Abstract
This Selected Issues paper reviews the external competitiveness of the Belarusian economy, particularly in 2000–01. The analysis starts with an overview of developments in Belarus’ external current account. The paper then examines various competitiveness indicators, most importantly changes in external and internal real exchange rates, as well as labor cost measures. It reviews trade data by sectors to explain recent export performance. The paper also provides an overview of current wage policy and its macroeconomic effects.
V. Belarus-Russia Monetary Union1
A. Background
1. The intention to establish a monetary union between Russia and Belarus preceded the recent debate about the optimal exchange rate system and is also motivated by noneconomic considerations. Already in 1993—shortly after the breakup of the Soviet Union—the two countries drew up an agreement to establish a joint monetary system. According to the draft, Belarus would adopt the Russian ruble as legal tender. While disagreement over the conversion exchange rate postponed the implementation of these plans, Russia and Belarus continued to express their intentions to integrate economically and to lay the foundation for a monetary union. At the end of 1999, the two countries agreed to create a union state, providing, inter alia, for the adoption of common tax and customs policies. At the end of 2000, as a step toward this monetary union, Belarus and Russia agreed to introduce a common currency and to adopt measures to create the appropriate conditions for the single currency (see Table 1 for a chronological review of the integration efforts). These agreements were ratified by the parliaments of Russia and Belarus in March and May 2001, respectively. However, there is still no agreement on the procedure for the issuance of the common currency.
Russia-Belarus: Chronology of Monetary and Economic Integration Process
Russia-Belarus: Chronology of Monetary and Economic Integration Process
| Date | Action | Objective/Description |
|---|---|---|
| May 1992-May 1994 | Separation of the monetary system between Russia and Belarus. | To gain control over monetary policy. |
| January 1, 1993 | Bilateral protocol on a technical credit of the Bank of Russia to the NBB ($300 million). | To improve the trade relationships between Russia and Belarus. |
| During 1993 | Draft agreement for the creation of a joint monetary system. | To create a common monetary system, with the Russian ruble as the common currency. This was postponed due to disagreements over the conversion exchange rate. |
| April 2, 1996 | Agreement on the creation of a political and economic community. | To create a single market, allowing for free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. The agreement also laid the basis for the establishment of institutions for the new union state and for the creation of the conditions for a monetary union by harmonizing rules and laws, and by coordinating and synchronizing economic reforms. |
| April 2, 1997 | Conversion of the political and economic community into a political and economic union. | This entailed the expansion of the April 1996 Treaty. Despite the formal deepening of economic ties and the agreement to coordinate custom tariffs, national economic policies started to diverge. |
| End-1998 | Agreement on the creation of equal conditions for commercial entities. | The two countries set up a timetable to revitalize the integration process and level the playing field for legal entities and persons in the two countries. |
| December 8, 1999 | Agreement on the creation of a union state. | |
| November 30, 2000 | Agreement on introducing a common currency and establishing a single issuing center for the union state as well as agreement on the necessary measures to create the conditions for such a union. | These agreements were ratified by the Russian Duma in March, 2001 and by the Belarusian Parliament in May, 2001. |
Russia-Belarus: Chronology of Monetary and Economic Integration Process
| Date | Action | Objective/Description |
|---|---|---|
| May 1992-May 1994 | Separation of the monetary system between Russia and Belarus. | To gain control over monetary policy. |
| January 1, 1993 | Bilateral protocol on a technical credit of the Bank of Russia to the NBB ($300 million). | To improve the trade relationships between Russia and Belarus. |
| During 1993 | Draft agreement for the creation of a joint monetary system. | To create a common monetary system, with the Russian ruble as the common currency. This was postponed due to disagreements over the conversion exchange rate. |
| April 2, 1996 | Agreement on the creation of a political and economic community. | To create a single market, allowing for free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. The agreement also laid the basis for the establishment of institutions for the new union state and for the creation of the conditions for a monetary union by harmonizing rules and laws, and by coordinating and synchronizing economic reforms. |
| April 2, 1997 | Conversion of the political and economic community into a political and economic union. | This entailed the expansion of the April 1996 Treaty. Despite the formal deepening of economic ties and the agreement to coordinate custom tariffs, national economic policies started to diverge. |
| End-1998 | Agreement on the creation of equal conditions for commercial entities. | The two countries set up a timetable to revitalize the integration process and level the playing field for legal entities and persons in the two countries. |
| December 8, 1999 | Agreement on the creation of a union state. | |
| November 30, 2000 | Agreement on introducing a common currency and establishing a single issuing center for the union state as well as agreement on the necessary measures to create the conditions for such a union. | These agreements were ratified by the Russian Duma in March, 2001 and by the Belarusian Parliament in May, 2001. |
2. According to the current timetable, the monetary union would be established in several steps. As a first step, Belarus adopted a crawling peg vis-à-vis the Russian ruble from the beginning of 2001.2 In 2005, Belarus would adopt the Russian ruble as legal tender. From 2008, the two countries would introduce a new joint currency. As part of these agreements, during the transition period the Central Bank of Russia (CBR) would provide support to stabilize the Blr/Rub exchange rate.3
3. This chapter reviews the economic aspects of the monetary union from the point of view of Belarus. Section B analyzes the key benefits and costs of the monetary union. Section C addresses some of the transitional issues in light of European country experiences during the run-up to the EMU. Section D discusses the choice of an appropriate anchor in Belarus. The chapter concludes with a summary.
B. Economic Costs and Benefits of the Union for Belarus
Impact on trade and income
4. The introduction of a common currency is associated with a reduction in trading costs, which is expected to lead to higher levels of trade, income, and consumption. A number of studies have attempted to quantify the economic impact of a monetary union. For example, based on data covering economic and geographic variables for more than 200 countries and regions, Frankel and Rose (2000) suggest that the creation of a monetary union could boost trade with the country whose currency is adopted by a factor of three, without diverting trade away from other trading partners. They estimated that an increase in trade by one percent relative to GDP would be associated with an increase in income per capita by one third of a percent of GDP over a 20-year period.4 The positive impact on trade and output from a monetary union between Russia and Belarus is likely to be substantially less than suggested by these numbers. In contrast to cases where a union is newly established, trade relationships between the two countries still reflect “old” trade ties stemming from the Soviet Union times. Because Belarus and Russia are natural trading partners due to the geographic closeness, common language, and historical, cultural and economic ties, the current direction of trade flows is skewed toward Russia. Finally, Belarus currently receives direct and indirect subsidies from Russia in the context of barter arrangements, arrears’ financing (especially in the energy sector), and trade financing. While the establishment of a monetary union would reduce trading costs, some of the subsidies could be eliminated as a result of further progress in Russia to reform and privatize enterprises companies in the energy sector, which would lead to profit-maximizing behavior.
Asymmetric shocks and flexibility of labor markets
5. The literature on optimal currency areas suggests that countries that are subject to asymmetric shocks and that lack flexible factor markets are not good candidates for a common currency (for example, Mundell, 1961). This is indeed the case for Belarus.
6. Supply shocks are likely to affect the two economies in very different ways. Belarus’s economy relies heavily on agriculture. In 2000, agriculture and fishery accounted for percent of GDP and total employment. While Belarus is not a significant producer of fossil fuels, Russia’s economy depends heavily on the production of petroleum and gas. In 2000, fuel and gas production accounted for 5 percent of Russian GDP (and almost percent of industrial production) while the contribution of agriculture was limited to 7 percent of GDP. Adverse weather conditions and a bad harvest can affect Belarus significantly while having a relatively small impact on Russia. 5 Russia, in turn, is vulnerable to large and sustained changes in international oil and gas prices.
7. Economic developments in Russia since the beginning of 1999 illustrate the challenges faced by policymakers in a country subject to “Dutch disease.” In the case of a union, Belarus would be directly confronted by these challenges as well. Largely as a result of a surge in oil and gas prices, Russia experienced a substantial improvement in its terms-of- trade (the external current account turned from a deficit of about 1 percent of GDP in 1998 to a surplus of 18 percent of GDP in 2000). Despite a continued high level of capital flight, the CBR was able to increase the import coverage of reserves from less than 2 months in 1998 to 5½ months in 2000. The CBR intervened heavily to offset pressures for a nominal appreciation. However, since these interventions were only partially sterilized, the real exchange rate appreciated somewhat (Figure 1). As a result, profit margins in the nonenergy sector have decreased, reducing growth prospects for the sector.6
Russia: Real Effective Exchange Rate and Oil Prices
Citation: IMF Staff Country Reports 2002, 022; 10.5089/9781451805062.002.A005
An increase in the REER index implies a real appreciation.8. By joining the monetary union, Belarus would import Russia’s policy challenges without profiting from high world market prices for oil and gas. Despite a loss in competitiveness in the non-oil and nongas sectors, Russian citizens have benefited from the improvement in the terms of trade.7 In the absence of a fiscal transfer mechanism from the Union, the Belarusian economy would import oil and gas-related supply shocks. As a result, exporters would lose competitiveness but Belarusian citizens would not profit from the improvement in the terms of trade.8 In addition, these supply shocks could undermine the credibility of the crawling peg arrangement envisaged during the run-up to monetary union.
9. The literature on optimal currency areas also emphasizes that factor mobility should be a key determinant in the decision to adopt a single currency. In the case of the Belarus-Russia monetary union this would require, for example, flexible labor markets. While labor markets both in Russia and Belarus reflect the legacy of state ownership and lifetime employment, developments in both countries have diverged over the past ten years.9 Russia has moved forward with the rationalization of labor markets (for example, by bringing hidden unemployment into the open during the privatization process), while the Belarusian economy continues to be dominated by public employment and state ownership. In effect, functioning labor markets are largely absent in Belarus. As Figure 2 shows, in Belarus changes in output have almost no impact on unemployment. This contrasts with Russia, where changes in demand have been associated with substantial changes in unemployment.
Belarus: GDP growth and unemployment, 1993-2000 1/
Citation: IMF Staff Country Reports 2002, 022; 10.5089/9781451805062.002.A005
Russia: GDP growth and unemployment, 1993-2000
Citation: IMF Staff Country Reports 2002, 022; 10.5089/9781451805062.002.A005
1/ Each data point represents one year in the 1993-2000 period.Seigniorage
10. A major disadvantage for any country in giving up its currency is the loss of seigniorage. According to the current legal framework for the Belarus-Russia monetary union, no provisions for the sharing of seigniorage have been made. With the planned adoption of the Russian ruble in 2005 and a single emission center located in Russia, Belarus would forego the seigniorage. The net present value of this loss would depend ultimately on future average inflation and discount rate in Belarus, but could be significant.10
Monetary policy implementation
11. The monetary policy of the Union is likely to be driven by Russia rather than by Belarus; especially if Russia issues the common currency, but also due to the relative size of the two countries. The implication is that interest rates and monetary targets would be determined by Russia. This could lead to volatility of money supply in Belarus, especially given the likelihood of asymmetric shocks, as elaborated above.
Financial intermediation and financial market integration
12. The high level of taxation and government spending in Belarus demonstrate that the government continues to be heavily involved in the allocation of resources. Furthermore, the ownership of banks by the government (either fully or partially), the virtual absence of foreign banks, and the “hands-on” relationship between the government and bank management imply that market-based resource allocation is still very limited. Financial intermediation through the banking system is very low—total bank assets amounted to less than 30 percent of GDP in 2000. The past tendencies by the authorities to encourage and, in the case of some sectors like agriculture, to direct credits to nonprofitable industries, have contributed to a large share of nonperforming loans and a weakening of banks’ financial position.
13. The envisaged move toward a monetary union is likely to affect the banking system in a number of ways. The authorities’ current intermediate exchange rate system before the introduction of the common currency, i.e., the crawling peg, is likely to put too much emphasis on monetary policy. Without supporting fiscal policy and an acceleration of structural reforms, there is likely to be a bias toward monetary policy tightness in order to maintain the credibility of exchange rate policy. This reliance on tight monetary policy would tend to put pressure on banks, contributing to a further weakening of the sector and, potentially, to a liquidity crisis. To minimize this problem, an effort to restructure the sector would need to be made during the transition period.
14. Once the common currency has been adopted, the ability of the National Bank of Belarus (NBB) to provide liquidity support to the banking system would be reduced, since any future participation in the decision-making process of the joint central bank would be subject to Russia’s interests as well. However, the introduction of a common currency could increase competition among Belarusian banks. The use of a single currency would reduce information costs and reveal more clearly existing inefficiencies in the banking system by allowing savers and borrowers to compare lending and deposits rates with those offered by Russian banks. While this would increase the ability of Belarusian enterprises and banks to borrow funds in Russia and therefore alleviate the shortage of funds for viable Belarusian enterprises, it could contribute to a further weakening of the Belarusian banking system.
15. Under these circumstances, a well-functioning capital market could act as a safety valve and as an alternative means, especially for the private sector, to raise funds. For the time being, however, the market for bonds is extremely underdeveloped. Currently, the government is the only issuer of securities, which are limited mostly to short-term instruments, i.e., GKOs with a maturity of up to one year. Moreover, a corporate debt market does not exist, since under current legislation only open, joint-stock companies are allowed to trade at the Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange (BCSE). Given that most large enterprises are still publicly-owned and not incorporated, the debt market will only develop once enterprises are privatized. The same applies to the equities market—there are currently no actively traded companies listed on the BCSE.
16. The introduction of a common currency is likely to have a positive impact on the development of capital markets in Belarus. It would also facilitate borrowing in international capital markets. The development of bond and equity markets between the two countries would help establish capital markets in Belarus and contribute to its integration with Russia. Private enterprises and the Belarusian government would be able to obtain resources at lower cost. This in turn would foster growth and allow the government to lower the level of taxation. After the introduction of a unified currency and elimination of exchange rate risk, securities issued by both the public and the private sectors in Russia and Belarus would become closer substitutes. The potential for a rapid integration of these markets is rather large, given their historical links and the lack of language barriers. Of course, the harmonization of accounting standards, shareholder’s rights and the respective corporate tax systems would be required for the corporate bond and equity market in Belarus to fully take advantage of the lack of exchange rate risk and for investors to be indifferent between investing in Russia and Belarus.
C. Credibility Problems During the Transition
17. According to the current framework and timetable, Belarus would move toward a monetary union by first pursuing a crawling peg. Therefore, during the transition period Russia and Belarus would be faced with an incomplete union. To some degree, this transition period is similar to the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) in the run-up to the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).13 The recent experience with soft pegs and the ERM suggests that a relatively flexible system should be pursued, focusing on the adoption of policies that lead to convergence in macroeconomic aggregates, institutions, and factor markets. The greater the convergence in these areas, the smoother the transition to a monetary union.
18. Credibility problems may arise during the transition period. While the government has announced a crawling peg system, market participants may question whether the authorities will be willing or able to implement the financial policies and structural reforms needed to make the peg viable. If the potential political cost of a devaluation is perceived to be less than the political cost of pursuing tight policies, market participants would have an incentive to speculate against the currency, with an adverse impact on inflation, economic growth, and employment.
D. The Question of the Anchor
19. The choice of an optimal anchor in Belarus is complicated by a number of factors. As noted earlier, Belarus’s natural trading partner is Russia, for geographical and historical reasons. This is reflected in the large share of trade with Russia—65 percent of imports and 51 percent of exports in 2000. Since Belarus is a very open economy (the ratio of exports and imports was as high as 125 percent of GDP during the same year), trade with Russia is crucial for economic performance. At the same time, however, Belarus shares a border with Poland and Lithuania, which are in the process of joining the European Union. The geographical closeness to the European Union could imply more trade opportunities with Central and Western Europe in the future and therefore an increased role for the euro. More importantly in the short run, however, is the fact that market participants in Belarus focus on the Rb1/$ exchange rate rather than the Rbl/Rub rate. As a result of high and variable inflation rates over the past ten years, the dollar is widely used as a store of value. A large share of financial assets is held in dollars—at the end of September 2001, 68 percent of all banking deposits were denominated in foreign exchange (mostly in dollars). Despite the large share of trade with Russia, an estimated 50 percent of all import transactions are valued in dollars rather than in Russian rubles. In addition, barter trade continues to play a major role in transactions with Russia.
20. The downside risks of prematurely pegging the Belarusian currency to the Russian ruble in such an environment are high. The announcement of a peg vis-à-vis the Russian ruble would not fully be credible as long as the dollar continues to be the key exchange rate in Belarus. In case of substantial movements of the Russian ruble vis-à-vis the dollar—for example, as a result of changes in international energy prices—the Belarusian authorities would face a dilemma. To keep exchange rate stability, they might be forced to maintain a peg vis-à-vis the dollar rather than to the Russian ruble. However, by doing so the crawling peg system could lose credibility, which in turn would jeopardize the government’s objective to move toward a monetary union with Russia. The dilemma could be resolved by using a monetary anchor during the transition period in order to gain and maintain macroeconomic stability, instead of relying on an exchange rate anchor. As inflation declines and macroeconomic stability takes hold, the role of the dollar would diminish and the economy would experience re-monetization. At the same time, structural reforms leading to improvements in competitiveness would have started to show results. Pegging the Belarusian rubel to the Russian currency at that stage would be credible.
E. Summary
21. Belarus is currently confronted with the double challenge of stabilizing its economy and creating an environment that would foster sustainable long-term economic growth. In this context, questions related to the benefits and costs of creating a monetary union, which currency to adopt, and what path the country should embark on to get there, become relevant. While the ultimate decision to join Russia in a monetary union is also driven by geo-political considerations—as was the case in the establishment of a monetary union in Europe—it is important to analyze both the benefits and costs of such an arrangement in order to encourage reforms. Even if the monetary union objective is taken as a given, it is important to determine the best way to get there.
22. Regarding benefits, the potential boost of income and trade for Belarus is likely to be substantially less than suggested by the recent literature on currency unions because the two countries already enjoy longstanding trade relations. Benefits are likely to arise from the reduction in barter trade and the elimination of exchange rate risk—which should reduce the cost of borrowing and encourage the development of capital markets in Belarus. This in turn would contribute to a better allocation of resources and increased opportunities to tap into Russia’s capital markets. On the negative side, the biggest challenges originate from the marked differences in economic structure in the two countries. While convergence in the institutional framework could minimize the impact of demand shocks, Russia’s strong reliance on oil and gas exports and the price volatility in such markets would make Belarus extremely vulnerable to exogenous supply shocks. Such policy challenges could be reduced through structural reforms in Belarus, notably efforts to reduce state ownership and improve labor market flexibility. In addition, in principle adverse implications for Belarus could be minimized if the union were to allow for fiscal transfers. However, the current framework does not envisage such arrangements.
23. If Belarus and Russia pursue their plans to adopt a monetary union, EMU experience would suggest that Belarus should avoid pegging its currency prematurely to the Russian ruble and instead focus on the convergence of macroeconomic indicators. That is, during the transition period, Belarus should allow for a rather flexible exchange rate in form of either a free float or a peg with sufficiently wide bands around the central parity. Flexibility during the transition period is even more warranted in view of the fact that for the time being market participants continue to focus on the Rb1/$ rather than the Rb1/Rub exchange rate. A peg vis-à-vis the Russian ruble could therefore create a policy dilemma and undermine the credibility of the economic policy.
References
DeGrauwe, Paul. 2000. Economics of Monetary Union. Oxford (University Press).
Frankel, Jeffrey and Andrew Rose. 2000. Estimating the Effects of Currency Unions on Trade and Output. NBER Working Paper 7857. Cambridge, MA.
Kallaur, P. V. 2001. Monetary Union of Belarus and Russia: Economic Prerequisites and Consequences. (Ph.D. Dissertation).
Mundell, R. 1961. The Theory of Optimum Currency Areas. American Economic Review 51. 4: 657–665.
APPENDIX I: Status of the Tax System1
As of July 1, 2001
A. Individual Income Tax
1. Taxable income includes cash income in domestic and foreign currencies and in-kind income earned in Belarus and abroad. There are several types of income which are not taxed, such as the following: (i) certain gifts (material incentives) received from an enterprise in an amount of 30 monthly minimum wages (MMW) per year; (ii) free or discounted health resort treatment, and other support of social protection nature; (iii) all forms of social benefits (pensions, benefits under state social insurance and state social welfare (except temporary disability benefits), benefits paid by the state to citizens who suffered from the Chernobyl accident, and scholarships for students; (iv) proceeds from the sale of private property (once every five years for real estate and once a year for vehicles); (v) income from sale of products from private plots; (vi) interest and gains on deposits with banking institutions and on government securities; (vii) income received by inheritance and income received as a result of a gift from close relatives, regardless of the amount; and (viii) income received as a result of a gift from other individuals whose permanent residence is located on the territory of Belarus, up to two hundred times the MMW per gift, but not to exceed five hundred times MMW in a year.
2. The income tax on physical persons is collected on a progressive rate scale. Tax rates are differentiated depending on taxable income expressed. The rate scale below became effective on January 1, 1999. Dividends and similar income, if earned, are taxed at a rate of 15 percent.
3. Members of kolkhozes (or of agricultural entities with a collective form of ownership formed out of former kolkhozes) pay income tax on the basis of the same procedure as all other tax payers.
4. Deductions for children and dependents are:
2 MMW per child up to age of 18 and for each dependent.
5. Deductions amounting to 10 MMW per month (120 MMW per year) are allowed for the following taxpayers:
persons who fell ill and suffered radiation sickness from the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, and persons who participated in disaster recovery efforts;
veterans of various wars; and
categories I and II of disabled persons with all types of disability.
B. Tax on Income and Profit
6. The income and profit tax is levied on legal entities, including enterprises with foreign investments, foreign legal entities, subsidiaries, representative offices, branch offices, and other structural subdivisions possessing an independent (separate) balance sheet and a settlement (current) account, as well as parties to a joint operating agreement, who have been assigned responsibility for overall management of these operations.
7. The income tax is paid on dividends and income treated as dividends under the law; the tax rate is 15 percent.
8. The profit tax is paid on balance-sheet profit. Balance-sheet profit is defined as the total profit from sale of products, goods (work, services) and other assets (including fixed assets, commodity stocks, intangibles, and securities) and income from operations unrelated to sales, less the expenses of these operations. Profit from the sale of products and goods (work, services) is defined as the difference between total receipts and the costs of business and commercial activity. The tax rate is 30 percent. Enterprises with balance-sheet profit for the year not exceeding 5,000 MMW and having an average annual number of employees, as listed below, are taxed at a reduced rate of 15 percent: in industry—up to 200 people; in science and scientific services—up 100 people; in construction and other productive sectors—up to 50 people; in nonproductive sectors—up to 25 people.
9. The profit of enterprises, scientific associations, and other organizations of the agro industrial complex received from production, technical, transportation, and scientific services, material and technical support, and repair and manufacture of equipment, as well as profit received from rendering these services to enterprises and organizations of the agroindustrial complex, is taxed at a rate of 10 percent. The profit of construction, repair-and-construction, and other organizations of the agroindustrial complex received from construction and repair of productive facilities of the agroindustrial complex is taxed at a rate of 7 percent.
10. Fixed amounts of profit tax may be set for enterprises conducting types of activity determined by the Council of Ministers. Such activities currently include retail sale of goods through small retail outlets, stores (on the condition that the total trading space of stores belonging to a single owner does not exceed 25 square meters), public catering enterprises, and at markets, fairs, and sales exhibitions.
11. Tax concessions with reduced rates are defined legislatively. They include: (i) profits used for disaster recovery at Chernobyl in accordance with the republican program; (ii) profits used for environmental and fire protection, scientific research, experimental design, and experimental engineering; and (iii) other uses of profits in selected enterprises and sectors, as defined by law.
12. Profit-tax exemptions are granted to six categories of enterprises including: (i) enterprises employing certain percentage of disabled workers and retiree-age workers in their workforces; (ii) enterprises with foreign investments in which the share of foreign investment is more than 30 percent of the authorized capital; and (iii) other exemptions, as specified by law.
C. Value-Added Tax
13. Effective from January 1, 2000, the value-added tax (VAT) is paid by legal entities, including enterprises with foreign investments and foreign legal entities, and subsidiaries, representative offices, and other independent subdivisions of legal entities possessing a separate balance sheet and a settlement account, participating parties in joint ventures, enterprises and physical persons that engage in transit of goods via the territory of Belarus in accordance with the customs regulations of Belarus, and individual entrepreneurs if their turnover of goods and services exceeds 3,000 MMW in the last accounting period.
14. As of January 1, 2000, in accordance with the Law on changes and additions to the value added tax (Law No. 324-3), the authorities implemented the invoice method of calculating the VAT. Taxpayers’ VAT liability (T) is calculated as the product between the tax base (B) and the tax rate (t). The tax liability is determined as the difference between the total tax liability and any tax credits calculated for a given tax period. If the latter exceeds the former, the tax payer is not obliged to pay VAT and the difference is carried over without penalty and deducted from tax liability in the next period or refunded to the taxpayer.
15. In accordance with current legislation, VAT is not levied on the following categories of goods and services: (i) goods and services used by foreign diplomatic missions and associated representative offices and for personal use of their diplomatic and administrative personnel and their immediate family members living in the same households. This exemption takes the form of a tax return to diplomatic missions and representative offices; (ii) receipts of certain authorized organizations performing certain services (customs, all forms of licensing, registration, patents, fee collected by government agencies, including local governments and other authorized agencies), payments for the use of natural resources, tax earmarked for the environmental protection fund, forestry tax, other payments to the budget, budgetary and extrabudgetary funds; (iii) property of enterprises in the form of deposits in the statutory fund in certain proportions; (iv) value added on primary sale of government securities; and (v) budgetary revenues from privatization and rentals of government enterprises.
16. Value added tax is levied at the following rates:
Zero (0) percent on exports of goods; labor and services of transit, loading, shipment and transshipment and other similar labor and services directly related to the sale of exported goods; exports of construction goods, transport services, and services arising in the production of raw materials; and goods and services directly related to the transit via the territory of Belarus.
Ten (10) percent on value added of enterprises and individual entrepreneurs in farming (excluding flowers and decorative plants), animal breeding (excluding fur animals), fishery and honey bee production; enterprises producing goods for children according to a list determined by the Council of Ministers; producing enterprises using new and high technologies according to a list determined by the Ministry of Finance; household services; and imports of consumer goods for children according to a list determined by the Council of Ministers.
Twenty (20) percent on other goods and services not listed above. In addition, the law determined the rates of 9.09 and 16.67 percent, respectively, which are levied on goods and services subject to regulated prices (tariffs).
17. A number of goods and services are exempted, including medicine, medical equipment, tools and machines, medical and veterinary services (excluding cosmetic services), services for sick, handicapped and elderly, services for pre-school childcare, child education in local, music, and sport schools and facilities, education services, culture and arts services, financial and insurance services, communication and media services etc.
18. In accordance with current legislation, the VAT is levied on the basis of the destination principle in foreign trade relations with the following Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, and Azerbaijan and in trade with non-CIS countries. That is, the VAT is collected when goods are imported from CIS countries, while goods exported to CIS countries (except Russia, Turkmenistan, and Georgia) are not taxed. Belarus maintains country-of-origin principle with Russia, Turkmenistan and Georgia.
19. According to the Resolution No. 842 of the Council of Ministers of June 6, 2001 “On some particulars of payment to the budget of the value added tax,” the VAT is calculated by the taxpayer, and paid to the budget on due dates depending on the amount of the tax: (i) every five days when the amount of the tax for the preceding month was over 5,000 MMW; and (ii) every 10 days when the amount of the tax for the preceding month was from 3,000 to 5,000 MMW.
D. Excises
20. A new version of the Law of Belarus ‘On Excises’ went into effect on January 1, 1998, in an effort to harmonize the legislations of Belarus and Russia.
21. According to the law, uniform excise rates are effective throughout all of Belarus both for goods produced by payers of excises and for goods carried into the customs territory of Belarus and (or) sold in the customs territory of Belarus by payers of excises.
22. Excise rates on goods are established as an absolute amount per physical unit of measurement of excisable goods (firm, or specific, rates) or as percentages of the value of goods (ad valorem rates). Excise rates are set by the Council of Ministers in coordination with the President.
23. To permit unification of legislation of Belarus and Russia, excises on goods carried in from CIS countries are offset. Thus the amount of excises payable on excisable goods originating and carried in from CIS states is decreased by the amount of excises actually paid in the country of their origin. This provision is applied on the conditions of reciprocity by a procedure determined by the Council of Ministers.
24. The list of excisable goods may be redefined by the National Assembly at the request of the President.
25. As of June 2001, excise rates apply according to the schedule in the table below:
Belarus: Excise Rates (as of June 2001) 1/
Except for wine materials and cognac spirits.
Except for spirit-containing solutions with ethyl spirits share up to 12 percent.
Mini-buses include vehicles for carrying not more than 17 people (including a driver), as well as trucks with capacity of no more than 1.25 tons, including those re-equipped from mini-buses.
Belarus: Excise Rates (as of June 2001) 1/
| Excise Goods | Excise Rates | |
|---|---|---|
| Alcohol products(*) (except for liquor and vodka products with the ethyl spirits share up to 28 percent; cognacs, brandy, calvados; wines and wine drinks ethyl spirits share of which doesn’t exceed 20 percent; wines based on food concentrates and natural raw material, as well as alcohol drinks (ethyl sprits share not more than 7 percent); solutions containing spirits(**), except for those containing denatured additives, medicinal, preventive and diagnostic products, perfume and cosmetic products registered under the acting order. | 6 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished product. | |
| Cognac | 3 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirit contained in a finished product. | |
| Liquor and vodka products with up to 28 percent of ethyl spirits share. | 4.0 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished product. | |
| Brandy, calvados, and cognac drinks. | 1.7 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished product. | |
| Wines: | ||
| Vermouths and wines, except for natural, sparkling and fizzy wines and champagne. | 0.5 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished products. | |
| Natural grape and fruit wines, sparkling and fizzy wines | 0.06 euros per liter. | |
| Sparkling wines and champagne. | 0.7 euros per liter. | |
| Drinks: | ||
| Alcohol drinks with ethyl spirits content of up to 7 percent. | 0.9 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished product. | |
| Wine-type drinks based on food concentrates and natural materials (except for imported ones). | 1.5 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished product. | |
| Wine-type drinks with ethyl spirits content of up to 20 percent (made of fruit and grape) | 3 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished product. | |
| Beer. | 0.07 euros per liter. | |
| Spirits: | ||
| Ethyl spirits from food materials. | 1.8 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits. | |
| Raw spirits from food materials provided to Belarusian enterprises for further rectification. | 0 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits. | |
| Rectified spirits provided by Belarusian enterprises for alcohol production (fermented spirit-containing fruit-and-berry drinks, vinegars). | 0 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits. | |
| Hydrolytic spirits for technical purposes. | 0.1 euros per liter. | |
| Spirits-containing solutions (infusions, extracts, aromatic spirits), provided by Belarusian enterprises for nonalcoholic (soft) drink production. | 0 euros per liter. | |
| Tobaccos: | ||
| Pipe tobacco | 17.5 euros per kg. | |
| Smoking tobacco, except for one used as a raw material for tobacco products manufacturing. | 8.8 euros per kg. | |
| Cigars: | 0.5 euros per one cigar. | |
| Cigarillos | 3.5 euros per 1,000 cigarillos. | |
| Cigarettes with filter | 1.8 euros per 1,000 cigarettes | |
| Cigarettes without filter | 0.8 euros per 1,000 cigarettes. | |
| Cigarettes (with a cardboard holder). | 0.5 euros per 1,000 units. | |
| Jewelry (including those with diamonds). | 5 per cent. | |
| Mini-buses and cars including those re-equipped into trucks(***) (8702, 8703, and 8704 CIS nomenclature codes), except for cars used for prevention and rehabilitation purposes for disabled: | ||
| Having engine power up to 67.5 kwt (90 hp) | 0 euros per 0.75 kwt. | |
| Having engine power from 67.5 (90 hp) to 112.5 kwt (150 hp) | 0.4 euros per 0.75 kwt. | |
| Engine power of more than 112 kwt (150 hp) | 4 euros per 0.75 kwt. | |
| Crude oil except for crude oil imported to Belarus and produced in Belarus and delivered by “Belarusneftj” and “Belgeologiya” production amalgamations for refining. | 16.5 euros per ton. | |
| Gasoline: | ||
| Gasoline (except for Octane types AИ-91, A-92, AИ-93, AИ-95, A-96, A-98). | 80+15 euros per ton. | |
| AИ-91, A-92, AИ-93 type gasoline. | 100+20 euros per ton. | |
| AИ-95, A-96, A-98 type gasoline. | 115+20 euros per ton. | |
| Commodity diesel fuel. | 50+10 euro per ton. | |
Except for wine materials and cognac spirits.
Except for spirit-containing solutions with ethyl spirits share up to 12 percent.
Mini-buses include vehicles for carrying not more than 17 people (including a driver), as well as trucks with capacity of no more than 1.25 tons, including those re-equipped from mini-buses.
Belarus: Excise Rates (as of June 2001) 1/
| Excise Goods | Excise Rates | |
|---|---|---|
| Alcohol products(*) (except for liquor and vodka products with the ethyl spirits share up to 28 percent; cognacs, brandy, calvados; wines and wine drinks ethyl spirits share of which doesn’t exceed 20 percent; wines based on food concentrates and natural raw material, as well as alcohol drinks (ethyl sprits share not more than 7 percent); solutions containing spirits(**), except for those containing denatured additives, medicinal, preventive and diagnostic products, perfume and cosmetic products registered under the acting order. | 6 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished product. | |
| Cognac | 3 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirit contained in a finished product. | |
| Liquor and vodka products with up to 28 percent of ethyl spirits share. | 4.0 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished product. | |
| Brandy, calvados, and cognac drinks. | 1.7 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished product. | |
| Wines: | ||
| Vermouths and wines, except for natural, sparkling and fizzy wines and champagne. | 0.5 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished products. | |
| Natural grape and fruit wines, sparkling and fizzy wines | 0.06 euros per liter. | |
| Sparkling wines and champagne. | 0.7 euros per liter. | |
| Drinks: | ||
| Alcohol drinks with ethyl spirits content of up to 7 percent. | 0.9 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished product. | |
| Wine-type drinks based on food concentrates and natural materials (except for imported ones). | 1.5 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished product. | |
| Wine-type drinks with ethyl spirits content of up to 20 percent (made of fruit and grape) | 3 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits contained in a finished product. | |
| Beer. | 0.07 euros per liter. | |
| Spirits: | ||
| Ethyl spirits from food materials. | 1.8 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits. | |
| Raw spirits from food materials provided to Belarusian enterprises for further rectification. | 0 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits. | |
| Rectified spirits provided by Belarusian enterprises for alcohol production (fermented spirit-containing fruit-and-berry drinks, vinegars). | 0 euros per liter of 100 percent ethyl spirits. | |
| Hydrolytic spirits for technical purposes. | 0.1 euros per liter. | |
| Spirits-containing solutions (infusions, extracts, aromatic spirits), provided by Belarusian enterprises for nonalcoholic (soft) drink production. | 0 euros per liter. | |
| Tobaccos: | ||
| Pipe tobacco | 17.5 euros per kg. | |
| Smoking tobacco, except for one used as a raw material for tobacco products manufacturing. | 8.8 euros per kg. | |
| Cigars: | 0.5 euros per one cigar. | |
| Cigarillos | 3.5 euros per 1,000 cigarillos. | |
| Cigarettes with filter | 1.8 euros per 1,000 cigarettes | |
| Cigarettes without filter | 0.8 euros per 1,000 cigarettes. | |
| Cigarettes (with a cardboard holder). | 0.5 euros per 1,000 units. | |
| Jewelry (including those with diamonds). | 5 per cent. | |
| Mini-buses and cars including those re-equipped into trucks(***) (8702, 8703, and 8704 CIS nomenclature codes), except for cars used for prevention and rehabilitation purposes for disabled: | ||
| Having engine power up to 67.5 kwt (90 hp) | 0 euros per 0.75 kwt. | |
| Having engine power from 67.5 (90 hp) to 112.5 kwt (150 hp) | 0.4 euros per 0.75 kwt. | |
| Engine power of more than 112 kwt (150 hp) | 4 euros per 0.75 kwt. | |
| Crude oil except for crude oil imported to Belarus and produced in Belarus and delivered by “Belarusneftj” and “Belgeologiya” production amalgamations for refining. | 16.5 euros per ton. | |
| Gasoline: | ||
| Gasoline (except for Octane types AИ-91, A-92, AИ-93, AИ-95, A-96, A-98). | 80+15 euros per ton. | |
| AИ-91, A-92, AИ-93 type gasoline. | 100+20 euros per ton. | |
| AИ-95, A-96, A-98 type gasoline. | 115+20 euros per ton. | |
| Commodity diesel fuel. | 50+10 euro per ton. | |
Except for wine materials and cognac spirits.
Except for spirit-containing solutions with ethyl spirits share up to 12 percent.
Mini-buses include vehicles for carrying not more than 17 people (including a driver), as well as trucks with capacity of no more than 1.25 tons, including those re-equipped from mini-buses.
E. Import Duties
26. In accordance with the Agreement on the Customs Union, customs borders were abolished between Belarus and Russia, and customs rates were changed so as to be similar. Import duty rates were revised in December 1997 and May 1998. Customs duty rates effective in Belarus and Russia are now almost completely the same.
27. Import duty rates set by government Resolution No. 72 of February 10, 1997 (revised and amended) apply to countries that have been granted most-favored-nation treatment by Belarus. Articles entering from and originating in developing countries enjoying preferential treatment are subject to import duties amounting to 75 percent of those set by the Resolution (for 104 countries), while articles entering from and originating in least developed countries enjoying preferential treatment by Belarus are not subject to customs duties (for 47 least developed countries). For articles originating in all other countries, or articles for which the country of origin is not established, the customs duty rates are doubled.
28. When articles entering Belarus under the conditions of free circulation are declared, import duties are paid before or at the moment of customs clearance of such articles.
F. Real Estate Tax6
29. Real estate tax is paid by legal entities, including enterprises with foreign investments and foreign legal entities, as well as the subsidiaries, representative offices, and other structural subdivisions of legal entities possessing an independent (separate) balance sheet and a settlement (current) account, and also by participants in joint ventures that generated gross revenues from such activities, and by individuals. The tax levied on the value of productive and nonproductive fixed assets owned or possessed by the taxpayers, on the value of unfinished construction projects, and on the value of buildings belonging to individuals. The annual real estate tax rate is set at 1 percent for legal entities. The annual real estate tax applied to the value of residential buildings, garden sheds, and garages belonging to individuals, of buildings belonging to garage construction cooperatives and gardening partnerships established with private contributions from citizens, and of buildings used by unincorporated by entrepreneurs for their own activities is set at 0.1 percent.
30. Tax exemptions are granted to 17 types of assets including social and cultural facilities, productive assets of organizations belonging to societies for the disabled, facilities used for environmental protection, privatized apartments in apartment houses, dwellings and buildings belonging to old-age pensioners and certain categories of disabled persons etc.
31. Since January 1, 1997, the real estate tax has been transferred in its entirety to budgets of the oblasts and the city of Minsk. Local Soviets of deputies have the right to grant concessions, and to set and change the due dates for the payment.
G. Land Tax
32. The tax is levied on land plots, possessed, used, or owned. The tax is paid by legal entities and individuals (including foreign ones) to whom land plots are granted for possession, use, or ownership.
33. The amount of land tax is determined depending on the quality and location of the land plot, and it does not depend on the results of the business or other activity of the landholder, the land user, or the landowner. The tax on land zoned for agricultural use is determined from data of the land cadastre. The tax is established in the form of annual fixed payments per hectare of land area.
34. Certain categories of citizens are exempt (including war veterans, old-age pensioners, disabled persons, and citizens who suffered from the disaster at the Chernobyl Nuclear power station).
35. Pursuant to articles 8 Law of Belarus “On the Budget of the Republic of Belarus for 2001,” in 2001, land charges are credited in their entirety to the budgets of the oblasts and the city of Minsk.
36. In 2001, in accordance with Article 8 Law of Belarus “On the Budget of the Republic of Belarus for 2001,” local governments have the right to increase (decrease) rates, grant concessions, and set and change the land tax payment due dates.
37. Land tax on plots of land for temporary use, plots of land not returned on time, and illegally occupied land, as well as land plots exceeding the space norms established and in effect since January 2001 is levied at the rate 10 times higher than the standard rate.
H. Tax on the Use of Natural Resources
38. The tax is paid by legal entities, including enterprises with foreign investments and foreign legal entities, their subsidiaries, representative offices, and other structural subdivisions of entities with separate (individual) balance sheet and settlement (current) account, partners in a joint-venture agreement who are authorized to conduct joint business or who received a gain from said venture prior to its allocation, and individual entrepreneurs.
39. The tax on natural resources is levied on: (i) the volume of resources extracted from the environment; (ii) the volume of refined oil and petroleum products; and (iii) the volume of discharges (releases) of pollutants into the environment.
40. The tax consists of payments for exploitation of natural resources and for discharges of pollutants into the environment within set limits, for excessive exploitation of natural resources and for discharges of pollutants into the environment beyond approved limits, and for refining of oil and petroleum products.
41. The rates of the tax on the extraction of natural resources and on discharge of pollutants into the environment are set by the Council of Ministers of Belarus. For the refinement of 1 ton of oil product, the tax is levied at the rate of 1 euro. A tax of 15 times the base rate is levied for discharges of pollutants into the environment above the established limits. A tax of 10 times the base rate is levied for exceeding the established volumes of the extraction of natural resources.
42. Legal entities funded by the budget of Belarus are tax exempt. The tax is collected at preferential rates: (i) for water released for the commercial, drinking, and fire-fighting water supply of the public, and employees of enterprises, institutions, and organizations; (ii) for a sand and gravel-sand mixture for use in road construction; and (iii) for water used by fish breeding facilities and reservoirs, released to legal entities and individuals for the production of livestock-breeding and agricultural production.
43. Since January 1, 1997, the tax on use of natural resources has been transferred in its entirety to the budgets of oblasts and the city of Minsk. Local Soviets of deputies have the right to increase (decrease) rates, grant concessions, and set and change payment due dates of this tax as established by the Law of Belarus “On the Tax for the Use of Natural Resources (the Ecological Tax).”
I. Contributions to Social Security
44. Contributions to the Social Protection Fund of the Ministry of Social Protection of Belarus are made by legal entities and individuals.
