 170.3 | 2S.7 | ||||
| Amortization 9/ | -115.4 | -182.0 | -210.9 | -256.6 | -115.7 | -28.1 | ||||
| Changes in arrears (-, reduction) | -73.6 | 112.4 | 132.0 | -14.3 | 0.0 | 23.6 | ||||
| Macroeconomic support | 163.5 | 0.0 | 11.8 | 237.3 | 77.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Net U.S. in-kind loans | … | 28.6 | 10.0 | … | … | … | ||||
| Adjustment for net withheld Adjara transfers 9/ | … | … | … | … | … | -8.5 | ||||
| Memorandum items: | ||||||||||
| Tax revenue, program definition | 643.6 | 782.3 | 851.5 | 951.5 | 1,246.0 | 273.4 | ||||
| Cigarette and petroleum tax revenue | … | … | 61.8 | 79.7 | 138.6 | 23.9 | ||||
| Social spending (cash basis) | … | … | … | 539.5 | 624.9 | 160.9 | ||||
| Public Debt (end of period) | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||||
| Nominal GDP (in millions of lari) | 5,040.2 | 5,664.9 | 6,012.7 | 6,637.8 | 7,457.1 | 1,894.1 | ||||
| (In percent of GDP) | ||||||||||
| Total revenue and grants (excl. privat.) | 15.6 | 15.4 | 15.2 | 16.3 | 15.8 | 16.2 | ||||
| Total revenue | 14.7 | 14.6 | 14.9 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 15.8 | ||||
| Tax revenue 1/ | 12.8 | 13.8 | 14.2 | 14.3 | 14.4 | 14.4 | ||||
| Taxes on income | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.6 | ||||
| Taxes on profits | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | ||||
| VAT | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.9 | ||||
| Customs duties | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | ||||
| Excises | 0.8 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.9 | ||||
| Other taxes | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | ||||
| Nontax revenue | 1.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | ||||
| Extrabudgetary revenue 2/ | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 | ||||
| Pension and medical funds 3/ | … | … | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.2 | ||||
| Employment fund | … | … | 0.1 | 0.1 | … | … | ||||
| Road fund | … | … | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | ||||
| Of which: Gasoline excise | … | … | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||||
| Grants 8/ | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 | ||||
| Total expenditure and net lending | 21.8 | 22.1 | 19.2 | 18.3 | 17.8 | 19.2 | ||||
| Current expenditure | 19.8 | 20.0 | 18.2 | 16.5 | 15.7 | 17.3 | ||||
| Wages and salaries 2/ | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.0 | ||||
| Goods and services | 4.0 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.0 | ||||
| Transfers and subsidies 4/ | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.0 | ||||
| Interest payments | 2.3 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.6 | ||||
| Domestic | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | ||||
| External | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.4 | ||||
| Extra budgetary expenditures 5/ | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 4.3 | ||||
| Pension and medical funds 3/ | … | … | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 3.8 | ||||
| Road fund | … | … | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | ||||
| Local government expenditures 6/ | 3.4 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 3.5 | ||||
| Capital expenditure | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | ||||
| Net lending | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Overall balance (commitments) | -6.1 | -6.7 | -4.0 | -2.0 | -2.0 | -3.0 | ||||
| Adjustment to cash basis | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2.4 | ||||
| Net change in expenditure arrears (-, reduction) 7/ | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.2 | -0.4 | 1.6 | ||||
| External interest | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Domestic expenditure | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.2 | -0.4 | 1.6 | ||||
| TMU definition | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.2 | -0.4 | 1.8 | ||||
| Statistical discrepancy | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | ||||
| Overall balance (cash) | -4.9 | -5.0 | -2.6 | -1.6 | -1.9 | -0.6 | ||||
| Total financing | 4.9 | 5.0 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 0.6 | ||||