45. The following mandatory payments of social security contributions from the wage bill were established for employers and for cooperatives, enterprises, and companies under a collective form of ownership paying mandatory contributions on behalf of employees working under a labor contract:
for public associations of disabled persons and pensioners, and for enterprises holding full title to such public associations—4.7 percent; for residential, housing construction, and garage construction cooperatives not deriving income from their activity, and from gardening partnerships—5 percent;
for the bar association—5 percent;
for employers for whom disabled persons account for not less than 50 percent of the average listed number of employees—20.4 percent;
for economic agents engaging predominantly in agricultural production—30 percent; and
for all other employers (including with foreign investments and for citizens of Belarus)—35 percent.
46. Mandatory contributions are set in the following amounts for individuals and legal entities:
for entrepreneurs—15 percent of income;
for members of peasant (owner-operated) farms—15 percent of income;
for creative workers—15 percent of income;
for enterprises with foreign investments (for foreign citizens)—5 percent of the wages of foreign citizens; and
an insurance premium amounting to 1 percent of earnings is set for working citizens.
J. Payroll Contributions to the Chernobyl Fund
47. The emergency tax for recovery from the Chernobyl accident has been collected since 1991. The tax is of a temporary nature and is established by laws of Belarus on the budget for each calendar year. Since 1992, the base for the tax has been the payroll fund. In the Law on the Budget of Belarus for 2001, the emergency tax and mandatory contributions to the Employment fund were unified into a single tax at the rate of 5 percent of the wage bills with a single schedule of exemptions.
48. The taxpayers of the emergency tax are all legal entities, including foreign ones, their subsidiaries, representative offices, branch offices, and other structural subdivisions possessing a separate (individual) balance sheet and settlement (current) and other accounts, and partners in joint ventures agreements who are authorized to conduct joint business or who received a gain from said venture prior to its allocation, regardless of form of ownership, carrying out business activity.
49. Eight categories of enterprises and organizations are fully exempt (and three groups of organizations are partially exempt) from the payment of the emergency tax and mandatory contributions to the State Employment Fund. These include enterprises and organizations of certain categories of disabled citizens, collective farms, state farms, peasant (owner-operated) farms, interfarm enterprises and organizations, agricultural cooperatives, general-education schools, social and cultural enterprises and institutions, etc.
K. The Road Fund
50. The following are earmarked for the road fund:
the tax on the acquisition of motor vehicles, which are subject to mandatory registration;
user fees for motor highways;
deductions from profits from the operation of motor vehicles;
travel charges for heavy and oversized transportation vehicles on public-use highways;
tolls collected on the M1/E30 highway Brest—Minsk—border of the Russian Federation; and
unrequited capital receipts.
51. In accordance with the Article 23 of the Law on the Budget of Belarus for 2001, legal entities and their affiliations and subdivisions that have separate balance sheets, current accounts or an account abroad, participants in joint ventures that realized gross revenues from their operations are obliged to pay a single tax for the agricultural support fund and the road fund at the rate of 2 percent of sales of goods, labor and services (in the case of banks, non-bank financial organizations, excluding the National Bank of Belarus, this tax is on income net of expenditures on interests and fees and other banking expenses; in the case of trading, catering and service companies, the tax is paid on gross income, while insurance and reinsurance companies pay this tax on balance sheet profits). Each of the two funds receives 50 percent of collected revenues from this single tax.
52. Fees on income from operating motor transportation are paid by motor transportation enterprises and organizations regardless of form of ownership and business conditions, and by enterprises and organizations (except agricultural enterprises) possessing automotive departments and lease motor vehicles, in an amount of 2 percent of income from operating motor vehicle transportation.
53. The fee on owners of light motor transportation resources and private owners of trucks was introduced in 1997 in accordance with the law “On the Budget of Belarus for 1997 and for 1998 in accordance with the Law on the Budget of Belarus for 1998.”
L. Fund for the Support of Agricultural Producers
54. The Republican Extrabudgetary Fund for Support of Agricultural and Food Producers has been in operation since 1995. Since 1998, the fund has been a state earmarked budgetary fund. The income of the fund is formed by deductions made by all legal entities of Belarus and their structural subdivisions, regardless of the form of ownership, that have distinct (separate) balance sheets, settlement (current) accounts and other accounts, and certain parties to joint venture contracts in the amount of one percent of the proceeds from sales of products, work, and services. Budgetary appropriations for the payment of subsidies and price differentials are not taken into account when the amount of deductions to the above fund is determined. As mentioned above in the section on the road fund, the 2001 Law on the budget merged taxes for the road fund and the agricultural support fund into a single tax at the rate of 2 percent.
55. Several groups of organizations are exempt from paying the single tax earmarked for the road fund and agricultural support fund. These include budgetary organizations, housing organizations, and enterprises engaging in construction, repairs, and maintenance of public-use highways.
M. Earmarked Budgetary Funds of Local Governments Used to Fund the Expenses of Maintaining Departmental Housing
56. On January 1, 1998, earmarked budgetary funds were created by local Soviets of peoples’ deputies to fund the expenses of maintaining public housing. As of January 1, 2001, according to the Law on the budget (Article 11), the tax earmarked for this purpose was unified with fees for earmarked budgetary funds of local governments for the stabilization of agricultural production, as well as the fees for the maintenance and repair of the housing fund. The unified tax was levied on all legal entities of Belarus and their structural subdivisions, regardless of forms of ownership, possessing an independent (separate) balance sheet and a settlement (current) account, and engaging in business. The tax was levied at the single rate of 2.5 percent of the sale of products, work, and services.
57. Collections from this fund are distributed as follows:
40 percent to the earmarked local funds for the stabilization of agricultural production;
20 percent to the earmarked local housing-investment funds; and
20 percent earmarked fee for maintenance and repair of public housing.
58. Exemptions and preferences on this tax are analogous to the aforementioned single tax earmarked for Republican budget funds—the road fund and the agricultural support fund—levied at the rate of 2 percent on sales of goods, labor and services.
59. In accordance with the Decree No. 19 of the President of the Republic from July 19 to December 31, 2001, foreign legal entities carrying our entrepreneurial activity on the territory of Belarus are also subject to the taxes earmarked for the republican road fund and agriculture support fund, and local earmarked tax for local housing investment funds, maintenance and repair of public housing and local funds for stabilization of agricultural production.
N. Other Funds
60. Enterprises also finance scientific research and industrial development by paying a tax on costs to branch ministries. This tax was fixed at 3 percent of the turnover by the Ministry of Industry.
Belarus: Gross Domestic Product by Sector, 1997-2001 (Q2) 1/
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Gross Domestic Product by Sector, 1997-2001 (Q2) 1/
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||
| (In millions of rubels) | |||||||
| GDP at market prices | 366,830 | 702,161 | 3,026,064 | 9,125,600 | 3,134,200 | 3,893,900 | |
| GDP at factor cost | 320,076 | 610,524 | 2,624,809 | 7,818,900 | 2,703,600 | 3,350,200 | |
| Industry | 109,825 | 203,709 | 836,333 | 2,354,900 | 1,028,800 | 1,140,700 | |
| Agriculture and forestry | 49,221 | 84,693 | 384,327 | 1,197,500 | 103,300 | 218,100 | |
| Construction | 20,275 | 40,922 | 175,734 | 516,300 | 148,300 | 236,800 | |
| Transportion/communications | 39,261 | 69,474 | 345,885 | 1,078,100 | 402,400 | 466,600 | |
| Trade and catering | 26,401 | 66,148 | 289,679 | 844,100 | 290,900 | 354,700 | |
| Material supply and procurement | 5,422 | 10,423 | 48,447 | 143,800 | 38,100 | 52,000 | |
| Housing and public utilities | 19,976 | 37,984 | 127,758 | 427,000 | 195,000 | 172,500 | |
| Health care | 11,523 | 21,678 | 93,608 | 294,400 | 104,600 | 149,400 | |
| Education, culture, and science | 18,840 | 37,642 | 165,663 | 474,700 | 192,500 | 273,400 | |
| Other | 19,332 | 37,851 | 157,375 | 488,100 | 199,700 | 286,000 | |
| (In percent of nominal GDP at factor cost) | |||||||
| Industry | 34.3 | 33.4 | 31.9 | 30.1 | 38.1 | 34.0 | |
| Agriculture and forestry | 15.4 | 13.9 | 14.6 | 15.3 | 3.8 | 6.5 | |
| Construction | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 7.1 | |
| Transportion/communications | 12.3 | 11.4 | 13.2 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 13.9 | |
| Trade and catering | 8.3 | 10.8 | 11.0 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.6 | |
| Material supply and procurement | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 | |
| Housing and public utilities | 6.2 | 6.2 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 7.2 | 5.2 | |
| Health care | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.5 | |
| Education, culture and science | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 8.2 | |
| Other | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 8.5 | |
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Gross Domestic Product by Sector, 1997-2001 (Q2) 1/
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||
| (In millions of rubels) | |||||||
| GDP at market prices | 366,830 | 702,161 | 3,026,064 | 9,125,600 | 3,134,200 | 3,893,900 | |
| GDP at factor cost | 320,076 | 610,524 | 2,624,809 | 7,818,900 | 2,703,600 | 3,350,200 | |
| Industry | 109,825 | 203,709 | 836,333 | 2,354,900 | 1,028,800 | 1,140,700 | |
| Agriculture and forestry | 49,221 | 84,693 | 384,327 | 1,197,500 | 103,300 | 218,100 | |
| Construction | 20,275 | 40,922 | 175,734 | 516,300 | 148,300 | 236,800 | |
| Transportion/communications | 39,261 | 69,474 | 345,885 | 1,078,100 | 402,400 | 466,600 | |
| Trade and catering | 26,401 | 66,148 | 289,679 | 844,100 | 290,900 | 354,700 | |
| Material supply and procurement | 5,422 | 10,423 | 48,447 | 143,800 | 38,100 | 52,000 | |
| Housing and public utilities | 19,976 | 37,984 | 127,758 | 427,000 | 195,000 | 172,500 | |
| Health care | 11,523 | 21,678 | 93,608 | 294,400 | 104,600 | 149,400 | |
| Education, culture, and science | 18,840 | 37,642 | 165,663 | 474,700 | 192,500 | 273,400 | |
| Other | 19,332 | 37,851 | 157,375 | 488,100 | 199,700 | 286,000 | |
| (In percent of nominal GDP at factor cost) | |||||||
| Industry | 34.3 | 33.4 | 31.9 | 30.1 | 38.1 | 34.0 | |
| Agriculture and forestry | 15.4 | 13.9 | 14.6 | 15.3 | 3.8 | 6.5 | |
| Construction | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 7.1 | |
| Transportion/communications | 12.3 | 11.4 | 13.2 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 13.9 | |
| Trade and catering | 8.3 | 10.8 | 11.0 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.6 | |
| Material supply and procurement | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 | |
| Housing and public utilities | 6.2 | 6.2 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 7.2 | 5.2 | |
| Health care | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.5 | |
| Education, culture and science | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 8.2 | |
| Other | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 8.5 | |
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure, 1997-2001 (Q2)
(At current prices)
Includes residential investment.
Provisional data, not fully consistent with recently revised balance of payments data (Table 43).
Belarus: Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure, 1997-2001 (Q2)
(At current prices)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | |||||||
| (In millions of rubels) | ||||||||
| GDP at market prices | 366,830 | 702,161 | 3,026,064 | 9,125,600 | 3,134,200 | 3,893,900 | ||
| Consumption of goods and services | 283,860 | 545,659 | 2,364,776 | 6,982,800 | 2,437,600 | 3,026,800 | ||
| Household consumption | 200,146 | 389,247 | 1,714,506 | 5,013,700 | 1,688,500 | 2,147,500 | ||
| Public consumption | 83,714 | 156,412 | 650,270 | 1,969,100 | 749,100 | 879300 | ||
| General government | 74,547 | 139,482 | 590,193 | 1,780,200 | 667,400 | 806,600 | ||
| Public organizations | 9,167 | 16,930 | 60,078 | 188,900 | 81,700 | 72,700 | ||
| Gross capital formation | 98,446 | 187,561 | 717,382 | 2,079,600 | 526,400 | 845,700 | ||
| Gross fixed capital formation 1/ | 92,555 | 182,103 | 796,671 | 2,067,400 | 528,400 | 808,200 | ||
| Changes in inventories | 5,891 | 5,458 | -79,289 | 12,200 | -2,000 | 37,500 | ||
| Trade balance 2/ | -21,263 | -34,093 | -73,485 | -140,000 | 236,200 | -25,900 | ||
| Statistical discrepancy | 5,788 | 3,034 | 17,391 | 203,200 | -66,000 | 47,300 | ||
| (In percent of nominal GDP at market prices) | ||||||||
| Consumption of goods and services | 77.4 | 77.7 | 78.1 | 76.5 | 77.8 | 77.7 | ||
| Household consumption | 54.6 | 55.4 | 56.6 | 54.9 | 53.9 | 55.1 | ||
| Public consumption | 22.8 | 22.3 | 21.5 | 21.6 | 23.9 | 22.6 | ||
| General government | 20.3 | 19.9 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 21.3 | 20.7 | ||
| Public organizations | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1.9 | ||
| Gross capital formation | 26.8 | 26.7 | 23.7 | 22.8 | 16.8 | 21.7 | ||
| Gross fixed capital formation 1/ | 25.2 | 25.9 | 26.3 | 22.7 | 16.9 | 20.7 | ||
| Changes in inventories | 1.6 | 0.8 | -2.6 | 0.1 | -0.1 | 1.0 | ||
| Trade balance 2/ | -5.8 | -4.8 | -2.4 | -1.5 | 7.5 | -0.6 | ||
| Statistical discrepancy | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 2.2 | -2.1 | 1.2 | ||
Includes residential investment.
Provisional data, not fully consistent with recently revised balance of payments data (Table 43).
Belarus: Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure, 1997-2001 (Q2)
(At current prices)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | |||||||
| (In millions of rubels) | ||||||||
| GDP at market prices | 366,830 | 702,161 | 3,026,064 | 9,125,600 | 3,134,200 | 3,893,900 | ||
| Consumption of goods and services | 283,860 | 545,659 | 2,364,776 | 6,982,800 | 2,437,600 | 3,026,800 | ||
| Household consumption | 200,146 | 389,247 | 1,714,506 | 5,013,700 | 1,688,500 | 2,147,500 | ||
| Public consumption | 83,714 | 156,412 | 650,270 | 1,969,100 | 749,100 | 879300 | ||
| General government | 74,547 | 139,482 | 590,193 | 1,780,200 | 667,400 | 806,600 | ||
| Public organizations | 9,167 | 16,930 | 60,078 | 188,900 | 81,700 | 72,700 | ||
| Gross capital formation | 98,446 | 187,561 | 717,382 | 2,079,600 | 526,400 | 845,700 | ||
| Gross fixed capital formation 1/ | 92,555 | 182,103 | 796,671 | 2,067,400 | 528,400 | 808,200 | ||
| Changes in inventories | 5,891 | 5,458 | -79,289 | 12,200 | -2,000 | 37,500 | ||
| Trade balance 2/ | -21,263 | -34,093 | -73,485 | -140,000 | 236,200 | -25,900 | ||
| Statistical discrepancy | 5,788 | 3,034 | 17,391 | 203,200 | -66,000 | 47,300 | ||
| (In percent of nominal GDP at market prices) | ||||||||
| Consumption of goods and services | 77.4 | 77.7 | 78.1 | 76.5 | 77.8 | 77.7 | ||
| Household consumption | 54.6 | 55.4 | 56.6 | 54.9 | 53.9 | 55.1 | ||
| Public consumption | 22.8 | 22.3 | 21.5 | 21.6 | 23.9 | 22.6 | ||
| General government | 20.3 | 19.9 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 21.3 | 20.7 | ||
| Public organizations | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1.9 | ||
| Gross capital formation | 26.8 | 26.7 | 23.7 | 22.8 | 16.8 | 21.7 | ||
| Gross fixed capital formation 1/ | 25.2 | 25.9 | 26.3 | 22.7 | 16.9 | 20.7 | ||
| Changes in inventories | 1.6 | 0.8 | -2.6 | 0.1 | -0.1 | 1.0 | ||
| Trade balance 2/ | -5.8 | -4.8 | -2.4 | -1.5 | 7.5 | -0.6 | ||
| Statistical discrepancy | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 2.2 | -2.1 | 1.2 | ||
Includes residential investment.
Provisional data, not fully consistent with recently revised balance of payments data (Table 43).
Belarus: Growth of Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure, 1997-2001 (Q2)
(At comparable prices) 1/
The use of comparable prices denotes the comparison of output of the current period with output for the previous period based on prices for the previous period.
Includes residential investment.
Provisional data, not fully consistent with recently revised balance of payments data (Table 43).
Belarus: Growth of Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure, 1997-2001 (Q2)
(At comparable prices) 1/
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | |||||||
| (Percentage change) | ||||||||
| Gross domestic product | 11.4 | 8.4 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 2.2 | 4.8 | ||
| Total consumption of goods and services | 10.0 | 11.8 | 8.4 | 7.7 | 5.5 | 12.5 | ||
| Household consumption | 11.4 | 14.1 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 15.9 | ||
| Public consumption | 6.8 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 6.8 | 0.5 | 4.0 | ||
| General government | 7.1 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 0.5 | 4.1 | ||
| Consumption of public organizations | 4.5 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 1.1 | 2.3 | ||
| Gross capital formation | 15.9 | 6.9 | -16.0 | 5.5 | 7.4 | -5.0 | ||
| Gross fixed capital formation 2/ | 21.7 | 10.1 | -4.0 | -5.6 | -4.0 | -2.3 | ||
| Changes in inventories | -5.8 | -3.2 | -12.0 | 11.1 | 11.4 | -2.7 | ||
| Balance of exports and imports 3/ | 212.2 | 51.9 | 143.4 | … | … | … | ||
| (Contribution to growth) | ||||||||
| Total consumption of goods and services | 7.7 | 9.2 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 9.7 | ||
| Household consumption | 6.2 | 7.8 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 8.8 | ||
| Public consumption | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.9 | ||
| General government | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0.8 | ||
| Consumption of public organizations | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Gross capital formation | 4.3 | 1.8 | -3.8 | 1.3 | 1.2 | -0.5 | ||
| Gross fixed capital formation 2/ | 5.5 | 2.6 | -1.1 | -1.3 | -0.7 | -0.6 | ||
| Balance of exports and imports 3/ | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.02 | … | … | … | ||
The use of comparable prices denotes the comparison of output of the current period with output for the previous period based on prices for the previous period.
Includes residential investment.
Provisional data, not fully consistent with recently revised balance of payments data (Table 43).
Belarus: Growth of Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure, 1997-2001 (Q2)
(At comparable prices) 1/
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | |||||||
| (Percentage change) | ||||||||
| Gross domestic product | 11.4 | 8.4 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 2.2 | 4.8 | ||
| Total consumption of goods and services | 10.0 | 11.8 | 8.4 | 7.7 | 5.5 | 12.5 | ||
| Household consumption | 11.4 | 14.1 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 15.9 | ||
| Public consumption | 6.8 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 6.8 | 0.5 | 4.0 | ||
| General government | 7.1 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 0.5 | 4.1 | ||
| Consumption of public organizations | 4.5 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 1.1 | 2.3 | ||
| Gross capital formation | 15.9 | 6.9 | -16.0 | 5.5 | 7.4 | -5.0 | ||
| Gross fixed capital formation 2/ | 21.7 | 10.1 | -4.0 | -5.6 | -4.0 | -2.3 | ||
| Changes in inventories | -5.8 | -3.2 | -12.0 | 11.1 | 11.4 | -2.7 | ||
| Balance of exports and imports 3/ | 212.2 | 51.9 | 143.4 | … | … | … | ||
| (Contribution to growth) | ||||||||
| Total consumption of goods and services | 7.7 | 9.2 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 9.7 | ||
| Household consumption | 6.2 | 7.8 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 8.8 | ||
| Public consumption | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.9 | ||
| General government | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0.8 | ||
| Consumption of public organizations | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Gross capital formation | 4.3 | 1.8 | -3.8 | 1.3 | 1.2 | -0.5 | ||
| Gross fixed capital formation 2/ | 5.5 | 2.6 | -1.1 | -1.3 | -0.7 | -0.6 | ||
| Balance of exports and imports 3/ | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.02 | … | … | … | ||
The use of comparable prices denotes the comparison of output of the current period with output for the previous period based on prices for the previous period.
Includes residential investment.
Provisional data, not fully consistent with recently revised balance of payments data (Table 43).
Belarus: Growth of Gross Domestic Product by Sector, 1995-2001 (Q2)
(At comparable prices) 1/
The use of comparable prices denotes the comparison of output of the current period with output for the previous period based on prices for the previous period.
Belarus: Growth of Gross Domestic Product by Sector, 1995-2001 (Q2)
(At comparable prices) 1/
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| (Percentage change) | |||||||||
| GDP at market prices | -10.4 | 2.8 | 11.4 | 8.4 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 2.2 | 4.8 | |
| Industry | -10.3 | 4.7 | 17.7 | 10.6 | 8.8 | 7.3 | 1.1 | 5.6 | |
| Agriculture | -2.4 | 1.5 | -5.4 | -1.7 | -7.0 | 8.5 | 3.3 | 8.2 | |
| Forestry | -5.1 | 2.1 | -9.4 | 13.9 | -17.9 | 3.7 | 11.2 | -8.2 | |
| Construction | -33.2 | -7.6 | 21.4 | 13.8 | -2.4 | -5.3 | -2.8 | -8.3 | |
| Transport | -9.4 | -2.1 | 5.3 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.0 | -6.3 | -1.2 | |
| Communications | -13.3 | -1.0 | 13.6 | 4.6 | 6.3 | 9.4 | 7.8 | 6.2 | |
| Trade and catering | -24.0 | 21.2 | 18.4 | 26.2 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 18.6 | 20.9 | |
| Material supply | -19.5 | -7.2 | 8.9 | 12.8 | 0.4 | 5.0 | -2.3 | 3.1 | |
| Procurement | -22.7 | -1.3 | 4.3 | -0.3 | -11.4 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 8.9 | |
| Housing | 1.5 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
| Public utilities | -5.6 | -3.7 | -1.3 | -2.3 | 0.9 | -1.5 | -2.3 | -2.7 | |
| Health care | -0.6 | 1.8 | 15.3 | 7.2 | 9.7 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 6.9 | |
| Education | -1.5 | 2.8 | 14.7 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 3.2 | 2.8 | |
| Culture and science | -9.2 | 1.8 | -3.5 | 3.0 | 5.9 | -1.3 | 1.2 | 2.1 | |
| Banks and insurance | 17.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 3.1 | |
| Public administration and defense | -2.9 | -3.4 | 8.6 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 9.0 | 0.5 | 1.6 | |
| (Contribution to growth) | |||||||||
| Industry | -3.1 | 1.5 | 6.1 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 1.9 | |
| Agriculture | -0.4 | 0.2 | -0.8 | -0.2 | -1.0 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | |
| Construction | -2.0 | -0.4 | 1.3 | 0.9 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.6 | |
| Transport | -1.1 | -0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -0.8 | -0.1 | |
| Trade and catering | -2.0 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 2.2 | |
The use of comparable prices denotes the comparison of output of the current period with output for the previous period based on prices for the previous period.
Belarus: Growth of Gross Domestic Product by Sector, 1995-2001 (Q2)
(At comparable prices) 1/
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| (Percentage change) | |||||||||
| GDP at market prices | -10.4 | 2.8 | 11.4 | 8.4 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 2.2 | 4.8 | |
| Industry | -10.3 | 4.7 | 17.7 | 10.6 | 8.8 | 7.3 | 1.1 | 5.6 | |
| Agriculture | -2.4 | 1.5 | -5.4 | -1.7 | -7.0 | 8.5 | 3.3 | 8.2 | |
| Forestry | -5.1 | 2.1 | -9.4 | 13.9 | -17.9 | 3.7 | 11.2 | -8.2 | |
| Construction | -33.2 | -7.6 | 21.4 | 13.8 | -2.4 | -5.3 | -2.8 | -8.3 | |
| Transport | -9.4 | -2.1 | 5.3 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.0 | -6.3 | -1.2 | |
| Communications | -13.3 | -1.0 | 13.6 | 4.6 | 6.3 | 9.4 | 7.8 | 6.2 | |
| Trade and catering | -24.0 | 21.2 | 18.4 | 26.2 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 18.6 | 20.9 | |
| Material supply | -19.5 | -7.2 | 8.9 | 12.8 | 0.4 | 5.0 | -2.3 | 3.1 | |
| Procurement | -22.7 | -1.3 | 4.3 | -0.3 | -11.4 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 8.9 | |
| Housing | 1.5 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
| Public utilities | -5.6 | -3.7 | -1.3 | -2.3 | 0.9 | -1.5 | -2.3 | -2.7 | |
| Health care | -0.6 | 1.8 | 15.3 | 7.2 | 9.7 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 6.9 | |
| Education | -1.5 | 2.8 | 14.7 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 3.2 | 2.8 | |
| Culture and science | -9.2 | 1.8 | -3.5 | 3.0 | 5.9 | -1.3 | 1.2 | 2.1 | |
| Banks and insurance | 17.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 3.1 | |
| Public administration and defense | -2.9 | -3.4 | 8.6 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 9.0 | 0.5 | 1.6 | |
| (Contribution to growth) | |||||||||
| Industry | -3.1 | 1.5 | 6.1 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 1.9 | |
| Agriculture | -0.4 | 0.2 | -0.8 | -0.2 | -1.0 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | |
| Construction | -2.0 | -0.4 | 1.3 | 0.9 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.6 | |
| Transport | -1.1 | -0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -0.8 | -0.1 | |
| Trade and catering | -2.0 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 2.2 | |
The use of comparable prices denotes the comparison of output of the current period with output for the previous period based on prices for the previous period.
Belarus: Capital Investment by Sector, 1995-2000 1/
(In comparable prices)
Some figures may be inconsistent with the national accounts tables, as the data are based on surveys of industrial projects by branches of the economy.
According to national accounts data.
Belarus: Capital Investment by Sector, 1995-2000 1/
(In comparable prices)
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Index, 1990=100) | |||||||||
| Total | 39.2 | 37.3 | 44.6 | 55.6 | 51.2 | 52.2 | |||
| Industry | 47.7 | 47.7 | 56.6 | 79.7 | 58.4 | 64.8 | |||
| Agriculture | 11.6 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 13.2 | 11.3 | 12.2 | |||
| Transport and communication | 85.1 | 99.6 | 108.6 | 98.9 | 107.8 | 95.1 | |||
| Construction | 21.6 | 14.6 | 17.9 | 25.6 | 30.1 | 22.9 | |||
| Residential construction | 40.0 | 38.1 | 54.0 | 68.3 | 66.9 | 69.4 | |||
| Other | 56.4 | 45.6 | 53.3 | 65.2 | 70.0 | 69.5 | |||
| (Share of total) | |||||||||
| Industry | 29.7 | 31.2 | 30.9 | 35.0 | 27.8 | 30.2 | |||
| Agriculture | 8.5 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 6.8 | |||
| Transport and communication | 16.0 | 19.7 | 17.9 | 12.9 | 15.5 | 13.4 | |||
| Construction | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.4 | |||
| Residential construction | 20.0 | 20.1 | 23.7 | 23.3 | 25.7 | 26.1 | |||
| Other | 24.1 | 20.3 | 19.8 | 20.3 | 22.7 | 22.1 | |||
| Of which | |||||||||
| Trade and catering | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 2.6 | |||
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| Real gross investment (Index, 1990=100) 2/ | 45.6 | 48.9 | 56.7 | 60.6 | 50.9 | 53.7 | |||
| Gross investment (in percent of GDP) 2/ | 24.8 | 23.5 | 26.8 | 26.8 | 23.8 | 22.8 | |||
Some figures may be inconsistent with the national accounts tables, as the data are based on surveys of industrial projects by branches of the economy.
According to national accounts data.
Belarus: Capital Investment by Sector, 1995-2000 1/
(In comparable prices)
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Index, 1990=100) | |||||||||
| Total | 39.2 | 37.3 | 44.6 | 55.6 | 51.2 | 52.2 | |||
| Industry | 47.7 | 47.7 | 56.6 | 79.7 | 58.4 | 64.8 | |||
| Agriculture | 11.6 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 13.2 | 11.3 | 12.2 | |||
| Transport and communication | 85.1 | 99.6 | 108.6 | 98.9 | 107.8 | 95.1 | |||
| Construction | 21.6 | 14.6 | 17.9 | 25.6 | 30.1 | 22.9 | |||
| Residential construction | 40.0 | 38.1 | 54.0 | 68.3 | 66.9 | 69.4 | |||
| Other | 56.4 | 45.6 | 53.3 | 65.2 | 70.0 | 69.5 | |||
| (Share of total) | |||||||||
| Industry | 29.7 | 31.2 | 30.9 | 35.0 | 27.8 | 30.2 | |||
| Agriculture | 8.5 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 6.8 | |||
| Transport and communication | 16.0 | 19.7 | 17.9 | 12.9 | 15.5 | 13.4 | |||
| Construction | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.4 | |||
| Residential construction | 20.0 | 20.1 | 23.7 | 23.3 | 25.7 | 26.1 | |||
| Other | 24.1 | 20.3 | 19.8 | 20.3 | 22.7 | 22.1 | |||
| Of which | |||||||||
| Trade and catering | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 2.6 | |||
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| Real gross investment (Index, 1990=100) 2/ | 45.6 | 48.9 | 56.7 | 60.6 | 50.9 | 53.7 | |||
| Gross investment (in percent of GDP) 2/ | 24.8 | 23.5 | 26.8 | 26.8 | 23.8 | 22.8 | |||
Some figures may be inconsistent with the national accounts tables, as the data are based on surveys of industrial projects by branches of the economy.
According to national accounts data.
Belarus: Industrial Production, 1996-2001 (Q2)
(Percentage change in comparable prices)
Compared to the same quarter of 2000.
Belarus: Industrial Production, 1996-2001 (Q2)
(Percentage change in comparable prices)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 1/ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| Total | 3.5 | 18.8 | 12.4 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 2.2 | 6.1 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Power generation | -1.6 | 5.6 | -7.4 | 5.4 | -2.7 | -4.9 | -1.2 | ||
| Refineries | -5.5 | -1.0 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 15.9 | 3.1 | 6.7 | ||
| Chemicals and petrochemicals | 7.2 | 19.4 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 2.7 | -0.8 | 10.9 | ||
| Ferrous metallurgy | 23.4 | 35.1 | 14.9 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 17.2 | 3.4 | ||
| Machine building | 1.6 | 25.7 | 15.5 | 16.2 | 15.4 | 14.3 | 8.9 | ||
| Wood and paper | 14.2 | 34.7 | 21.7 | 16.0 | 6.1 | -1.5 | 4.9 | ||
| Construction materials | -4.0 | 26.1 | 15.2 | 1.5 | -2.0 | 3.0 | 2.5 | ||
| Light industry | 11.9 | 27.1 | 22.8 | 10.8 | 5.1 | -8.0 | -3.0 | ||
| Food-processing industries | 5.5 | 21.0 | 19.2 | 14.4 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 12.1 | ||
Compared to the same quarter of 2000.
Belarus: Industrial Production, 1996-2001 (Q2)
(Percentage change in comparable prices)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 1/ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| Total | 3.5 | 18.8 | 12.4 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 2.2 | 6.1 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Power generation | -1.6 | 5.6 | -7.4 | 5.4 | -2.7 | -4.9 | -1.2 | ||
| Refineries | -5.5 | -1.0 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 15.9 | 3.1 | 6.7 | ||
| Chemicals and petrochemicals | 7.2 | 19.4 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 2.7 | -0.8 | 10.9 | ||
| Ferrous metallurgy | 23.4 | 35.1 | 14.9 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 17.2 | 3.4 | ||
| Machine building | 1.6 | 25.7 | 15.5 | 16.2 | 15.4 | 14.3 | 8.9 | ||
| Wood and paper | 14.2 | 34.7 | 21.7 | 16.0 | 6.1 | -1.5 | 4.9 | ||
| Construction materials | -4.0 | 26.1 | 15.2 | 1.5 | -2.0 | 3.0 | 2.5 | ||
| Light industry | 11.9 | 27.1 | 22.8 | 10.8 | 5.1 | -8.0 | -3.0 | ||
| Food-processing industries | 5.5 | 21.0 | 19.2 | 14.4 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 12.1 | ||
Compared to the same quarter of 2000.
Belarus: Inventories of Final Products in the Warehouses of Industrial Enterprises by Subsector, 1996-2001 (Q2) 1/ 2/
End-of-period stocks.
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Inventories of Final Products in the Warehouses of Industrial Enterprises by Subsector, 1996-2001 (Q2) 1/ 2/
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| (In millions of rubels) | |||||||||
| Total | 9,514 | 16,453 | 46,971 | 135,733 | 402,369 | 629,980 | 742,825 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Fuel | 76 | 164 | 1,376 | 5,755 | 4,205 | 21,764 | 21,072 | ||
| Ferrous metallurgy | 66 | 199 | 1,354 | 1,920 | 8,834 | 7,609 | 9,836 | ||
| Nonferrous metallurgy | 10 | 25 | 90 | 86 | 206 | 215 | 271 | ||
| Chemicals and petrochemicals | 1,063 | 2,065 | 8,318 | 18,520 | 52,655 | 79,006 | 88,892 | ||
| Machine building and metal-working | 5,446 | 9,180 | 20,896 | 59,580 | 162,288 | 277,361 | 341,486 | ||
| Forestry, wood, and paper products | 451 | 646 | 2,655 | 7,743 | 27,206 | 42,025 | 47,950 | ||
| Construction materials industry | 329 | 553 | 1,238 | 4,023 | 15,781 | 21,474 | 25,804 | ||
| Light industry | 783 | 1,361 | 5,952 | 17,460 | 59,177 | 81,331 | 94,379 | ||
| Food processing industries | 739 | 1,449 | 3,498 | 14,911 | 42,160 | 66,450 | 82,369 | ||
| (As a percent of current month’s output) | |||||||||
| Total | 69.4 | 55.9 | 85.9 | 54.7 | 62.8 | 60.3 | 67.9 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Fuel | 13.2 | 14.4 | 63.0 | 56.4 | 9.9 | 28.3 | 23.7 | ||
| Ferrous metallurgy | 16.4 | 19.5 | 67.7 | 23.5 | 36.0 | 17.0 | 22.3 | ||
| Nonferrous metallurgy | 83.3 | 75.8 | 160.5 | 40.2 | 24.8 | 22.9 | 22.0 | ||
| Chemicals and petrochemicals | 54.5 | 48.5 | 103.2 | 47.6 | 55.1 | 49.6 | 53.5 | ||
| Machine building and metal-working | 157.8 | 122.6 | 145.7 | 93.9 | 104.2 | 102.7 | 122.8 | ||
| Forestry, wood, and paper products | 59.9 | 39.1 | 79.9 | 51.4 | 82.0 | 79.3 | 87.7 | ||
| Construction materials industry | 67.7 | 48.3 | 59.4 | 44.7 | 72.3 | 74.2 | 74.7 | ||
| Light industry | 69.7 | 54.7 | 110.8 | 71.5 | 101.5 | 99.3 | 114.6 | ||
| Food-processing industries | 29.7 | 29.2 | 36.6 | 34.9 | 36.3 | 43.1 | 45.7 | ||
End-of-period stocks.
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Inventories of Final Products in the Warehouses of Industrial Enterprises by Subsector, 1996-2001 (Q2) 1/ 2/
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| (In millions of rubels) | |||||||||
| Total | 9,514 | 16,453 | 46,971 | 135,733 | 402,369 | 629,980 | 742,825 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Fuel | 76 | 164 | 1,376 | 5,755 | 4,205 | 21,764 | 21,072 | ||
| Ferrous metallurgy | 66 | 199 | 1,354 | 1,920 | 8,834 | 7,609 | 9,836 | ||
| Nonferrous metallurgy | 10 | 25 | 90 | 86 | 206 | 215 | 271 | ||
| Chemicals and petrochemicals | 1,063 | 2,065 | 8,318 | 18,520 | 52,655 | 79,006 | 88,892 | ||
| Machine building and metal-working | 5,446 | 9,180 | 20,896 | 59,580 | 162,288 | 277,361 | 341,486 | ||
| Forestry, wood, and paper products | 451 | 646 | 2,655 | 7,743 | 27,206 | 42,025 | 47,950 | ||
| Construction materials industry | 329 | 553 | 1,238 | 4,023 | 15,781 | 21,474 | 25,804 | ||
| Light industry | 783 | 1,361 | 5,952 | 17,460 | 59,177 | 81,331 | 94,379 | ||
| Food processing industries | 739 | 1,449 | 3,498 | 14,911 | 42,160 | 66,450 | 82,369 | ||
| (As a percent of current month’s output) | |||||||||
| Total | 69.4 | 55.9 | 85.9 | 54.7 | 62.8 | 60.3 | 67.9 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Fuel | 13.2 | 14.4 | 63.0 | 56.4 | 9.9 | 28.3 | 23.7 | ||
| Ferrous metallurgy | 16.4 | 19.5 | 67.7 | 23.5 | 36.0 | 17.0 | 22.3 | ||
| Nonferrous metallurgy | 83.3 | 75.8 | 160.5 | 40.2 | 24.8 | 22.9 | 22.0 | ||
| Chemicals and petrochemicals | 54.5 | 48.5 | 103.2 | 47.6 | 55.1 | 49.6 | 53.5 | ||
| Machine building and metal-working | 157.8 | 122.6 | 145.7 | 93.9 | 104.2 | 102.7 | 122.8 | ||
| Forestry, wood, and paper products | 59.9 | 39.1 | 79.9 | 51.4 | 82.0 | 79.3 | 87.7 | ||
| Construction materials industry | 67.7 | 48.3 | 59.4 | 44.7 | 72.3 | 74.2 | 74.7 | ||
| Light industry | 69.7 | 54.7 | 110.8 | 71.5 | 101.5 | 99.3 | 114.6 | ||
| Food-processing industries | 29.7 | 29.2 | 36.6 | 34.9 | 36.3 | 43.1 | 45.7 | ||
End-of-period stocks.
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Agricultural Production, 1995-2001 (Q2)
End-of-period stocks.
Belarus: Agricultural Production, 1995-2001 (Q2)
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| (In thousands of metric tons, unless otherwise indicated) | |||||||||
| Grain | 5,502 | 5,792 | 6,420 | 4,831 | 3645 | 4856 | … | … | |
| Potatoes | 9,504 | 10,881 | 6,942 | 7,574 | 7491 | 8718 | … | … | |
| Flax | 60 | 49 | 26 | 36 | 21 | 37 | … | … | |
| Sugar beets | 1,172 | 1,011 | 1,262 | 1,428 | 1186 | 1474 | … | … | |
| Meat | 995 | 937 | 941 | 981 | 949 | 854 | 232 | 189 | |
| Milk | 5,070 | 4,908 | 5,133 | 5,232 | 4741 | 4490 | 829 | 1508 | |
| Eggs | 3,373 | 3,403 | 3,459 | 3,481 | 3395 | 3288 | 710 | 891 | |
| Live animals (1,000 head) 1/ | |||||||||
| Cattle | 5,054 | 4,855 | 4,802 | 4,686 | 4326 | 4221 | 4522 | 4555 | |
| Pigs | 3,895 | 3,715 | 3,686 | 3,698 | 3566 | 3431 | 3214 | 3393 | |
| Sheep | 204 | 155 | 127 | 106 | 92 | 89 | 210 | 212 | |
| Horses | 229 | 232 | 233 | 229 | 221 | 217 | 99 | 101 | |
| (Percentage change from previous year) | |||||||||
| Grain | -9.7 | 5.3 | 10.8 | -24.8 | -24.5 | 33.2 | … | … | |
| Potatoes | 15.3 | 14.5 | -36.2 | 9.1 | -1.1 | 16.4 | … | … | |
| Flax | 22.4 | -18.3 | -46.9 | 38.5 | -41.7 | 76.2 | … | … | |
| Sugar beets | 8.7 | -13.7 | 24.8 | 13.1 | -16.9 | 24.3 | … | … | |
| Meat | -12.6 | -5.8 | 0.4 | 4.2 | -3.2 | -10.0 | -72.8 | -18.5 | |
| Milk | -8.0 | -3.2 | 4.6 | 1.9 | -9.4 | -5.3 | -81.5 | 81.9 | |
| Eggs | -0.8 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 0.6 | -2.5 | -3.2 | -78.4 | 25.5 | |
| Livestock 1/ | |||||||||
| Cattle | -6.5 | -3.9 | -1.1 | -2.4 | -7.7 | -2.4 | 7.1 | 0.7 | |
| Pigs | -2.7 | -4.6 | -0.8 | 0.3 | -3.6 | -3.8 | -6.3 | 5.6 | |
| Sheep | -11.3 | -24.0 | -18.1 | -16.5 | -13.2 | -3.3 | 136.0 | 1.0 | |
| Horses | 4.1 | 1.3 | 0.4 | -1.7 | -3.5 | -1.8 | -54.4 | 2.0 | |
| (Yield per hectare) | |||||||||
| Grain | 21.1 | 22.0 | 23.9 | 19.1 | 15 | 19.4 | … | … | |
| Potatoes | 132.0 | 152.0 | 100.0 | 114.0 | 114 | 134 | … | … | |
| Flax | 6.2 | 6.5 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 4.8 | … | … | |
| Sugar beets | 218.0 | 225.0 | 273.0 | 292.0 | 227.0 | 292.0 | … | … | |
End-of-period stocks.
Belarus: Agricultural Production, 1995-2001 (Q2)
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| (In thousands of metric tons, unless otherwise indicated) | |||||||||
| Grain | 5,502 | 5,792 | 6,420 | 4,831 | 3645 | 4856 | … | … | |
| Potatoes | 9,504 | 10,881 | 6,942 | 7,574 | 7491 | 8718 | … | … | |
| Flax | 60 | 49 | 26 | 36 | 21 | 37 | … | … | |
| Sugar beets | 1,172 | 1,011 | 1,262 | 1,428 | 1186 | 1474 | … | … | |
| Meat | 995 | 937 | 941 | 981 | 949 | 854 | 232 | 189 | |
| Milk | 5,070 | 4,908 | 5,133 | 5,232 | 4741 | 4490 | 829 | 1508 | |
| Eggs | 3,373 | 3,403 | 3,459 | 3,481 | 3395 | 3288 | 710 | 891 | |
| Live animals (1,000 head) 1/ | |||||||||
| Cattle | 5,054 | 4,855 | 4,802 | 4,686 | 4326 | 4221 | 4522 | 4555 | |
| Pigs | 3,895 | 3,715 | 3,686 | 3,698 | 3566 | 3431 | 3214 | 3393 | |
| Sheep | 204 | 155 | 127 | 106 | 92 | 89 | 210 | 212 | |
| Horses | 229 | 232 | 233 | 229 | 221 | 217 | 99 | 101 | |
| (Percentage change from previous year) | |||||||||
| Grain | -9.7 | 5.3 | 10.8 | -24.8 | -24.5 | 33.2 | … | … | |
| Potatoes | 15.3 | 14.5 | -36.2 | 9.1 | -1.1 | 16.4 | … | … | |
| Flax | 22.4 | -18.3 | -46.9 | 38.5 | -41.7 | 76.2 | … | … | |
| Sugar beets | 8.7 | -13.7 | 24.8 | 13.1 | -16.9 | 24.3 | … | … | |
| Meat | -12.6 | -5.8 | 0.4 | 4.2 | -3.2 | -10.0 | -72.8 | -18.5 | |
| Milk | -8.0 | -3.2 | 4.6 | 1.9 | -9.4 | -5.3 | -81.5 | 81.9 | |
| Eggs | -0.8 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 0.6 | -2.5 | -3.2 | -78.4 | 25.5 | |
| Livestock 1/ | |||||||||
| Cattle | -6.5 | -3.9 | -1.1 | -2.4 | -7.7 | -2.4 | 7.1 | 0.7 | |
| Pigs | -2.7 | -4.6 | -0.8 | 0.3 | -3.6 | -3.8 | -6.3 | 5.6 | |
| Sheep | -11.3 | -24.0 | -18.1 | -16.5 | -13.2 | -3.3 | 136.0 | 1.0 | |
| Horses | 4.1 | 1.3 | 0.4 | -1.7 | -3.5 | -1.8 | -54.4 | 2.0 | |
| (Yield per hectare) | |||||||||
| Grain | 21.1 | 22.0 | 23.9 | 19.1 | 15 | 19.4 | … | … | |
| Potatoes | 132.0 | 152.0 | 100.0 | 114.0 | 114 | 134 | … | … | |
| Flax | 6.2 | 6.5 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 4.8 | … | … | |
| Sugar beets | 218.0 | 225.0 | 273.0 | 292.0 | 227.0 | 292.0 | … | … | |
End-of-period stocks.
Belarus: Production and Consumption of Energy, 1995-2001 (Q2)
Belarus: Production and Consumption of Energy, 1995-2001 (Q2)
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||||
| Production | |||||||||||
| Electricity (million kwh) | 24,918 | 23,728 | 26,057 | 23,492 | 26,516 | 26,100 | 7,159 | 5,868 | |||
| Natural gas (million cubic meters) | 266 | 249 | 246 | 252 | 256 | 257 | 64 | 64 | |||
| Crude oil (thousand tons) | 1,932 | 1,860 | 1,822 | 1,830 | 1,840 | 1,851 | 457 | 467 | |||
| Gasoline (thousand tons) | 1,849 | 1,816 | 1,954 | 1,907 | 1,685 | 1,964 | 512 | 468 | |||
| Diesel (thousand tons) | 3,465 | 3,170 | 3,115 | 3,318 | 3,398 | 3,847 | 935 | 1,033 | |||
| Heavy fuel oil (thousand tons) | 5,592 | 4,812 | 4,524 | 4,253 | 4,305 | 4,627 | 1,253 | 972 | |||
| Imports | |||||||||||
| Electricity (million kwh) | 10,066 | 11,144 | 10,308 | 12,747 | 10,192 | 9,975 | … | … | |||
| Natural gas (million cubic meters) | 13,531 | 14,345 | 16,241 | 16,004 | 16,565 | 17,115 | 5,324 | 3,662 | |||
| Crude oil (thousand tons) | 11,555 | 10,645 | 10,461 | 10,055 | 9,900 | 12,010 | 2,716 | 3,087 | |||
| Gasoline (thousand tons) | 53 | 72 | 56 | 21 | 55 | 38 | 2 | 3 | |||
| Diesel (thousand tons) | 24 | 18 | 33 | 83 | 90 | 236 | 35 | 12 | |||
| Heavy fuel oil (thousand tons) | 36 | 16 | 27 | 38 | 354 | 440 | 23 | 28 | |||
| Exports | |||||||||||
| Electricity (million kwh) | 2,907 | 2,601 | 2,688 | 2,073 | 3,029 | 2,764 | … | … | |||
| Crude oil (thousand tons) | 200 | 300 | 400 | 382 | 350 | 351 | 100 | 100 | |||
| Gasoline (thousand tons) | 666 | 683 | 666 | 688 | 629 | 1,026 | 248 | 282 | |||
| Diesel (thousand tons) | 1,711 | 1,470 | 990 | 1,609 | 1,761 | 2,339 | 535 | 592 | |||
| Heavy fuel oil (thousand tons) | 233 | 901 | 713 | 723 | 2,006 | 3,076 | 705 | 739 | |||
| Change in stocks | |||||||||||
| Natural gas (million cubic meters) | 43 | -7 | 110 | 22 | 6 | -197 | 137 | -87 | |||
| Crude oil (thousand tons) | -25 | 250 | -95 | -47 | 48 | -53 | 63 | -26 | |||
| Gasoline (thousand tons) | -82 | 100 | -97 | 33 | 16 | 11 | -90 | 40 | |||
| Diesel (thousand tons) | 27 | 182 | -242 | 163 | 97 | 20 | -147 | 23 | |||
| Heavy fuel oil (thousand tons) | -217 | 189 | -133 | -164 | 194 | 73 | 153 | 39 | |||
| Consumption | |||||||||||
| Electricity (million kwh) | 22,018 | 21,136 | 33,677 | 34,166 | 33,679 | 33,311 | 9,271 | 7,389 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||||
| Industrial sector (million kwh) | 13,383 | 13,456 | 15,321 | 15,714 | 15,668 | 16,324 | … | … | |||
| Natural gas (million cubic meters) | 13,840 | 14,587 | 16,597 | 16,278 | 16,827 | 17,175 | 5,525 | 3,639 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||||
| For production of heating and electricity (million meters) | 9,903 | 10,748 | 12,449 | 11,422 | 12,096 | 12,886 | 4,335 | 2,509 | |||
| Crude oil (thousand tons) | 1,719 | 1,821 | 11,788 | 11,456 | 11,438 | 13,457 | 3,136 | 3,428 | |||
| Gasoline (thousand tons) | 1,154 | 1,305 | 1,247 | 1,273 | 1,127 | 987 | 176 | 229 | |||
| Diesel (thousand tons) | 1,805 | 1,900 | 1,916 | 1,955 | 1,824 | 1,764 | 288 | 476 | |||
| Heavy fuel oil (thousand tons) | 5,178 | 4,711 | 3,705 | 3,404 | 2,847 | 2,064 | 724 | 300 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||||
| For production of heating and electricity (million meters) | 4,238 | 4,073 | 2,759 | 2,612 | 2,335 | 1,630 | 654 | 212 | |||
| Losses in distribution | |||||||||||
| Electricity (million kwh) | 3,636 | 3,757 | 3,801 | 3,796 | 3,544 | 3,412 | … | … | |||
| Natural gas (million cubic meters) | 139 | 155 | 135 | 133 | 103 | 229 | … | … | |||
Belarus: Production and Consumption of Energy, 1995-2001 (Q2)
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||||
| Production | |||||||||||
| Electricity (million kwh) | 24,918 | 23,728 | 26,057 | 23,492 | 26,516 | 26,100 | 7,159 | 5,868 | |||
| Natural gas (million cubic meters) | 266 | 249 | 246 | 252 | 256 | 257 | 64 | 64 | |||
| Crude oil (thousand tons) | 1,932 | 1,860 | 1,822 | 1,830 | 1,840 | 1,851 | 457 | 467 | |||
| Gasoline (thousand tons) | 1,849 | 1,816 | 1,954 | 1,907 | 1,685 | 1,964 | 512 | 468 | |||
| Diesel (thousand tons) | 3,465 | 3,170 | 3,115 | 3,318 | 3,398 | 3,847 | 935 | 1,033 | |||
| Heavy fuel oil (thousand tons) | 5,592 | 4,812 | 4,524 | 4,253 | 4,305 | 4,627 | 1,253 | 972 | |||
| Imports | |||||||||||
| Electricity (million kwh) | 10,066 | 11,144 | 10,308 | 12,747 | 10,192 | 9,975 | … | … | |||
| Natural gas (million cubic meters) | 13,531 | 14,345 | 16,241 | 16,004 | 16,565 | 17,115 | 5,324 | 3,662 | |||
| Crude oil (thousand tons) | 11,555 | 10,645 | 10,461 | 10,055 | 9,900 | 12,010 | 2,716 | 3,087 | |||
| Gasoline (thousand tons) | 53 | 72 | 56 | 21 | 55 | 38 | 2 | 3 | |||
| Diesel (thousand tons) | 24 | 18 | 33 | 83 | 90 | 236 | 35 | 12 | |||
| Heavy fuel oil (thousand tons) | 36 | 16 | 27 | 38 | 354 | 440 | 23 | 28 | |||
| Exports | |||||||||||
| Electricity (million kwh) | 2,907 | 2,601 | 2,688 | 2,073 | 3,029 | 2,764 | … | … | |||
| Crude oil (thousand tons) | 200 | 300 | 400 | 382 | 350 | 351 | 100 | 100 | |||
| Gasoline (thousand tons) | 666 | 683 | 666 | 688 | 629 | 1,026 | 248 | 282 | |||
| Diesel (thousand tons) | 1,711 | 1,470 | 990 | 1,609 | 1,761 | 2,339 | 535 | 592 | |||
| Heavy fuel oil (thousand tons) | 233 | 901 | 713 | 723 | 2,006 | 3,076 | 705 | 739 | |||
| Change in stocks | |||||||||||
| Natural gas (million cubic meters) | 43 | -7 | 110 | 22 | 6 | -197 | 137 | -87 | |||
| Crude oil (thousand tons) | -25 | 250 | -95 | -47 | 48 | -53 | 63 | -26 | |||
| Gasoline (thousand tons) | -82 | 100 | -97 | 33 | 16 | 11 | -90 | 40 | |||
| Diesel (thousand tons) | 27 | 182 | -242 | 163 | 97 | 20 | -147 | 23 | |||
| Heavy fuel oil (thousand tons) | -217 | 189 | -133 | -164 | 194 | 73 | 153 | 39 | |||
| Consumption | |||||||||||
| Electricity (million kwh) | 22,018 | 21,136 | 33,677 | 34,166 | 33,679 | 33,311 | 9,271 | 7,389 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||||
| Industrial sector (million kwh) | 13,383 | 13,456 | 15,321 | 15,714 | 15,668 | 16,324 | … | … | |||
| Natural gas (million cubic meters) | 13,840 | 14,587 | 16,597 | 16,278 | 16,827 | 17,175 | 5,525 | 3,639 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||||
| For production of heating and electricity (million meters) | 9,903 | 10,748 | 12,449 | 11,422 | 12,096 | 12,886 | 4,335 | 2,509 | |||
| Crude oil (thousand tons) | 1,719 | 1,821 | 11,788 | 11,456 | 11,438 | 13,457 | 3,136 | 3,428 | |||
| Gasoline (thousand tons) | 1,154 | 1,305 | 1,247 | 1,273 | 1,127 | 987 | 176 | 229 | |||
| Diesel (thousand tons) | 1,805 | 1,900 | 1,916 | 1,955 | 1,824 | 1,764 | 288 | 476 | |||
| Heavy fuel oil (thousand tons) | 5,178 | 4,711 | 3,705 | 3,404 | 2,847 | 2,064 | 724 | 300 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||||
| For production of heating and electricity (million meters) | 4,238 | 4,073 | 2,759 | 2,612 | 2,335 | 1,630 | 654 | 212 | |||
| Losses in distribution | |||||||||||
| Electricity (million kwh) | 3,636 | 3,757 | 3,801 | 3,796 | 3,544 | 3,412 | … | … | |||
| Natural gas (million cubic meters) | 139 | 155 | 135 | 133 | 103 | 229 | … | … | |||
Belarus: Change in Consumer and Producer Prices 1997-2001 (November)
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) uses weights from the previous year’s Household Expenditure Survey.
Industrial Production Price Index (IPPI) data are based on a corrected index formula (Laspeyres) using the weights derived from the structure of output of products by branches of industry in 1993.
Belarus: Change in Consumer and Producer Prices 1997-2001 (November)
| Consumer Prices: CPI 1/ | Producer Prices: IPPI 2/ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monthly percentage change | Year-on-year percentage change | Monthly percentage change | Year-on-year percentage change | ||
| 1997 | |||||
| January | 13.3 | 49 | 18.5 | 50 | |
| February | 6.6 | 53 | 14.3 | 70 | |
| March | 2.3 | 54 | 5.3 | 77 | |
| April | 4.3 | 58 | 6.8 | 86 | |
| May | 5.0 | 65 | 6.0 | 97 | |
| June | 4.5 | 63 | 3.1 | 98 | |
| July | 1.4 | 67 | 2.7 | 100 | |
| August | 1.0 | 67 | 1.4 | 95 | |
| September | 5.0 | 72 | 2.1 | 95 | |
| October | 3.2 | 75 | 2.2 | 96 | |
| November | 1.8 | 71 | 2.2 | 96 | |
| December | 2.3 | 63 | 2.3 | 89 | |
| 1998 | |||||
| January | 3.9 | 50 | 4.1 | 66 | |
| February | 3.1 | 45 | 3.8 | 51 | |
| March | 3.3 | 46 | 3.0 | 48 | |
| April | 3.8 | 45 | 2.5 | 42 | |
| May | 3.4 | 43 | 2.5 | 37 | |
| June | 2.7 | 41 | 3.4 | 37 | |
| July | 2.8 | 43 | 5.0 | 40 | |
| August | 3.8 | 47 | 6.3 | 47 | |
| September | 17.6 | 65 | 12.1 | 61 | |
| October | 21.0 | 93 | 16.0 | 83 | |
| November | 25.0 | 137 | 21.7 | 118 | |
| December | 21.7 | 182 | 40.7 | 200 | |
| 1999 | |||||
| January | 16.6 | 216 | 29.1 | 272 | |
| February | 13.7 | 249 | 18.2 | 324 | |
| March | 12.1 | 279 | 15.0 | 374 | |
| April | 7.4 | 292 | 6.2 | 391 | |
| May | 8.9 | 312 | 6.7 | 412 | |
| June | 7.1 | 330 | 5.1 | 420 | |
| July | 6.0 | 343 | 5.3 | 421 | |
| August | 7.1 | 357 | 7.8 | 429 | |
| September | 12.1 | 336 | 7.5 | 407 | |
| October | 14.2 | 311 | 9.5 | 378 | |
| November | 14.3 | 276 | 10.4 | 334 | |
| December | 13.6 | 251 | 11.9 | 245 | |
| 2000 | |||||
| January | 14.1 | 244 | 11.6 | 198 | |
| February | 9.3 | 230 | 10.3 | 178 | |
| March | 5.8 | 212 | 10.3 | 167 | |
| April | 5.1 | 205 | 6.4 | 167 | |
| May | 4.7 | 193 | 9.7 | 175 | |
| June | 6.1 | 190 | 10.1 | 188 | |
| July | 4.7 | 187 | 8.6 | 197 | |
| August | 3.6 | 178 | 9.3 | 201 | |
| September | 6.8 | 164 | 8.9 | 205 | |
| October | 5.2 | 143 | 6.6 | 197 | |
| November | 5.4 | 124 | 5.6 | 184 | |
| December | 5.1 | 108 | 5.6 | 168 | |
| 2001 | |||||
| January | 4.8 | 91 | 3.7 | 149 | |
| February | 3.9 | 81 | 3.4 | 134 | |
| March | 3.9 | 78 | 3.4 | 119 | |
| April | 3.3 | 75 | 3.1 | 112 | |
| May | 2.6 | 72 | 0.8 | 95 | |
| June | 2.1 | 65 | 1.3 | 80 | |
| July | 1.6 | 60 | 1.2 | 67 | |
| August | 0.8 | 56 | 1.9 | 56 | |
| September | 2.1 | 49 | 2.5 | 47 | |
| October | 3.6 | 47 | 3.7 | 43 | |
| November | 4.6 | 46 | … | … | |
| Average | |||||
| 1992 | 26.4 | 971 | 34.1 | 1,939 | |
| 1993 | 28.9 | 1,190 | 30.4 | 1,536 | |
| 1994 | 28.7 | 2,221 | 28.2 | 2,171 | |
| 1995 | 10.8 | 709 | 6.9 | 462 | |
| 1996 | 2.8 | 53 | 2.3 | 34 | |
| 1997 | 4.2 | 64 | 5.5 | 88 | |
| 1998 | 9.0 | 73 | 9.6 | 72 | |
| 1999 | 11.0 | 294 | 10.9 | 356 | |
| 2000 | 6.3 | 169 | 8.6 | 186 | |
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) uses weights from the previous year’s Household Expenditure Survey.
Industrial Production Price Index (IPPI) data are based on a corrected index formula (Laspeyres) using the weights derived from the structure of output of products by branches of industry in 1993.
Belarus: Change in Consumer and Producer Prices 1997-2001 (November)
| Consumer Prices: CPI 1/ | Producer Prices: IPPI 2/ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monthly percentage change | Year-on-year percentage change | Monthly percentage change | Year-on-year percentage change | ||
| 1997 | |||||
| January | 13.3 | 49 | 18.5 | 50 | |
| February | 6.6 | 53 | 14.3 | 70 | |
| March | 2.3 | 54 | 5.3 | 77 | |
| April | 4.3 | 58 | 6.8 | 86 | |
| May | 5.0 | 65 | 6.0 | 97 | |
| June | 4.5 | 63 | 3.1 | 98 | |
| July | 1.4 | 67 | 2.7 | 100 | |
| August | 1.0 | 67 | 1.4 | 95 | |
| September | 5.0 | 72 | 2.1 | 95 | |
| October | 3.2 | 75 | 2.2 | 96 | |
| November | 1.8 | 71 | 2.2 | 96 | |
| December | 2.3 | 63 | 2.3 | 89 | |
| 1998 | |||||
| January | 3.9 | 50 | 4.1 | 66 | |
| February | 3.1 | 45 | 3.8 | 51 | |
| March | 3.3 | 46 | 3.0 | 48 | |
| April | 3.8 | 45 | 2.5 | 42 | |
| May | 3.4 | 43 | 2.5 | 37 | |
| June | 2.7 | 41 | 3.4 | 37 | |
| July | 2.8 | 43 | 5.0 | 40 | |
| August | 3.8 | 47 | 6.3 | 47 | |
| September | 17.6 | 65 | 12.1 | 61 | |
| October | 21.0 | 93 | 16.0 | 83 | |
| November | 25.0 | 137 | 21.7 | 118 | |
| December | 21.7 | 182 | 40.7 | 200 | |
| 1999 | |||||
| January | 16.6 | 216 | 29.1 | 272 | |
| February | 13.7 | 249 | 18.2 | 324 | |
| March | 12.1 | 279 | 15.0 | 374 | |
| April | 7.4 | 292 | 6.2 | 391 | |
| May | 8.9 | 312 | 6.7 | 412 | |
| June | 7.1 | 330 | 5.1 | 420 | |
| July | 6.0 | 343 | 5.3 | 421 | |
| August | 7.1 | 357 | 7.8 | 429 | |
| September | 12.1 | 336 | 7.5 | 407 | |
| October | 14.2 | 311 | 9.5 | 378 | |
| November | 14.3 | 276 | 10.4 | 334 | |
| December | 13.6 | 251 | 11.9 | 245 | |
| 2000 | |||||
| January | 14.1 | 244 | 11.6 | 198 | |
| February | 9.3 | 230 | 10.3 | 178 | |
| March | 5.8 | 212 | 10.3 | 167 | |
| April | 5.1 | 205 | 6.4 | 167 | |
| May | 4.7 | 193 | 9.7 | 175 | |
| June | 6.1 | 190 | 10.1 | 188 | |
| July | 4.7 | 187 | 8.6 | 197 | |
| August | 3.6 | 178 | 9.3 | 201 | |
| September | 6.8 | 164 | 8.9 | 205 | |
| October | 5.2 | 143 | 6.6 | 197 | |
| November | 5.4 | 124 | 5.6 | 184 | |
| December | 5.1 | 108 | 5.6 | 168 | |
| 2001 | |||||
| January | 4.8 | 91 | 3.7 | 149 | |
| February | 3.9 | 81 | 3.4 | 134 | |
| March | 3.9 | 78 | 3.4 | 119 | |
| April | 3.3 | 75 | 3.1 | 112 | |
| May | 2.6 | 72 | 0.8 | 95 | |
| June | 2.1 | 65 | 1.3 | 80 | |
| July | 1.6 | 60 | 1.2 | 67 | |
| August | 0.8 | 56 | 1.9 | 56 | |
| September | 2.1 | 49 | 2.5 | 47 | |
| October | 3.6 | 47 | 3.7 | 43 | |
| November | 4.6 | 46 | … | … | |
| Average | |||||
| 1992 | 26.4 | 971 | 34.1 | 1,939 | |
| 1993 | 28.9 | 1,190 | 30.4 | 1,536 | |
| 1994 | 28.7 | 2,221 | 28.2 | 2,171 | |
| 1995 | 10.8 | 709 | 6.9 | 462 | |
| 1996 | 2.8 | 53 | 2.3 | 34 | |
| 1997 | 4.2 | 64 | 5.5 | 88 | |
| 1998 | 9.0 | 73 | 9.6 | 72 | |
| 1999 | 11.0 | 294 | 10.9 | 356 | |
| 2000 | 6.3 | 169 | 8.6 | 186 | |
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) uses weights from the previous year’s Household Expenditure Survey.
Industrial Production Price Index (IPPI) data are based on a corrected index formula (Laspeyres) using the weights derived from the structure of output of products by branches of industry in 1993.
Belarus: Changes in Administered Prices of Household Services, 2000-2001 (June)
(Percentage change)
Payment for heating is calculated on the basis of living space; after September 1, 1999 the definition was broadened.
Domestic resale.
For preferred users.
Oil product prices for households are not regulated.
Belarus: Changes in Administered Prices of Household Services, 2000-2001 (June)
(Percentage change)
| 2000 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 97/Dec 96 | Dec 98/Dec 97 | Dec 99/Dec 98 | Dec 00/Dec 99 | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | |||
| Utilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rent | 20.0 | 20.0 | 144.1 | 304.5 | 8.4 | 2.1 | 35.1 | 11.6 | 30.0 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 8.0 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 0 | 3.3 | 0.8 | ||
| Water | 58.7 | 484.7 | 221.9 | 173.0 | 8.6 | 1.9 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 5.9 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 8.0 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 30.0 | 4.0 | 0 | 3.3 | 0.8 | ||
| Sewage | 58.7 | 484.7 | 174.4 | 173.0 | 8.6 | 1.9 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 5.9 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 8.0 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 30.0 | 4.0 | 0 | 3.3 | 0.8 | ||
| Heating 1/ | 38.0 | 0 | 240.1 | 640.0 | 8.6 | 1.9 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 30.0 | 10.9 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 30.0 | 10.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 0 | 35.0 | 35.0 | ||
| Hot water | 38.0 | 0 | 240.1 | 640.0 | 8.6 | 1.9 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 30.0 | 10.9 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 30.0 | 10.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 0 | 35.0 | 35.0 | ||
| Electricity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City dwellers | 33.0 | 88.9 | 69.4 | 900.0 | 0 | 25.0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Rural dwellers | 61.2 | 90.0 | 69.4 | 900.0 | 0 | 25.0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Transportation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Urban transport | 33.3 | 50.0 | 567.0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Commuter transport | 65.8 | 144.7 | 126.1 | 256.5 | 52.2 | 0 | 0 | 51.4 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 18.9 | 0 | 0 | 30.0 | 0 | 8.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Energy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crude oil | 87.2 | 85.2 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Natural gas (for cooking) 2/ | 151.2 | 68.0 | … | … | 8.0 | 1.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 31.0 | 10.9 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Gasoline 3/ 4/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unleaded AI-76 4/ | 87.2 | 117.7 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Leaded AI-93 4/ | 87.2 | 261.2 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Diesel fuel 3/ 4/ | 0.0 | 117.4 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Fuel oil 3/ 4/ | 0.0 | 67.3 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Electricity (industrial tariff) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Use above 750 Kwh | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Use below 750 Kwh | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Memorandum item: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CPI (percentage change) | 63.1 | 181.7 | 251.3 | 107.9 | 14.1 | 9.3 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 6.8 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.1 | ||
Payment for heating is calculated on the basis of living space; after September 1, 1999 the definition was broadened.
Domestic resale.
For preferred users.
Oil product prices for households are not regulated.
Belarus: Changes in Administered Prices of Household Services, 2000-2001 (June)
(Percentage change)
| 2000 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 97/Dec 96 | Dec 98/Dec 97 | Dec 99/Dec 98 | Dec 00/Dec 99 | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | |||
| Utilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rent | 20.0 | 20.0 | 144.1 | 304.5 | 8.4 | 2.1 | 35.1 | 11.6 | 30.0 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 8.0 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 0 | 3.3 | 0.8 | ||
| Water | 58.7 | 484.7 | 221.9 | 173.0 | 8.6 | 1.9 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 5.9 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 8.0 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 30.0 | 4.0 | 0 | 3.3 | 0.8 | ||
| Sewage | 58.7 | 484.7 | 174.4 | 173.0 | 8.6 | 1.9 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 5.9 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 8.0 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 30.0 | 4.0 | 0 | 3.3 | 0.8 | ||
| Heating 1/ | 38.0 | 0 | 240.1 | 640.0 | 8.6 | 1.9 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 30.0 | 10.9 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 30.0 | 10.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 0 | 35.0 | 35.0 | ||
| Hot water | 38.0 | 0 | 240.1 | 640.0 | 8.6 | 1.9 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 30.0 | 10.9 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 30.0 | 10.5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 0 | 35.0 | 35.0 | ||
| Electricity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City dwellers | 33.0 | 88.9 | 69.4 | 900.0 | 0 | 25.0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Rural dwellers | 61.2 | 90.0 | 69.4 | 900.0 | 0 | 25.0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Transportation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Urban transport | 33.3 | 50.0 | 567.0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Commuter transport | 65.8 | 144.7 | 126.1 | 256.5 | 52.2 | 0 | 0 | 51.4 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 18.9 | 0 | 0 | 30.0 | 0 | 8.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Energy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crude oil | 87.2 | 85.2 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Natural gas (for cooking) 2/ | 151.2 | 68.0 | … | … | 8.0 | 1.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 31.0 | 10.9 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Gasoline 3/ 4/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unleaded AI-76 4/ | 87.2 | 117.7 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Leaded AI-93 4/ | 87.2 | 261.2 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Diesel fuel 3/ 4/ | 0.0 | 117.4 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Fuel oil 3/ 4/ | 0.0 | 67.3 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Electricity (industrial tariff) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Use above 750 Kwh | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Use below 750 Kwh | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | ||
| Memorandum item: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CPI (percentage change) | 63.1 | 181.7 | 251.3 | 107.9 | 14.1 | 9.3 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 6.8 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.1 | ||
Payment for heating is calculated on the basis of living space; after September 1, 1999 the definition was broadened.
Domestic resale.
For preferred users.
Oil product prices for households are not regulated.
Belarus: Tariffs and Cost Coverage for Households, 1999-2001 (July) 1/
Data have been revised backward lo reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Per square meter for rent and heating; per cubic meter for water and sewage; per person for hot water and gas; per kwh for electricity; and per household for radio, telephone, and TV antenna.
A representative household consists of: 1) the area of a 30-square-meter, two-bedroom apartment; with 2) each person consuming 9 cubic meters of water and 50 kwh of electricity per month.
Belarus: Tariffs and Cost Coverage for Households, 1999-2001 (July) 1/
| January 1, 1999 | January 1, 2000 | January 1, 2001 | July 1, 2001 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit Tariff 2/ (In rubels) |
Representative Household Expenditure 3/ (In rubels) |
Cost Coverage (In percent) |
Unit Tariff 2/ (In rubels) |
Representative Household Expenditure 3/ (In rubels) |
Cost Coverage (In percent) |
Unit Tariff 2/ (In rubels) |
Representative Household Expenditure 3/ (In rubels) |
Cost Coverage (In percent) |
Unit Tariff 2/ (In rubels) |
Representative Household Expenditure 3/ (In rubels) |
Cost Coverage (In percent) |
|
| Rent | 1.5 | 44.1 | 35.2 | 2.4 | 72.9 | 14.6 | 9.5 | 285.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 325.8 | 10.8 |
| Heating | 4.9 | 146.0 | 38.8 | 11.2 | 337.2 | 18.7 | 80.1 | 2,402.7 | 17.1 | 159.8 | 4,793.4 | 21.8 |
| Water | 4.2 | 112.3 | 100.0 | 11.6 | 314.0 | 59.9 | 30.7 | 829.4 | 28.7 | 44.0 | 1,187.7 | 32.9 |
| Sewage | 3.8 | 102.9 | 100.0 | 9.1 | 245.4 | 66.5 | 24.1 | 650.7 | 28.9 | 34.5 | 931.8 | 35.0 |
| Hot water | 14.6 | 43.8 | 21.8 | 53.9 | 161.8 | 10.5 | 386.2 | 1,158.7 | 9.7 | 770.6 | 2,311.7 | 12.3 |
| Radio | 6.4 | 6.4 | 50.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 52.7 | 116.0 | 116.0 | 36.3 | 139.0 | 139.0 | 41.7 |
| Telephone | 48.0 | 48.0 | 56.0 | 309.0 | 309.0 | 86.1 | 702.0 | 702.0 | 63.9 | 842.0 | 842.0 | 76.3 |
| Television antenna | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Gas | 12.9 | 3.9 | 10.7 | 38.0 | 114.0 | 29.5 | 162.3 | 486.9 | 29.6 | 185.0 | 555.0 | 39.6 |
| Electricity | 0.9 | 145.7 | 17.1 | 1.4 | 247.0 | 18.3 | 14.4 | 2,469.0 | 37.6 | 17.4 | 2,983.0 | 50.6 |
Data have been revised backward lo reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Per square meter for rent and heating; per cubic meter for water and sewage; per person for hot water and gas; per kwh for electricity; and per household for radio, telephone, and TV antenna.
A representative household consists of: 1) the area of a 30-square-meter, two-bedroom apartment; with 2) each person consuming 9 cubic meters of water and 50 kwh of electricity per month.
Belarus: Tariffs and Cost Coverage for Households, 1999-2001 (July) 1/
| January 1, 1999 | January 1, 2000 | January 1, 2001 | July 1, 2001 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit Tariff 2/ (In rubels) |
Representative Household Expenditure 3/ (In rubels) |
Cost Coverage (In percent) |
Unit Tariff 2/ (In rubels) |
Representative Household Expenditure 3/ (In rubels) |
Cost Coverage (In percent) |
Unit Tariff 2/ (In rubels) |
Representative Household Expenditure 3/ (In rubels) |
Cost Coverage (In percent) |
Unit Tariff 2/ (In rubels) |
Representative Household Expenditure 3/ (In rubels) |
Cost Coverage (In percent) |
|
| Rent | 1.5 | 44.1 | 35.2 | 2.4 | 72.9 | 14.6 | 9.5 | 285.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 325.8 | 10.8 |
| Heating | 4.9 | 146.0 | 38.8 | 11.2 | 337.2 | 18.7 | 80.1 | 2,402.7 | 17.1 | 159.8 | 4,793.4 | 21.8 |
| Water | 4.2 | 112.3 | 100.0 | 11.6 | 314.0 | 59.9 | 30.7 | 829.4 | 28.7 | 44.0 | 1,187.7 | 32.9 |
| Sewage | 3.8 | 102.9 | 100.0 | 9.1 | 245.4 | 66.5 | 24.1 | 650.7 | 28.9 | 34.5 | 931.8 | 35.0 |
| Hot water | 14.6 | 43.8 | 21.8 | 53.9 | 161.8 | 10.5 | 386.2 | 1,158.7 | 9.7 | 770.6 | 2,311.7 | 12.3 |
| Radio | 6.4 | 6.4 | 50.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 52.7 | 116.0 | 116.0 | 36.3 | 139.0 | 139.0 | 41.7 |
| Telephone | 48.0 | 48.0 | 56.0 | 309.0 | 309.0 | 86.1 | 702.0 | 702.0 | 63.9 | 842.0 | 842.0 | 76.3 |
| Television antenna | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Gas | 12.9 | 3.9 | 10.7 | 38.0 | 114.0 | 29.5 | 162.3 | 486.9 | 29.6 | 185.0 | 555.0 | 39.6 |
| Electricity | 0.9 | 145.7 | 17.1 | 1.4 | 247.0 | 18.3 | 14.4 | 2,469.0 | 37.6 | 17.4 | 2,983.0 | 50.6 |
Data have been revised backward lo reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Per square meter for rent and heating; per cubic meter for water and sewage; per person for hot water and gas; per kwh for electricity; and per household for radio, telephone, and TV antenna.
A representative household consists of: 1) the area of a 30-square-meter, two-bedroom apartment; with 2) each person consuming 9 cubic meters of water and 50 kwh of electricity per month.
Belarus: Average Monthly Wages, 1996-2001 (Q2)
(In thousands of rubels) 1/
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
The average monthly wage of workers for 1996-98 are for the full range of enterprises and other entities.
Including collective farms.
Data for 2001 exclude non-public small enterprises.
Belarus: Average Monthly Wages, 1996-2001 (Q2)
(In thousands of rubels) 1/
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 4/ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| (Annual survey) 2/ | |||||||||
| Average | 1,212 | 2,270 | 4,635 | 19,581 | 58,916 | 91,063 | 115,162 | ||
| (Excluding collective farms) | 1,287 | 2,416 | 4,887 | 20,585 | 61,260 | … | … | ||
| Good-producing sectors | 1,174 | 2,222 | 4,518 | 19,489 | 57,666 | 89,475 | 113,364 | ||
| Construction | 1,474 | 2,852 | 5,796 | 25,238 | 74,660 | 116,293 | 147,025 | ||
| Industry | 1,366 | 2,689 | 5,630 | 23,865 | 70,905 | 111,665 | 136,413 | ||
| Forestry | 1,100 | 2,018 | 3,867 | 17,570 | 48,326 | 80,654 | 96,325 | ||
| Agriculture 3/ | 758 | 1,329 | 2,777 | 11,282 | 36,774 | 49,289 | 73,692 | ||
| Service-producing sectors | 1,316 | 2,415 | 4,823 | 20,376 | 61,594 | 98,333 | 123,059 | ||
| Banks and insurance | 2,207 | 4,353 | 9,056 | 39,928 | 111,650 | 166,729 | 204,410 | ||
| Administration | 1,750 | 3,446 | 6,439 | 24,330 | 77,107 | 104,052 | 147,279 | ||
| Information and computing services | 1,513 | 2,709 | 5,842 | 24,222 | 71,129 | 134,215 | 156,065 | ||
| Transport | 1,463 | 2,553 | 4,903 | 21,240 | 63,858 | 102,110 | 128,031 | ||
| Science | 1,354 | 2,585 | 5,213 | 23,753 | 73,975 | 112,068 | 139,199 | ||
| Communication | 1,352 | 2,345 | 4,707 | 21,188 | 68,046 | 111,423 | 134,439 | ||
| Housing and communal services | 1,203 | 2,071 | 4,178 | 18,180 | 56,179 | 95,929 | 115,655 | ||
| Health | 1,118 | 1,958 | 3,649 | 15,290 | 45,898 | 74,700 | 95,920 | ||
| Trade and catering | 1,070 | 1,945 | 4,067 | 16,397 | 47,332 | 71,270 | 91,159 | ||
| Education | 1,015 | 1,874 | 3,646 | 14,577 | 44,869 | 75,449 | 93,309 | ||
| Culture | 893 | 1,596 | 3,122 | 12,775 | 38,542 | 66,120 | 82,138 | ||
| Arts | 859 | 1,545 | 3,061 | 12,634 | 40,542 | 65,932 | 89,099 | ||
| Memorandum item: | |||||||||
| Collective farms | 700 | 1,221 | 2,520 | 10,234 | 33,406 | … | … | ||
| (Percentage change from the previous year) | |||||||||
| Average | 61 | 87 | 104 | 322 | 201 | 121 | 118 | ||
| (Excluding collective farms) | 60 | 88 | 102 | 321 | 198 | … | … | ||
| Good-producing sectors | 53 | 87 | 103 | 331 | 196 | 127 | 122 | ||
| Construction | 41 | 93 | 103 | 335 | 196 | 139 | 124 | ||
| Industry | 59 | 97 | 109 | 324 | 197 | 114 | 109 | ||
| Forestry | 51 | 83 | 92 | 354 | 175 | 133 | 123 | ||
| Agriculture 3/ | 62 | 75 | 109 | 306 | 226 | 122 | 131 | ||
| Service-producing sectors | 61 | 82 | 99 | 321 | 204 | 123 | 122 | ||
| Banks and insurance | 37 | 97 | 108 | 341 | 180 | 116 | 106 | ||
| Administration | 47 | 97 | 87 | 278 | 217 | 88 | 118 | ||
| Information and computing services | 58 | 79 | 116 | 315 | 194 | 138 | 113 | ||
| Transport | 56 | 75 | 92 | 333 | 201 | 129 | 113 | ||
| Science | 66 | 91 | 102 | 356 | 211 | 119 | 122 | ||
| Communication | 47 | 74 | 101 | 350 | 221 | 138 | 129 | ||
| Housing and communal services | 60 | 72 | 102 | 335 | 209 | 118 | 125 | ||
| Health | 71 | 75 | 86 | 319 | 200 | 130 | 131 | ||
| Trade and catering | 76 | 82 | 109 | 303 | 189 | 108 | 105 | ||
| Education | 71 | 85 | 95 | 300 | 208 | 130 | 128 | ||
| Culture | 73 | 79 | 96 | 309 | 202 | 132 | 131 | ||
| Arts | 66 | 80 | 98 | 313 | 221 | 128 | 144 | ||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| Minimum wage (in thousands of rubels, end-of-period) | 100 | 200 | 350 | 1450 | 3600 | 5700 | 5700 | ||
| Real average monthly wage index (1991=100) | 57 | 65 | 76 | 82 | 92 | 100 | 115 | ||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
The average monthly wage of workers for 1996-98 are for the full range of enterprises and other entities.
Including collective farms.
Data for 2001 exclude non-public small enterprises.
Belarus: Average Monthly Wages, 1996-2001 (Q2)
(In thousands of rubels) 1/
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 4/ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| (Annual survey) 2/ | |||||||||
| Average | 1,212 | 2,270 | 4,635 | 19,581 | 58,916 | 91,063 | 115,162 | ||
| (Excluding collective farms) | 1,287 | 2,416 | 4,887 | 20,585 | 61,260 | … | … | ||
| Good-producing sectors | 1,174 | 2,222 | 4,518 | 19,489 | 57,666 | 89,475 | 113,364 | ||
| Construction | 1,474 | 2,852 | 5,796 | 25,238 | 74,660 | 116,293 | 147,025 | ||
| Industry | 1,366 | 2,689 | 5,630 | 23,865 | 70,905 | 111,665 | 136,413 | ||
| Forestry | 1,100 | 2,018 | 3,867 | 17,570 | 48,326 | 80,654 | 96,325 | ||
| Agriculture 3/ | 758 | 1,329 | 2,777 | 11,282 | 36,774 | 49,289 | 73,692 | ||
| Service-producing sectors | 1,316 | 2,415 | 4,823 | 20,376 | 61,594 | 98,333 | 123,059 | ||
| Banks and insurance | 2,207 | 4,353 | 9,056 | 39,928 | 111,650 | 166,729 | 204,410 | ||
| Administration | 1,750 | 3,446 | 6,439 | 24,330 | 77,107 | 104,052 | 147,279 | ||
| Information and computing services | 1,513 | 2,709 | 5,842 | 24,222 | 71,129 | 134,215 | 156,065 | ||
| Transport | 1,463 | 2,553 | 4,903 | 21,240 | 63,858 | 102,110 | 128,031 | ||
| Science | 1,354 | 2,585 | 5,213 | 23,753 | 73,975 | 112,068 | 139,199 | ||
| Communication | 1,352 | 2,345 | 4,707 | 21,188 | 68,046 | 111,423 | 134,439 | ||
| Housing and communal services | 1,203 | 2,071 | 4,178 | 18,180 | 56,179 | 95,929 | 115,655 | ||
| Health | 1,118 | 1,958 | 3,649 | 15,290 | 45,898 | 74,700 | 95,920 | ||
| Trade and catering | 1,070 | 1,945 | 4,067 | 16,397 | 47,332 | 71,270 | 91,159 | ||
| Education | 1,015 | 1,874 | 3,646 | 14,577 | 44,869 | 75,449 | 93,309 | ||
| Culture | 893 | 1,596 | 3,122 | 12,775 | 38,542 | 66,120 | 82,138 | ||
| Arts | 859 | 1,545 | 3,061 | 12,634 | 40,542 | 65,932 | 89,099 | ||
| Memorandum item: | |||||||||
| Collective farms | 700 | 1,221 | 2,520 | 10,234 | 33,406 | … | … | ||
| (Percentage change from the previous year) | |||||||||
| Average | 61 | 87 | 104 | 322 | 201 | 121 | 118 | ||
| (Excluding collective farms) | 60 | 88 | 102 | 321 | 198 | … | … | ||
| Good-producing sectors | 53 | 87 | 103 | 331 | 196 | 127 | 122 | ||
| Construction | 41 | 93 | 103 | 335 | 196 | 139 | 124 | ||
| Industry | 59 | 97 | 109 | 324 | 197 | 114 | 109 | ||
| Forestry | 51 | 83 | 92 | 354 | 175 | 133 | 123 | ||
| Agriculture 3/ | 62 | 75 | 109 | 306 | 226 | 122 | 131 | ||
| Service-producing sectors | 61 | 82 | 99 | 321 | 204 | 123 | 122 | ||
| Banks and insurance | 37 | 97 | 108 | 341 | 180 | 116 | 106 | ||
| Administration | 47 | 97 | 87 | 278 | 217 | 88 | 118 | ||
| Information and computing services | 58 | 79 | 116 | 315 | 194 | 138 | 113 | ||
| Transport | 56 | 75 | 92 | 333 | 201 | 129 | 113 | ||
| Science | 66 | 91 | 102 | 356 | 211 | 119 | 122 | ||
| Communication | 47 | 74 | 101 | 350 | 221 | 138 | 129 | ||
| Housing and communal services | 60 | 72 | 102 | 335 | 209 | 118 | 125 | ||
| Health | 71 | 75 | 86 | 319 | 200 | 130 | 131 | ||
| Trade and catering | 76 | 82 | 109 | 303 | 189 | 108 | 105 | ||
| Education | 71 | 85 | 95 | 300 | 208 | 130 | 128 | ||
| Culture | 73 | 79 | 96 | 309 | 202 | 132 | 131 | ||
| Arts | 66 | 80 | 98 | 313 | 221 | 128 | 144 | ||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| Minimum wage (in thousands of rubels, end-of-period) | 100 | 200 | 350 | 1450 | 3600 | 5700 | 5700 | ||
| Real average monthly wage index (1991=100) | 57 | 65 | 76 | 82 | 92 | 100 | 115 | ||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
The average monthly wage of workers for 1996-98 are for the full range of enterprises and other entities.