| Privatization | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | ||||
| Domestic | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.2 | -0.4 | -0.1 | -0.5 | ||||
| NBG credit (loans and t-bills) net of deposits 8/ | 2.2 | 3.3 | 2.3 | -0.2 | 0.2 | -0.7 | ||||
| Of which: NBG recapitalization | 0.0 | 1.2 | -0.7 | -0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Commercial banks (t-bills and deposits) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.4 | 0.4 | ||||
| Nonbank (t-bills and other) | -0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.0 | -0.3 | ||||
| External | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.3 | ||||
| Disbursements | 2.0 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 1.5 | ||||
| Amortization 9/ | -2.3 | -3.2 | -3.5 | -3.9 | -1.6 | -1.5 | ||||
| Changes in arrears (-, reduction) | -1.5 | 2.0 | 2.2 | -0.2 | 0.0 | 1.2 | ||||
| Macroeconomic support | 3.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 0.0 | ||||
| Net U.S. in-kind loans | … | 0.5 | 0.2 | … | … | … | ||||
| Adjustment for net withheld Adjara transfers 9/ | … | … | … | … | … | -0.4 | ||||
| Memorandum items: | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||||
| Tax revenue, program definition | 0.0 | 0.0 | 14.2 | 14.3 | 16.7 | 14.4 | ||||
| Cigarette and petroleum tax revenue | 12.8 | 13.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 1.3 | ||||
| Social spending (cash basis) | … | … | … | 8.1 | 8.4 | 8.5 | ||||
| Public debt | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||||
| Nominal GDP (in millions of lari) | 5,040.2 | 5,664.9 | 6,012.7 | 6,637.8 | 7,457.1 | 1,894.1 | ||||
program definition for tax revenue includes extrabudgetary revenue.
Exclude payroll to SSF and to EF (2000 and 2001) or employment programs (2002).
The previously off-budget state medical fund was consolidated with the state pension fund in January 2003.
Exclude transfers from central budget to local budgets, to SSF, and to EF (2000 and 2001) or employment programs (2002).
Include transfers and payroll from central budgets and payroll from local budgets.
Include transfers from central budget. Exclude payroll to SSF and to EF (2000 and 2001) or employment programs (2002).
TMU arrears includes social spending items, Such as wages, pensions, food in-kind, refugee allowances and a part of local spending.
Excluding 2001 recapitalization transfers (28.1 million lari).
Beginning in 2003, financing is adjusted by the amount of withheld tax revenue collected by Adjara on behalf of the central government.
Georgia: personal Income Tax Structure
As of 1997, a tax deduction of GEL 9 per month (108 annually) was introduced to be applied against wage earnings.
Tax exempt sources of income include gifts and inheritance, state pensions and other stipends, alimony, self-employed farm income and capital gains on personal assets.
An income exemption of GEL 3,000 is available for invalids since childhood, certain categories of the blind, World War II participants, single mothers, and adoptive parents.
An income exemption of GEL 1,500 is available for certain categories of invalids, inhabitants of mountainous regions with more than 3 children, which is reduced to a reduction of 50 percent of the tax liability for families with less than 3 children.
Georgia: personal Income Tax Structure
| Examples | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income Threshold | Marginal Tax Rate | Cumulative Tax Liability | Taxable income | Standard deduction | Net tax income | Tax due | Average tax rate |
| Less than GEL 200 | 12 percent | 12 percent of all earned income below GEL 200 | 150 | 108 | 42 | 5 | 3.4% |
| GEL 201-350 | 15 percent | GEL 24 plus 15 percent of income greater than GEL 201 | 350 | 108 | 242 | 30 | 8.6% |
| GEL 351-600 | 17 percent | GEL 46.5 plus 17 percent of income greater than GEL 351 | 575 | 108 | 467 | 66 | 11.5% |
| Greater than GEL 601 | 20 percent | GEL 89 plus 20 percent of income greater than GEL 601 | 1,500 | 108 | 1,392 | 247 | 16.5% |
As of 1997, a tax deduction of GEL 9 per month (108 annually) was introduced to be applied against wage earnings.
Tax exempt sources of income include gifts and inheritance, state pensions and other stipends, alimony, self-employed farm income and capital gains on personal assets.