Including collective farms.
Data for 2001 exclude non-public small enterprises.
Belarus: Price and Wage Developments, 1996-2001 (Q3)
(Percentage change from previous period)
Belarus: Price and Wage Developments, 1996-2001 (Q3)
(Percentage change from previous period)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | |||||||||
| Consumer prices (period average) | 53 | 64 | 73 | 294 | 169 | 83 | 70 | 55 | |||
| Change at end-of-period | 39 | 63 | 182 | 251 | 108 | 78 | 65 | 49 | |||
| Goods (period average) | 50 | 65 | 76 | 304 | 162 | 74 | 63 | 50 | |||
| Food | 50 | 70 | 76 | 313 | 165 | 74 | 63 | 51 | |||
| Nonfood | 52 | 48 | 74 | 274 | 152 | 79 | 64 | 47 | |||
| Services (period average) | 67 | 56 | 56 | 212 | 255 | 193 | 148 | 100 | |||
| Producer prices (period average) | 34 | 88 | 72 | 356 | 186 | 133 | 95 | 56 | |||
| Change at end-of-period | 31 | 89 | 200 | 245 | 168 | 119 | 80 | 47 | |||
| Industrial goods | 26 | 95 | 216 | 220 | 192 | 132 | 86 | 48 | |||
| Consumer goods | 42 | 81 | 179 | 291 | 136 | 101 | 70 | 46 | |||
| Minimum wage (end-of-period, year-on-year) | 67 | 100 | 75 | 314 | 148 | 159 | 119 | 188 | |||
| Average monthly wage | 61 | 87 | 104 | 322 | 201 | 121 | 118 | 125 | |||
| Real wage (period average, year-on-year) | 5 | 14 | 18 | 7 | 12 | 21 | 28 | 45 | |||
Belarus: Price and Wage Developments, 1996-2001 (Q3)
(Percentage change from previous period)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | |||||||||
| Consumer prices (period average) | 53 | 64 | 73 | 294 | 169 | 83 | 70 | 55 | |||
| Change at end-of-period | 39 | 63 | 182 | 251 | 108 | 78 | 65 | 49 | |||
| Goods (period average) | 50 | 65 | 76 | 304 | 162 | 74 | 63 | 50 | |||
| Food | 50 | 70 | 76 | 313 | 165 | 74 | 63 | 51 | |||
| Nonfood | 52 | 48 | 74 | 274 | 152 | 79 | 64 | 47 | |||
| Services (period average) | 67 | 56 | 56 | 212 | 255 | 193 | 148 | 100 | |||
| Producer prices (period average) | 34 | 88 | 72 | 356 | 186 | 133 | 95 | 56 | |||
| Change at end-of-period | 31 | 89 | 200 | 245 | 168 | 119 | 80 | 47 | |||
| Industrial goods | 26 | 95 | 216 | 220 | 192 | 132 | 86 | 48 | |||
| Consumer goods | 42 | 81 | 179 | 291 | 136 | 101 | 70 | 46 | |||
| Minimum wage (end-of-period, year-on-year) | 67 | 100 | 75 | 314 | 148 | 159 | 119 | 188 | |||
| Average monthly wage | 61 | 87 | 104 | 322 | 201 | 121 | 118 | 125 | |||
| Real wage (period average, year-on-year) | 5 | 14 | 18 | 7 | 12 | 21 | 28 | 45 | |||
Belarus: Money Income and Expenditures of the Population, 1996-2001 (Q2)
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 removing three zeros from the currency.
Beginning in January 2000, the item “Revenues from the financial system” is removed from the revenue side of the income balance. The reason for this is th credits received from the population are not current revenues, but equivalent to a change in financial assets. They are included in the item “Accumulation of sav in deposit accounts, securities, and foreign currency purchases” on the expenditure side.
Including securities and foreign exchange deposits; expressed as a percentage of money income as defined for tax purposes.
Belarus: Money Income and Expenditures of the Population, 1996-2001 (Q2)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | |||||||
| (In millions of rubels) 1/ | ||||||||
| Money incomes | 137 | 238 | 492 | 1,872 | 6,011 | 2,132 | 2,765 | |
| Salaries and wages of workers, and employees of collective farms | 64 | 127 | 245 | 1,019 | 3,119 | 1,122 | 1,527 | |
| Revenues from sale of agricultural products | 2 | 3 | 8 | 39 | 95 | 11 | 35 | |
| Pensions, benefits, and scholarships | 23 | 42 | 83 | 335 | 1,079 | 435 | 516 | |
| Revenues from financial system 2/ | 2 | 8 | 18 | 53 | … | … | … | |
| Revenues of population from officially unaccounted business and other activities | 47 | 57 | 138 | 426 | 1,718 | 564 | 687 | |
| Expenditures | 135 | 233 | 485 | 1,842 | 5,935 | 2,128 | 2,706 | |
| Consumption of goods and payments for services | 100 | 186 | 388 | 1,597 | 4,566 | 1,613 | 1,991 | |
| Taxes and other obligatory payments and voluntary contributions | 8 | 23 | 43 | 165 | 522 | 183 | 218 | |
| Accumulation of savings in deposit accounts, securities, and foreign currency purchases | 27 | 24 | 53 | 79 | 847 | 332 | 497 | |
| Unallocated income | 2 | 5 | 7 | 30 | 76 | 4 | 59 | |
| (As a percent of income) | ||||||||
| Salaries and wages of workers, and employees of collective farms | 46.4 | 53.4 | 49.9 | 54.4 | 51.9 | 52.6 | 55.2 | |
| Revenues from sale of agricultural products | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 1.3 | |
| Pensions, benefits, and scholarships | 16.9 | 17.7 | 16.8 | 17.9 | 18.0 | 20.4 | 18.7 | |
| Revenues from financial system 2/ | 1.2 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 2.8 | … | … | … | |
| Revenues of population from officially unaccounted business and other activities | 34.3 | 24.1 | 28.1 | 22.8 | 28.6 | 26.5 | 24.8 | |
| Saving rate 3/ | 21 | 11 | 12 | 5 | 15 | 17 | 20 | |
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 removing three zeros from the currency.
Beginning in January 2000, the item “Revenues from the financial system” is removed from the revenue side of the income balance. The reason for this is th credits received from the population are not current revenues, but equivalent to a change in financial assets. They are included in the item “Accumulation of sav in deposit accounts, securities, and foreign currency purchases” on the expenditure side.
Including securities and foreign exchange deposits; expressed as a percentage of money income as defined for tax purposes.
Belarus: Money Income and Expenditures of the Population, 1996-2001 (Q2)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | |||||||
| (In millions of rubels) 1/ | ||||||||
| Money incomes | 137 | 238 | 492 | 1,872 | 6,011 | 2,132 | 2,765 | |
| Salaries and wages of workers, and employees of collective farms | 64 | 127 | 245 | 1,019 | 3,119 | 1,122 | 1,527 | |
| Revenues from sale of agricultural products | 2 | 3 | 8 | 39 | 95 | 11 | 35 | |
| Pensions, benefits, and scholarships | 23 | 42 | 83 | 335 | 1,079 | 435 | 516 | |
| Revenues from financial system 2/ | 2 | 8 | 18 | 53 | … | … | … | |
| Revenues of population from officially unaccounted business and other activities | 47 | 57 | 138 | 426 | 1,718 | 564 | 687 | |
| Expenditures | 135 | 233 | 485 | 1,842 | 5,935 | 2,128 | 2,706 | |
| Consumption of goods and payments for services | 100 | 186 | 388 | 1,597 | 4,566 | 1,613 | 1,991 | |
| Taxes and other obligatory payments and voluntary contributions | 8 | 23 | 43 | 165 | 522 | 183 | 218 | |
| Accumulation of savings in deposit accounts, securities, and foreign currency purchases | 27 | 24 | 53 | 79 | 847 | 332 | 497 | |
| Unallocated income | 2 | 5 | 7 | 30 | 76 | 4 | 59 | |
| (As a percent of income) | ||||||||
| Salaries and wages of workers, and employees of collective farms | 46.4 | 53.4 | 49.9 | 54.4 | 51.9 | 52.6 | 55.2 | |
| Revenues from sale of agricultural products | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 1.3 | |
| Pensions, benefits, and scholarships | 16.9 | 17.7 | 16.8 | 17.9 | 18.0 | 20.4 | 18.7 | |
| Revenues from financial system 2/ | 1.2 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 2.8 | … | … | … | |
| Revenues of population from officially unaccounted business and other activities | 34.3 | 24.1 | 28.1 | 22.8 | 28.6 | 26.5 | 24.8 | |
| Saving rate 3/ | 21 | 11 | 12 | 5 | 15 | 17 | 20 | |
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 removing three zeros from the currency.
Beginning in January 2000, the item “Revenues from the financial system” is removed from the revenue side of the income balance. The reason for this is th credits received from the population are not current revenues, but equivalent to a change in financial assets. They are included in the item “Accumulation of sav in deposit accounts, securities, and foreign currency purchases” on the expenditure side.
Including securities and foreign exchange deposits; expressed as a percentage of money income as defined for tax purposes.
Belarus: Labor Market Indicators, 1996-2001 (Q2)
Average employment during the year for annual data; end-of-period data for Q1 2000.
Unemployed is any able-bodied person without a job other than: those engaged in business, those in education or training, or those serving in the armed fore The definition was widened in 1993.
Unemployed for more than one year.
Number of registered unemployed expressed as a percentage of the economically active population.
Working-age population comprises all people able to work older than 16 years and below the retirement age. The economically active population excludes, among others, students, housewives, and members of the armed forces.
Defined as the economically active population in percent of total population.
Women on leave for maternity or caring for children under three years of age are exluded from the economically active population.
Belarus: Labor Market Indicators, 1996-2001 (Q2)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | |||||||||
| (In thousands of persons) | ||||||||||
| Employment 1/ | 4,365 | 4,370 | 4,417 | 4,442 | 4,441 | 4,344 | 4,315 | |||
| Job leavers | 769 | 779 | 870 | 904 | 888 | 190 | 220 | |||
| Jobs taken up | 678 | 797 | 894 | 894 | 850 | 176 | 194 | |||
| Number of unemployed at the end of the period 2/ | ||||||||||
| Officially recognized | 183 | 126 | 106 | 95 | 96 | 105 | 99 | |||
| Of which: | ||||||||||
| Benefit recipients | 85 | 49 | 41 | 36 | 38 | 42 | 38 | |||
| Long-term unemployed 3/ | 28 | 31 | 20 | 16 | 12 | … | 12 | |||
| Activity of the Employment Bureau | ||||||||||
| Applications from job seekers | 300 | 271 | 309 | 284 | 299 | 67 | 77 | |||
| Placements | 150 | 208 | 241 | 223 | 224 | 38 | 63 | |||
| Vacancies | 16 | 29 | 30 | 38 | 33 | 36 | 42 | |||
| Unemployment rate (in percent) 4/ | 4.0 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 | |||
| Of which: | ||||||||||
| Benefit recipients (in percent) | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||
| Economically active population 5/ | 4,537 | 4,528 | 4,528 | 4,542 | 4,537 | … | … | |||
| (In percent) | ||||||||||
| Memorandum items: | ||||||||||
| Labor force participation rate 6/ | 44.7 | 44.8 | 45.0 | 45.3 | 45.3 | … | … | |||
| Economically active population as share of working-age population | 79.9 | 79.5 | 79.0 | 78.6 | 77.7 | … | … | |||
| Share of women in the labor force 7/ | 51.7 | 51.7 | 51.8 | 52.4 | 52.6 | … | … | |||
| Share of women in total number of unemployed | 63.8 | 66.6 | 66.7 | 64.2 | 60.7 | 58.1 | 58.1 | |||
Average employment during the year for annual data; end-of-period data for Q1 2000.
Unemployed is any able-bodied person without a job other than: those engaged in business, those in education or training, or those serving in the armed fore The definition was widened in 1993.
Unemployed for more than one year.
Number of registered unemployed expressed as a percentage of the economically active population.
Working-age population comprises all people able to work older than 16 years and below the retirement age. The economically active population excludes, among others, students, housewives, and members of the armed forces.
Defined as the economically active population in percent of total population.
Women on leave for maternity or caring for children under three years of age are exluded from the economically active population.
Belarus: Labor Market Indicators, 1996-2001 (Q2)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | |||||||||
| (In thousands of persons) | ||||||||||
| Employment 1/ | 4,365 | 4,370 | 4,417 | 4,442 | 4,441 | 4,344 | 4,315 | |||
| Job leavers | 769 | 779 | 870 | 904 | 888 | 190 | 220 | |||
| Jobs taken up | 678 | 797 | 894 | 894 | 850 | 176 | 194 | |||
| Number of unemployed at the end of the period 2/ | ||||||||||
| Officially recognized | 183 | 126 | 106 | 95 | 96 | 105 | 99 | |||
| Of which: | ||||||||||
| Benefit recipients | 85 | 49 | 41 | 36 | 38 | 42 | 38 | |||
| Long-term unemployed 3/ | 28 | 31 | 20 | 16 | 12 | … | 12 | |||
| Activity of the Employment Bureau | ||||||||||
| Applications from job seekers | 300 | 271 | 309 | 284 | 299 | 67 | 77 | |||
| Placements | 150 | 208 | 241 | 223 | 224 | 38 | 63 | |||
| Vacancies | 16 | 29 | 30 | 38 | 33 | 36 | 42 | |||
| Unemployment rate (in percent) 4/ | 4.0 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 | |||
| Of which: | ||||||||||
| Benefit recipients (in percent) | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||
| Economically active population 5/ | 4,537 | 4,528 | 4,528 | 4,542 | 4,537 | … | … | |||
| (In percent) | ||||||||||
| Memorandum items: | ||||||||||
| Labor force participation rate 6/ | 44.7 | 44.8 | 45.0 | 45.3 | 45.3 | … | … | |||
| Economically active population as share of working-age population | 79.9 | 79.5 | 79.0 | 78.6 | 77.7 | … | … | |||
| Share of women in the labor force 7/ | 51.7 | 51.7 | 51.8 | 52.4 | 52.6 | … | … | |||
| Share of women in total number of unemployed | 63.8 | 66.6 | 66.7 | 64.2 | 60.7 | 58.1 | 58.1 | |||
Average employment during the year for annual data; end-of-period data for Q1 2000.
Unemployed is any able-bodied person without a job other than: those engaged in business, those in education or training, or those serving in the armed fore The definition was widened in 1993.
Unemployed for more than one year.
Number of registered unemployed expressed as a percentage of the economically active population.
Working-age population comprises all people able to work older than 16 years and below the retirement age. The economically active population excludes, among others, students, housewives, and members of the armed forces.
Defined as the economically active population in percent of total population.
Women on leave for maternity or caring for children under three years of age are exluded from the economically active population.
Belarus: Average Monthly Employment by Sector, 1997-2001 (Q2)
Based on comprehensive annual survey data that include enterprises of all types of ownership (including small businesses) and individuals engaged in private enterprises.
Approximately two thirds from collective farms.
Belarus: Average Monthly Employment by Sector, 1997-2001 (Q2)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||||||||
| (In thousands) | (Percentage change over previous period) | |||||||||||||
| Annual survey 1/ | 4,370 | 4,417 | 4,442 | 4,441 | 4,344 | 4,315 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | -1.0 | -1.2 | ||
| Monthly survey | 3,708 | 3,738 | 3,745 | 3,667 | 3,599 | 3,635 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.2 | -2.1 | -1.1 | -1.1 | ||
| Good-producing sectors | 2,063 | 2,036 | 1,993 | 1,929 | 1,843 | 1,890 | -1.2 | -2.1 | -3.2 | -4.5 | -3.3 | … | ||
| Industry | 1,072 | 1,073 | 1,084 | 1,074 | 1,055 | 1,058 | -0.8 | 0.1 | 1.0 | -0.9 | -1.5 | -1.9 | ||
| Agriculture 2/ | 738 | 698 | 646 | 607 | 553 | 590 | -2.8 | -5.4 | -7.4 | -6.0 | -4.8 | -4.5 | ||
| Construction | 253 | 265 | 263 | 248 | 235 | 242 | 2.0 | 4.7 | -0.8 | -5.7 | -7.5 | -4.1 | ||
| Sevice-producing sectors | 1,645 | 1,702 | 1,752 | 1,738 | 1,756 | 1,745 | 3.0 | 2.9 | -0.8 | 1.0 | 0.2 | … | ||
| Transport and communication | 279 | 284 | 286 | 276 | 269 | 269 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 0.7 | -3.5 | -2.2 | -2.8 | ||
| Trade and related services | 227 | 238 | 249 | 254 | 256 | 251 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 2.0 | 0.4 | -0.3 | ||
| Communal services | 128 | 133 | 141 | 151 | 157 | 153 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 6.0 | 7.1 | 6.1 | 2.5 | ||
| Health and social services | 271 | 279 | 283 | 283 | 285 | 287 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 2.0 | ||
| Education, culture, and science | 489 | 506 | 521 | 528 | 540 | 537 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 2.7 | ||
| Banks and insurance | 46 | 49 | 52 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 2.2 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 2.6 | ||
| Administration | 75 | 78 | 82 | 80 | 82 | 82 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 5.1 | -2.4 | 2.5 | 2.7 | ||
| Other | 130 | 135 | 138 | 111 | 111 | 110 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 2.2 | -19.6 | 0.9 | 1.1 | ||
| (Share in total) | (percentage change of share in total) | |||||||||||||
| Good-producing sectors | 55.7 | 54.5 | 53.1 | 52.7 | 51.2 | 51.9 | -1.7 | -2.6 | -0.8 | -2.8 | -2.3 | … | ||
| Industry | 28.9 | 28.7 | 28.9 | 29.3 | 29.3 | 29.1 | -1.3 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.0 | -1.0 | … | ||
| Agriculture 2/ | 19.9 | 18.7 | 17.2 | 16.6 | 15.4 | 16.2 | -3.4 | -8.0 | -3.5 | -7.2 | 1.3 | … | ||
| Construction | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 1.5 | -1.4 | -2.9 | -4.4 | -5.7 | … | ||
| Sevice-producing sectors | 44.6 | 45.5 | 46.9 | 47.3 | 48.8 | 48.1 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 2.5 | … | ||
| Transport and communication | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | -1.3 | 0.0 | -1.3 | … | ||
| Trade and related services | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 1.4 | … | ||
| Communal services | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.2 | -0.6 | 8.6 | 7.9 | 7.3 | 7.3 | … | ||
| Health and social services | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 1.3 | … | ||
| Education, culture, and science | 13.2 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 14.4 | 15.0 | 14.8 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 3.4 | … | ||
| Banks and insurance | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | … | ||
| Administration | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | -0.5 | 4.8 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 9.5 | … | ||
| Other | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 10.0 | 2.8 | -18.9 | 3.3 | 3.3 | … | ||
Based on comprehensive annual survey data that include enterprises of all types of ownership (including small businesses) and individuals engaged in private enterprises.
Approximately two thirds from collective farms.
Belarus: Average Monthly Employment by Sector, 1997-2001 (Q2)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q1 | Q2 | |||||||||||
| (In thousands) | (Percentage change over previous period) | |||||||||||||
| Annual survey 1/ | 4,370 | 4,417 | 4,442 | 4,441 | 4,344 | 4,315 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | -1.0 | -1.2 | ||
| Monthly survey | 3,708 | 3,738 | 3,745 | 3,667 | 3,599 | 3,635 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.2 | -2.1 | -1.1 | -1.1 | ||
| Good-producing sectors | 2,063 | 2,036 | 1,993 | 1,929 | 1,843 | 1,890 | -1.2 | -2.1 | -3.2 | -4.5 | -3.3 | … | ||
| Industry | 1,072 | 1,073 | 1,084 | 1,074 | 1,055 | 1,058 | -0.8 | 0.1 | 1.0 | -0.9 | -1.5 | -1.9 | ||
| Agriculture 2/ | 738 | 698 | 646 | 607 | 553 | 590 | -2.8 | -5.4 | -7.4 | -6.0 | -4.8 | -4.5 | ||
| Construction | 253 | 265 | 263 | 248 | 235 | 242 | 2.0 | 4.7 | -0.8 | -5.7 | -7.5 | -4.1 | ||
| Sevice-producing sectors | 1,645 | 1,702 | 1,752 | 1,738 | 1,756 | 1,745 | 3.0 | 2.9 | -0.8 | 1.0 | 0.2 | … | ||
| Transport and communication | 279 | 284 | 286 | 276 | 269 | 269 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 0.7 | -3.5 | -2.2 | -2.8 | ||
| Trade and related services | 227 | 238 | 249 | 254 | 256 | 251 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 2.0 | 0.4 | -0.3 | ||
| Communal services | 128 | 133 | 141 | 151 | 157 | 153 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 6.0 | 7.1 | 6.1 | 2.5 | ||
| Health and social services | 271 | 279 | 283 | 283 | 285 | 287 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 2.0 | ||
| Education, culture, and science | 489 | 506 | 521 | 528 | 540 | 537 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 2.7 | ||
| Banks and insurance | 46 | 49 | 52 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 2.2 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 2.6 | ||
| Administration | 75 | 78 | 82 | 80 | 82 | 82 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 5.1 | -2.4 | 2.5 | 2.7 | ||
| Other | 130 | 135 | 138 | 111 | 111 | 110 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 2.2 | -19.6 | 0.9 | 1.1 | ||
| (Share in total) | (percentage change of share in total) | |||||||||||||
| Good-producing sectors | 55.7 | 54.5 | 53.1 | 52.7 | 51.2 | 51.9 | -1.7 | -2.6 | -0.8 | -2.8 | -2.3 | … | ||
| Industry | 28.9 | 28.7 | 28.9 | 29.3 | 29.3 | 29.1 | -1.3 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.0 | -1.0 | … | ||
| Agriculture 2/ | 19.9 | 18.7 | 17.2 | 16.6 | 15.4 | 16.2 | -3.4 | -8.0 | -3.5 | -7.2 | 1.3 | … | ||
| Construction | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 1.5 | -1.4 | -2.9 | -4.4 | -5.7 | … | ||
| Sevice-producing sectors | 44.6 | 45.5 | 46.9 | 47.3 | 48.8 | 48.1 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 2.5 | … | ||
| Transport and communication | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | -1.3 | 0.0 | -1.3 | … | ||
| Trade and related services | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 1.4 | … | ||
| Communal services | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.2 | -0.6 | 8.6 | 7.9 | 7.3 | 7.3 | … | ||
| Health and social services | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 1.3 | … | ||
| Education, culture, and science | 13.2 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 14.4 | 15.0 | 14.8 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 3.4 | … | ||
| Banks and insurance | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | … | ||
| Administration | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | -0.5 | 4.8 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 9.5 | … | ||
| Other | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 10.0 | 2.8 | -18.9 | 3.3 | 3.3 | … | ||
Based on comprehensive annual survey data that include enterprises of all types of ownership (including small businesses) and individuals engaged in private enterprises.
Approximately two thirds from collective farms.
Belarus: Enterprise Profits and Losses, 1996-2001 (Q2)
Profitability is defined as profits from sales as percentage of cost of sold products. With the exception of power generation, enterprises in this sample are those with an exclusively positive profitability.
Includes state and collective farms.
Belarus: Enterprise Profits and Losses, 1996-2001 (Q2)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| (Profitability of enterprises) 1/ | |||||||||
| Total economy | 9.7 | 10.1 | 10.9 | 15.2 | 13.2 | 9.8 | 9.6 | ||
| Industry | 10.6 | 13.2 | 14.5 | 17.1 | 15.7 | 12.9 | 12.3 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Power generation | 2.7 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 10.2 | 8.9 | ||
| Refineries | 24.4 | 23.7 | 19.9 | 31.5 | 41.7 | 24.4 | 27.0 | ||
| Ferrous metallurgy | 12.0 | 14.4 | 16.9 | 13.5 | 22.6 | 7.8 | 6.5 | ||
| Chemicals | 10.4 | 14.5 | 20.9 | 27.1 | 26.3 | 14.4 | 13.9 | ||
| Petrochemicals | 9.4 | 10.8 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 0.2 | -8.7 | 3.5 | ||
| Machine building | 9.1 | 15.4 | 15.6 | 17.9 | 14.4 | 15.5 | 14.1 | ||
| Wood and paper | 13.4 | 17.5 | 21.3 | 17.7 | 9.9 | 8.5 | 8.7 | ||
| Construction materials | 5.9 | 8.6 | 6.4 | 8.1 | 5.0 | -1.8 | 2.0 | ||
| Light industry | 11.0 | 14.5 | 20.7 | 22.6 | 14.3 | 7.3 | 6.7 | ||
| Food industry | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.9 | 13.4 | 9.0 | 7.6 | 8.3 | ||
| Agriculture 2/ | 10.2 | 11.3 | 2.7 | 11.9 | 3.0 | … | … | ||
| Collective farms | 11.5 | 13.8 | 3.2 | 12.4 | … | … | … | ||
| State farms | 8.6 | 7.6 | 1.5 | 11.1 | … | … | … | ||
| (Number of loss-making enterprises) | |||||||||
| Total | 1,737 | 1,351 | 1,815 | 1,935 | 2,670 | 4,592 | 4,194 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Industry | 324 | 264 | 246 | 209 | 449 | 830 | 798 | ||
| Agriculture 2/ | 471 | 369 | 1,170 | 1,121 | 1,177 | … | … | ||
| (Share of loss-making enterprises per sector in percent) | |||||||||
| Total economy | 18.4 | 12.3 | 16.2 | 16.9 | 23.4 | 40.1 | 35.8 | ||
| Industry | 17.6 | 11.8 | 10.5 | 8.8 | 18.8 | 33.6 | 32.0 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Power generation | … | 0.0 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 12.5 | ||
| Refineries | … | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Ferrous metallurgy | … | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 0.0 | 11.8 | 12.5 | ||
| Chemicals | 11.1 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 7.7 | 11.5 | 25.5 | 27.8 | ||
| Petrochemicals | … | … | 10.0 | 12.5 | 75.0 | 42.9 | 28.6 | ||
| Machine building | 13.4 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 16.5 | 25.8 | 24.8 | ||
| Wood and paper | 9.1 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 16.7 | 27.9 | 33.2 | ||
| Construction materials | 33.8 | 24.4 | 22.0 | 19.9 | 35.3 | 57.1 | 52.1 | ||
| Light industry | 39.0 | 22.2 | 15.5 | 13.1 | 28.6 | 48.2 | 49.0 | ||
| Food industry | 9.8 | 7.5 | 5.4 | 2.9 | 12.2 | 34.9 | 25.9 | ||
Profitability is defined as profits from sales as percentage of cost of sold products. With the exception of power generation, enterprises in this sample are those with an exclusively positive profitability.
Includes state and collective farms.
Belarus: Enterprise Profits and Losses, 1996-2001 (Q2)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| (Profitability of enterprises) 1/ | |||||||||
| Total economy | 9.7 | 10.1 | 10.9 | 15.2 | 13.2 | 9.8 | 9.6 | ||
| Industry | 10.6 | 13.2 | 14.5 | 17.1 | 15.7 | 12.9 | 12.3 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Power generation | 2.7 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 10.2 | 8.9 | ||
| Refineries | 24.4 | 23.7 | 19.9 | 31.5 | 41.7 | 24.4 | 27.0 | ||
| Ferrous metallurgy | 12.0 | 14.4 | 16.9 | 13.5 | 22.6 | 7.8 | 6.5 | ||
| Chemicals | 10.4 | 14.5 | 20.9 | 27.1 | 26.3 | 14.4 | 13.9 | ||
| Petrochemicals | 9.4 | 10.8 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 0.2 | -8.7 | 3.5 | ||
| Machine building | 9.1 | 15.4 | 15.6 | 17.9 | 14.4 | 15.5 | 14.1 | ||
| Wood and paper | 13.4 | 17.5 | 21.3 | 17.7 | 9.9 | 8.5 | 8.7 | ||
| Construction materials | 5.9 | 8.6 | 6.4 | 8.1 | 5.0 | -1.8 | 2.0 | ||
| Light industry | 11.0 | 14.5 | 20.7 | 22.6 | 14.3 | 7.3 | 6.7 | ||
| Food industry | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.9 | 13.4 | 9.0 | 7.6 | 8.3 | ||
| Agriculture 2/ | 10.2 | 11.3 | 2.7 | 11.9 | 3.0 | … | … | ||
| Collective farms | 11.5 | 13.8 | 3.2 | 12.4 | … | … | … | ||
| State farms | 8.6 | 7.6 | 1.5 | 11.1 | … | … | … | ||
| (Number of loss-making enterprises) | |||||||||
| Total | 1,737 | 1,351 | 1,815 | 1,935 | 2,670 | 4,592 | 4,194 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Industry | 324 | 264 | 246 | 209 | 449 | 830 | 798 | ||
| Agriculture 2/ | 471 | 369 | 1,170 | 1,121 | 1,177 | … | … | ||
| (Share of loss-making enterprises per sector in percent) | |||||||||
| Total economy | 18.4 | 12.3 | 16.2 | 16.9 | 23.4 | 40.1 | 35.8 | ||
| Industry | 17.6 | 11.8 | 10.5 | 8.8 | 18.8 | 33.6 | 32.0 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||||
| Power generation | … | 0.0 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 12.5 | ||
| Refineries | … | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Ferrous metallurgy | … | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 0.0 | 11.8 | 12.5 | ||
| Chemicals | 11.1 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 7.7 | 11.5 | 25.5 | 27.8 | ||
| Petrochemicals | … | … | 10.0 | 12.5 | 75.0 | 42.9 | 28.6 | ||
| Machine building | 13.4 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 16.5 | 25.8 | 24.8 | ||
| Wood and paper | 9.1 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 16.7 | 27.9 | 33.2 | ||
| Construction materials | 33.8 | 24.4 | 22.0 | 19.9 | 35.3 | 57.1 | 52.1 | ||
| Light industry | 39.0 | 22.2 | 15.5 | 13.1 | 28.6 | 48.2 | 49.0 | ||
| Food industry | 9.8 | 7.5 | 5.4 | 2.9 | 12.2 | 34.9 | 25.9 | ||
Profitability is defined as profits from sales as percentage of cost of sold products. With the exception of power generation, enterprises in this sample are those with an exclusively positive profitability.
Includes state and collective farms.
Belarus: Interenterprise Arrears and the Barter Economy, 1998-2001 (Q2)
(End-of-period stocks in current prices)
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Overdue accounts payable only include overdue payments to the republican and local governments, workers, and to other entities for goods and services.
Belarus: Interenterprise Arrears and the Barter Economy, 1998-2001 (Q2)
(End-of-period stocks in current prices)
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Jan-June | Q1 | Jan-June | |||||||||
| (In billions of rubels) | (in percent of GDP) | |||||||||||
| Overdue accounts receivable | ||||||||||||
| Total | 110 | 419 | 1,658 | 2,015 | 2,412 | 15.6 | 13.9 | 18.2 | 64.3 | 34.3 | ||
| Industry | 41 | 199 | 843 | 1,038 | 1,288 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 9.2 | 33.1 | 18.3 | ||
| Agriculture | 1 | 6 | 22 | 28 | 32 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | ||
| Construction | 3 | 9 | 39 | 46 | 65 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.9 | ||
| Transport | 40 | 95 | 331 | 363 | 398 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 11.6 | 5.7 | ||
| Communications | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||
| Trade and public catering | 1 | 3 | 14 | 26 | 31 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.4 | ||
| Supply and sales | 5 | 21 | 83 | 61 | 70 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 1.0 | ||
| Housing and communal services | 18 | 85 | 319 | 412 | 474 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 13.1 | 6.7 | ||
| Overdue accounts payable 2/ | ||||||||||||
| Total | 156 | 555 | 2,043 | 2,457 | 2,855 | 23.1 | 18.3 | 22.4 | 78.4 | 40.6 | ||
| Industry | 76 | 311 | 1,198 | 1,345 | 1,537 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 13.1 | 42.9 | 21.9 | ||
| Agriculture | 14 | 63 | 235 | 334 | 434 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 10.7 | 6.2 | ||
| Construction | 3 | 8 | 32 | 39 | 50 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.7 | ||
| Transport | 29 | 66 | 176 | 239 | 259 | 4.1 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 7.6 | 3.7 | ||
| Communications | 1 | 3 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | ||
| Trade and public catering | 3 | 14 | 70 | 88 | 95 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 1.4 | ||
| Supply and sales | 11 | 16 | 42 | 39 | 46 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.7 | ||
| Housing and communal services | 19 | 74 | 274 | 351 | 405 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 11.2 | 5.8 | ||
| Barter transactions | ||||||||||||
| Total | 254 | 1,088 | 3,650 | 1,479 | 3,210 | 36.2 | 35.9 | 40.0 | 47.2 | 45.7 | ||
| Industry | 217 | 930 | 2,936 | 1,214 | 2,605 | 30.9 | 30.7 | 32.2 | 38.7 | 37.1 | ||
| Agriculture | 12 | 49 | 185 | 54 | 133 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.9 | ||
| Construction | 8 | 35 | 92 | 35 | 96 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.4 | ||
| Transport | 2 | 10 | 27 | 10 | 20 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||
| Communications | 1 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||
| Trade and public catering | 3 | 11 | 90 | 29 | 72 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | ||
| Supply and sales | 3 | 19 | 107 | 16 | 46 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.7 | ||
| Storage | ||||||||||||
| Housing and communal services | 7 | 28 | 189 | 101 | 180 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 2.6 | ||
| Memorandum item: | ||||||||||||
| Gross domestic product | 702 | 3,026 | 9,126 | 3,134 | 7,028 | … | … | … | … | … | ||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Overdue accounts payable only include overdue payments to the republican and local governments, workers, and to other entities for goods and services.
Belarus: Interenterprise Arrears and the Barter Economy, 1998-2001 (Q2)
(End-of-period stocks in current prices)
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Jan-June | Q1 | Jan-June | |||||||||
| (In billions of rubels) | (in percent of GDP) | |||||||||||
| Overdue accounts receivable | ||||||||||||
| Total | 110 | 419 | 1,658 | 2,015 | 2,412 | 15.6 | 13.9 | 18.2 | 64.3 | 34.3 | ||
| Industry | 41 | 199 | 843 | 1,038 | 1,288 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 9.2 | 33.1 | 18.3 | ||
| Agriculture | 1 | 6 | 22 | 28 | 32 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | ||
| Construction | 3 | 9 | 39 | 46 | 65 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.9 | ||
| Transport | 40 | 95 | 331 | 363 | 398 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 11.6 | 5.7 | ||
| Communications | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||
| Trade and public catering | 1 | 3 | 14 | 26 | 31 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.4 | ||
| Supply and sales | 5 | 21 | 83 | 61 | 70 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 1.0 | ||
| Housing and communal services | 18 | 85 | 319 | 412 | 474 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 13.1 | 6.7 | ||
| Overdue accounts payable 2/ | ||||||||||||
| Total | 156 | 555 | 2,043 | 2,457 | 2,855 | 23.1 | 18.3 | 22.4 | 78.4 | 40.6 | ||
| Industry | 76 | 311 | 1,198 | 1,345 | 1,537 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 13.1 | 42.9 | 21.9 | ||
| Agriculture | 14 | 63 | 235 | 334 | 434 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 10.7 | 6.2 | ||
| Construction | 3 | 8 | 32 | 39 | 50 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.7 | ||
| Transport | 29 | 66 | 176 | 239 | 259 | 4.1 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 7.6 | 3.7 | ||
| Communications | 1 | 3 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | ||
| Trade and public catering | 3 | 14 | 70 | 88 | 95 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 1.4 | ||
| Supply and sales | 11 | 16 | 42 | 39 | 46 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.7 | ||
| Housing and communal services | 19 | 74 | 274 | 351 | 405 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 11.2 | 5.8 | ||
| Barter transactions | ||||||||||||
| Total | 254 | 1,088 | 3,650 | 1,479 | 3,210 | 36.2 | 35.9 | 40.0 | 47.2 | 45.7 | ||
| Industry | 217 | 930 | 2,936 | 1,214 | 2,605 | 30.9 | 30.7 | 32.2 | 38.7 | 37.1 | ||
| Agriculture | 12 | 49 | 185 | 54 | 133 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.9 | ||
| Construction | 8 | 35 | 92 | 35 | 96 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.4 | ||
| Transport | 2 | 10 | 27 | 10 | 20 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | ||
| Communications | 1 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||
| Trade and public catering | 3 | 11 | 90 | 29 | 72 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | ||
| Supply and sales | 3 | 19 | 107 | 16 | 46 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.7 | ||
| Storage | ||||||||||||
| Housing and communal services | 7 | 28 | 189 | 101 | 180 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 2.6 | ||
| Memorandum item: | ||||||||||||
| Gross domestic product | 702 | 3,026 | 9,126 | 3,134 | 7,028 | … | … | … | … | … | ||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Overdue accounts payable only include overdue payments to the republican and local governments, workers, and to other entities for goods and services.
Belarus: Sectoral Distribution of Energy Debts of Enterprises, 1998-2001 (Q2) 1/
These debts are not necessarily overdue.
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Sectoral Distribution of Energy Debts of Enterprises, 1998-2001 (Q2) 1/
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | As of July 1, 2001 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Gas | Oil | Electricity | Total | Gas | oil | Electricity | Total | Gas | Oil | Electricity | Total | Gas | Oil | electricity | ||
| (In billions of rubels) | |||||||||||||||||
| Domestic debts | 96.02 | 60.31 | … | 33.71 | 377.25 | 206.44 | … | 160.88 | 1,486.00 | 749.00 | 0.05 | 695.00 | 1,936.00 | 922.00 | 9.00 | 946.00 | |
| Industry | 53.57 | 27.56 | … | 25.25 | 225.82 | 105.68 | … | 115.00 | 860.00 | 363.00 | 0.05 | 486.00 | 1076.00 | 437.00 | … | 628.00 | |
| Agriculture | 9.05 | 1.63 | … | 7.15 | 46.04 | 7.03 | … | 38.20 | 212.00 | 33.00 | … | 175.00 | 322.00 | 47.00 | … | 266.00 | |
| Transportation, including pipelines | 0.53 | 0.20 | … | 0.14 | 10.49 | 7.99 | … | 0.88 | 18.00 | 2.00 | … | 3.00 | 6.00 | 0.30 | … | 3.00 | |
| Communications | 0.00 | … | … | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.00 | … | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.00 | … | 1.00 | 2.00 | … | … | 2.00 | |
| Construction | 0.23 | 0.04 | … | 0.16 | 0.85 | 0.21 | … | 0.51 | 2.00 | 0.50 | … | 1.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | … | 2.00 | |
| Trade and public catering | 0.07 | 0.00 | … | 0.06 | 0.45 | 0.00 | … | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.01 | … | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | … | 1.00 | |
| Supply and sale | 0.58 | 0.00 | … | 0.05 | 0.86 | 0.00 | … | 0.28 | 8.00 | 0.00 | … | 1.00 | 8.00 | 0.00 | … | 1.00 | |
| Housing and communal services | 31.93 | 30.87 | … | 0.86 | 92.40 | 85.48 | … | 5.60 | 383.00 | 351.00 | … | 26.00 | 494.00 | 436.00 | … | 43.00 | |
| Other | 0.06 | 0.01 | … | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.03 | … | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | … | 1.00 | 22.00 | 0.70 | 9.00 | 0.00 | |
| (In millions of U.S. dollars) | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign debts | 0.37 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.13 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Industry | |||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.13 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Transportation, including pipelines | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Communications | 0.23 | 0.23 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Construction | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Trade and public catering | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Supply and sale | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Housing and communal services | 0.00 | 0.00 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Other | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| (In percent of domestic debt, total and by form of energy) | |||||||||||||||||
| Domestic debts by sector | |||||||||||||||||
| Industry | 56 | 46 | … | 75 | 60 | 51 | … | 71 | 58 | 48 | 100 | 70 | 56 | 47 | … | 66 | |
| Agriculture | 9 | 3 | … | 21 | 12 | … | … | 24 | 14 | 4 | … | 25 | 17 | 5 | … | 28 | |
| (In percent of external debt, total and by form of energy) | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign debts by sector | |||||||||||||||||
| Industry | 37 | 1 | 100 | 100 | 36 | … | 55 | 100 | 36 | 1 | 29 | 96 | 31 | 1 | 19 | 100 | |
| Transportation, including pipelines | 62 | 99 | … | … | 61 | 100 | … | … | 54 | 99 | … | … | 65 | 99 | … | … | |
| (In percent of GDP) | |||||||||||||||||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||||||||||
| Domestic energy debts | 14 | 9 | … | 5 | 12 | 7 | … | 5 | 16 | 8 | … | 8 | 28 | 13 | … | 13 | |
| Foreign energy debts | 6 | 4 | … | 2 | 3 | 2 | … | 1 | 3 | 2 | … | 1 | 5 | 3 | … | 1 | |
These debts are not necessarily overdue.
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Sectoral Distribution of Energy Debts of Enterprises, 1998-2001 (Q2) 1/
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | As of July 1, 2001 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Gas | Oil | Electricity | Total | Gas | oil | Electricity | Total | Gas | Oil | Electricity | Total | Gas | Oil | electricity | ||
| (In billions of rubels) | |||||||||||||||||
| Domestic debts | 96.02 | 60.31 | … | 33.71 | 377.25 | 206.44 | … | 160.88 | 1,486.00 | 749.00 | 0.05 | 695.00 | 1,936.00 | 922.00 | 9.00 | 946.00 | |
| Industry | 53.57 | 27.56 | … | 25.25 | 225.82 | 105.68 | … | 115.00 | 860.00 | 363.00 | 0.05 | 486.00 | 1076.00 | 437.00 | … | 628.00 | |
| Agriculture | 9.05 | 1.63 | … | 7.15 | 46.04 | 7.03 | … | 38.20 | 212.00 | 33.00 | … | 175.00 | 322.00 | 47.00 | … | 266.00 | |
| Transportation, including pipelines | 0.53 | 0.20 | … | 0.14 | 10.49 | 7.99 | … | 0.88 | 18.00 | 2.00 | … | 3.00 | 6.00 | 0.30 | … | 3.00 | |
| Communications | 0.00 | … | … | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.00 | … | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.00 | … | 1.00 | 2.00 | … | … | 2.00 | |
| Construction | 0.23 | 0.04 | … | 0.16 | 0.85 | 0.21 | … | 0.51 | 2.00 | 0.50 | … | 1.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | … | 2.00 | |
| Trade and public catering | 0.07 | 0.00 | … | 0.06 | 0.45 | 0.00 | … | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.01 | … | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | … | 1.00 | |
| Supply and sale | 0.58 | 0.00 | … | 0.05 | 0.86 | 0.00 | … | 0.28 | 8.00 | 0.00 | … | 1.00 | 8.00 | 0.00 | … | 1.00 | |
| Housing and communal services | 31.93 | 30.87 | … | 0.86 | 92.40 | 85.48 | … | 5.60 | 383.00 | 351.00 | … | 26.00 | 494.00 | 436.00 | … | 43.00 | |
| Other | 0.06 | 0.01 | … | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.03 | … | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | … | 1.00 | 22.00 | 0.70 | 9.00 | 0.00 | |
| (In millions of U.S. dollars) | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign debts | 0.37 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.13 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Industry | |||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.13 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Transportation, including pipelines | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Communications | 0.23 | 0.23 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Construction | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Trade and public catering | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Supply and sale | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Housing and communal services | 0.00 | 0.00 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Other | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| (In percent of domestic debt, total and by form of energy) | |||||||||||||||||
| Domestic debts by sector | |||||||||||||||||
| Industry | 56 | 46 | … | 75 | 60 | 51 | … | 71 | 58 | 48 | 100 | 70 | 56 | 47 | … | 66 | |
| Agriculture | 9 | 3 | … | 21 | 12 | … | … | 24 | 14 | 4 | … | 25 | 17 | 5 | … | 28 | |
| (In percent of external debt, total and by form of energy) | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign debts by sector | |||||||||||||||||
| Industry | 37 | 1 | 100 | 100 | 36 | … | 55 | 100 | 36 | 1 | 29 | 96 | 31 | 1 | 19 | 100 | |
| Transportation, including pipelines | 62 | 99 | … | … | 61 | 100 | … | … | 54 | 99 | … | … | 65 | 99 | … | … | |
| (In percent of GDP) | |||||||||||||||||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||||||||||
| Domestic energy debts | 14 | 9 | … | 5 | 12 | 7 | … | 5 | 16 | 8 | … | 8 | 28 | 13 | … | 13 | |
| Foreign energy debts | 6 | 4 | … | 2 | 3 | 2 | … | 1 | 3 | 2 | … | 1 | 5 | 3 | … | 1 | |
These debts are not necessarily overdue.
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: General Government Operations, 1996-2001 (Q3)
(In millions of rubels) 1/
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency. The data in this table are not strictly comparable to those in the staff report because this table includes item-by-item consolidations while fiscal tables in the staff report consolidate aggregate republican government budget, local budgets, budgetary funds, and Social Protection Fund.
Belarus: General Government Operations, 1996-2001 (Q3)
(In millions of rubels) 1/
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | ||||||||||
| Revenue and grants | 75,199 | 159,896 | 304,012 | 1,332,105 | 4,067,810 | 1,538,632 | 1,749,018 | 1,947,226 | ||||
| Revenue (excluding extrabudgetary funds) | 75,199 | 159,896 | 304,012 | 1,332,105 | 4,067,810 | 1,538,632 | 1,749,018 | 1,947,226 | ||||
| Current revenue | 74,539 | 158,362 | 300,993 | 1,322,558 | 4,034,348 | 1,531,889 | 1,717,603 | 1,933,867 | ||||
| Tax revenue | 68,707 | 150,038 | 280,539 | 1,231,549 | 3,728,886 | 1,358,435 | 1,612,234 | 1,810,027 | ||||
| Income, profits, capital gains | 12,735 | 28,195 | 55,995 | 235,750 | 716,609 | 285,853 | 312,823 | 333,274 | ||||
| Social security contributions | 15,796 | 31,639 | 61,394 | 262,858 | 816,569 | 302,257 | 363,606 | 443,659 | ||||
| Payroll taxes | 4,870 | 7,794 | 10,803 | 47,232 | 73,092 | 28,180 | 34,111 | 42,237 | ||||
| Taxes on property | 1,852 | 4,935 | 9,029 | 18,051 | 93,200 | 39,656 | 69,288 | 63,040 | ||||
| Domestic taxes on goods and services | 29,258 | 66,153 | 123,664 | 587,652 | 1,814,759 | 617,065 | 734,187 | 829,978 | ||||
| Taxes on international trade and transactions | 3,169 | 8,964 | 15,204 | 58,011 | 141,797 | 56,514 | 73,325 | 75,543 | ||||
| Other current revenue | … | … | 4,451 | 21,996 | 72,860 | 28,910 | 24,894 | 22,297 | ||||
| Nontax revenue | 5,833 | 8,325 | 20,454 | 91,009 | 305,463 | 173,454 | 105,369 | 123,840 | ||||
| Capital revenue | 660 | 1,533 | 3,019 | 9,546 | 33,461 | 6,743 | 31,415 | 13,359 | ||||
| Grants | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Fuctional classification | ||||||||||||
| Expenditure | 78,654 | 164,312 | 307,725 | 1,385,001 | 4,039,848 | 1,467,720 | 1,807,882 | 2,023,967 | ||||
| General public services | 3,721 | 8,727 | 15,266 | 59,800 | 169,567 | 49,249 | 77,731 | 81,697 | ||||
| Defense | 2,264 | 6,080 | 9,837 | 38,741 | 115,248 | 39,491 | 48,296 | 71,567 | ||||
| Public order | 2,979 | 4,985 | 8,501 | 41,795 | 131,166 | 50,546 | 62,632 | 70,772 | ||||
| Education | 11,688 | 26,283 | 47,610 | 185,708 | 562,129 | 216,102 | 282,504 | 257,649 | ||||
| Health | 9,013 | 19,913 | 32,218 | 142,702 | 422,567 | 155,253 | 177,593 | 221,622 | ||||
| Social security and welfare | 19,872 | 36,592 | 70,887 | 286,161 | 926,407 | 356,617 | 461,694 | 523,916 | ||||
| Housing and communal amenities | 4,041 | 10,563 | 17,163 | 81,388 | 248,631 | 92,546 | 97,940 | 127,742 | ||||
| Recreation and culture | 1,629 | 4,292 | 7,719 | 28,581 | 95,158 | 30,843 | 42,780 | 46,241 | ||||
| Industry, construction, and energy sectors | 556 | 1,078 | 2,904 | 17,076 | 27,622 | 8,485 | 7,178 | 13,938 | ||||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting | 4,944 | 12,314 | 23,322 | 124,882 | 400,477 | 148,680 | 143,120 | 168,855 | ||||
| Mining, manufacturing, and construction | 120 | 1,640 | 887 | 3,399 | 7,240 | 2,071 | 2,893 | 3,504 | ||||
| Transport and communications | 4,352 | 11,663 | 22,416 | 103,210 | 270,789 | 101,747 | 113,223 | 127,349 | ||||
| Other economic affairs and services, including research | 1,799 | 6,217 | 19,857 | 27,368 | 81,194 | 23,618 | 32,751 | 21,290 | ||||
| Other expenditure, including disasters and emergencies | 11,678 | 13,964 | 29,138 | 244,190 | 581,652 | 192,473 | 257,548 | 287,826 | ||||
| Economic classification | ||||||||||||
| Expenditure and net lending | 78,654 | 164,312 | 307,725 | 1,385,001 | 4,039,848 | 1,467,720 | 1,807,882 | 2,023,967 | ||||
| Expenditure | 78,688 | 162,532 | 307,901 | 1,382,258 | 3,987,383 | 1,432,357 | 1,750,489 | 1,939,682 | ||||
| Current expenditure | 64,923 | 130,214 | 248,346 | 1,059,185 | 3,225,455 | 1,210,881 | 1,498,018 | 1,653,679 | ||||
| Expenditure on goods and services | 33,942 | 65,158 | 122,615 | 483,558 | 1,432,197 | 528,714 | 680,421 | 726,338 | ||||
| Wages and salaries | 15,274 | 28,438 | 54,389 | 221,065 | 696,699 | 272,727 | 419,574 | 418,517 | ||||
| Goods and services | 18,668 | 36,721 | 68,226 | 262,494 | 735,498 | 255,987 | 260,848 | 307,822 | ||||
| Interest payments | 1,227 | 2,374 | 5,087 | 19,512 | 76,686 | 26,393 | 17,800 | 53,644 | ||||
| Subsidies and current transfers | 29,754 | 62,682 | 120,644 | 556,115 | 1,716,571 | 655,774 | 799,797 | 873,697 | ||||
| Subsidies | 7,821 | 16,898 | 37,218 | 195,002 | 547,793 | 195,740 | 200,505 | 216,893 | ||||
| Transfers to households | 21,709 | 45,784 | 81,894 | 350,644 | 1,140,991 | 454,760 | 588,049 | 645,428 | ||||
| Transfers abroad | 224 | 0 | 1,532 | 10,469 | 27,787 | 5,275 | 11,244 | 11,376 | ||||
| Capital expenditure | 13,765 | 32,318 | 59,555 | 323,072 | 761,928 | 221,476 | 252,471 | 286,003 | ||||
| Net lending | -34 | 1,780 | -176 | 2,744 | 52,465 | 35,364 | 57,392 | 84,284 | ||||
| Balance | -3,455 | -4,416 | -3,713 | -52,897 | 27,962 | 70,912 | -58,864 | -76,741 | ||||
| Financing | 3,455 | 4,416 | 3,713 | 52,897 | -27,962 | -70,912 | 58,864 | 76,741 | ||||
| Foreign | -223 | 1,609 | -1,748 | -24,432 | -50,218 | -8,280 | -4,567 | -18,631 | ||||
| Domestic | 3,678 | 2,807 | 5,461 | 77,329 | 22,256 | -62,632 | 63,431 | 95,371 | ||||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency. The data in this table are not strictly comparable to those in the staff report because this table includes item-by-item consolidations while fiscal tables in the staff report consolidate aggregate republican government budget, local budgets, budgetary funds, and Social Protection Fund.
Belarus: General Government Operations, 1996-2001 (Q3)
(In millions of rubels) 1/
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | ||||||||||
| Revenue and grants | 75,199 | 159,896 | 304,012 | 1,332,105 | 4,067,810 | 1,538,632 | 1,749,018 | 1,947,226 | ||||
| Revenue (excluding extrabudgetary funds) | 75,199 | 159,896 | 304,012 | 1,332,105 | 4,067,810 | 1,538,632 | 1,749,018 | 1,947,226 | ||||
| Current revenue | 74,539 | 158,362 | 300,993 | 1,322,558 | 4,034,348 | 1,531,889 | 1,717,603 | 1,933,867 | ||||
| Tax revenue | 68,707 | 150,038 | 280,539 | 1,231,549 | 3,728,886 | 1,358,435 | 1,612,234 | 1,810,027 | ||||
| Income, profits, capital gains | 12,735 | 28,195 | 55,995 | 235,750 | 716,609 | 285,853 | 312,823 | 333,274 | ||||
| Social security contributions | 15,796 | 31,639 | 61,394 | 262,858 | 816,569 | 302,257 | 363,606 | 443,659 | ||||
| Payroll taxes | 4,870 | 7,794 | 10,803 | 47,232 | 73,092 | 28,180 | 34,111 | 42,237 | ||||
| Taxes on property | 1,852 | 4,935 | 9,029 | 18,051 | 93,200 | 39,656 | 69,288 | 63,040 | ||||
| Domestic taxes on goods and services | 29,258 | 66,153 | 123,664 | 587,652 | 1,814,759 | 617,065 | 734,187 | 829,978 | ||||
| Taxes on international trade and transactions | 3,169 | 8,964 | 15,204 | 58,011 | 141,797 | 56,514 | 73,325 | 75,543 | ||||
| Other current revenue | … | … | 4,451 | 21,996 | 72,860 | 28,910 | 24,894 | 22,297 | ||||
| Nontax revenue | 5,833 | 8,325 | 20,454 | 91,009 | 305,463 | 173,454 | 105,369 | 123,840 | ||||
| Capital revenue | 660 | 1,533 | 3,019 | 9,546 | 33,461 | 6,743 | 31,415 | 13,359 | ||||
| Grants | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Fuctional classification | ||||||||||||
| Expenditure | 78,654 | 164,312 | 307,725 | 1,385,001 | 4,039,848 | 1,467,720 | 1,807,882 | 2,023,967 | ||||
| General public services | 3,721 | 8,727 | 15,266 | 59,800 | 169,567 | 49,249 | 77,731 | 81,697 | ||||
| Defense | 2,264 | 6,080 | 9,837 | 38,741 | 115,248 | 39,491 | 48,296 | 71,567 | ||||
| Public order | 2,979 | 4,985 | 8,501 | 41,795 | 131,166 | 50,546 | 62,632 | 70,772 | ||||
| Education | 11,688 | 26,283 | 47,610 | 185,708 | 562,129 | 216,102 | 282,504 | 257,649 | ||||
| Health | 9,013 | 19,913 | 32,218 | 142,702 | 422,567 | 155,253 | 177,593 | 221,622 | ||||
| Social security and welfare | 19,872 | 36,592 | 70,887 | 286,161 | 926,407 | 356,617 | 461,694 | 523,916 | ||||
| Housing and communal amenities | 4,041 | 10,563 | 17,163 | 81,388 | 248,631 | 92,546 | 97,940 | 127,742 | ||||
| Recreation and culture | 1,629 | 4,292 | 7,719 | 28,581 | 95,158 | 30,843 | 42,780 | 46,241 | ||||
| Industry, construction, and energy sectors | 556 | 1,078 | 2,904 | 17,076 | 27,622 | 8,485 | 7,178 | 13,938 | ||||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting | 4,944 | 12,314 | 23,322 | 124,882 | 400,477 | 148,680 | 143,120 | 168,855 | ||||
| Mining, manufacturing, and construction | 120 | 1,640 | 887 | 3,399 | 7,240 | 2,071 | 2,893 | 3,504 | ||||
| Transport and communications | 4,352 | 11,663 | 22,416 | 103,210 | 270,789 | 101,747 | 113,223 | 127,349 | ||||
| Other economic affairs and services, including research | 1,799 | 6,217 | 19,857 | 27,368 | 81,194 | 23,618 | 32,751 | 21,290 | ||||
| Other expenditure, including disasters and emergencies | 11,678 | 13,964 | 29,138 | 244,190 | 581,652 | 192,473 | 257,548 | 287,826 | ||||
| Economic classification | ||||||||||||
| Expenditure and net lending | 78,654 | 164,312 | 307,725 | 1,385,001 | 4,039,848 | 1,467,720 | 1,807,882 | 2,023,967 | ||||
| Expenditure | 78,688 | 162,532 | 307,901 | 1,382,258 | 3,987,383 | 1,432,357 | 1,750,489 | 1,939,682 | ||||
| Current expenditure | 64,923 | 130,214 | 248,346 | 1,059,185 | 3,225,455 | 1,210,881 | 1,498,018 | 1,653,679 | ||||
| Expenditure on goods and services | 33,942 | 65,158 | 122,615 | 483,558 | 1,432,197 | 528,714 | 680,421 | 726,338 | ||||
| Wages and salaries | 15,274 | 28,438 | 54,389 | 221,065 | 696,699 | 272,727 | 419,574 | 418,517 | ||||
| Goods and services | 18,668 | 36,721 | 68,226 | 262,494 | 735,498 | 255,987 | 260,848 | 307,822 | ||||
| Interest payments | 1,227 | 2,374 | 5,087 | 19,512 | 76,686 | 26,393 | 17,800 | 53,644 | ||||
| Subsidies and current transfers | 29,754 | 62,682 | 120,644 | 556,115 | 1,716,571 | 655,774 | 799,797 | 873,697 | ||||
| Subsidies | 7,821 | 16,898 | 37,218 | 195,002 | 547,793 | 195,740 | 200,505 | 216,893 | ||||
| Transfers to households | 21,709 | 45,784 | 81,894 | 350,644 | 1,140,991 | 454,760 | 588,049 | 645,428 | ||||
| Transfers abroad | 224 | 0 | 1,532 | 10,469 | 27,787 | 5,275 | 11,244 | 11,376 | ||||
| Capital expenditure | 13,765 | 32,318 | 59,555 | 323,072 | 761,928 | 221,476 | 252,471 | 286,003 | ||||
| Net lending | -34 | 1,780 | -176 | 2,744 | 52,465 | 35,364 | 57,392 | 84,284 | ||||
| Balance | -3,455 | -4,416 | -3,713 | -52,897 | 27,962 | 70,912 | -58,864 | -76,741 | ||||
| Financing | 3,455 | 4,416 | 3,713 | 52,897 | -27,962 | -70,912 | 58,864 | 76,741 | ||||
| Foreign | -223 | 1,609 | -1,748 | -24,432 | -50,218 | -8,280 | -4,567 | -18,631 | ||||
| Domestic | 3,678 | 2,807 | 5,461 | 77,329 | 22,256 | -62,632 | 63,431 | 95,371 | ||||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency. The data in this table are not strictly comparable to those in the staff report because this table includes item-by-item consolidations while fiscal tables in the staff report consolidate aggregate republican government budget, local budgets, budgetary funds, and Social Protection Fund.
Belarus: General Government Operations, 1996-2001 (Q3) 1/
(In percent of GDP)
Includes Social Protection Fund. The data in this table are not strictly comparable with those in the staff report because this table includes item-by-item consolidations while fiscal tables in the staff report consolidate aggregate republican budget, local budgets, budgetary funds, and the Social Protection Fund.
Belarus: General Government Operations, 1996-2001 (Q3) 1/
(In percent of GDP)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue and grants | 39.2 | 43.6 | 43.3 | 44.0 | 44.6 | 49.1 | 44.9 | 41.4 | ||||||
| Revenue | 39.2 | 43.6 | 43.3 | 44.0 | 44.6 | 49.1 | 44.9 | 41.4 | ||||||
| Current revenue | 38.9 | 43.2 | 42.9 | 43.7 | 44.2 | 48.9 | 44.1 | 41.1 | ||||||
| Tax revenue | 35.8 | 40.9 | 40.0 | 40.7 | 40.9 | 43.3 | 41.4 | 38.4 | ||||||
| Income, profits, and capital gains | 6.6 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 7.1 | ||||||
| Social security contributions | 8.2 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 9.6 | 9.3 | 9.4 | ||||||
| Payroll taxes | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | ||||||
| Taxes on property | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.3 | ||||||
| Domestic taxes on goods and services | 15.3 | 18.0 | 17.6 | 19.4 | 19.9 | 19.7 | 18.9 | 17.6 | ||||||
| Taxes on international trade and transactions | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.6 | ||||||
| Other current revenue | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 | ||||||
| Nontax revenue | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 2.6 | ||||||
| Capital revenue | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.3 | ||||||
| Grants | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||
| Fuctional classification | ||||||||||||||
| Expenditure | 41.0 | 44.8 | 43.8 | 45.8 | 44.3 | 46.8 | 46.4 | 43.0 | ||||||
| General public services | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.7 | ||||||
| Defense | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | ||||||
| Public order | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | ||||||
| Education | 6.1 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 5.5 | ||||||
| Health | 4.7 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.7 | ||||||
| Social security and welfare | 10.4 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 9.5 | 10.2 | 11.4 | 11.9 | 11.1 | ||||||
| Housing and communal amenities | 2.1 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.7 | ||||||
| Recreation and culture | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | ||||||
| Fuel and energy sectors | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | ||||||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | ||||||
| Mining, manufacturing, and construction | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||||
| Transport and communications | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.7 | ||||||
| Other economic affairs and services, incl. research | 0.9 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | ||||||
| Other expenditure, incl. disasters and emergencies | 6.1 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 8.1 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.1 | ||||||
| Economic classification | ||||||||||||||
| Expenditure and net lending | 41.0 | 44.8 | 43.8 | 45.8 | 44.3 | 46.8 | 46.4 | 43.0 | ||||||
| Expenditure | 41.0 | 44.3 | 43.9 | 45.7 | 43.7 | 45.7 | 45.0 | 41.2 | ||||||
| Current expenditure | 33.8 | 35.5 | 35.4 | 35.0 | 35.3 | 38.6 | 38.5 | 35.1 | ||||||
| Expenditure on goods and services | 17.7 | 17.8 | 17.5 | 16.0 | 15.7 | 16.9 | 17.5 | 15.4 | ||||||
| Wages and salaries | 8.0 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 8.7 | 10.8 | 8.9 | ||||||
| Goods and services | 9.7 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 6.7 | 6.5 | ||||||
| Interest payments | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.1 | ||||||
| Subsidies and current transfers | 15.5 | 17.1 | 17.2 | 18.4 | 18.8 | 20.9 | 20.5 | 18.6 | ||||||
| Subsidies | 4.1 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 5.1 | 4.6 | ||||||
| Transfers to households | 11.3 | 12.5 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 14.5 | 15.1 | 13.7 | ||||||
| Transfers abroad | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | ||||||
| Capital expenditure | 7.2 | 8.8 | 8.5 | 10.7 | 8.3 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 6.1 | ||||||
| Net lending | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.8 | ||||||
| Balance | -1.8 | -1.2 | -0.5 | -1.7 | 0.3 | 2.3 | -1.5 | -1.6 | ||||||
| Financing | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.7 | -0.3 | -2.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | ||||||
| Foreign | -0.1 | 0.4 | -0.2 | -0.8 | -0.6 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -0.4 | ||||||
| Domestic | 1.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 0.2 | -2.0 | 1.6 | 2.0 | ||||||
Includes Social Protection Fund. The data in this table are not strictly comparable with those in the staff report because this table includes item-by-item consolidations while fiscal tables in the staff report consolidate aggregate republican budget, local budgets, budgetary funds, and the Social Protection Fund.
Belarus: General Government Operations, 1996-2001 (Q3) 1/
(In percent of GDP)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | ||||||||||||
| Revenue and grants | 39.2 | 43.6 | 43.3 | 44.0 | 44.6 | 49.1 | 44.9 | 41.4 | ||||||
| Revenue | 39.2 | 43.6 | 43.3 | 44.0 | 44.6 | 49.1 | 44.9 | 41.4 | ||||||
| Current revenue | 38.9 | 43.2 | 42.9 | 43.7 | 44.2 | 48.9 | 44.1 | 41.1 | ||||||
| Tax revenue | 35.8 | 40.9 | 40.0 | 40.7 | 40.9 | 43.3 | 41.4 | 38.4 | ||||||
| Income, profits, and capital gains | 6.6 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 7.1 | ||||||
| Social security contributions | 8.2 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 9.6 | 9.3 | 9.4 | ||||||
| Payroll taxes | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | ||||||
| Taxes on property | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.3 | ||||||
| Domestic taxes on goods and services | 15.3 | 18.0 | 17.6 | 19.4 | 19.9 | 19.7 | 18.9 | 17.6 | ||||||
| Taxes on international trade and transactions | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.6 | ||||||
| Other current revenue | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 | ||||||
| Nontax revenue | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 2.6 | ||||||
| Capital revenue | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.3 | ||||||
| Grants | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||
| Fuctional classification | ||||||||||||||
| Expenditure | 41.0 | 44.8 | 43.8 | 45.8 | 44.3 | 46.8 | 46.4 | 43.0 | ||||||
| General public services | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.7 | ||||||
| Defense | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | ||||||
| Public order | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | ||||||
| Education | 6.1 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 5.5 | ||||||
| Health | 4.7 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.7 | ||||||
| Social security and welfare | 10.4 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 9.5 | 10.2 | 11.4 | 11.9 | 11.1 | ||||||
| Housing and communal amenities | 2.1 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.7 | ||||||
| Recreation and culture | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | ||||||
| Fuel and energy sectors | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | ||||||
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | ||||||
| Mining, manufacturing, and construction | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||||
| Transport and communications | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.7 | ||||||
| Other economic affairs and services, incl. research | 0.9 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | ||||||
| Other expenditure, incl. disasters and emergencies | 6.1 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 8.1 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.1 | ||||||
| Economic classification | ||||||||||||||
| Expenditure and net lending | 41.0 | 44.8 | 43.8 | 45.8 | 44.3 | 46.8 | 46.4 | 43.0 | ||||||
| Expenditure | 41.0 | 44.3 | 43.9 | 45.7 | 43.7 | 45.7 | 45.0 | 41.2 | ||||||
| Current expenditure | 33.8 | 35.5 | 35.4 | 35.0 | 35.3 | 38.6 | 38.5 | 35.1 | ||||||
| Expenditure on goods and services | 17.7 | 17.8 | 17.5 | 16.0 | 15.7 | 16.9 | 17.5 | 15.4 | ||||||
| Wages and salaries | 8.0 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 8.7 | 10.8 | 8.9 | ||||||
| Goods and services | 9.7 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 6.7 | 6.5 | ||||||
| Interest payments | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.1 | ||||||
| Subsidies and current transfers | 15.5 | 17.1 | 17.2 | 18.4 | 18.8 | 20.9 | 20.5 | 18.6 | ||||||
| Subsidies | 4.1 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 5.1 | 4.6 | ||||||
| Transfers to households | 11.3 | 12.5 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 14.5 | 15.1 | 13.7 | ||||||
| Transfers abroad | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | ||||||
| Capital expenditure | 7.2 | 8.8 | 8.5 | 10.7 | 8.3 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 6.1 | ||||||
| Net lending | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.8 | ||||||
| Balance | -1.8 | -1.2 | -0.5 | -1.7 | 0.3 | 2.3 | -1.5 | -1.6 | ||||||
| Financing | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.7 | -0.3 | -2.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | ||||||
| Foreign | -0.1 | 0.4 | -0.2 | -0.8 | -0.6 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -0.4 | ||||||
| Domestic | 1.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 0.2 | -2.0 | 1.6 | 2.0 | ||||||
Includes Social Protection Fund. The data in this table are not strictly comparable with those in the staff report because this table includes item-by-item consolidations while fiscal tables in the staff report consolidate aggregate republican budget, local budgets, budgetary funds, and the Social Protection Fund.
Belarus: Tax Arrears, 1995-2001 (Q2)
(In millions of rubels, unless otherwise indicated; end of period)
Data are not available for arrears on custom duties and excises on imports.
End-of-period outstanding stock.
Belarus: Tax Arrears, 1995-2001 (Q2)
(In millions of rubels, unless otherwise indicated; end of period)
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||||
| Total tax arrears | 2,509 | 3,923 | 3,560 | 4,469 | 15,550 | 67,800 | 107,287 | 154,401 | |||
| State budget tax arrears 1/ | 1,364 | 1,722 | 1,401 | 2,012 | 9,186 | 42,600 | 72,543 | 101,850 | |||
| Taxes on income and profits | 338 | 238 | 450 | 531 | 1,492 | 3,800 | 9,500 | 12,200 | |||
| Personal income tax | 2 | 7 | 5 | 24 | 28 | 100 | 100 | 200 | |||
| Profit tax | 329 | 230 | 439 | 500 | 1,460 | 3,700 | 9,200 | 11,900 | |||
| Enterprise income tax | 7 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 200 | 100 | |||
| Chernobyl tax | 226 | 215 | 102 | 135 | 429 | 1,600 | 3,100 | 4,800 | |||
| Taxes on property | 126 | 443 | 189 | 401 | 432 | 2,000 | 2,600 | 7,600 | |||
| Real estate tax | 92 | 79 | 75 | 188 | 126 | 1,400 | 1,900 | 6,300 | |||
| Land tax | 34 | 364 | 113 | 214 | 305 | 600 | 700 | 1,300 | |||
| Domestic taxes on goods and services | 674 | 826 | 661 | 945 | 6,023 | 29,600 | 47,300 | 61,900 | |||
| Value-added tax | 531 | 546 | 456 | 857 | 1,805 | 9,800 | 20,600 | 29,400 | |||
| Excises | 73 | 40 | 59 | 81 | 152 | 2,700 | 4,700 | 6,500 | |||
| Fuel tax | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Natural resource tax | 15 | 75 | 47 | 6 | 9 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Forestry tax and other taxes | 45 | 155 | 99 | 1 | 4,059 | 17,000 | 22,000 | 26,000 | |||
| Social Protection Fund | 960 | 1,783 | 1,841 | 2,180 | 5,556 | 19,600 | 24,700 | 37,200 | |||
| Fund for Support of Agricultural Producers | 185 | 418 | 318 | 278 | 809 | 5,600 | 10,043 | 15,350 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||||
| Total tax arrears (In percent of GDP) | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 3.4 | 2.2 | |||
| Deferred taxes 2/ | 1 | 1,419 | 3,873 | 5,668 | 7,530 | 6,100 | 5,600 | 6,100 | |||
Data are not available for arrears on custom duties and excises on imports.
End-of-period outstanding stock.
Belarus: Tax Arrears, 1995-2001 (Q2)
(In millions of rubels, unless otherwise indicated; end of period)
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||||
| Total tax arrears | 2,509 | 3,923 | 3,560 | 4,469 | 15,550 | 67,800 | 107,287 | 154,401 | |||
| State budget tax arrears 1/ | 1,364 | 1,722 | 1,401 | 2,012 | 9,186 | 42,600 | 72,543 | 101,850 | |||
| Taxes on income and profits | 338 | 238 | 450 | 531 | 1,492 | 3,800 | 9,500 | 12,200 | |||
| Personal income tax | 2 | 7 | 5 | 24 | 28 | 100 | 100 | 200 | |||
| Profit tax | 329 | 230 | 439 | 500 | 1,460 | 3,700 | 9,200 | 11,900 | |||
| Enterprise income tax | 7 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 200 | 100 | |||
| Chernobyl tax | 226 | 215 | 102 | 135 | 429 | 1,600 | 3,100 | 4,800 | |||
| Taxes on property | 126 | 443 | 189 | 401 | 432 | 2,000 | 2,600 | 7,600 | |||
| Real estate tax | 92 | 79 | 75 | 188 | 126 | 1,400 | 1,900 | 6,300 | |||
| Land tax | 34 | 364 | 113 | 214 | 305 | 600 | 700 | 1,300 | |||
| Domestic taxes on goods and services | 674 | 826 | 661 | 945 | 6,023 | 29,600 | 47,300 | 61,900 | |||
| Value-added tax | 531 | 546 | 456 | 857 | 1,805 | 9,800 | 20,600 | 29,400 | |||
| Excises | 73 | 40 | 59 | 81 | 152 | 2,700 | 4,700 | 6,500 | |||
| Fuel tax | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Natural resource tax | 15 | 75 | 47 | 6 | 9 | 100 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Forestry tax and other taxes | 45 | 155 | 99 | 1 | 4,059 | 17,000 | 22,000 | 26,000 | |||
| Social Protection Fund | 960 | 1,783 | 1,841 | 2,180 | 5,556 | 19,600 | 24,700 | 37,200 | |||
| Fund for Support of Agricultural Producers | 185 | 418 | 318 | 278 | 809 | 5,600 | 10,043 | 15,350 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||||
| Total tax arrears (In percent of GDP) | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 3.4 | 2.2 | |||
| Deferred taxes 2/ | 1 | 1,419 | 3,873 | 5,668 | 7,530 | 6,100 | 5,600 | 6,100 | |||
Data are not available for arrears on custom duties and excises on imports.
End-of-period outstanding stock.
Belarus: General Government Debt, 1997-2001 (Q2)
(In millions of rubels, unless otherwise indicated; end-of-period)
The data up to 1999 are derived from NBB balance sheets.
As recorded in the balance of payments under public and publicly guaranteed debt, including IMF.
Belarus: General Government Debt, 1997-2001 (Q2)
(In millions of rubels, unless otherwise indicated; end-of-period)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | |||||||
| Total debt, net | 13,203 | 201,025 | 211,477 | … | … | … | ||
| Domestic debt, net 1/ | 13,177 | -9,307 | -10,894 | … | … | … | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| Republican government 2/ | 15,646 | 34,668 | 159,481 | 382,215 | 484,467 | 561,765 | ||
| Local government | -2,469 | -2,638 | -7,616 | … | … | … | ||
| Foreign debt 2/ | 26 | 47 | 234 | 621 | 963 | 979 | ||
| Memorandum items: | ||||||||
| Domestic debt (in percent of GDP) | 3.8 | -1.4 | -0.4 | … | … | … | ||
| Foreign debt (in millions of U.S. dollars) 2/ | 976 | 1,011 | 886 | 867 | 784 | 761 | ||
| Exchange rate (in rubels per U.S. dollar) | 26 | 46 | 264 | 716 | 1,228 | 1,286 | ||
| Nominal GDP | 351,043 | 662,370 | 2,725,000 | 9,125,636 | 3,071,496 | 3,956,504 | ||
The data up to 1999 are derived from NBB balance sheets.
As recorded in the balance of payments under public and publicly guaranteed debt, including IMF.
Belarus: General Government Debt, 1997-2001 (Q2)
(In millions of rubels, unless otherwise indicated; end-of-period)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | |||||||
| Total debt, net | 13,203 | 201,025 | 211,477 | … | … | … | ||
| Domestic debt, net 1/ | 13,177 | -9,307 | -10,894 | … | … | … | ||
| of which: | ||||||||
| Republican government 2/ | 15,646 | 34,668 | 159,481 | 382,215 | 484,467 | 561,765 | ||
| Local government | -2,469 | -2,638 | -7,616 | … | … | … | ||
| Foreign debt 2/ | 26 | 47 | 234 | 621 | 963 | 979 | ||
| Memorandum items: | ||||||||
| Domestic debt (in percent of GDP) | 3.8 | -1.4 | -0.4 | … | … | … | ||
| Foreign debt (in millions of U.S. dollars) 2/ | 976 | 1,011 | 886 | 867 | 784 | 761 | ||
| Exchange rate (in rubels per U.S. dollar) | 26 | 46 | 264 | 716 | 1,228 | 1,286 | ||
| Nominal GDP | 351,043 | 662,370 | 2,725,000 | 9,125,636 | 3,071,496 | 3,956,504 | ||
The data up to 1999 are derived from NBB balance sheets.
As recorded in the balance of payments under public and publicly guaranteed debt, including IMF.
Belarus: Monetary Survey, 1999-2001 (June)
(In millions of rubels; end-of-period)
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Monetary Survey, 1999-2001 (June)
(In millions of rubels; end-of-period)
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December | March | June | September | December | March | June | ||||
| Accounting exchange rate (in rubels per U.S. dollar) 1/ | 320 | 435 | 675 | 1,033 | 1,180 | 1,293 | 1,380 | |||
| Net foreign assets | 87,376 | 167,500 | 264,769 | 438,355 | 432,490 | 481,806 | 573,537 | |||
| Net foreign assets (convertible) | 79,900 | 158,018 | 250,069 | 407,425 | 389,289 | 463,561 | 560,340 | |||
| Foreign assets | 196,126 | 289,140 | 488,197 | 711,125 | 752,024 | 828,283 | 983,706 | |||
| Foreign liabilities | -116,226 | -131,122 | -238,128 | -303,700 | -362,735 | -364,722 | -423,366 | |||
| Net foreign assets (nonconvertible) | 7,476 | 9,482 | 14,700 | 30,930 | 43,201 | 18,245 | 13,197 | |||
| Foreign assets | 10,045 | 19,725 | 30,043 | 45,586 | 61,041 | 45,312 | 87,797 | |||
| Foreign liabilities | -2,569 | -10,244 | -15,344 | -14,656 | -17,841 | -27,067 | -74,599 | |||
| Net domestic assets | 418,066 | 492,457 | 688,496 | 1,000,648 | 1,181,224 | 1,265,063 | 1,490,701 | |||
| Net domestic credit | 601,732 | 776,596 | 1,033,329 | 1,473,729 | 1,749,981 | 1,947,924 | 2,219,425 | |||
| Net credit to general government | 148,115 | 193,181 | 241,260 | 242,959 | 260,906 | 207,552 | 227,296 | |||
| Net claims on central government | 147,757 | 192,282 | 239,702 | 241,752 | 260,091 | 206,176 | 226,368 | |||
| Gross credit to local government | 358 | 899 | 1,558 | 1,207 | 815 | 1,377 | 928 | |||
| Claims on economy | 453,617 | 583,414 | 792,069 | 1,230,770 | 1,489,075 | 1,740,372 | 1,992,130 | |||
| Claims on nonfinancial public enterprises | 170,598 | 237,409 | 340,145 | 559,953 | 677,736 | 750,430 | 883,586 | |||
| Claims on private sector | 281,741 | 344,756 | 450,451 | 669,236 | 810,029 | 987,724 | 1,104,943 | |||
| Claims on nonbank financial institutions | 1,278 | 1,250 | 1,473 | 1,580 | 1,310 | 2,217 | 3,601 | |||
| Other items, net | -183,666 | -284,139 | -344,833 | -473,081 | -568,756 | -682,861 | -728,724 | |||
| Capital | -172,005 | -268,250 | -294,862 | -398,623 | -561,096 | -643,711 | -663,660 | |||
| Other assets, net | -11,661 | -15,889 | -49,971 | -74,458 | -7,660 | -39,150 | -65,064 | |||
| Broad money | 505,442 | 659,957 | 953,265 | 1,439,003 | 1,613,714 | 1,746,869 | 2,064,238 | |||
| Rubel broad money | 284,731 | 337,559 | 441,892 | 591,383 | 666,395 | 718,204 | 917,354 | |||
| Currency outside banks | 86,852 | 108,244 | 157,165 | 187,566 | 238,796 | 246,660 | 364,294 | |||
| Domestic currency deposits | 197,879 | 229,316 | 284,727 | 403,817 | 427,599 | 471,543 | 553,059 | |||
| Foreign currency deposits | 220,711 | 322,397 | 511,373 | 847,619 | 947,320 | 1,028,666 | 1,146,885 | |||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Monetary Survey, 1999-2001 (June)
(In millions of rubels; end-of-period)
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December | March | June | September | December | March | June | ||||
| Accounting exchange rate (in rubels per U.S. dollar) 1/ | 320 | 435 | 675 | 1,033 | 1,180 | 1,293 | 1,380 | |||
| Net foreign assets | 87,376 | 167,500 | 264,769 | 438,355 | 432,490 | 481,806 | 573,537 | |||
| Net foreign assets (convertible) | 79,900 | 158,018 | 250,069 | 407,425 | 389,289 | 463,561 | 560,340 | |||
| Foreign assets | 196,126 | 289,140 | 488,197 | 711,125 | 752,024 | 828,283 | 983,706 | |||
| Foreign liabilities | -116,226 | -131,122 | -238,128 | -303,700 | -362,735 | -364,722 | -423,366 | |||
| Net foreign assets (nonconvertible) | 7,476 | 9,482 | 14,700 | 30,930 | 43,201 | 18,245 | 13,197 | |||
| Foreign assets | 10,045 | 19,725 | 30,043 | 45,586 | 61,041 | 45,312 | 87,797 | |||
| Foreign liabilities | -2,569 | -10,244 | -15,344 | -14,656 | -17,841 | -27,067 | -74,599 | |||
| Net domestic assets | 418,066 | 492,457 | 688,496 | 1,000,648 | 1,181,224 | 1,265,063 | 1,490,701 | |||
| Net domestic credit | 601,732 | 776,596 | 1,033,329 | 1,473,729 | 1,749,981 | 1,947,924 | 2,219,425 | |||
| Net credit to general government | 148,115 | 193,181 | 241,260 | 242,959 | 260,906 | 207,552 | 227,296 | |||
| Net claims on central government | 147,757 | 192,282 | 239,702 | 241,752 | 260,091 | 206,176 | 226,368 | |||
| Gross credit to local government | 358 | 899 | 1,558 | 1,207 | 815 | 1,377 | 928 | |||
| Claims on economy | 453,617 | 583,414 | 792,069 | 1,230,770 | 1,489,075 | 1,740,372 | 1,992,130 | |||
| Claims on nonfinancial public enterprises | 170,598 | 237,409 | 340,145 | 559,953 | 677,736 | 750,430 | 883,586 | |||
| Claims on private sector | 281,741 | 344,756 | 450,451 | 669,236 | 810,029 | 987,724 | 1,104,943 | |||
| Claims on nonbank financial institutions | 1,278 | 1,250 | 1,473 | 1,580 | 1,310 | 2,217 | 3,601 | |||
| Other items, net | -183,666 | -284,139 | -344,833 | -473,081 | -568,756 | -682,861 | -728,724 | |||
| Capital | -172,005 | -268,250 | -294,862 | -398,623 | -561,096 | -643,711 | -663,660 | |||
| Other assets, net | -11,661 | -15,889 | -49,971 | -74,458 | -7,660 | -39,150 | -65,064 | |||
| Broad money | 505,442 | 659,957 | 953,265 | 1,439,003 | 1,613,714 | 1,746,869 | 2,064,238 | |||
| Rubel broad money | 284,731 | 337,559 | 441,892 | 591,383 | 666,395 | 718,204 | 917,354 | |||
| Currency outside banks | 86,852 | 108,244 | 157,165 | 187,566 | 238,796 | 246,660 | 364,294 | |||
| Domestic currency deposits | 197,879 | 229,316 | 284,727 | 403,817 | 427,599 | 471,543 | 553,059 | |||
| Foreign currency deposits | 220,711 | 322,397 | 511,373 | 847,619 | 947,320 | 1,028,666 | 1,146,885 | |||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Accounts of the National Bank of Belarus, 1999-2001 (June)
(In millions of rubels; end-of-period)
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Accounts of the National Bank of Belarus, 1999-2001 (June)
(In millions of rubels; end-of-period)
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December | March | June | September | December | March | June | ||||
| Accounting exchange rate (in rubels per U.S. dollar) 1/ | 320 | 435 | 675 | 1,033 | 1,180 | 1,293 | 1,380 | |||
| National Bank of Belarus | ||||||||||
| Net foreign assets | 16,633 | 32,287 | 68,902 | 125,183 | 159,223 # | 236,610 | 341,717 | |||
| Net foreign assets (convertible) | 15,858 | 31,744 | 65,937 | 122,903 | 159,088 # | 235,567 | 298,321 | |||
| Foreign assets | 97,502 | 128,015 | 247,576 | 338,500 | 377,027 # | 480,650 | 570,829 | |||
| Foreign liabilities | -81,644 | -96,271 | -181,639 | -215,597 | -217,939 # | -245,083 | -272,508 | |||
| Net foreign assets (nonconvertible) | 775 | 543 | 2,965 | 2,280 | 136 # | 1,042 | 43,395 | |||
| Foreign assets | 853 | 579 | 3,262 | 2,340 | 1,695 # | 1,603 | 43,979 | |||
| Foreign liabilities | -78 | -36 | -296 | -60 | -1,560 # | -561 | -584 | |||
| Net domestic assets | 168,186 | 193,720 | 239,717 | 231,707 | 237,060 | 230,889 | 315,346 | |||
| Net domestic credit | 200,993 | 242,994 | 304,530 | 356,782 | 375,687 | 399,880 | 491,553 | |||
| Net credit to general government | 138,683 | 170,427 | 218,676 | 252,875 | 261,058 | 303,327 | 365,609 | |||
| Claims on nonfinancial public enterprises | 44 | 15 | 33 | 40 | 23 | 41 | 169 | |||
| Claims on private sector | 2,041 | 2,760 | 3,325 | 4,006 | 7,524 | 7,739 | 7,895 | |||
| Claims on banks | 60,226 | 69,792 | 82,495 | 99,860 | 107,082 | 88,773 | 117,880 | |||
| Other items, net | -32,807 | -49,274 | -64,812 | -125,075 | -138,627 | -168,991 | -176,208 | |||
| Reserve money | 184,819 | 226,007 | 308,620 | 356,890 | 414,641 | 467,498 | 657,062 | |||
| Currency issued outside banking system | 86,852 | 108,244 | 157,165 | 187,566 | 238,796 | 246,660 | 364,294 | |||
| Due to banks | 91,979 | 109,332 | 140,581 | 159,804 | 165,505 | 214,969 | 288,688 | |||
| Required reserves | 49,563 | 55,550 | 86,544 | 105,405 | 120,610 | 159,639 | 187,988 | |||
| Excess reserves | 42,415 | 53,782 | 54,037 | 54,399 | 44,894 | 55,330 | 100,700 | |||
| Deposits of other sectors (excluding central government) | 5,988 | 8,431 | 10,873 | 9,520 | 10,341 | 5,869 | 4,080 | |||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Accounts of the National Bank of Belarus, 1999-2001 (June)
(In millions of rubels; end-of-period)
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December | March | June | September | December | March | June | ||||
| Accounting exchange rate (in rubels per U.S. dollar) 1/ | 320 | 435 | 675 | 1,033 | 1,180 | 1,293 | 1,380 | |||
| National Bank of Belarus | ||||||||||
| Net foreign assets | 16,633 | 32,287 | 68,902 | 125,183 | 159,223 # | 236,610 | 341,717 | |||
| Net foreign assets (convertible) | 15,858 | 31,744 | 65,937 | 122,903 | 159,088 # | 235,567 | 298,321 | |||
| Foreign assets | 97,502 | 128,015 | 247,576 | 338,500 | 377,027 # | 480,650 | 570,829 | |||
| Foreign liabilities | -81,644 | -96,271 | -181,639 | -215,597 | -217,939 # | -245,083 | -272,508 | |||
| Net foreign assets (nonconvertible) | 775 | 543 | 2,965 | 2,280 | 136 # | 1,042 | 43,395 | |||
| Foreign assets | 853 | 579 | 3,262 | 2,340 | 1,695 # | 1,603 | 43,979 | |||
| Foreign liabilities | -78 | -36 | -296 | -60 | -1,560 # | -561 | -584 | |||
| Net domestic assets | 168,186 | 193,720 | 239,717 | 231,707 | 237,060 | 230,889 | 315,346 | |||
| Net domestic credit | 200,993 | 242,994 | 304,530 | 356,782 | 375,687 | 399,880 | 491,553 | |||
| Net credit to general government | 138,683 | 170,427 | 218,676 | 252,875 | 261,058 | 303,327 | 365,609 | |||
| Claims on nonfinancial public enterprises | 44 | 15 | 33 | 40 | 23 | 41 | 169 | |||
| Claims on private sector | 2,041 | 2,760 | 3,325 | 4,006 | 7,524 | 7,739 | 7,895 | |||
| Claims on banks | 60,226 | 69,792 | 82,495 | 99,860 | 107,082 | 88,773 | 117,880 | |||
| Other items, net | -32,807 | -49,274 | -64,812 | -125,075 | -138,627 | -168,991 | -176,208 | |||
| Reserve money | 184,819 | 226,007 | 308,620 | 356,890 | 414,641 | 467,498 | 657,062 | |||
| Currency issued outside banking system | 86,852 | 108,244 | 157,165 | 187,566 | 238,796 | 246,660 | 364,294 | |||
| Due to banks | 91,979 | 109,332 | 140,581 | 159,804 | 165,505 | 214,969 | 288,688 | |||
| Required reserves | 49,563 | 55,550 | 86,544 | 105,405 | 120,610 | 159,639 | 187,988 | |||
| Excess reserves | 42,415 | 53,782 | 54,037 | 54,399 | 44,894 | 55,330 | 100,700 | |||
| Deposits of other sectors (excluding central government) | 5,988 | 8,431 | 10,873 | 9,520 | 10,341 | 5,869 | 4,080 | |||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Deposit Money Banks’ Accounts, 1999-2001 (June) 1/
(In millions of rubels; end-of-period)
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Excluding central government.