An income exemption of GEL 3,000 is available for invalids since childhood, certain categories of the blind, World War II participants, single mothers, and adoptive parents.
An income exemption of GEL 1,500 is available for certain categories of invalids, inhabitants of mountainous regions with more than 3 children, which is reduced to a reduction of 50 percent of the tax liability for families with less than 3 children.
Georgia: personal Income Tax Structure
| Examples | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income Threshold | Marginal Tax Rate | Cumulative Tax Liability | Taxable income | Standard deduction | Net tax income | Tax due | Average tax rate |
| Less than GEL 200 | 12 percent | 12 percent of all earned income below GEL 200 | 150 | 108 | 42 | 5 | 3.4% |
| GEL 201-350 | 15 percent | GEL 24 plus 15 percent of income greater than GEL 201 | 350 | 108 | 242 | 30 | 8.6% |
| GEL 351-600 | 17 percent | GEL 46.5 plus 17 percent of income greater than GEL 351 | 575 | 108 | 467 | 66 | 11.5% |
| Greater than GEL 601 | 20 percent | GEL 89 plus 20 percent of income greater than GEL 601 | 1,500 | 108 | 1,392 | 247 | 16.5% |
As of 1997, a tax deduction of GEL 9 per month (108 annually) was introduced to be applied against wage earnings.
Tax exempt sources of income include gifts and inheritance, state pensions and other stipends, alimony, self-employed farm income and capital gains on personal assets.
An income exemption of GEL 3,000 is available for invalids since childhood, certain categories of the blind, World War II participants, single mothers, and adoptive parents.
An income exemption of GEL 1,500 is available for certain categories of invalids, inhabitants of mountainous regions with more than 3 children, which is reduced to a reduction of 50 percent of the tax liability for families with less than 3 children.
Georgia: Statutory Revenue Sharing Arrangements, 1998-2003 1/
Legislative changes introduced in the 2000 budget will shift all VAT and excise tax revenue to the state level (central government and extrabudgetary funds).
This includes the natural resource tax, ecology (environmental) tax, land tax, property tax, as well as miscellaneous other taxes.
The division of the revenue depends on the specifics of the transaction.
Georgia: Statutory Revenue Sharing Arrangements, 1998-2003 1/
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Local | State | Local | State | Local | State | Local | State | Local | State | Local | ||
| VAT | |||||||||||||
| Standard, collected by Tax Dept. (STD) 2/ | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
| Standard, collected by Customs (SCD) | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
| Ajara, collected by Customs (SCD) | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | |
| Ajara, collected by Tax Dept (STD) | 70 | 30 | 70 | 30 | 70 | 30 | 70 | 30 | 70 | 30 | 70 | 30 | |
| Tbilisi, collected by Tax Dept. (STD) | 85 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
| Excises | |||||||||||||
| Standard | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
| Ajara, collected by Customs (SCD) | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | |
| Profit tax | |||||||||||||
| Standard | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | |
| Ajara and Abkhazia | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | |
| Tbilisi | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 85 | 15 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | |
| Income tax | |||||||||||||
| Standard | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | |
| Ajara and Abkhazia | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | |
| Tbilisi | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 85 | 15 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | |
| Customs duties | |||||||||||||
| Standard | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
| Ajara, collected by Customs (SCD) | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | |
| Poti | 95 | 5 | 95 | 5 | 95 | 5 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
| Other taxes 3/ | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | |
Legislative changes introduced in the 2000 budget will shift all VAT and excise tax revenue to the state level (central government and extrabudgetary funds).
This includes the natural resource tax, ecology (environmental) tax, land tax, property tax, as well as miscellaneous other taxes.
The division of the revenue depends on the specifics of the transaction.