Belarus: Deposit Money Banks’ Accounts, 1999-2001 (June) 1/
(In millions of rubels; end-of-period)
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December | March | June | September | December | March | June | ||||
| Net foreign assets | 70,743 | 135,213 | 195,867 | 313,172 | 254,909 | 245,197 | 231,821 | |||
| Net foreign assets (convertible) | 64,042 | 126,274 | 184,132 | 284,522 | 214,019 | 227,994 | 262,019 | |||
| Assets (convertible) | 98,624 | 161,125 | 240,620 | 372,624 | 331,031 | 347,633 | 412,877 | |||
| Liabilities (convertible) | -34,582 | -34,851 | -56,488 | -88,102 | -117,012 | -119,639 | -150,858 | |||
| Net foreign assets (nonconvertible) | 6,701 | 8,939 | 11,734 | 28,650 | 40,890 | 17,203 | -30,198 | |||
| Assets (nonconvertible) | 9,192 | 19,147 | 26,782 | 43,246 | 58,474 | 43,709 | 43,818 | |||
| Liabilities (nonconvertible) | -2,491 | -10,208 | -15,047 | -14,596 | -17,585 | -26,506 | -74,016 | |||
| Net domestic assets | 341,858 | 408,069 | 589,360 | 928,744 | 1,109,669 | 1,249,144 | 1,464,043 | |||
| Net domestic credit | 499,495 | 627,951 | 866,506 | 1,272,071 | 1,555,102 | 1,786,126 | 2,036,774 | |||
| Net credit to general government | 9,432 | 22,754 | 22,583 | -9,916 | -152 | -95,775 | -138,314 | |||
| Net credit to central government | 9,074 | 21,855 | 21,025 | -11,123 | -967 | -97,152 | -139,242 | |||
| Claims on local government | 358 | 899 | 1,558 | 1,207 | 815 | 1,377 | 928 | |||
| Claims on nonfinancial public enterprises | 170,553 | 237,393 | 340,112 | 559,913 | 677,713 | 750,389 | 883,417 | |||
| Claims on private sector | 279,701 | 341,996 | 447,155 | 665,230 | 802,505 | 979,986 | 1,097,047 | |||
| Claims on nonbank financial institutions | 1,278 | 1,250 | 1,473 | 1,580 | 1,310 | 2,217 | 3,601 | |||
| Net claims on the National Bank | 38,531 | 24,557 | 55,211 | 55,263 | 73,727 | 149,309 | 191,023 | |||
| Other items, net | -157,636 | -219,881 | -277,146 | -343,326 | -445,433 | -536,982 | -572,731 | |||
| Liabilities to nonfinancial institutions 2/ | 412,602 | 543,282 | 785,227 | 1,241,916 | 1,364,578 | 1,494,340 | 1,695,864 | |||
| Demand deposits | 140,714 | 155,817 | 184,886 | 257,436 | 259,602 | 273,924 | 321,992 | |||
| Time and savings deposits | 51,315 | 65,649 | 90,634 | 137,222 | 157,921 | 191,490 | 226,589 | |||
| Foreign currency deposits | 220,572 | 321,816 | 509,707 | 847,258 | 947,055 | 1,028,457 | 1,146,697 | |||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Excluding central government.
Belarus: Deposit Money Banks’ Accounts, 1999-2001 (June) 1/
(In millions of rubels; end-of-period)
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December | March | June | September | December | March | June | ||||
| Net foreign assets | 70,743 | 135,213 | 195,867 | 313,172 | 254,909 | 245,197 | 231,821 | |||
| Net foreign assets (convertible) | 64,042 | 126,274 | 184,132 | 284,522 | 214,019 | 227,994 | 262,019 | |||
| Assets (convertible) | 98,624 | 161,125 | 240,620 | 372,624 | 331,031 | 347,633 | 412,877 | |||
| Liabilities (convertible) | -34,582 | -34,851 | -56,488 | -88,102 | -117,012 | -119,639 | -150,858 | |||
| Net foreign assets (nonconvertible) | 6,701 | 8,939 | 11,734 | 28,650 | 40,890 | 17,203 | -30,198 | |||
| Assets (nonconvertible) | 9,192 | 19,147 | 26,782 | 43,246 | 58,474 | 43,709 | 43,818 | |||
| Liabilities (nonconvertible) | -2,491 | -10,208 | -15,047 | -14,596 | -17,585 | -26,506 | -74,016 | |||
| Net domestic assets | 341,858 | 408,069 | 589,360 | 928,744 | 1,109,669 | 1,249,144 | 1,464,043 | |||
| Net domestic credit | 499,495 | 627,951 | 866,506 | 1,272,071 | 1,555,102 | 1,786,126 | 2,036,774 | |||
| Net credit to general government | 9,432 | 22,754 | 22,583 | -9,916 | -152 | -95,775 | -138,314 | |||
| Net credit to central government | 9,074 | 21,855 | 21,025 | -11,123 | -967 | -97,152 | -139,242 | |||
| Claims on local government | 358 | 899 | 1,558 | 1,207 | 815 | 1,377 | 928 | |||
| Claims on nonfinancial public enterprises | 170,553 | 237,393 | 340,112 | 559,913 | 677,713 | 750,389 | 883,417 | |||
| Claims on private sector | 279,701 | 341,996 | 447,155 | 665,230 | 802,505 | 979,986 | 1,097,047 | |||
| Claims on nonbank financial institutions | 1,278 | 1,250 | 1,473 | 1,580 | 1,310 | 2,217 | 3,601 | |||
| Net claims on the National Bank | 38,531 | 24,557 | 55,211 | 55,263 | 73,727 | 149,309 | 191,023 | |||
| Other items, net | -157,636 | -219,881 | -277,146 | -343,326 | -445,433 | -536,982 | -572,731 | |||
| Liabilities to nonfinancial institutions 2/ | 412,602 | 543,282 | 785,227 | 1,241,916 | 1,364,578 | 1,494,340 | 1,695,864 | |||
| Demand deposits | 140,714 | 155,817 | 184,886 | 257,436 | 259,602 | 273,924 | 321,992 | |||
| Time and savings deposits | 51,315 | 65,649 | 90,634 | 137,222 | 157,921 | 191,490 | 226,589 | |||
| Foreign currency deposits | 220,572 | 321,816 | 509,707 | 847,258 | 947,055 | 1,028,457 | 1,146,697 | |||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Excluding central government.
Belarus: National Bank’s Directed Credits, 1999-2001 (Q2) 1/
(In millions of rubels; end-of-period)
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: National Bank’s Directed Credits, 1999-2001 (Q2) 1/
(In millions of rubels; end-of-period)
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | ||
| Directed credit | 31,908 | 8,263 | 38,348 | 27,695 | 27,441 | 26,680 | 26,577 | 26,525 | 418 | 404 | |
| Agriculture | 4,422 | 25 | 2,229 | 22 | 17 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | |
| Trade | 496 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 211 | 197 | |
| Industry | 2,221 | 304 | 11,947 | 3,279 | 3,059 | 2,368 | 2,351 | 2,335 | … | … | |
| Housing | 23,546 | 7,294 | 24,161 | 24,383 | 24,354 | 24,097 | 24,015 | 23,981 | … | … | |
| Other | 1,223 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 202 | 202 | 202 | 200 | 200 | |
| Memorandum item: | |||||||||||
| Purchase of securities | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 3,300 | 12,300 | |
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: National Bank’s Directed Credits, 1999-2001 (Q2) 1/
(In millions of rubels; end-of-period)
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | ||
| Directed credit | 31,908 | 8,263 | 38,348 | 27,695 | 27,441 | 26,680 | 26,577 | 26,525 | 418 | 404 | |
| Agriculture | 4,422 | 25 | 2,229 | 22 | 17 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | |
| Trade | 496 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 211 | 197 | |
| Industry | 2,221 | 304 | 11,947 | 3,279 | 3,059 | 2,368 | 2,351 | 2,335 | … | … | |
| Housing | 23,546 | 7,294 | 24,161 | 24,383 | 24,354 | 24,097 | 24,015 | 23,981 | … | … | |
| Other | 1,223 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 202 | 202 | 202 | 200 | 200 | |
| Memorandum item: | |||||||||||
| Purchase of securities | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 3,300 | 12,300 | |
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
Belarus: Composition of Bank Lending by Type of Credit and Sector, 1997-2001 (Q2)
Belarus: Composition of Bank Lending by Type of Credit and Sector, 1997-2001 (Q2)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of rubels) | Q1 | Q2 | (Share of total) | Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| Total bank credit | 48,506 | 193,300 | 434,891 | 1,429,188 | 1,600,611 | 1,828,989 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Type of credit | |||||||||||||
| Short-term credit | 27,378 | 94,265 | 196,849 | 881,396 | 960,723 | 1,097,679 | 56.4 | 48.8 | 45.3 | 61.7 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
| Industry | 14,458 | 42,179 | 90,435 | 432,004 | 502,308 | 622,918 | 29.8 | 21.8 | 20.8 | 30.2 | 31.4 | 34.1 | |
| Agriculture | 2,810 | 5,131 | 11,490 | 25,219 | 54,820 | 64,764 | 5.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | |
| Construction | 617 | 1,330 | 4,408 | 9,901 | 13,134 | 17,159 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |
| Trade and catering | 4,341 | 22,887 | 45,155 | 113,489 | 118,737 | 115,853 | 8.9 | 11.8 | 10.4 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 6.3 | |
| Other | 5,152 | 22,738 | 45,362 | 300,784 | 271,724 | 276,986 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 10.4 | 21.0 | 17.0 | 15.1 | |
| Long-term credit | 21,128 | 99,035 | 238,042 | 547,791 | 639,888 | 731,310 | 43.6 | 51.2 | 54.7 | 38.3 | 40.0 | 40.0 | |
| Industry | 6,961 | 48,188 | 77,825 | 259,323 | 293,754 | 279,159 | 14.4 | 24.9 | 17.9 | 18.1 | 18.4 | 15.3 | |
| Agriculture | 639 | 6,548 | 39,473 | 86,638 | 113,461 | 136,296 | 1.3 | 3.4 | 9.1 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 7.5 | |
| Housing construction | 8,987 | 24,861 | 86,246 | 200,838 | … | 294,362 | 18.5 | 12.9 | 19.8 | 14.1 | … | 16.1 | |
| Other | 4,540 | 19,438 | 34,498 | 992 | 232,673 | 21,492 | 9.4 | 10.1 | 7.9 | 0.1 | 14.5 | 1.2 | |
| Type of borrower | |||||||||||||
| Short-term credit | 27,378 | 94,265 | 196,849 | 881,396 | 960,723 | 1,097,679 | 56.4 | 48.8 | 45.3 | 61.7 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
| State enterprises | 11,575 | 41,922 | 66,632 | 437,858 | 458,807 | 548,606 | 23.9 | 21.7 | 15.3 | 30.6 | 28.7 | 30.0 | |
| Private sector | 14,019 | 45,650 | 118,464 | 430,397 | 489,797 | 534,924 | 28.9 | 23.6 | 27.2 | 30.1 | 30.6 | 29.2 | |
| Households | 861 | 3,707 | 8,521 | 12,000 | 11,284 | 12,215 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Other | 923 | 2,987 | 3,233 | 1,141 | 835 | 1,936 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Long-term credit | 21,128 | 99,035 | 238,042 | 547,791 | 639,888 | 731,310 | 43.6 | 51.2 | 54.7 | 38.3 | 40.0 | 40.0 | |
| State enterprises | 5,217 | 32,488 | 83,303 | 206,434 | 239,126 | 275,889 | 10.8 | 16.8 | 19.2 | 14.4 | 14.9 | 15.1 | |
| Private sector | 6,715 | 38,963 | 94,228 | 217,136 | 250,201 | 281,357 | 13.8 | 20.2 | 21.7 | 15.2 | 15.6 | 15.4 | |
| Households | 8,017 | 21,256 | 58,020 | 124,212 | 150,456 | 174,063 | 16.5 | 11.0 | 13.3 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 9.5 | |
| Other | 1,179 | 6,328 | 2,491 | 9 | 105 | 0 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Belarus: Composition of Bank Lending by Type of Credit and Sector, 1997-2001 (Q2)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of rubels) | Q1 | Q2 | (Share of total) | Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| Total bank credit | 48,506 | 193,300 | 434,891 | 1,429,188 | 1,600,611 | 1,828,989 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Type of credit | |||||||||||||
| Short-term credit | 27,378 | 94,265 | 196,849 | 881,396 | 960,723 | 1,097,679 | 56.4 | 48.8 | 45.3 | 61.7 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
| Industry | 14,458 | 42,179 | 90,435 | 432,004 | 502,308 | 622,918 | 29.8 | 21.8 | 20.8 | 30.2 | 31.4 | 34.1 | |
| Agriculture | 2,810 | 5,131 | 11,490 | 25,219 | 54,820 | 64,764 | 5.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | |
| Construction | 617 | 1,330 | 4,408 | 9,901 | 13,134 | 17,159 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |
| Trade and catering | 4,341 | 22,887 | 45,155 | 113,489 | 118,737 | 115,853 | 8.9 | 11.8 | 10.4 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 6.3 | |
| Other | 5,152 | 22,738 | 45,362 | 300,784 | 271,724 | 276,986 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 10.4 | 21.0 | 17.0 | 15.1 | |
| Long-term credit | 21,128 | 99,035 | 238,042 | 547,791 | 639,888 | 731,310 | 43.6 | 51.2 | 54.7 | 38.3 | 40.0 | 40.0 | |
| Industry | 6,961 | 48,188 | 77,825 | 259,323 | 293,754 | 279,159 | 14.4 | 24.9 | 17.9 | 18.1 | 18.4 | 15.3 | |
| Agriculture | 639 | 6,548 | 39,473 | 86,638 | 113,461 | 136,296 | 1.3 | 3.4 | 9.1 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 7.5 | |
| Housing construction | 8,987 | 24,861 | 86,246 | 200,838 | … | 294,362 | 18.5 | 12.9 | 19.8 | 14.1 | … | 16.1 | |
| Other | 4,540 | 19,438 | 34,498 | 992 | 232,673 | 21,492 | 9.4 | 10.1 | 7.9 | 0.1 | 14.5 | 1.2 | |
| Type of borrower | |||||||||||||
| Short-term credit | 27,378 | 94,265 | 196,849 | 881,396 | 960,723 | 1,097,679 | 56.4 | 48.8 | 45.3 | 61.7 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
| State enterprises | 11,575 | 41,922 | 66,632 | 437,858 | 458,807 | 548,606 | 23.9 | 21.7 | 15.3 | 30.6 | 28.7 | 30.0 | |
| Private sector | 14,019 | 45,650 | 118,464 | 430,397 | 489,797 | 534,924 | 28.9 | 23.6 | 27.2 | 30.1 | 30.6 | 29.2 | |
| Households | 861 | 3,707 | 8,521 | 12,000 | 11,284 | 12,215 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Other | 923 | 2,987 | 3,233 | 1,141 | 835 | 1,936 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Long-term credit | 21,128 | 99,035 | 238,042 | 547,791 | 639,888 | 731,310 | 43.6 | 51.2 | 54.7 | 38.3 | 40.0 | 40.0 | |
| State enterprises | 5,217 | 32,488 | 83,303 | 206,434 | 239,126 | 275,889 | 10.8 | 16.8 | 19.2 | 14.4 | 14.9 | 15.1 | |
| Private sector | 6,715 | 38,963 | 94,228 | 217,136 | 250,201 | 281,357 | 13.8 | 20.2 | 21.7 | 15.2 | 15.6 | 15.4 | |
| Households | 8,017 | 21,256 | 58,020 | 124,212 | 150,456 | 174,063 | 16.5 | 11.0 | 13.3 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 9.5 | |
| Other | 1,179 | 6,328 | 2,491 | 9 | 105 | 0 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Belarus: Auction of Securities Issued by the Ministry of Finance, 1999-2000
(Average per auction)
Belarus: Auction of Securities Issued by the Ministry of Finance, 1999-2000
(Average per auction)
| Maturity | Amount | Amount | Percent | Revenue | Price bids | Weighted | Annualized yield | Monthly average | Number of | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (days) | offered | sold | sold | raised | low | cut-off | high | average | (percent) | yield (percent) | participants | |||
| 1999 | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term securities | ||||||||||||||
| Jan | 316 | 0 | 7 | … | 5 | 0.0 | 72.8 | 0.0 | 72.8 | 43.2 | 3.6 | 1 | ||
| Feb | 228 | 1,700 | 1,375 | 80.9 | 1,044 | 49.0 | 78.7 | 64.0 | 75.9 | 51.4 | 4.3 | 2 | ||
| Mar | 325 | 4,400 | 1,422 | 32.3 | 830 | 46.9 | 63.5 | 83.0 | 58.4 | 82.0 | 6.8 | 4 | ||
| Apr | 160 | 5,400 | 2,127 | 39.4 | 1,574 | 50.0 | 74.1 | 82.4 | 74.0 | 89.1 | 7.4 | 6 | ||
| May | 123 | 6,800 | 3,552 | 52.2 | 2,741 | 78.0 | 75.9 | 80.2 | 77.2 | 89.8 | 7.5 | 4 | ||
| Jun | 102 | 8,500 | 3,450 | 40.6 | 2,758 | 75.0 | 80.4 | 79.0 | 79.9 | 90.0 | 7.5 | 12 | ||
| Jul | 81 | 5,100 | 7,898 | 154.9 | 6,618 | 67.7 | 80.3 | 69.0 | 83.8 | 90.0 | 7.5 | 10 | ||
| Aug | 167 | 13,900 | 10,017 | 72.1 | 7,103 | 67.7 | 71.7 | 69.3 | 70.9 | 89.9 | 7.5 | 12 | ||
| Sep | 178 | 8,100 | 12,479 | 154.1 | 8,671 | 68.1 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 69.5 | 90.0 | 7.5 | 18 | ||
| Oct | 177 | 7,100 | 9,575 | 134.9 | 6,680 | 68.1 | 69.7 | 68.2 | 69.8 | 89.7 | 7.5 | 17 | ||
| Nov | 275 | 13,500 | 7,929 | 58.7 | 4,627 | 54.7 | 59.2 | 59.6 | 58.4 | 95.2 | 7.9 | 8 | ||
| Dec | 302 | 15,000 | 11,331 | 75.5 | 7,974 | 52.6 | 56.9 | … | 70.4 | 74.7 | 6.2 | 5 | ||
| Long-term securities | ||||||||||||||
| Nov | … | … | … | … | 613 | 101.7 | 107.6 | 118.5 | … | … | … | 1 | ||
| 2000 | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term securities | ||||||||||||||
| Jan | 263 | 12,900 | 8,231 | 63.8 | 4,107 | 47.7 | 50.4 | 51.6 | 49.9 | 139.7 | 11.6 | 6 | ||
| Feb | 251 | 17,200 | 19,692 | 114.5 | 9,786 | 43.9 | 50.5 | 47.8 | 49.7 | 148.4 | 12.4 | 11 | ||
| Mar | 198 | 18,600 | 29,184 | 156.9 | 18,360 | 48.2 | 64.5 | 80.4 | 62.9 | 113.8 | 9.5 | 22 | ||
| Long-term securities | ||||||||||||||
| 22 Feb | 1,004 | 4,300 | 430 | 10.0 | 430 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | … | … | … | ||
Belarus: Auction of Securities Issued by the Ministry of Finance, 1999-2000
(Average per auction)
| Maturity | Amount | Amount | Percent | Revenue | Price bids | Weighted | Annualized yield | Monthly average | Number of | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (days) | offered | sold | sold | raised | low | cut-off | high | average | (percent) | yield (percent) | participants | |||
| 1999 | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term securities | ||||||||||||||
| Jan | 316 | 0 | 7 | … | 5 | 0.0 | 72.8 | 0.0 | 72.8 | 43.2 | 3.6 | 1 | ||
| Feb | 228 | 1,700 | 1,375 | 80.9 | 1,044 | 49.0 | 78.7 | 64.0 | 75.9 | 51.4 | 4.3 | 2 | ||
| Mar | 325 | 4,400 | 1,422 | 32.3 | 830 | 46.9 | 63.5 | 83.0 | 58.4 | 82.0 | 6.8 | 4 | ||
| Apr | 160 | 5,400 | 2,127 | 39.4 | 1,574 | 50.0 | 74.1 | 82.4 | 74.0 | 89.1 | 7.4 | 6 | ||
| May | 123 | 6,800 | 3,552 | 52.2 | 2,741 | 78.0 | 75.9 | 80.2 | 77.2 | 89.8 | 7.5 | 4 | ||
| Jun | 102 | 8,500 | 3,450 | 40.6 | 2,758 | 75.0 | 80.4 | 79.0 | 79.9 | 90.0 | 7.5 | 12 | ||
| Jul | 81 | 5,100 | 7,898 | 154.9 | 6,618 | 67.7 | 80.3 | 69.0 | 83.8 | 90.0 | 7.5 | 10 | ||
| Aug | 167 | 13,900 | 10,017 | 72.1 | 7,103 | 67.7 | 71.7 | 69.3 | 70.9 | 89.9 | 7.5 | 12 | ||
| Sep | 178 | 8,100 | 12,479 | 154.1 | 8,671 | 68.1 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 69.5 | 90.0 | 7.5 | 18 | ||
| Oct | 177 | 7,100 | 9,575 | 134.9 | 6,680 | 68.1 | 69.7 | 68.2 | 69.8 | 89.7 | 7.5 | 17 | ||
| Nov | 275 | 13,500 | 7,929 | 58.7 | 4,627 | 54.7 | 59.2 | 59.6 | 58.4 | 95.2 | 7.9 | 8 | ||
| Dec | 302 | 15,000 | 11,331 | 75.5 | 7,974 | 52.6 | 56.9 | … | 70.4 | 74.7 | 6.2 | 5 | ||
| Long-term securities | ||||||||||||||
| Nov | … | … | … | … | 613 | 101.7 | 107.6 | 118.5 | … | … | … | 1 | ||
| 2000 | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term securities | ||||||||||||||
| Jan | 263 | 12,900 | 8,231 | 63.8 | 4,107 | 47.7 | 50.4 | 51.6 | 49.9 | 139.7 | 11.6 | 6 | ||
| Feb | 251 | 17,200 | 19,692 | 114.5 | 9,786 | 43.9 | 50.5 | 47.8 | 49.7 | 148.4 | 12.4 | 11 | ||
| Mar | 198 | 18,600 | 29,184 | 156.9 | 18,360 | 48.2 | 64.5 | 80.4 | 62.9 | 113.8 | 9.5 | 22 | ||
| Long-term securities | ||||||||||||||
| 22 Feb | 1,004 | 4,300 | 430 | 10.0 | 430 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | … | … | … | ||
Belarus: Minimum Reserve Requirements, 1996-2001 (November)
(In percent of eligible deposits; beginning of period)
Different rates apply to different maturities for Belarusbank: less than one year, between one and three years, more than three years.
For July 1996 and 1997, there were three different reserve requirements: for maturity of less than a month; between a month and 90 days; and greater than 90 days. There was no reserve requiremen
Belarus: Minimum Reserve Requirements, 1996-2001 (November)
(In percent of eligible deposits; beginning of period)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May | July | May | September | July | August | April | December | March | December | November | ||||
| Category of deposits: | ||||||||||||||
| Domestic currency deposits | ||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 12 | 15 | 17 | 21 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 16 | |||
| Time deposits with maturity of: | ||||||||||||||
| less than one year 2/ | 12 | 15/10/5 | 17/13/5 | 21/17/5 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 16 | |||
| between one and three years | 12 | 5 | … | … | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 16 | |||
| greater than three years | 12 | 5 | … | … | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 16 | |||
| Deposits of nonresident banks | … | … | … | 54 | 46 | 46 | … | … | … | … | ||||
| Belarusbank 1/ | 12 | 15/10/5 | 17/13/5 | 21/17/5 | 18 | 16 | … | … | … | … | … | |||
| Foreign exchange deposits | 12 | 15/10/5 | 17/13/5 | 21/17/5 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 12 | |||
Different rates apply to different maturities for Belarusbank: less than one year, between one and three years, more than three years.
For July 1996 and 1997, there were three different reserve requirements: for maturity of less than a month; between a month and 90 days; and greater than 90 days. There was no reserve requiremen
Belarus: Minimum Reserve Requirements, 1996-2001 (November)
(In percent of eligible deposits; beginning of period)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May | July | May | September | July | August | April | December | March | December | November | ||||
| Category of deposits: | ||||||||||||||
| Domestic currency deposits | ||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 12 | 15 | 17 | 21 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 16 | |||
| Time deposits with maturity of: | ||||||||||||||
| less than one year 2/ | 12 | 15/10/5 | 17/13/5 | 21/17/5 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 16 | |||
| between one and three years | 12 | 5 | … | … | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 16 | |||
| greater than three years | 12 | 5 | … | … | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 16 | |||
| Deposits of nonresident banks | … | … | … | 54 | 46 | 46 | … | … | … | … | ||||
| Belarusbank 1/ | 12 | 15/10/5 | 17/13/5 | 21/17/5 | 18 | 16 | … | … | … | … | … | |||
| Foreign exchange deposits | 12 | 15/10/5 | 17/13/5 | 21/17/5 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 12 | |||
Different rates apply to different maturities for Belarusbank: less than one year, between one and three years, more than three years.
For July 1996 and 1997, there were three different reserve requirements: for maturity of less than a month; between a month and 90 days; and greater than 90 days. There was no reserve requiremen
Belarus: Interest Rates of the National Bank of Belarus, 2000-2001 (July)
(In percent per annum; beginning of period)
Calculated at the average rate of the last Lombard auction of the previous month.
The interest rate on credit to die government differed according type of credit: 0 percent - on credits, financing the budgetary expenditure on compensation of losses deposits of the population, budgetary directed credits to the agro-industrial complex and housing construction; the refinance rate - on financing the budget deficit 6.5 percent - on deficit financing of the previous years.
Belarus: Interest Rates of the National Bank of Belarus, 2000-2001 (July)
(In percent per annum; beginning of period)
| 2000 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | ||
| Required reserves | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial banks, excluding Belarusbank | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Belarusbank | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Basic Lombard rate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| for period less than 14 days | 150 | 150 | 180 | 180 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 160 | 165 | 155 | 135 | |
| for 15 to 30 days | 160 | 160 | 190 | 190 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 180 | 180 | 180 | 180 | 180 | 170 | 175 | 165 | 145 | |
| Refinance rates | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic rate | 120 | 150 | 175 | 150 | 110 | 100 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 75 | 70 | 68 | 64 | 55 | |
| Average refinance rate | 23 | 19 | 22 | 18 | 17 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 21 | 20 | 13 | 9 | 7 | 5 | |
| Special refinance rates | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Belpromstroibank | 5-122 | 5-152 | 5-177 | 5-132 | 5-112 | 5-102 | 5-92 | 5-92 | 5-92 | 5-87 | 5-85 | 5-85 | 5-80 | 80 | 75 | 70 | 68 | 64 | 55 | |
| Belagroprombank | 2-119 | 2-149 | 2-174 | 2-129 | 2-109 | 2-99 | 2-89 | 2-89 | 2-89 | 2-84 | 2-84 | 2-84 | 2-79 | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Recapitalization of enterprises | 4-122 | 4-152 | 4-177 | 4-132 | 4-112 | 4-102 | 4-92 | 4-92 | 4-87 | 4-87 | 4-87 | 4 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Individual fanners | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Housing | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Credit to government 2/ | 0/6.5/120 | 0/6.5/150 | 0/6.5/175 | 0/6.5/150 | 0/6.5/110 | 0/6.5/100 | 0/6.5/90 | 0/6.5/90 | 0/6.5/90 | 0/6.5/85 | 0/6.5/85 | 0/6.5/80 | 0/6.5/80 | 0/6.5/80 | 0/6.5/75 | 0/6.5/70 | 0/6.5/68 | 0/6.5/64 | 0/6.5/55 | |
Calculated at the average rate of the last Lombard auction of the previous month.
The interest rate on credit to die government differed according type of credit: 0 percent - on credits, financing the budgetary expenditure on compensation of losses deposits of the population, budgetary directed credits to the agro-industrial complex and housing construction; the refinance rate - on financing the budget deficit 6.5 percent - on deficit financing of the previous years.
Belarus: Interest Rates of the National Bank of Belarus, 2000-2001 (July)
(In percent per annum; beginning of period)
| 2000 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | ||
| Required reserves | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial banks, excluding Belarusbank | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Belarusbank | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Basic Lombard rate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| for period less than 14 days | 150 | 150 | 180 | 180 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 160 | 165 | 155 | 135 | |
| for 15 to 30 days | 160 | 160 | 190 | 190 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 180 | 180 | 180 | 180 | 180 | 170 | 175 | 165 | 145 | |
| Refinance rates | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic rate | 120 | 150 | 175 | 150 | 110 | 100 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 75 | 70 | 68 | 64 | 55 | |
| Average refinance rate | 23 | 19 | 22 | 18 | 17 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 21 | 20 | 13 | 9 | 7 | 5 | |
| Special refinance rates | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Belpromstroibank | 5-122 | 5-152 | 5-177 | 5-132 | 5-112 | 5-102 | 5-92 | 5-92 | 5-92 | 5-87 | 5-85 | 5-85 | 5-80 | 80 | 75 | 70 | 68 | 64 | 55 | |
| Belagroprombank | 2-119 | 2-149 | 2-174 | 2-129 | 2-109 | 2-99 | 2-89 | 2-89 | 2-89 | 2-84 | 2-84 | 2-84 | 2-79 | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Recapitalization of enterprises | 4-122 | 4-152 | 4-177 | 4-132 | 4-112 | 4-102 | 4-92 | 4-92 | 4-87 | 4-87 | 4-87 | 4 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Individual fanners | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Housing | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Credit to government 2/ | 0/6.5/120 | 0/6.5/150 | 0/6.5/175 | 0/6.5/150 | 0/6.5/110 | 0/6.5/100 | 0/6.5/90 | 0/6.5/90 | 0/6.5/90 | 0/6.5/85 | 0/6.5/85 | 0/6.5/80 | 0/6.5/80 | 0/6.5/80 | 0/6.5/75 | 0/6.5/70 | 0/6.5/68 | 0/6.5/64 | 0/6.5/55 | |
Calculated at the average rate of the last Lombard auction of the previous month.
The interest rate on credit to die government differed according type of credit: 0 percent - on credits, financing the budgetary expenditure on compensation of losses deposits of the population, budgetary directed credits to the agro-industrial complex and housing construction; the refinance rate - on financing the budget deficit 6.5 percent - on deficit financing of the previous years.
Belarus: Interest Rates on Bank Deposits, 2000-01 (June)
(In percent per annum)
Deposits received between die twenty-first day of the preceeding month and the twentieth day of the current month.
Deposits received within the current month. The interest rates for deposits with up to one month maturity are the average ratio on deposits from eight days to one month; the overall average includes the rates on deposits for one week or less.
Belarus: Interest Rates on Bank Deposits, 2000-01 (June)
(In percent per annum)
| 2000 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | ||||
| Deposits with commercial banks 1/ | 32.9 | 36.1 | 38.4 | 43.1 | 41.6 | 40.1 | 36.3 | 35.8 | 35.6 | 35.4 | 36.2 | 39.1 | 44.6 | 42.3 | 40.4 | 38 | 36.1 | 34.1 | |||
| Of which: Belarusbank | 26.0 | 27.8 | 28.8 | 35.6 | 33.2 | 30.3 | 29.2 | 30.8 | 28.8 | 26.5 | 26.7 | 28.0 | 30.4 | 33.3 | 34.3 | 34.2 | 32.1 | 30.2 | |||
| Belpromstroibank | 22.1 | 28.6 | 30.0 | 40.2 | 40.6 | 43.0 | 40.3 | 38.6 | 40.5 | 43.2 | 44.5 | 44.2 | 41.9 | 39 | 37.4 | 34.7 | 34.8 | 35.9 | |||
| Belagroprombank | 36.9 | 38.6 | 40.0 | 38.8 | 39.5 | 37.8 | 35.2 | 34.1 | 34.4 | 36.8 | 37.1 | 44.4 | 63 | 49.3 | 46.6 | 40.5 | 36.7 | 34.7 | |||
| New deposits 2/ | 86.9 | 103.4 | 88.1 | 96.9 | 91.9 | 85.0 | 81.5 | 78.6 | 78.4 | 77.6 | 75.6 | 84.5 | 85.6 | 78.6 | 70.3 | 64.2 | 64.1 | 55.1 | |||
| Up to 1 month | 99.1 | 113.5 | 87.0 | 103.4 | 92.8 | 90.0 | 84.5 | 80.2 | 79.0 | 79.0 | 76.3 | 90.5 | 83.5 | 72.9 | 66.7 | 628 | 59 | 52 | |||
| 1 to 3 months | 90.4 | 112.6 | 111.2 | 108.5 | 110.0 | 104.7 | 99.3 | 94.4 | 95.9 | 92.7 | 94.4 | 96.3 | 94.6 | 92.1 | 82.4 | 78.1 | 73.7 | 65.4 | |||
| 3 to 6 months | 94.9 | 112.5 | 117.6 | 107.7 | 113.4 | 102.3 | 94.3 | 89.6 | 95.5 | 96.7 | 97.5 | 100.7 | 104.8 | 104 | 99 | 90.6 | 88.3 | 75.5 | |||
| 6 to 12 months | 83.2 | 113.9 | 75.8 | 80.4 | 91.7 | 99.3 | 96.7 | 99.2 | 106.6 | 106.5 | 85.3 | 106.6 | 116.6 | 112.3 | 106.6 | 100.4 | 96.8 | 85.7 | |||
| 1 to 3 years | 112.0 | 123.8 | 137.3 | 141.2 | 138.4 | 127.1 | 100.5 | 121.1 | 116.8 | 118.2 | 108.4 | 110.1 | 125.9 | 125.9 | 118.7 | 110.4 | 110.4 | 97.3 | |||
| More than 3 years | 120.0 | 139.4 | 169.9 | 175.5 | 152.4 | 39.8 | 65.3 | 92.8 | 52.2 | 47.7 | 129.1 | 116.7 | 130 | 128.3 | 122.9 | 107.5 | 111.4 | 41.1 | |||
Deposits received between die twenty-first day of the preceeding month and the twentieth day of the current month.
Deposits received within the current month. The interest rates for deposits with up to one month maturity are the average ratio on deposits from eight days to one month; the overall average includes the rates on deposits for one week or less.
Belarus: Interest Rates on Bank Deposits, 2000-01 (June)
(In percent per annum)
| 2000 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | ||||
| Deposits with commercial banks 1/ | 32.9 | 36.1 | 38.4 | 43.1 | 41.6 | 40.1 | 36.3 | 35.8 | 35.6 | 35.4 | 36.2 | 39.1 | 44.6 | 42.3 | 40.4 | 38 | 36.1 | 34.1 | |||
| Of which: Belarusbank | 26.0 | 27.8 | 28.8 | 35.6 | 33.2 | 30.3 | 29.2 | 30.8 | 28.8 | 26.5 | 26.7 | 28.0 | 30.4 | 33.3 | 34.3 | 34.2 | 32.1 | 30.2 | |||
| Belpromstroibank | 22.1 | 28.6 | 30.0 | 40.2 | 40.6 | 43.0 | 40.3 | 38.6 | 40.5 | 43.2 | 44.5 | 44.2 | 41.9 | 39 | 37.4 | 34.7 | 34.8 | 35.9 | |||
| Belagroprombank | 36.9 | 38.6 | 40.0 | 38.8 | 39.5 | 37.8 | 35.2 | 34.1 | 34.4 | 36.8 | 37.1 | 44.4 | 63 | 49.3 | 46.6 | 40.5 | 36.7 | 34.7 | |||
| New deposits 2/ | 86.9 | 103.4 | 88.1 | 96.9 | 91.9 | 85.0 | 81.5 | 78.6 | 78.4 | 77.6 | 75.6 | 84.5 | 85.6 | 78.6 | 70.3 | 64.2 | 64.1 | 55.1 | |||
| Up to 1 month | 99.1 | 113.5 | 87.0 | 103.4 | 92.8 | 90.0 | 84.5 | 80.2 | 79.0 | 79.0 | 76.3 | 90.5 | 83.5 | 72.9 | 66.7 | 628 | 59 | 52 | |||
| 1 to 3 months | 90.4 | 112.6 | 111.2 | 108.5 | 110.0 | 104.7 | 99.3 | 94.4 | 95.9 | 92.7 | 94.4 | 96.3 | 94.6 | 92.1 | 82.4 | 78.1 | 73.7 | 65.4 | |||
| 3 to 6 months | 94.9 | 112.5 | 117.6 | 107.7 | 113.4 | 102.3 | 94.3 | 89.6 | 95.5 | 96.7 | 97.5 | 100.7 | 104.8 | 104 | 99 | 90.6 | 88.3 | 75.5 | |||
| 6 to 12 months | 83.2 | 113.9 | 75.8 | 80.4 | 91.7 | 99.3 | 96.7 | 99.2 | 106.6 | 106.5 | 85.3 | 106.6 | 116.6 | 112.3 | 106.6 | 100.4 | 96.8 | 85.7 | |||
| 1 to 3 years | 112.0 | 123.8 | 137.3 | 141.2 | 138.4 | 127.1 | 100.5 | 121.1 | 116.8 | 118.2 | 108.4 | 110.1 | 125.9 | 125.9 | 118.7 | 110.4 | 110.4 | 97.3 | |||
| More than 3 years | 120.0 | 139.4 | 169.9 | 175.5 | 152.4 | 39.8 | 65.3 | 92.8 | 52.2 | 47.7 | 129.1 | 116.7 | 130 | 128.3 | 122.9 | 107.5 | 111.4 | 41.1 | |||
Deposits received between die twenty-first day of the preceeding month and the twentieth day of the current month.
Deposits received within the current month. The interest rates for deposits with up to one month maturity are the average ratio on deposits from eight days to one month; the overall average includes the rates on deposits for one week or less.
Belarus: Interest Rates on Bank Credit, 2000-01 (June)
(In percent per annum; period average)
Interest rates on credits granted between the twenty-first day of die proceeding and the twentieth day of the current month.
Interest rates for maturities up to one month are the average rates on credits from eight days to one month; the overall average includes the rates on credits for one week or less.
Belarus: Interest Rates on Bank Credit, 2000-01 (June)
(In percent per annum; period average)
| 2000 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | ||
| Average lending interest rate 1/ | 73.2 | 80.6 | 82.6 | 75.4 | 71.3 | 69.5 | 67.3 | 66.2 | 64.9 | 62.8 | 61.9 | 60.9 | 59.9 | 56.5 | 53.3 | 51.8 | 49.6 | 47.5 | |
| Of which: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Belarusbank | 50.6 | 52.3 | 55.2 | 51.9 | 50.0 | 49.5 | 50.7 | 51.1 | 50.5 | 49.8 | 49.0 | 47.2 | 44.9 | 44 | 41.9 | 42 | 40.1 | 39.4 | |
| Promstroibank | 110.6 | 118.5 | 129.9 | 116.7 | 111.1 | 107.9 | 103.8 | 98.3 | 97.3 | 92.6 | 92.7 | 92.4 | 90.5 | 89.9 | 87.7 | 85 | 82.4 | 78.3 | |
| Agroprombank | 68.5 | 72.0 | 74.3 | 62.1 | 54.5 | 50.5 | 48.3 | 48.1 | 47.6 | 47.2 | 46.1 | 43.6 | 42.7 | 41.3 | 38.3 | 37.7 | 35.3 | 34.2 | |
| By forms of property | |||||||||||||||||||
| Public | 93.4 | 104.6 | 108.2 | 95.0 | 87.5 | 84.1 | 82.8 | 81.8 | 80.1 | 78.9 | 78.7 | 75.6 | 73.9 | 73.2 | 70.1 | 68 | 66 | 63.4 | |
| Collective | 90.8 | 101.1 | 101.9 | 88.2 | 82.2 | 78.8 | 76.4 | 73.2 | 70.8 | 68.9 | 66.9 | 63.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Private | 108.5 | 120.6 | 129.7 | 115.3 | 109.6 | 103.8 | 99.2 | 94.5 | 95.7 | 93.0 | 88.3 | 86.3 | 91.9 | 91 | 88.6 | 85.2 | 81.8 | 76.5 | |
| Other | 106.2 | 122.5 | 123.7 | 113.5 | 108.9 | 105.8 | 101.6 | 96.6 | 91.0 | 87.1 | 86.6 | 84.5 | 56.2 | 55.2 | 53.5 | 51.4 | 48.5 | 46.5 | |
| By type of business | |||||||||||||||||||
| Industry | 118.3 | 136.0 | 141.7 | 119.5 | 110.0 | 104.7 | 101.4 | 92.8 | 87.6 | 84.3 | 83.4 | 81.2 | 81.9 | 83.6 | 81.3 | 78.7 | 77 | 74 | |
| Agriculture | 27.0 | 28.6 | 28.8 | 28.4 | 26.9 | 25.3 | 24.9 | 26.3 | 26.0 | 25.4 | 23.7 | 21.4 | 20.2 | 19 | 18.4 | 19.1 | 17.8 | 17.4 | |
| Forestry | 89.4 | 104.9 | 110.8 | 94.8 | 85.1 | 73.7 | 70.8 | 74.8 | 75.4 | 73.8 | 74.3 | 71.0 | 70.5 | 69.5 | 68.2 | 62.9 | 62.7 | 55.5 | |
| Construction | 111.0 | 125.7 | 129.5 | 117.4 | 114.7 | 113.8 | 111.6 | 109.4 | 107.4 | 103.3 | 109.6 | 100.2 | 99.2 | 97.3 | 92.9 | 91.2 | 89.8 | 86.8 | |
| Trade and Catering | 106.0 | 119.7 | 125.5 | 110.6 | 102.8 | 98.9 | 94.0 | 92.0 | 90.3 | 87.9 | 86.7 | 82.7 | 83.4 | 83.3 | 81.3 | 78.7 | 77.5 | 75 | |
| Information services | 109.2 | 136.4 | 144.7 | 126.0 | 108.8 | 122.4 | 105.9 | 115.8 | 114.3 | 109.1 | 112.2 | 103.6 | 91.3 | 97.2 | 99.3 | 89.2 | 95.6 | 94.8 | |
| Real estate transactions | 109.2 | 129.5 | 130.7 | 123.6 | 119.8 | 117.8 | 122.6 | 120.7 | 120.6 | 117.6 | 117.2 | 115.1 | 112.7 | 111.5 | 110.1 | 95.3 | 91.9 | 91 | |
| Residential services | 114.2 | 129.6 | 146.0 | 120.1 | 110.1 | 104.2 | 103.2 | 104.1 | 100.8 | 95.8 | 93.7 | 90.8 | 91.9 | 90.7 | 89 | 86.7 | 85.9 | 86.2 | |
| Other | 104.3 | 116.6 | 121.5 | 110.9 | 106.5 | 102.0 | 98.0 | 95.8 | 93.4 | 91.6 | 89.2 | 86.1 | 84.6 | 84.7 | 81.7 | 78.2 | 74.3 | 72.7 | |
| Bank credit for | |||||||||||||||||||
| Housing | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.9 | |
| Purchase of consumer goods | 51.9 | 52.3 | 52.7 | 54.3 | 54.8 | 55.1 | 55.4 | 56 | 56.6 | 57.3 | 58 | 58.5 | 58.9 | 59.2 | 59.5 | 58.8 | 58 | 57 | |
| Other credit | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interbank | 62.1 | 61.5 | 65.9 | 139.8 | 140.7 | 130.6 | 78.7 | 91.3 | 105.5 | 83.6 | 100.5 | 165.3 | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Payments arrears | 137.9 | 159.8 | 166.6 | 142.8 | 140.8 | 139.3 | 131.6 | 127.8 | 127.5 | 126.3 | 114 | 122 | 117.9 | 116.6 | 111.4 | 101.8 | 98.1 | 95 | |
| Term structure of lending rates on new loans 2/ | 108.3 | 117.2 | 118.3 | 105.8 | 100.9 | 96.3 | 90.2 | 85 | 84.4 | 84 | 82.8 | 79.3 | 82 | 78 | 76.2 | 76.3 | 74.6 | 73.6 | |
| Up to 1 month | 112.9 | 125.9 | 126.3 | 112.1 | 106.2 | 100.1 | 96.9 | 95.2 | 92.7 | 89.6 | 88.7 | 87.2 | 87.3 | 87.6 | 84.6 | 82.6 | 80.2 | 77.7 | |
| 1 to 3 months | 111.1 | 128.5 | 127.9 | 111.3 | 103.1 | 98.0 | 94.5 | 92.6 | 90 | 88.8 | 87.5 | 83.6 | 85.3 | 83.8 | 81.2 | 80 | 78.5 | 75.3 | |
| 3 to 6 months | 121.2 | 127.4 | 124.8 | 113.2 | 105.2 | 102.9 | 103.5 | 98.8 | 96.7 | 97 | 91.4 | 92.3 | 89.8 | 84.4 | 83.7 | 84.2 | 84.6 | 79.2 | |
| 6 to 12 months | 111.8 | 106.1 | 112.3 | 104.7 | 104.9 | 100.6 | 89.8 | 77.4 | 78.7 | 85.8 | 87.1 | 86.4 | 84.3 | 78.4 | 70.4 | 76.4 | 79.4 | 77.5 | |
| 1 to 3 years | 103.6 | 95.3 | 93.6 | 98.8 | 89.4 | 95.8 | 58.5 | 72.4 | 74.9 | 87.1 | 72.7 | 71 | 84.8 | 74.6 | 69.5 | 68.6 | 72.6 | 69.7 | |
| More than 3 years | 10.3 | 9.6 | 11.3 | 27.2 | 33.8 | 14.7 | 10.5 | 12.4 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 8.2 | 9.5 | 8.3 | 8 | 8.5 | 17.6 | 10.9 | 9.7 | |
Interest rates on credits granted between the twenty-first day of die proceeding and the twentieth day of the current month.
Interest rates for maturities up to one month are the average rates on credits from eight days to one month; the overall average includes the rates on credits for one week or less.
Belarus: Interest Rates on Bank Credit, 2000-01 (June)
(In percent per annum; period average)
| 2000 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | ||
| Average lending interest rate 1/ | 73.2 | 80.6 | 82.6 | 75.4 | 71.3 | 69.5 | 67.3 | 66.2 | 64.9 | 62.8 | 61.9 | 60.9 | 59.9 | 56.5 | 53.3 | 51.8 | 49.6 | 47.5 | |
| Of which: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Belarusbank | 50.6 | 52.3 | 55.2 | 51.9 | 50.0 | 49.5 | 50.7 | 51.1 | 50.5 | 49.8 | 49.0 | 47.2 | 44.9 | 44 | 41.9 | 42 | 40.1 | 39.4 | |
| Promstroibank | 110.6 | 118.5 | 129.9 | 116.7 | 111.1 | 107.9 | 103.8 | 98.3 | 97.3 | 92.6 | 92.7 | 92.4 | 90.5 | 89.9 | 87.7 | 85 | 82.4 | 78.3 | |
| Agroprombank | 68.5 | 72.0 | 74.3 | 62.1 | 54.5 | 50.5 | 48.3 | 48.1 | 47.6 | 47.2 | 46.1 | 43.6 | 42.7 | 41.3 | 38.3 | 37.7 | 35.3 | 34.2 | |
| By forms of property | |||||||||||||||||||
| Public | 93.4 | 104.6 | 108.2 | 95.0 | 87.5 | 84.1 | 82.8 | 81.8 | 80.1 | 78.9 | 78.7 | 75.6 | 73.9 | 73.2 | 70.1 | 68 | 66 | 63.4 | |
| Collective | 90.8 | 101.1 | 101.9 | 88.2 | 82.2 | 78.8 | 76.4 | 73.2 | 70.8 | 68.9 | 66.9 | 63.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Private | 108.5 | 120.6 | 129.7 | 115.3 | 109.6 | 103.8 | 99.2 | 94.5 | 95.7 | 93.0 | 88.3 | 86.3 | 91.9 | 91 | 88.6 | 85.2 | 81.8 | 76.5 | |
| Other | 106.2 | 122.5 | 123.7 | 113.5 | 108.9 | 105.8 | 101.6 | 96.6 | 91.0 | 87.1 | 86.6 | 84.5 | 56.2 | 55.2 | 53.5 | 51.4 | 48.5 | 46.5 | |
| By type of business | |||||||||||||||||||
| Industry | 118.3 | 136.0 | 141.7 | 119.5 | 110.0 | 104.7 | 101.4 | 92.8 | 87.6 | 84.3 | 83.4 | 81.2 | 81.9 | 83.6 | 81.3 | 78.7 | 77 | 74 | |
| Agriculture | 27.0 | 28.6 | 28.8 | 28.4 | 26.9 | 25.3 | 24.9 | 26.3 | 26.0 | 25.4 | 23.7 | 21.4 | 20.2 | 19 | 18.4 | 19.1 | 17.8 | 17.4 | |
| Forestry | 89.4 | 104.9 | 110.8 | 94.8 | 85.1 | 73.7 | 70.8 | 74.8 | 75.4 | 73.8 | 74.3 | 71.0 | 70.5 | 69.5 | 68.2 | 62.9 | 62.7 | 55.5 | |
| Construction | 111.0 | 125.7 | 129.5 | 117.4 | 114.7 | 113.8 | 111.6 | 109.4 | 107.4 | 103.3 | 109.6 | 100.2 | 99.2 | 97.3 | 92.9 | 91.2 | 89.8 | 86.8 | |
| Trade and Catering | 106.0 | 119.7 | 125.5 | 110.6 | 102.8 | 98.9 | 94.0 | 92.0 | 90.3 | 87.9 | 86.7 | 82.7 | 83.4 | 83.3 | 81.3 | 78.7 | 77.5 | 75 | |
| Information services | 109.2 | 136.4 | 144.7 | 126.0 | 108.8 | 122.4 | 105.9 | 115.8 | 114.3 | 109.1 | 112.2 | 103.6 | 91.3 | 97.2 | 99.3 | 89.2 | 95.6 | 94.8 | |
| Real estate transactions | 109.2 | 129.5 | 130.7 | 123.6 | 119.8 | 117.8 | 122.6 | 120.7 | 120.6 | 117.6 | 117.2 | 115.1 | 112.7 | 111.5 | 110.1 | 95.3 | 91.9 | 91 | |
| Residential services | 114.2 | 129.6 | 146.0 | 120.1 | 110.1 | 104.2 | 103.2 | 104.1 | 100.8 | 95.8 | 93.7 | 90.8 | 91.9 | 90.7 | 89 | 86.7 | 85.9 | 86.2 | |
| Other | 104.3 | 116.6 | 121.5 | 110.9 | 106.5 | 102.0 | 98.0 | 95.8 | 93.4 | 91.6 | 89.2 | 86.1 | 84.6 | 84.7 | 81.7 | 78.2 | 74.3 | 72.7 | |
| Bank credit for | |||||||||||||||||||
| Housing | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.9 | |
| Purchase of consumer goods | 51.9 | 52.3 | 52.7 | 54.3 | 54.8 | 55.1 | 55.4 | 56 | 56.6 | 57.3 | 58 | 58.5 | 58.9 | 59.2 | 59.5 | 58.8 | 58 | 57 | |
| Other credit | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interbank | 62.1 | 61.5 | 65.9 | 139.8 | 140.7 | 130.6 | 78.7 | 91.3 | 105.5 | 83.6 | 100.5 | 165.3 | … | … | … | … | … | … | |
| Payments arrears | 137.9 | 159.8 | 166.6 | 142.8 | 140.8 | 139.3 | 131.6 | 127.8 | 127.5 | 126.3 | 114 | 122 | 117.9 | 116.6 | 111.4 | 101.8 | 98.1 | 95 | |
| Term structure of lending rates on new loans 2/ | 108.3 | 117.2 | 118.3 | 105.8 | 100.9 | 96.3 | 90.2 | 85 | 84.4 | 84 | 82.8 | 79.3 | 82 | 78 | 76.2 | 76.3 | 74.6 | 73.6 | |
| Up to 1 month | 112.9 | 125.9 | 126.3 | 112.1 | 106.2 | 100.1 | 96.9 | 95.2 | 92.7 | 89.6 | 88.7 | 87.2 | 87.3 | 87.6 | 84.6 | 82.6 | 80.2 | 77.7 | |
| 1 to 3 months | 111.1 | 128.5 | 127.9 | 111.3 | 103.1 | 98.0 | 94.5 | 92.6 | 90 | 88.8 | 87.5 | 83.6 | 85.3 | 83.8 | 81.2 | 80 | 78.5 | 75.3 | |
| 3 to 6 months | 121.2 | 127.4 | 124.8 | 113.2 | 105.2 | 102.9 | 103.5 | 98.8 | 96.7 | 97 | 91.4 | 92.3 | 89.8 | 84.4 | 83.7 | 84.2 | 84.6 | 79.2 | |
| 6 to 12 months | 111.8 | 106.1 | 112.3 | 104.7 | 104.9 | 100.6 | 89.8 | 77.4 | 78.7 | 85.8 | 87.1 | 86.4 | 84.3 | 78.4 | 70.4 | 76.4 | 79.4 | 77.5 | |
| 1 to 3 years | 103.6 | 95.3 | 93.6 | 98.8 | 89.4 | 95.8 | 58.5 | 72.4 | 74.9 | 87.1 | 72.7 | 71 | 84.8 | 74.6 | 69.5 | 68.6 | 72.6 | 69.7 | |
| More than 3 years | 10.3 | 9.6 | 11.3 | 27.2 | 33.8 | 14.7 | 10.5 | 12.4 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 8.2 | 9.5 | 8.3 | 8 | 8.5 | 17.6 | 10.9 | 9.7 | |
Interest rates on credits granted between the twenty-first day of die proceeding and the twentieth day of the current month.
Interest rates for maturities up to one month are the average rates on credits from eight days to one month; the overall average includes the rates on credits for one week or less.
Belarus: Interest Rates on New Foreign Exchange Credits and Deposits, 2000-01 (June)
(In percent per annum)
Rates are on loans granted and deposits received between first and the 30th day of the current month.
Belarus: Interest Rates on New Foreign Exchange Credits and Deposits, 2000-01 (June)
(In percent per annum)
| 2000 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | ||
| Credits 1/ | 15.1 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 17.3 | 15.8 | 16.3 | 18.9 | 14.7 | 15.1 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 16.2 | 15.6 | 15.7 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 15.1 | 14.8 | |
| Up to 1 month | 17.9 | 20.7 | 16.1 | 20.0 | 18.0 | 16.1 | 15.3 | 8.2 | 13.1 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 17.9 | 20.1 | 17.9 | 14.9 | 17.0 | 16.2 | 15.1 | |
| 1 to 3 months | 18.2 | 16.9 | 15.9 | 16.3 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 19.0 | 18.0 | 14.2 | 16.6 | 17.0 | 17.2 | 15.2 | 16.0 | 15.8 | 14.4 | 13.8 | 14.0 | |
| 3 to 6 months | 18.3 | 18.9 | 19.0 | 18.5 | 14.7 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 17.6 | 18.2 | 16.7 | 16.0 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 17.0 | 17.2 | 15.7 | 17.5 | 17.3 | |
| 6 to 12 months | 11.2 | 17.3 | 17.1 | 17.9 | 17.0 | 16.6 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 15.1 | 15.0 | 15.5 | 15.9 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 15.5 | 15.2 | |
| 1 to 3 years | 15.3 | 15.6 | 14.9 | 15.6 | 15.9 | 15.9 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 15.5 | 15.3 | 18.5 | 15.8 | 15.9 | 14.3 | 14.5 | |
| More than 3 years | 15.2 | 16.2 | 17.0 | 15.8 | 16.7 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 17.3 | 0.0 | 16.0 | 22.1 | 20.4 | 15.6 | 16.5 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 15.9 | 11.3 | |
| Deposits 1/ | 9.1 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 8.5 | 9.8 | 9.1 | 10.1 | 9.1 | 9.9 | 9.6 | 8.4 | |
| Up to 1 month | 5.8 | 9.7 | 7.5 | 11.0 | 11.7 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 9.9 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 5.8 | 8.0 | 8.9 | 5.4 | |
| 1 to 3 months | 7.3 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 10.1 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 8.3 | 6.8 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 8.2 | |
| 3 to 6 months | 10.9 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 9.7 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.8 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 8.9 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 10.0 | 7.9 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 10.2 | |
| 6 to 12 months | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 9.8 | 11.2 | 10.2 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.2 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 10.3 | |
| 1 to 3 years | 11.4 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 12.6 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 14.3 | 11.9 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 12.7 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.0 | |
| More than 3 years | 14.1 | 13.9 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 14.5 | 14.7 | 13.8 | 15.0 | 14.4 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 14.3 | |
Rates are on loans granted and deposits received between first and the 30th day of the current month.
Belarus: Interest Rates on New Foreign Exchange Credits and Deposits, 2000-01 (June)
(In percent per annum)
| 2000 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | ||
| Credits 1/ | 15.1 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 17.3 | 15.8 | 16.3 | 18.9 | 14.7 | 15.1 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 16.2 | 15.6 | 15.7 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 15.1 | 14.8 | |
| Up to 1 month | 17.9 | 20.7 | 16.1 | 20.0 | 18.0 | 16.1 | 15.3 | 8.2 | 13.1 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 17.9 | 20.1 | 17.9 | 14.9 | 17.0 | 16.2 | 15.1 | |
| 1 to 3 months | 18.2 | 16.9 | 15.9 | 16.3 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 19.0 | 18.0 | 14.2 | 16.6 | 17.0 | 17.2 | 15.2 | 16.0 | 15.8 | 14.4 | 13.8 | 14.0 | |
| 3 to 6 months | 18.3 | 18.9 | 19.0 | 18.5 | 14.7 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 17.6 | 18.2 | 16.7 | 16.0 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 17.0 | 17.2 | 15.7 | 17.5 | 17.3 | |
| 6 to 12 months | 11.2 | 17.3 | 17.1 | 17.9 | 17.0 | 16.6 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 15.1 | 15.0 | 15.5 | 15.9 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 15.5 | 15.2 | |
| 1 to 3 years | 15.3 | 15.6 | 14.9 | 15.6 | 15.9 | 15.9 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 15.5 | 15.3 | 18.5 | 15.8 | 15.9 | 14.3 | 14.5 | |
| More than 3 years | 15.2 | 16.2 | 17.0 | 15.8 | 16.7 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 17.3 | 0.0 | 16.0 | 22.1 | 20.4 | 15.6 | 16.5 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 15.9 | 11.3 | |
| Deposits 1/ | 9.1 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 8.5 | 9.8 | 9.1 | 10.1 | 9.1 | 9.9 | 9.6 | 8.4 | |
| Up to 1 month | 5.8 | 9.7 | 7.5 | 11.0 | 11.7 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 9.9 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 5.8 | 8.0 | 8.9 | 5.4 | |
| 1 to 3 months | 7.3 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 10.1 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 8.3 | 6.8 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 8.2 | |
| 3 to 6 months | 10.9 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 9.7 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.8 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 8.9 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 10.0 | 7.9 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 10.2 | |
| 6 to 12 months | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 9.8 | 11.2 | 10.2 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.2 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 10.3 | |
| 1 to 3 years | 11.4 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 12.6 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 14.3 | 11.9 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 12.7 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.0 | |
| More than 3 years | 14.1 | 13.9 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 14.5 | 14.7 | 13.8 | 15.0 | 14.4 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 14.3 | |
Rates are on loans granted and deposits received between first and the 30th day of the current month.
Belarus: Structural Characteristics of the Banking Sector, 1998-2001 (June)
(In percent of total; end-of-period)
Belarus: Structural Characteristics of the Banking Sector, 1998-2001 (June)
(In percent of total; end-of-period)
| Former specialized banks | Belagroprombank | Belpromstroibank | Belvnesheconombank | Belarus bank | Other commercial banks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paid-in capital | ||||||
| 1998 | 30.2 | 0.0 | 7.2 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 69.8 |
| 1999 | 81.7 | 29.6 | 8.2 | 3.0 | 40.9 | 18.3 |
| 2000 (March) | 81.7 | 32.0 | 8.3 | 2.8 | 38.6 | 18.3 |
| 2001 (June) | 84.8 | 30.0 | 8.0 | 2.2 | 44.6 | 15.2 |
| Domestic currency loans | ||||||
| 1998 | 82.2 | 29.6 | 9.7 | 1.9 | 41.0 | 17.8 |
| 1999 | 81.7 | 29.6 | 8.2 | 3.0 | 40.9 | 18.3 |
| 2000 (March) | 81.7 | 32.0 | 8.3 | 2.8 | 38.6 | 18.3 |
| 2001 (June) | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Domestic currency deposits | ||||||
| 1998 | 70.4 | 11.5 | 26.3 | 2.7 | 29.9 | 29.6 |
| 1999 | 68.4 | 14.2 | 18.0 | 2.5 | 33.7 | 31.6 |
| 2000 (March) | 70.6 | 17.1 | 15.6 | 2.6 | 35.3 | 29.4 |
| 2001 (June) | 72.9 | 14.0 | 11.2 | 3.3 | 44.4 | 27.1 |
| Refinancing from NBB | ||||||
| 1998 | 99.8 | 37.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 61.8 | 0.2 |
| 1999 | 90.7 | 40.6 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 49.1 | 9.3 |
| 2000 (March) | 95.1 | 41.2 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 52.9 | 4.9 |
| 2001 (June) | 75.8 | 14.5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 60.3 | 24.2 |
Belarus: Structural Characteristics of the Banking Sector, 1998-2001 (June)
(In percent of total; end-of-period)
| Former specialized banks | Belagroprombank | Belpromstroibank | Belvnesheconombank | Belarus bank | Other commercial banks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paid-in capital | ||||||
| 1998 | 30.2 | 0.0 | 7.2 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 69.8 |
| 1999 | 81.7 | 29.6 | 8.2 | 3.0 | 40.9 | 18.3 |
| 2000 (March) | 81.7 | 32.0 | 8.3 | 2.8 | 38.6 | 18.3 |
| 2001 (June) | 84.8 | 30.0 | 8.0 | 2.2 | 44.6 | 15.2 |
| Domestic currency loans | ||||||
| 1998 | 82.2 | 29.6 | 9.7 | 1.9 | 41.0 | 17.8 |
| 1999 | 81.7 | 29.6 | 8.2 | 3.0 | 40.9 | 18.3 |
| 2000 (March) | 81.7 | 32.0 | 8.3 | 2.8 | 38.6 | 18.3 |
| 2001 (June) | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Domestic currency deposits | ||||||
| 1998 | 70.4 | 11.5 | 26.3 | 2.7 | 29.9 | 29.6 |
| 1999 | 68.4 | 14.2 | 18.0 | 2.5 | 33.7 | 31.6 |
| 2000 (March) | 70.6 | 17.1 | 15.6 | 2.6 | 35.3 | 29.4 |
| 2001 (June) | 72.9 | 14.0 | 11.2 | 3.3 | 44.4 | 27.1 |
| Refinancing from NBB | ||||||
| 1998 | 99.8 | 37.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 61.8 | 0.2 |
| 1999 | 90.7 | 40.6 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 49.1 | 9.3 |
| 2000 (March) | 95.1 | 41.2 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 52.9 | 4.9 |
| 2001 (June) | 75.8 | 14.5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 60.3 | 24.2 |
Belarus: Commercial Banks, Selected Indicators, 1997-2001 (June)
(In millions of rubels, unless otherwise indicated; end-of-period)
Belarus: Commercial Banks, Selected Indicators, 1997-2001 (June)
(In millions of rubels, unless otherwise indicated; end-of-period)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June | ||||||||
| Capital fund | 5,402.2 | 20,526.0 | 133,434.1 | 387,572.2 | 511,962.5 | |||
| Authorized funds | 5,608.1 | 4,841.7 | … | … | … | |||
| Unrealized exchange rate gains | 800.2 | 11,941.2 | … | … | … | |||
| Retained profits | 370.2 | 765.4 | … | … | … | |||
| Reevaluation fund | 1,521.4 | 2,796.6 | … | … | … | |||
| Idle resources | … | 0.0 | … | … | … | |||
| Main funds amortization | 1,038.5 | … | … | … | … | |||
| Long-term capital investments | 47.3 | … | … | … | … | |||
| Nonmaterial assets | 73.1 | 138.5 | … | … | … | |||
| Reserves of nonconvertible currencies | … | … | … | … | … | |||
| Shortfall in provisions against unrealized losses | 1,731.4 | 2,137.0 | … | … | … | |||
| Shares purchased by banks | 7.4 | 14.5 | … | … | … | |||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Balance sheet assets | 169,055.0 | 580,532.0 | 800,992.1 | 2,507,458.5 | 3,207,399.3 | |||
| Risk weighted assets | 44,767.5 | 181,208.1 | 423,876.2 | 1,586,623.8 | 2,080,248.0 | |||
| (In percent of balance sheet assets) | 26.5 | 31.2 | 52.9 | 63.3 | 64.9 | |||
| Capital adequacy ratio | 12.1 | 11.3 | 31.5 | 24.4 | 24.6 | |||
| Gross credit | 61,407.4 | 241,607.5 | 524,344.4 | 1,701,805.3 | 2,029,183.6 | |||
| (In percent of assets) | 36.3 | 41.5 | 65.5 | 67.9 | 63.3 | |||
| Arrears to banks | 6,496.9 | 29,514.8 | 53,193.5 | 199,582.7 | 283,399.7 | |||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 10.6 | 12.2 | 10.1 | 11.7 | 14.0 | |||
| (In percent of capital fund) | 120.3 | 143.8 | 39.9 | 51.5 | 55.4 | |||
| Principal arrears | 6,047.2 | 27,563.6 | 49,437.4 | 186,166.8 | 267,740.9 | |||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 9.9 | 11.4 | 9.4 | 10.9 | 13.2 | |||
| Interest arrears | 449.7 | 1,951.2 | 3,756.1 | 13,415.9 | 15,658.8 | |||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |||
| Required provisions against bad loans | 4,228.6 | 23,961.9 | 42,563.3 | 157,610.8 | 202,103.0 | |||
| (In percent of total loans) | 6.9 | 9.9 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 8.2 | |||
| (In percent of capital fund) | 78.3 | 116.7 | 31.9 | 40.7 | 39.5 | |||
| Actual provisions against bad loans | 2,484.0 | 12,106.2 | 30,617.5 | 122,294.3 | 135,236.4 | |||
| (In percent of total loans) | 4.1 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 7.1 | 5.5 | |||
| (In percent of capital fund) | 46.0 | 59.0 | 22.9 | 31.6 | 26.4 | |||
| Profits | 743.3 | 2,102.6 | 9,223.6 | 18,519.7 | 10,022.7 | |||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.5 | |||
| Memorandum items: | ||||||||
| Liquidity ratio | ||||||||
| Requirement | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | … | … | |||
| Unweighted average | 2.4 | 3.3 | 1.5 | … | … | |||
Belarus: Commercial Banks, Selected Indicators, 1997-2001 (June)
(In millions of rubels, unless otherwise indicated; end-of-period)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June | ||||||||
| Capital fund | 5,402.2 | 20,526.0 | 133,434.1 | 387,572.2 | 511,962.5 | |||
| Authorized funds | 5,608.1 | 4,841.7 | … | … | … | |||
| Unrealized exchange rate gains | 800.2 | 11,941.2 | … | … | … | |||
| Retained profits | 370.2 | 765.4 | … | … | … | |||
| Reevaluation fund | 1,521.4 | 2,796.6 | … | … | … | |||
| Idle resources | … | 0.0 | … | … | … | |||
| Main funds amortization | 1,038.5 | … | … | … | … | |||
| Long-term capital investments | 47.3 | … | … | … | … | |||
| Nonmaterial assets | 73.1 | 138.5 | … | … | … | |||
| Reserves of nonconvertible currencies | … | … | … | … | … | |||
| Shortfall in provisions against unrealized losses | 1,731.4 | 2,137.0 | … | … | … | |||
| Shares purchased by banks | 7.4 | 14.5 | … | … | … | |||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Balance sheet assets | 169,055.0 | 580,532.0 | 800,992.1 | 2,507,458.5 | 3,207,399.3 | |||
| Risk weighted assets | 44,767.5 | 181,208.1 | 423,876.2 | 1,586,623.8 | 2,080,248.0 | |||
| (In percent of balance sheet assets) | 26.5 | 31.2 | 52.9 | 63.3 | 64.9 | |||
| Capital adequacy ratio | 12.1 | 11.3 | 31.5 | 24.4 | 24.6 | |||
| Gross credit | 61,407.4 | 241,607.5 | 524,344.4 | 1,701,805.3 | 2,029,183.6 | |||
| (In percent of assets) | 36.3 | 41.5 | 65.5 | 67.9 | 63.3 | |||
| Arrears to banks | 6,496.9 | 29,514.8 | 53,193.5 | 199,582.7 | 283,399.7 | |||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 10.6 | 12.2 | 10.1 | 11.7 | 14.0 | |||
| (In percent of capital fund) | 120.3 | 143.8 | 39.9 | 51.5 | 55.4 | |||
| Principal arrears | 6,047.2 | 27,563.6 | 49,437.4 | 186,166.8 | 267,740.9 | |||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 9.9 | 11.4 | 9.4 | 10.9 | 13.2 | |||
| Interest arrears | 449.7 | 1,951.2 | 3,756.1 | 13,415.9 | 15,658.8 | |||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |||
| Required provisions against bad loans | 4,228.6 | 23,961.9 | 42,563.3 | 157,610.8 | 202,103.0 | |||
| (In percent of total loans) | 6.9 | 9.9 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 8.2 | |||
| (In percent of capital fund) | 78.3 | 116.7 | 31.9 | 40.7 | 39.5 | |||
| Actual provisions against bad loans | 2,484.0 | 12,106.2 | 30,617.5 | 122,294.3 | 135,236.4 | |||
| (In percent of total loans) | 4.1 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 7.1 | 5.5 | |||
| (In percent of capital fund) | 46.0 | 59.0 | 22.9 | 31.6 | 26.4 | |||
| Profits | 743.3 | 2,102.6 | 9,223.6 | 18,519.7 | 10,022.7 | |||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.5 | |||
| Memorandum items: | ||||||||
| Liquidity ratio | ||||||||
| Requirement | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | … | … | |||
| Unweighted average | 2.4 | 3.3 | 1.5 | … | … | |||
Belarus: Six Largest Commercial Banks, Selected Indicators, 1997-2001 (June) 1/
(In millions of rubels, unless otherwise indicated; end-of-period)
Includes Belarusbank, Promstroibank, Agroprombank, Businessbank, Priorbank, and Vnesheconombank.
Including waivers on compliance with bad loan provisioning.
Excluding waivers on compliance with bad loan provisioning.
Belarus: Six Largest Commercial Banks, Selected Indicators, 1997-2001 (June) 1/
(In millions of rubels, unless otherwise indicated; end-of-period)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | June 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted 2/ | Adjusted 3/ | Unadjusted 2/ | ||||||
| Capital fund | 3,208.2 | 8,114.6 | 1,151.1 | 108,416.2 | 275,961.2 | 378,632.4 | ||
| (In percent of all banks’ capital fund) | 59.4 | 39.5 | 10.7 | 81.3 | 71.2 | 74.0 | ||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Balance sheet assets | 151,136.7 | 494,923.3 | 494,923.3 | 667,351.2 | 2,066,142.7 | 2,702,831.7 | ||
| (In percent of all banks’ assets) | 89.0 | 85.3 | 85.3 | 83.3 | 82.4 | 84.3 | ||
| Risk-weighted assets | 39,524.4 | 142,528.2 | 142,528.2 | 344,802.7 | 1,302,230.9 | 1,731,584.9 | ||
| (In percent of all banks’ assets) | 88.3 | 78.7 | 78.7 | 81.3 | 82.1 | 100.0 | ||
| (In percent of balance sheet assets) | 26.2 | 28.8 | 28.8 | 51.7 | 63.0 | 64.1 | ||
| Capital adequacy ratio | 8.1 | 7.7 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 21.2 | 21.9 | ||
| Gross credit | 54,454.4 | 201,147.6 | 201,147.6 | 469,124.9 | 1,481,312.3 | 1,778,486.6 | ||
| (In percent of total banks’ gross credit) | 88.2 | 83.3 | 83.3 | 89.5 | 87.0 | 87.6 | ||
| (In percent of assets) | 36.0 | 40.6 | 40.6 | 70.3 | 71.7 | 65.8 | ||
| Arrears to banks | 6,107.4 | 26,003.3 | 26,003.3 | 47,498.2 | 172,942.9 | 261,838.3 | ||
| (In percent of total arrears) | 92.0 | 88.1 | 88.1 | 89.3 | 86.7 | 92.4 | ||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 11.2 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 10.1 | 11.7 | 14.7 | ||
| (In percent of capital fund) | 190.4 | 320.5 | 2,259.0 | 43.8 | 62.7 | 69.2 | ||
| Principal arrears | 5,696.0 | 24,184.1 | 24,184.1 | 43,914.2 | 160,316.3 | 247,184.3 | ||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 10.5 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 9.4 | 10.8 | 13.9 | ||
| Interest arrears | 411.4 | 1,819.2 | 1,819.2 | 3,584.0 | 12,626.6 | 14,654.0 | ||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | ||
| Required provisions against bad loans | 3,978.6 | 21,636.3 | 21,636.3 | 37,174.8 | 132,946.2 | 179,085.0 | ||
| (In percent of total loans) | 7.4 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 7.9 | 8.9 | 8.4 | ||
| (In percent of capital fund) | 124.0 | 266.6 | 1,879.6 | 34.3 | 48.2 | 47.3 | ||
| Actual provisions against bad loans | 2,298.1 | 11,140.5 | 11,140.5 | 28,139.5 | 106,412.9 | 125,909.5 | ||
| (In percent of total loans) | 4.3 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 7.1 | 5.9 | ||
| (In percent of capital fund) | 71.6 | 137.3 | 112.1 | 26.0 | 38.6 | 33.3 | ||
| Profits | 569.6 | 1,248.0 | 1,248.0 | 6,879.2 | 25,806.9 | 5,653.3 | ||
| (In percent of total profits) | 76.6 | 59.4 | 59.4 | 74.6 | 139.3 | 56.4 | ||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 0.3 | ||
| Memorandum item: | ||||||||
| Liquidity ratio | 1.2 | 1.6 | … | 1.5 | … | … | ||
Includes Belarusbank, Promstroibank, Agroprombank, Businessbank, Priorbank, and Vnesheconombank.
Including waivers on compliance with bad loan provisioning.
Excluding waivers on compliance with bad loan provisioning.
Belarus: Six Largest Commercial Banks, Selected Indicators, 1997-2001 (June) 1/
(In millions of rubels, unless otherwise indicated; end-of-period)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | June 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted 2/ | Adjusted 3/ | Unadjusted 2/ | ||||||
| Capital fund | 3,208.2 | 8,114.6 | 1,151.1 | 108,416.2 | 275,961.2 | 378,632.4 | ||
| (In percent of all banks’ capital fund) | 59.4 | 39.5 | 10.7 | 81.3 | 71.2 | 74.0 | ||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Balance sheet assets | 151,136.7 | 494,923.3 | 494,923.3 | 667,351.2 | 2,066,142.7 | 2,702,831.7 | ||
| (In percent of all banks’ assets) | 89.0 | 85.3 | 85.3 | 83.3 | 82.4 | 84.3 | ||
| Risk-weighted assets | 39,524.4 | 142,528.2 | 142,528.2 | 344,802.7 | 1,302,230.9 | 1,731,584.9 | ||
| (In percent of all banks’ assets) | 88.3 | 78.7 | 78.7 | 81.3 | 82.1 | 100.0 | ||
| (In percent of balance sheet assets) | 26.2 | 28.8 | 28.8 | 51.7 | 63.0 | 64.1 | ||
| Capital adequacy ratio | 8.1 | 7.7 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 21.2 | 21.9 | ||
| Gross credit | 54,454.4 | 201,147.6 | 201,147.6 | 469,124.9 | 1,481,312.3 | 1,778,486.6 | ||
| (In percent of total banks’ gross credit) | 88.2 | 83.3 | 83.3 | 89.5 | 87.0 | 87.6 | ||
| (In percent of assets) | 36.0 | 40.6 | 40.6 | 70.3 | 71.7 | 65.8 | ||
| Arrears to banks | 6,107.4 | 26,003.3 | 26,003.3 | 47,498.2 | 172,942.9 | 261,838.3 | ||
| (In percent of total arrears) | 92.0 | 88.1 | 88.1 | 89.3 | 86.7 | 92.4 | ||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 11.2 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 10.1 | 11.7 | 14.7 | ||
| (In percent of capital fund) | 190.4 | 320.5 | 2,259.0 | 43.8 | 62.7 | 69.2 | ||
| Principal arrears | 5,696.0 | 24,184.1 | 24,184.1 | 43,914.2 | 160,316.3 | 247,184.3 | ||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 10.5 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 9.4 | 10.8 | 13.9 | ||
| Interest arrears | 411.4 | 1,819.2 | 1,819.2 | 3,584.0 | 12,626.6 | 14,654.0 | ||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | ||
| Required provisions against bad loans | 3,978.6 | 21,636.3 | 21,636.3 | 37,174.8 | 132,946.2 | 179,085.0 | ||
| (In percent of total loans) | 7.4 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 7.9 | 8.9 | 8.4 | ||
| (In percent of capital fund) | 124.0 | 266.6 | 1,879.6 | 34.3 | 48.2 | 47.3 | ||
| Actual provisions against bad loans | 2,298.1 | 11,140.5 | 11,140.5 | 28,139.5 | 106,412.9 | 125,909.5 | ||
| (In percent of total loans) | 4.3 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 7.1 | 5.9 | ||
| (In percent of capital fund) | 71.6 | 137.3 | 112.1 | 26.0 | 38.6 | 33.3 | ||
| Profits | 569.6 | 1,248.0 | 1,248.0 | 6,879.2 | 25,806.9 | 5,653.3 | ||
| (In percent of total profits) | 76.6 | 59.4 | 59.4 | 74.6 | 139.3 | 56.4 | ||
| (In percent of gross credit) | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 0.3 | ||
| Memorandum item: | ||||||||
| Liquidity ratio | 1.2 | 1.6 | … | 1.5 | … | … | ||
Includes Belarusbank, Promstroibank, Agroprombank, Businessbank, Priorbank, and Vnesheconombank.
Including waivers on compliance with bad loan provisioning.
Excluding waivers on compliance with bad loan provisioning.