Georgia: Statutory Revenue Sharing Arrangements, 1998-2003 1/
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Local | State | Local | State | Local | State | Local | State | Local | State | Local | ||
| VAT | |||||||||||||
| Standard, collected by Tax Dept. (STD) 2/ | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
| Standard, collected by Customs (SCD) | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
| Ajara, collected by Customs (SCD) | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | |
| Ajara, collected by Tax Dept (STD) | 70 | 30 | 70 | 30 | 70 | 30 | 70 | 30 | 70 | 30 | 70 | 30 | |
| Tbilisi, collected by Tax Dept. (STD) | 85 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
| Excises | |||||||||||||
| Standard | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
| Ajara, collected by Customs (SCD) | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | |
| Profit tax | |||||||||||||
| Standard | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | |
| Ajara and Abkhazia | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | |
| Tbilisi | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 85 | 15 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | |
| Income tax | |||||||||||||
| Standard | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | |
| Ajara and Abkhazia | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 99 | |
| Tbilisi | 40 | 60 | 40 | 60 | 85 | 15 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | 15 | 85 | |
| Customs duties | |||||||||||||
| Standard | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
| Ajara, collected by Customs (SCD) | 60 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | |
| Poti | 95 | 5 | 95 | 5 | 95 | 5 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | |
| Other taxes 3/ | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 | |
Legislative changes introduced in the 2000 budget will shift all VAT and excise tax revenue to the state level (central government and extrabudgetary funds).
This includes the natural resource tax, ecology (environmental) tax, land tax, property tax, as well as miscellaneous other taxes.
The division of the revenue depends on the specifics of the transaction.
Georgia: Tax Arrears, 1998–2003 1/
(Beginning of period)
The coverage of tax arrears includes contributions to the pension fund, taxes collected by the State Customs Department and payroll taxes associated with the Employment Fund before 2003. Arrears to the Road Fund and some local governments taxes are excluded. The data include unpaid penalties for overdue tax payment obligations.
presented as a percentage of GDP in the preceding four quarters.
Georgia: Tax Arrears, 1998–2003 1/
(Beginning of period)
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | July | January | July | January | July | January | January | July | January | July | ||||
| (In millions of lari) | ||||||||||||||
| Total tax arrears | 172.2 | 216.2 | 309.6 | 351.1 | 456.3 | 552.0 | 789.8 | 1123.3 | 1333.7 | 1579.2 | 1842.1 | |||
| VAT | 47.1 | 59.7 | 102.5 | 101.1 | 130.6 | 160.7 | 243.2 | 346.5 | 447.0 | 501.7 | 583.5 | |||
| Profit tax | 20.9 | 27.0 | 46.5 | 56.7 | 70.7 | 82.8 | 107.6 | 172.4 | 199.5 | 246.9 | 302.4 | |||
| Personal income tax | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 55.5 | 67.6 | 79.5 | 97.1 | |||
| Excise tax | 8.6 | 16.6 | 20.2 | 22.5 | 155.5 | 18.1 | 22.6 | 21.0 | 22.9 | 24.8 | 27.0 | |||
| Property tax | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 98.3 | 115.2 | 119.2 | 135.7 | |||
| Land tax | 16.3 | 16.7 | 31.9 | 38.9 | 57.8 | 64.5 | 93.4 | 122.1 | 131.9 | 173.6 | 187.3 | |||
| Other taxes collected by Tax Dept. (STD) | 18.5 | 36.1 | 58.2 | 68.2 | 90.2 | 108.1 | 169.8 | 110.0 | 111.0 | 161.2 | 182.6 | |||
| Taxes collected by Customs (SCD) | … | … | 4.8 | … | … | … | … | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||
| Payroll taxes | 60.9 | 60.2 | 50.3 | 63.6 | 80.2 | 83.2 | 153.2 | 197.3 | 238.7 | 272.3 | 326.5 | |||
| Pension Fund | 60.0 | 59.0 | 48.8 | 61.6 | 76.7 | 79.8 | 147.3 | 190.6 | 230.5 | 263.4 | 326.5 | |||
| Employment Fund | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 0.0 | |||
| (In percent of GDP) 2/ | ||||||||||||||
| Total tax arrears 2/ | 3.8 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 13.1 | 16.9 | 19.0 | 21.2 | 23.4 | |||
| VAT | 1.1 | 13 | 2.0 | |||||||||||