Belarus: Commercial Banks and Branches of Foreign Banks
(As of June 1, 2001)
Belarus: Commercial Banks and Branches of Foreign Banks
(As of June 1, 2001)
| Date of establishment | Number of branches | Total assets (in millions of rubels) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Belagrobank | Sep 3, 1991 | 132 | 414,618 |
| 2 | Belpromstroibank | Dec 28, 1991 | 58 | 297,466 |
| 3 | Belarusbank | Oct 27, 1995 | 171 | 1,253,033 |
| 4 | Belbusinessbank | Sep 1, 1992 | 44 | 156,565 |
| 5 | Belbank Razvitiye | Nov 5, 1993 | 7 | 47,288 |
| 6 | Priorbank | Jul 12, 1991 | 29 | 294,486 |
| 7 | Belvnesheconombank | Dec 12, 1991 | 28 | 286,664 |
| 8 | Poisk | May 15, 1991 | 4 | 24,046 |
| 9 | Belnarodni | Apr 16, 1992 | - | 12,375 |
| 10 | Belarus Industrial Bank | Oct 30, 1991 | 5 | 12,681 |
| 11 | Belgazprombank | Aug 19, 1991 | 6 | 41,459 |
| 12 | Absolutbank | Dec 29, 1993 | 1 | 6,865 |
| 13 | Gem-Bank | Aug 26, 1991 | - | 29,283 |
| 14 | Belbirzhevoibank | Oct 7, 1992 | 7 | 34,982 |
| 15 | Minsk Kompleksbank | Feb 21, 1994 | - | 78,367 |
| 16 | Bank Reconverzi i Razvitiya | Feb 22, 1994 | 1 | 7,740 |
| 17 | Minsk Tranzitnibank | Mar 14, 1994 | 5 | 11,215 |
| 18 | Trade-industry Bank | April 1, 1994 | - | 4,998 |
| 19 | Tekhnobank | Aug 5, 1994 | 4 | 27,086 |
| 20 | Zolotoi Taler | Oct 5, 1994 | - | 17,334 |
| 21 | Infobank | Nov 9, 1994 | 4 | 33,127 |
| 22 | Slavneftebank | Oct 7, 1996 | 2 | 52,120 |
| 23 | Mezhtorgbank | Jan. 28, 1999 | - | 46,467 |
| 24 | Moscow-Minsk | Apr. 7, 2000 | - | 17,135 |
Belarus: Commercial Banks and Branches of Foreign Banks
(As of June 1, 2001)
| Date of establishment | Number of branches | Total assets (in millions of rubels) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Belagrobank | Sep 3, 1991 | 132 | 414,618 |
| 2 | Belpromstroibank | Dec 28, 1991 | 58 | 297,466 |
| 3 | Belarusbank | Oct 27, 1995 | 171 | 1,253,033 |
| 4 | Belbusinessbank | Sep 1, 1992 | 44 | 156,565 |
| 5 | Belbank Razvitiye | Nov 5, 1993 | 7 | 47,288 |
| 6 | Priorbank | Jul 12, 1991 | 29 | 294,486 |
| 7 | Belvnesheconombank | Dec 12, 1991 | 28 | 286,664 |
| 8 | Poisk | May 15, 1991 | 4 | 24,046 |
| 9 | Belnarodni | Apr 16, 1992 | - | 12,375 |
| 10 | Belarus Industrial Bank | Oct 30, 1991 | 5 | 12,681 |
| 11 | Belgazprombank | Aug 19, 1991 | 6 | 41,459 |
| 12 | Absolutbank | Dec 29, 1993 | 1 | 6,865 |
| 13 | Gem-Bank | Aug 26, 1991 | - | 29,283 |
| 14 | Belbirzhevoibank | Oct 7, 1992 | 7 | 34,982 |
| 15 | Minsk Kompleksbank | Feb 21, 1994 | - | 78,367 |
| 16 | Bank Reconverzi i Razvitiya | Feb 22, 1994 | 1 | 7,740 |
| 17 | Minsk Tranzitnibank | Mar 14, 1994 | 5 | 11,215 |
| 18 | Trade-industry Bank | April 1, 1994 | - | 4,998 |
| 19 | Tekhnobank | Aug 5, 1994 | 4 | 27,086 |
| 20 | Zolotoi Taler | Oct 5, 1994 | - | 17,334 |
| 21 | Infobank | Nov 9, 1994 | 4 | 33,127 |
| 22 | Slavneftebank | Oct 7, 1996 | 2 | 52,120 |
| 23 | Mezhtorgbank | Jan. 28, 1999 | - | 46,467 |
| 24 | Moscow-Minsk | Apr. 7, 2000 | - | 17,135 |
Belarus: Official Exchange Rates, 1997-2001 (Q2)
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
An increase in the index indicates a real appreciation.
Belarus: Official Exchange Rates, 1997-2001 (Q2)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| Nominal exchange rate | |||||||||
| Rubel per U.S. dollar 1/ | |||||||||
| Average | 13 | 26 | 46 | 250 | 717 | 1,230 | 1,344 | ||
| End-of-period | 16 | 31 | 107 | 319 | 1,180 | 1,293 | 1,380 | ||
| Rubel per Russian ruble | |||||||||
| Average | 3 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 26 | 43 | 46 | ||
| End-of-period | 3 | 5 | 5 | 12 | 42 | 45 | 47 | ||
| Real exchange rate index (Dec. 1990=100) 2/ | |||||||||
| Rubel per U.S. dollar | |||||||||
| Average | 58 | 54 | 66 | 88 | 89 | 67 | 67 | ||
| End-of-period | 56 | 54 | 57 | 103 | 56 | 57 | 58 | ||
| Rubel per Russian ruble | |||||||||
| Average | 49 | 46 | 62 | 89 | 96 | 57 | 55 | ||
| End-of-period | 48 | 47 | 59 | 100 | 43 | 42 | 41 | ||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
An increase in the index indicates a real appreciation.
Belarus: Official Exchange Rates, 1997-2001 (Q2)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||
| Nominal exchange rate | |||||||||
| Rubel per U.S. dollar 1/ | |||||||||
| Average | 13 | 26 | 46 | 250 | 717 | 1,230 | 1,344 | ||
| End-of-period | 16 | 31 | 107 | 319 | 1,180 | 1,293 | 1,380 | ||
| Rubel per Russian ruble | |||||||||
| Average | 3 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 26 | 43 | 46 | ||
| End-of-period | 3 | 5 | 5 | 12 | 42 | 45 | 47 | ||
| Real exchange rate index (Dec. 1990=100) 2/ | |||||||||
| Rubel per U.S. dollar | |||||||||
| Average | 58 | 54 | 66 | 88 | 89 | 67 | 67 | ||
| End-of-period | 56 | 54 | 57 | 103 | 56 | 57 | 58 | ||
| Rubel per Russian ruble | |||||||||
| Average | 49 | 46 | 62 | 89 | 96 | 57 | 55 | ||
| End-of-period | 48 | 47 | 59 | 100 | 43 | 42 | 41 | ||
Data have been revised backward to reflect the redenomination of the rubel on January 1, 2000 which removed three zeros from the currency.
An increase in the index indicates a real appreciation.
Belarus: Direction of Trade: Exports and Imports, 1995-2001 (Q2)
(In millions of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated)
Belarus: Direction of Trade: Exports and Imports, 1995-2001 (Q2)
(In millions of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated)
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||||
| Total exports | 4,803 | 5,652 | 7,301 | 7,070 | 5,909 | 7,331 | 1,764 | 1,904 | |||
| CIS exports | 3,027 | 3,764 | 5,379 | 5,160 | 3,622 | 4,405 | 1,062 | 1,135 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||||
| Russia | 2,185 | 3,024 | 4,780 | 4,608 | 3,222 | 3,716 | 907 | 990 | |||
| Ukraine | 607 | 478 | 425 | 387 | 281 | 560 | 130 | 118 | |||
| Kazakhstan | 76 | 85 | 53 | 48 | 28 | 20 | 5 | 7 | |||
| Other countries | 159 | 177 | 121 | 117 | 91 | 109 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Non-CIS exports | 1,776 | 1,888 | 1,922 | 1,910 | 2,287 | 2,926 | 702 | 772 | |||
| Germany | 268 | 198 | 217 | 200 | 215 | 232 | 59 | 58 | |||
| Poland | 271 | 338 | 246 | 185 | 208 | 277 | 74 | 48 | |||
| Other countries | 1,237 | 1,352 | 1,459 | 1,525 | 1,864 | 2,417 | 569 | 666 | |||
| Total imports | 5,564 | 6,939 | 8,689 | 8,549 | 6,674 | 8,492 | 1,737 | 2,030 | |||
| CIS imports | 3,677 | 4,570 | 5,817 | 5,554 | 4,289 | 6,015 | 1,249 | 1,459 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||||
| Russia | 2,965 | 3,522 | 4,673 | 4,670 | 3,767 | 5,550 | 1,170 | 1,365 | |||
| Ukraine | 569 | 889 | 968 | 740 | 416 | 341 | 65 | 65 | |||
| Kazakhstan | 56 | 59 | 59 | 36 | 12 | 45 | 1 | 3 | |||
| Other countries | 87 | 100 | 117 | 108 | 94 | 79 | 13 | 26 | |||
| Non-CIS imports | 1,887 | 2,369 | 2,872 | 2,995 | 2,385 | 2,477 | 488 | 571 | |||
| Germany | 424 | 601 | 691 | 758 | 693 | 588 | 113 | 142 | |||
| Poland | 197 | 195 | 250 | 283 | 212 | 216 | 36 | 46 | |||
| Other countries | 1,266 | 1,573 | 1,931 | 1,954 | 1,480 | 1,673 | 339 | 383 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||||
| Share of CIS exports to total exports | 63 | 67 | 74 | 73 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | |||
| Russia | 45 | 54 | 65 | 65 | 55 | 51 | 51 | 52 | |||
| Share of CIS imports to total imports | 66 | 66 | 67 | 65 | 64 | 71 | 72 | 72 | |||
| Russia | 53 | 51 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 65 | 67 | 67 | |||
Belarus: Direction of Trade: Exports and Imports, 1995-2001 (Q2)
(In millions of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated)
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||||||
| Total exports | 4,803 | 5,652 | 7,301 | 7,070 | 5,909 | 7,331 | 1,764 | 1,904 | |||
| CIS exports | 3,027 | 3,764 | 5,379 | 5,160 | 3,622 | 4,405 | 1,062 | 1,135 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||||
| Russia | 2,185 | 3,024 | 4,780 | 4,608 | 3,222 | 3,716 | 907 | 990 | |||
| Ukraine | 607 | 478 | 425 | 387 | 281 | 560 | 130 | 118 | |||
| Kazakhstan | 76 | 85 | 53 | 48 | 28 | 20 | 5 | 7 | |||
| Other countries | 159 | 177 | 121 | 117 | 91 | 109 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Non-CIS exports | 1,776 | 1,888 | 1,922 | 1,910 | 2,287 | 2,926 | 702 | 772 | |||
| Germany | 268 | 198 | 217 | 200 | 215 | 232 | 59 | 58 | |||
| Poland | 271 | 338 | 246 | 185 | 208 | 277 | 74 | 48 | |||
| Other countries | 1,237 | 1,352 | 1,459 | 1,525 | 1,864 | 2,417 | 569 | 666 | |||
| Total imports | 5,564 | 6,939 | 8,689 | 8,549 | 6,674 | 8,492 | 1,737 | 2,030 | |||
| CIS imports | 3,677 | 4,570 | 5,817 | 5,554 | 4,289 | 6,015 | 1,249 | 1,459 | |||
| Of which: | |||||||||||
| Russia | 2,965 | 3,522 | 4,673 | 4,670 | 3,767 | 5,550 | 1,170 | 1,365 | |||
| Ukraine | 569 | 889 | 968 | 740 | 416 | 341 | 65 | 65 | |||
| Kazakhstan | 56 | 59 | 59 | 36 | 12 | 45 | 1 | 3 | |||
| Other countries | 87 | 100 | 117 | 108 | 94 | 79 | 13 | 26 | |||
| Non-CIS imports | 1,887 | 2,369 | 2,872 | 2,995 | 2,385 | 2,477 | 488 | 571 | |||
| Germany | 424 | 601 | 691 | 758 | 693 | 588 | 113 | 142 | |||
| Poland | 197 | 195 | 250 | 283 | 212 | 216 | 36 | 46 | |||
| Other countries | 1,266 | 1,573 | 1,931 | 1,954 | 1,480 | 1,673 | 339 | 383 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||||
| Share of CIS exports to total exports | 63 | 67 | 74 | 73 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | |||
| Russia | 45 | 54 | 65 | 65 | 55 | 51 | 51 | 52 | |||
| Share of CIS imports to total imports | 66 | 66 | 67 | 65 | 64 | 71 | 72 | 72 | |||
| Russia | 53 | 51 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 65 | 67 | 67 | |||
Belarus: External Trade in Goods by Economic Branches, 1997-2000
(In billions of rubels)
Belarus: External Trade in Goods by Economic Branches, 1997-2000
(In billions of rubels)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 1/ | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports | Exports | Trade balance | Imports | Exports | Trade balance | Imports | Exports | Trade balance | Imports | Exports | Trade balance | ||||
| Total | 230,294 | 193,084 | -37,210 | 431,447 | 367,897 | -63,550 | 1,779,247 | 1,574,700 | -204,548 | 6,117 | 5,360 | -758 | |||
| CIS | 153,830 | 142,583 | -11,247 | 277,518 | 259,282 | -18,235 | 1,146,268 | 968,077 | -178,191 | 4,380 | 3,272 | -1,108 | |||
| Non-CIS | 76,463 | 50,501 | -25,962 | 153,929 | 108,615 | -45,314 | 632,979 | 606,623 | -26,356 | 1,738 | 2,088 | 351 | |||
| Industry | 221,827 | 189,810 | -32,017 | 414,175 | 358,398 | -55,777 | 1,682,403 | 1,535,208 | -147,195 | 5,772 | 5,176 | -596 | |||
| CIS | 148,830 | 140,215 | -8,616 | 265,171 | 250,982 | -14,189 | 1,079,525 | 931,395 | -148,131 | 4,183 | 3,174 | -1,009 | |||
| Non-CIS | 72,997 | 49,596 | -23,401 | 149,004 | 107,416 | -41,588 | 602,878 | 603,813 | 936 | 1,589 | 2,002 | 414 | |||
| Power generation | 4,515 | 70 | -4,445 | 11,365 | 6 | -11,358 | 35,970 | 30 | -35,941 | 97 | 0 | -97 | |||
| CIS | 3,192 | 1 | -3,191 | 5,719 | 6 | -5,713 | 30,472 | 29 | 30,443 | 84 | 0 | -84 | |||
| Non-CIS | 1,322 | 69 | -1,254 | 5,646 | 0 | -5,645 | 5,498 | 1 | -5,497 | 13 | 0 | -13 | |||
| Refineries products | 55,299 | 15,813 | -39,486 | 86,540 | 27,761 | -58,780 | 361,776 | 142,750 | -219,025 | 1,784 | 1,047 | -737 | |||
| CIS | 54,622 | 11,504 | -43,118 | 85,371 | 14,828 | -70,543 | 351,263 | 42,341 | -308,922 | 1,770 | 341 | -1,429 | |||
| Non-CIS | 676 | 4,308 | 3,632 | 1,170 | 12,933 | 11,764 | 10,513 | 100,409 | 89,896 | 14 | 706 | 692 | |||
| Metallurgy | 27,792 | 15,475 | -12,317 | 53,195 | 27,371 | -25,824 | 240,737 | 104,504 | -136,233 | 719 | 306 | -413 | |||
| CIS | 21,896 | 10,109 | -11,788 | 43,463 | 15,981 | -27,482 | 177,403 | 44,835 | -132,568 | 646 | 123 | -522 | |||
| Non-CIS | 5,896 | 5,366 | -530 | 9,732 | 11,390 | 1,658 | 63,334 | 59,670 | -3,665 | 73 | 182 | 109 | |||
| Chemicals and petroche | 38,802 | 40,440 | 1,638 | 65,749 | 78,228 | 12,479 | 262,318 | 350,334 | 88,016 | 814 | 1,010 | 196 | |||
| CIS | 20,378 | 22,054 | 1,677 | 37,742 | 43,526 | 5,783 | 144,781 | 160,730 | 15,949 | 459 | 477 | 18 | |||
| Non-CIS | 18,425 | 18,385 | -39 | 28,006 | 34,702 | 6,696 | 117,537 | 189,604 | 72,067 | 355 | 533 | 178 | |||
| Machine building and n | 49,934 | 64,957 | 15,023 | 112,650 | 118,053 | 5,403 | 419,624 | 536,793 | 117,170 | 1,233 | 1,532 | 299 | |||
| CIS | 26,231 | 54,230 | 27,999 | 53,584 | 95,624 | 42,041 | 200,205 | 402,515 | 202,310 | 607 | 1,314 | 707 | |||
| Non-CIS | 23,703 | 10,727 | -12,976 | 59,066 | 22,428 | -36,638 | 219,419 | 134,279 | -85,141 | 626 | 218 | -408 | |||
| Wood and paper | 6,436 | 13,732 | 7,296 | 12,756 | 24,517 | 11,761 | 53,590 | 102,658 | 49,068 | 194 | 320 | 125 | |||
| CIS | 3,616 | 11,332 | 7,716 | 7,255 | 18,668 | 11,413 | 32,934 | 65,957 | 33,023 | 133 | 208 | 75 | |||
| Non-CIS | 2,820 | 2,399 | -420 | 5,502 | 5,850 | 348 | 20,656 | 36,701 | 16,045 | 61 | 112 | 51 | |||
| Construction materials | 3,772 | 4,809 | 1,037 | 8,335 | 9,967 | 1,632 | 25,813 | 33,164 | 7,351 | 78 | 125 | 47 | |||
| CIS | 2,888 | 4,143 | 1,254 | 5,614 | 8,070 | 2,456 | 16,040 | 26,997 | 10,957 | 51 | 103 | 52 | |||
| Non-CIS | 883 | 666 | -217 | 2,721 | 1,897 | -824 | 9,774 | 6,168 | -3,606 | 27 | 22 | -4 | |||
| Light industry | 10,584 | 18,289 | 7,705 | 21,889 | 36,364 | 14,476 | 96,514 | 147,838 | 51,324 | 307 | 460 | 153 | |||
| CIS | 4,855 | 12,120 | 7,264 | 7,153 | 21,884 | 14,731 | 33,071 | 86,689 | 53,618 | 132 | 294 | 162 | |||
| Non-CIS | 5,729 | 6,170 | 441 | 14,736 | 14,481 | -255 | 63,443 | 61,149 | -2,294 | 175 | 166 | -9 | |||
| Food-processing indust | 22,093 | 14,599 | -7,494 | 39,081 | 34,900 | -4,181 | 166,818 | 110,083 | -56,735 | 474 | 350 | -124 | |||
| CIS | 9,533 | 13,955 | 4,423 | 17,351 | 31,556 | 14,205 | 80,049 | 96,271 | 16,222 | 250 | 292 | 41 | |||
| Non-CIS | 12,561 | 644 | -11,917 | 21,730 | 3,344 | -18,386 | 86,769 | 13,812 | -72,957 | 224 | 58 | -165 | |||
| Other industry | 2,602 | 1,628 | -974 | 2,615 | 1,231 | -1,384 | 19,245 | 7,055 | -12,190 | 50 | 26 | -24 | |||
| CIS | 1,619 | 767 | -852 | 1,919 | 840 | -1,078 | 13,309 | 5,031 | -8,278 | 29 | 22 | -7 | |||
| Non-CIS | 983 | 861 | -122 | 697 | 391 | -306 | 5,936 | 2,024 | -3,912 | 22 | 5 | -17 | |||
| Agriculture | 8,465 | 3,273 | -5,193 | 11,565 | 6,292 | -5,273 | 73,858 | 27,107 | -46,751 | 255 | 65 | -190 | |||
| CIS | 5,000 | 2,368 | -2,632 | 7,095 | 5,094 | -2,001 | 45,540 | 24,360 | -21,180 | 117 | 48 | -69 | |||
| Non-CIS | 3,466 | 905 | -2,561 | 4,470 | 1,198 | -3,272 | 28,318 | 2,747 | -25,571 | 138 | 17 | -121 | |||
| Other activities | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5,707 | 3,207 | -2,500 | 22,987 | 12,385 | -10,602 | 91 | 119 | 28 | |||
| CIS | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5,252 | 3,207 | -2,045 | 21,203 | 12,323 | -8,880 | 80 | 50 | -30 | |||
| Non-CIS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 455 | 0 | -455 | 1,784 | 63 | -1,721 | 11 | 69 | 58 | |||
Belarus: External Trade in Goods by Economic Branches, 1997-2000
(In billions of rubels)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 1/ | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports | Exports | Trade balance | Imports | Exports | Trade balance | Imports | Exports | Trade balance | Imports | Exports | Trade balance | ||||
| Total | 230,294 | 193,084 | -37,210 | 431,447 | 367,897 | -63,550 | 1,779,247 | 1,574,700 | -204,548 | 6,117 | 5,360 | -758 | |||
| CIS | 153,830 | 142,583 | -11,247 | 277,518 | 259,282 | -18,235 | 1,146,268 | 968,077 | -178,191 | 4,380 | 3,272 | -1,108 | |||
| Non-CIS | 76,463 | 50,501 | -25,962 | 153,929 | 108,615 | -45,314 | 632,979 | 606,623 | -26,356 | 1,738 | 2,088 | 351 | |||
| Industry | 221,827 | 189,810 | -32,017 | 414,175 | 358,398 | -55,777 | 1,682,403 | 1,535,208 | -147,195 | 5,772 | 5,176 | -596 | |||
| CIS | 148,830 | 140,215 | -8,616 | 265,171 | 250,982 | -14,189 | 1,079,525 | 931,395 | -148,131 | 4,183 | 3,174 | -1,009 | |||
| Non-CIS | 72,997 | 49,596 | -23,401 | 149,004 | 107,416 | -41,588 | 602,878 | 603,813 | 936 | 1,589 | 2,002 | 414 | |||
| Power generation | 4,515 | 70 | -4,445 | 11,365 | 6 | -11,358 | 35,970 | 30 | -35,941 | 97 | 0 | -97 | |||
| CIS | 3,192 | 1 | -3,191 | 5,719 | 6 | -5,713 | 30,472 | 29 | 30,443 | 84 | 0 | -84 | |||
| Non-CIS | 1,322 | 69 | -1,254 | 5,646 | 0 | -5,645 | 5,498 | 1 | -5,497 | 13 | 0 | -13 | |||
| Refineries products | 55,299 | 15,813 | -39,486 | 86,540 | 27,761 | -58,780 | 361,776 | 142,750 | -219,025 | 1,784 | 1,047 | -737 | |||
| CIS | 54,622 | 11,504 | -43,118 | 85,371 | 14,828 | -70,543 | 351,263 | 42,341 | -308,922 | 1,770 | 341 | -1,429 | |||
| Non-CIS | 676 | 4,308 | 3,632 | 1,170 | 12,933 | 11,764 | 10,513 | 100,409 | 89,896 | 14 | 706 | 692 | |||
| Metallurgy | 27,792 | 15,475 | -12,317 | 53,195 | 27,371 | -25,824 | 240,737 | 104,504 | -136,233 | 719 | 306 | -413 | |||
| CIS | 21,896 | 10,109 | -11,788 | 43,463 | 15,981 | -27,482 | 177,403 | 44,835 | -132,568 | 646 | 123 | -522 | |||
| Non-CIS | 5,896 | 5,366 | -530 | 9,732 | 11,390 | 1,658 | 63,334 | 59,670 | -3,665 | 73 | 182 | 109 | |||
| Chemicals and petroche | 38,802 | 40,440 | 1,638 | 65,749 | 78,228 | 12,479 | 262,318 | 350,334 | 88,016 | 814 | 1,010 | 196 | |||
| CIS | 20,378 | 22,054 | 1,677 | 37,742 | 43,526 | 5,783 | 144,781 | 160,730 | 15,949 | 459 | 477 | 18 | |||
| Non-CIS | 18,425 | 18,385 | -39 | 28,006 | 34,702 | 6,696 | 117,537 | 189,604 | 72,067 | 355 | 533 | 178 | |||
| Machine building and n | 49,934 | 64,957 | 15,023 | 112,650 | 118,053 | 5,403 | 419,624 | 536,793 | 117,170 | 1,233 | 1,532 | 299 | |||
| CIS | 26,231 | 54,230 | 27,999 | 53,584 | 95,624 | 42,041 | 200,205 | 402,515 | 202,310 | 607 | 1,314 | 707 | |||
| Non-CIS | 23,703 | 10,727 | -12,976 | 59,066 | 22,428 | -36,638 | 219,419 | 134,279 | -85,141 | 626 | 218 | -408 | |||
| Wood and paper | 6,436 | 13,732 | 7,296 | 12,756 | 24,517 | 11,761 | 53,590 | 102,658 | 49,068 | 194 | 320 | 125 | |||
| CIS | 3,616 | 11,332 | 7,716 | 7,255 | 18,668 | 11,413 | 32,934 | 65,957 | 33,023 | 133 | 208 | 75 | |||
| Non-CIS | 2,820 | 2,399 | -420 | 5,502 | 5,850 | 348 | 20,656 | 36,701 | 16,045 | 61 | 112 | 51 | |||
| Construction materials | 3,772 | 4,809 | 1,037 | 8,335 | 9,967 | 1,632 | 25,813 | 33,164 | 7,351 | 78 | 125 | 47 | |||
| CIS | 2,888 | 4,143 | 1,254 | 5,614 | 8,070 | 2,456 | 16,040 | 26,997 | 10,957 | 51 | 103 | 52 | |||
| Non-CIS | 883 | 666 | -217 | 2,721 | 1,897 | -824 | 9,774 | 6,168 | -3,606 | 27 | 22 | -4 | |||
| Light industry | 10,584 | 18,289 | 7,705 | 21,889 | 36,364 | 14,476 | 96,514 | 147,838 | 51,324 | 307 | 460 | 153 | |||
| CIS | 4,855 | 12,120 | 7,264 | 7,153 | 21,884 | 14,731 | 33,071 | 86,689 | 53,618 | 132 | 294 | 162 | |||
| Non-CIS | 5,729 | 6,170 | 441 | 14,736 | 14,481 | -255 | 63,443 | 61,149 | -2,294 | 175 | 166 | -9 | |||
| Food-processing indust | 22,093 | 14,599 | -7,494 | 39,081 | 34,900 | -4,181 | 166,818 | 110,083 | -56,735 | 474 | 350 | -124 | |||
| CIS | 9,533 | 13,955 | 4,423 | 17,351 | 31,556 | 14,205 | 80,049 | 96,271 | 16,222 | 250 | 292 | 41 | |||
| Non-CIS | 12,561 | 644 | -11,917 | 21,730 | 3,344 | -18,386 | 86,769 | 13,812 | -72,957 | 224 | 58 | -165 | |||
| Other industry | 2,602 | 1,628 | -974 | 2,615 | 1,231 | -1,384 | 19,245 | 7,055 | -12,190 | 50 | 26 | -24 | |||
| CIS | 1,619 | 767 | -852 | 1,919 | 840 | -1,078 | 13,309 | 5,031 | -8,278 | 29 | 22 | -7 | |||
| Non-CIS | 983 | 861 | -122 | 697 | 391 | -306 | 5,936 | 2,024 | -3,912 | 22 | 5 | -17 | |||
| Agriculture | 8,465 | 3,273 | -5,193 | 11,565 | 6,292 | -5,273 | 73,858 | 27,107 | -46,751 | 255 | 65 | -190 | |||
| CIS | 5,000 | 2,368 | -2,632 | 7,095 | 5,094 | -2,001 | 45,540 | 24,360 | -21,180 | 117 | 48 | -69 | |||
| Non-CIS | 3,466 | 905 | -2,561 | 4,470 | 1,198 | -3,272 | 28,318 | 2,747 | -25,571 | 138 | 17 | -121 | |||
| Other activities | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5,707 | 3,207 | -2,500 | 22,987 | 12,385 | -10,602 | 91 | 119 | 28 | |||
| CIS | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5,252 | 3,207 | -2,045 | 21,203 | 12,323 | -8,880 | 80 | 50 | -30 | |||
| Non-CIS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 455 | 0 | -455 | 1,784 | 63 | -1,721 | 11 | 69 | 58 | |||
Belarus: Balance of Payments, 1997-2001 (Jan-Jun)
(In millions of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated)
Adjusted for valuation changes.
All accumulation, repayment, and forgiveness of arrears.
Ratios for 1999 reflect the steep devaluation of the exchange rate.
Refers to public and publicly-guaranteed debt only.
Includes arrears and scheduled amortization payments falling due within the following year.
Amortization and interest payments on public and publicly-guaranteed debt over exports of goods and services.
Belarus: Balance of Payments, 1997-2001 (Jan-Jun)
(In millions of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan-Jun | |||||||||||
| Current account balance | -787.6 | -865.5 | -256.7 | -161.9 | 239.8 | ||||||
| Merchandise trade balance | -1,335.4 | -1,350.1 | -598.5 | -838.1 | -116.7 | ||||||
| Exports | 7,382.6 | 7,138.1 | 5,949.3 | 6,986.8 | 3,638.5 | ||||||
| Imports | -8,718.0 | -8,488.2 | -6,547.8 | -7,824.9 | -3,755.2 | ||||||
| Services (net) | 554.0 | 481.9 | 298.0 | 561.0 | 278.8 | ||||||
| Receipts | 918.8 | 925.1 | 733.8 | 993.3 | 545.4 | ||||||
| Payments | -364.8 | -443.2 | -435.8 | -432.3 | -266.6 | ||||||
| Income (net) | -84.6 | -92.9 | -64.6 | -41.9 | -18.1 | ||||||
| Receipts | 31.2 | 26.8 | 29.0 | 26.2 | 12.5 | ||||||
| Payments | -115.8 | -119.7 | -93.6 | -68.1 | -30.6 | ||||||
| Transfers (net) | 78.4 | 95.6 | 108.4 | 157.1 | 95.8 | ||||||
| Capital and financial accounts | 719.7 | 470.9 | 309.7 | 209.2 | 11.9 | ||||||
| Capital account | 133.2 | 170.1 | 60.4 | 41.9 | 14.9 | ||||||
| Financial account | 586.5 | 300.8 | 249.3 | 167.3 | -3.0 | ||||||
| Direct investment (net) | 197.9 | 146.9 | 224.2 | 89.9 | 32.2 | ||||||
| Assets | -2.1 | -2.3 | -0.8 | -0.1 | -0.2 | ||||||
| Liabilities | 200.0 | 149.2 | 225.0 | 90.0 | 32.4 | ||||||
| Portfolio investment (net) | -19.8 | 14.6 | -32.2 | 60.4 | 29.7 | ||||||
| Assets | -61.6 | 28.0 | -13.9 | 7.4 | 3.2 | ||||||
| Liabilities | 41.8 | -13.4 | -18.3 | 53.0 | 26.5 | ||||||
| Trade Credits (net) | 418.6 | 128.2 | 46.7 | -36.5 | -79.8 | ||||||
| Assets | 59.6 | 187.9 | -21.5 | 55.8 | -32.3 | ||||||
| Liabilities | 359.0 | -59.7 | 68.2 | -92.3 | -47.5 | ||||||
| Loans (net) | 72.4 | 12.5 | 26.7 | 114.5 | 29.0 | ||||||
| Assets | -4.2 | 7.1 | -7.0 | 3.3 | 2.2 | ||||||
| Liabilities | 76.6 | 5.4 | 33.7 | 111.2 | 26.8 | ||||||
| General government | 62.4 | 24.7 | -41.5 | -37.2 | -16.6 | ||||||
| Disbursements | 138.2 | 90.7 | 59.4 | 16.0 | 4.4 | ||||||
| Amortization | -75.8 | -66.0 | -100.9 | -53.2 | -21.0 | ||||||
| Other Sectors | 14.2 | -19.3 | 75.2 | 148.4 | 43.4 | ||||||
| Other (net) | -82.6 | -1.4 | -16.1 | -61.0 | -14.1 | ||||||
| Assets | -5.5 | 4.4 | -4.5 | -15.9 | -56.2 | ||||||
| Liabilities | -77.1 | -5.8 | -11.6 | -45.1 | 42.1 | ||||||
| Errors and omissions | 132.9 | 75.3 | 34.3 | 128.9 | -176.6 | ||||||
| Overall balance | 65.0 | -319.3 | 87.3 | 176.2 | 75.1 | ||||||
| Financing | -65.0 | 319.3 | -87.3 | -176.2 | -75.1 | ||||||
| Gross official reserves 1/ | 75.4 | 54.6 | 34.5 | -75.6 | -64.3 | ||||||
| Use of Fund resources | 0.0 | -24.4 | -58.0 | -55.8 | -15.1 | ||||||
| Exceptional financing 2/ | -140.4 | 289.1 | -63.8 | -44.8 | 4.3 | ||||||
| Memorandum items: 3/ | |||||||||||
| Current account (as percent of GDP) | -5.8 | -6.1 | -2.2 | -1.3 | 4.4 | ||||||
| Trade balance (as percent of GDP) | -9.8 | -9.5 | -5.2 | -6.6 | -2.1 | ||||||
| Overall balance (as percent of GDP) | 0.5 | -2.2 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | ||||||
| Gross convertible official reserves 4/ | 393.7 | 345.0 | 309.0 | 356.8 | 413.8 | ||||||
| In months of imports of goods | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | ||||||
| Medium and long-term debt 4/ | 976.0 | 1,011.0 | 886.0 | 902.6 | 839.0 | ||||||
| (as percent of GDP) | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 7.1 | ||||||
| Short-term debt 5/ | 1,173.3 | 1,472.0 | 1,508.3 | 1,396.0 | 1,456.5 | ||||||
| (as percent of GDP) | 8.6 | 10.3 | 13.1 | 11.0 | 12.4 | ||||||
| Debt service ratio 6/ | 2.0 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 3.1 | ||||||
| (excluding bartered exports) | 3.0 | 2.7 | 4.9 | 1.7 | … | ||||||
| Export Value Index (annual percentage change) | 27.5 | -3.3 | -16.7 | … | … | ||||||
| Import Value Index (annual percentage change) | 25.6 | -2.6 | -22.9 | … | … | ||||||
Adjusted for valuation changes.
All accumulation, repayment, and forgiveness of arrears.
Ratios for 1999 reflect the steep devaluation of the exchange rate.
Refers to public and publicly-guaranteed debt only.
Includes arrears and scheduled amortization payments falling due within the following year.
Amortization and interest payments on public and publicly-guaranteed debt over exports of goods and services.
Belarus: Balance of Payments, 1997-2001 (Jan-Jun)
(In millions of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan-Jun | |||||||||||
| Current account balance | -787.6 | -865.5 | -256.7 | -161.9 | 239.8 | ||||||
| Merchandise trade balance | -1,335.4 | -1,350.1 | -598.5 | -838.1 | -116.7 | ||||||
| Exports | 7,382.6 | 7,138.1 | 5,949.3 | 6,986.8 | 3,638.5 | ||||||
| Imports | -8,718.0 | -8,488.2 | -6,547.8 | -7,824.9 | -3,755.2 | ||||||
| Services (net) | 554.0 | 481.9 | 298.0 | 561.0 | 278.8 | ||||||
| Receipts | 918.8 | 925.1 | 733.8 | 993.3 | 545.4 | ||||||
| Payments | -364.8 | -443.2 | -435.8 | -432.3 | -266.6 | ||||||
| Income (net) | -84.6 | -92.9 | -64.6 | -41.9 | -18.1 | ||||||
| Receipts | 31.2 | 26.8 | 29.0 | 26.2 | 12.5 | ||||||
| Payments | -115.8 | -119.7 | -93.6 | -68.1 | -30.6 | ||||||
| Transfers (net) | 78.4 | 95.6 | 108.4 | 157.1 | 95.8 | ||||||
| Capital and financial accounts | 719.7 | 470.9 | 309.7 | 209.2 | 11.9 | ||||||
| Capital account | 133.2 | 170.1 | 60.4 | 41.9 | 14.9 | ||||||
| Financial account | 586.5 | 300.8 | 249.3 | 167.3 | -3.0 | ||||||
| Direct investment (net) | 197.9 | 146.9 | 224.2 | 89.9 | 32.2 | ||||||
| Assets | -2.1 | -2.3 | -0.8 | -0.1 | -0.2 | ||||||
| Liabilities | 200.0 | 149.2 | 225.0 | 90.0 | 32.4 | ||||||
| Portfolio investment (net) | -19.8 | 14.6 | -32.2 | 60.4 | 29.7 | ||||||
| Assets | -61.6 | 28.0 | -13.9 | 7.4 | 3.2 | ||||||
| Liabilities | 41.8 | -13.4 | -18.3 | 53.0 | 26.5 | ||||||
| Trade Credits (net) | 418.6 | 128.2 | 46.7 | -36.5 | -79.8 | ||||||
| Assets | 59.6 | 187.9 | -21.5 | 55.8 | -32.3 | ||||||
| Liabilities | 359.0 | -59.7 | 68.2 | -92.3 | -47.5 | ||||||
| Loans (net) | 72.4 | 12.5 | 26.7 | 114.5 | 29.0 | ||||||
| Assets | -4.2 | 7.1 | -7.0 | 3.3 | 2.2 | ||||||
| Liabilities | 76.6 | 5.4 | 33.7 | 111.2 | 26.8 | ||||||
| General government | 62.4 | 24.7 | -41.5 | -37.2 | -16.6 | ||||||
| Disbursements | 138.2 | 90.7 | 59.4 | 16.0 | 4.4 | ||||||
| Amortization | -75.8 | -66.0 | -100.9 | -53.2 | -21.0 | ||||||
| Other Sectors | 14.2 | -19.3 | 75.2 | 148.4 | 43.4 | ||||||
| Other (net) | -82.6 | -1.4 | -16.1 | -61.0 | -14.1 | ||||||
| Assets | -5.5 | 4.4 | -4.5 | -15.9 | -56.2 | ||||||
| Liabilities | -77.1 | -5.8 | -11.6 | -45.1 | 42.1 | ||||||
| Errors and omissions | 132.9 | 75.3 | 34.3 | 128.9 | -176.6 | ||||||
| Overall balance | 65.0 | -319.3 | 87.3 | 176.2 | 75.1 | ||||||
| Financing | -65.0 | 319.3 | -87.3 | -176.2 | -75.1 | ||||||
| Gross official reserves 1/ | 75.4 | 54.6 | 34.5 | -75.6 | -64.3 | ||||||
| Use of Fund resources | 0.0 | -24.4 | -58.0 | -55.8 | -15.1 | ||||||
| Exceptional financing 2/ | -140.4 | 289.1 | -63.8 | -44.8 | 4.3 | ||||||
| Memorandum items: 3/ | |||||||||||
| Current account (as percent of GDP) | -5.8 | -6.1 | -2.2 | -1.3 | 4.4 | ||||||
| Trade balance (as percent of GDP) | -9.8 | -9.5 | -5.2 | -6.6 | -2.1 | ||||||
| Overall balance (as percent of GDP) | 0.5 | -2.2 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | ||||||
| Gross convertible official reserves 4/ | 393.7 | 345.0 | 309.0 | 356.8 | 413.8 | ||||||
| In months of imports of goods | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | ||||||
| Medium and long-term debt 4/ | 976.0 | 1,011.0 | 886.0 | 902.6 | 839.0 | ||||||
| (as percent of GDP) | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 7.1 | ||||||
| Short-term debt 5/ | 1,173.3 | 1,472.0 | 1,508.3 | 1,396.0 | 1,456.5 | ||||||
| (as percent of GDP) | 8.6 | 10.3 | 13.1 | 11.0 | 12.4 | ||||||
| Debt service ratio 6/ | 2.0 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 3.1 | ||||||
| (excluding bartered exports) | 3.0 | 2.7 | 4.9 | 1.7 | … | ||||||
| Export Value Index (annual percentage change) | 27.5 | -3.3 | -16.7 | … | … | ||||||
| Import Value Index (annual percentage change) | 25.6 | -2.6 | -22.9 | … | … | ||||||
Adjusted for valuation changes.
All accumulation, repayment, and forgiveness of arrears.
Ratios for 1999 reflect the steep devaluation of the exchange rate.
Refers to public and publicly-guaranteed debt only.
Includes arrears and scheduled amortization payments falling due within the following year.
Amortization and interest payments on public and publicly-guaranteed debt over exports of goods and services.
Belarus: Selected International Liabilities, 1997-2001 (June)
(In millions of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated; end-of-period)
Belarus: Selected International Liabilities, 1997-2001 (June)
(In millions of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated; end-of-period)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June | |||||||
| Total medium- and long-term public and publicly-guaranteed external debt | 976 | 1,011 | 886 | 812 | 761 | ||
| Multilateral (including IMF) | 532 | 548 | 449 | 340 | 311 | ||
| IMF | 259 | 245 | 178 | 112 | 95 | ||
| World Bank | 138 | 142 | 130 | 121 | 118 | ||
| EBRD | 102 | 126 | 111 | 81 | 72 | ||
| European Union | 33 | 35 | 30 | 26 | 26 | ||
| Bilateral | 444 | 463 | 437 | 471 | 450 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||
| Russia | 65 | 90 | 81 | 75 | 75 | ||
| United States | 86 | 86 | 85 | 83 | 83 | ||
| Germany | 206 | 194 | 166 | 136 | 142 | ||
| Japan | 30 | 32 | 32 | 29 | 27 | ||
| Total short-term external debt (end-of period) | 1,070 | 1,286 | 1,299 | 1,169 | 1,195 | ||
| Trade credits | 697 | 510 | 622 | 530 | 447 | ||
| Liabilities of the banking system | 159 | 139 | 112 | 114 | 163 | ||
| Arrears | 156 | 577 | 462 | 434 | 459 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||
| Gas | 94 | 234 | 234 | 139 | 185 | ||
| Oil | 39 | 59 | 19 | 22 | 8 | ||
| Electricity | 21 | 129 | 96 | 80 | 73 | ||
| Other | 58 | 60 | 102 | 91 | 126 | ||
Belarus: Selected International Liabilities, 1997-2001 (June)
(In millions of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated; end-of-period)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June | |||||||
| Total medium- and long-term public and publicly-guaranteed external debt | 976 | 1,011 | 886 | 812 | 761 | ||
| Multilateral (including IMF) | 532 | 548 | 449 | 340 | 311 | ||
| IMF | 259 | 245 | 178 | 112 | 95 | ||
| World Bank | 138 | 142 | 130 | 121 | 118 | ||
| EBRD | 102 | 126 | 111 | 81 | 72 | ||
| European Union | 33 | 35 | 30 | 26 | 26 | ||
| Bilateral | 444 | 463 | 437 | 471 | 450 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||
| Russia | 65 | 90 | 81 | 75 | 75 | ||
| United States | 86 | 86 | 85 | 83 | 83 | ||
| Germany | 206 | 194 | 166 | 136 | 142 | ||
| Japan | 30 | 32 | 32 | 29 | 27 | ||
| Total short-term external debt (end-of period) | 1,070 | 1,286 | 1,299 | 1,169 | 1,195 | ||
| Trade credits | 697 | 510 | 622 | 530 | 447 | ||
| Liabilities of the banking system | 159 | 139 | 112 | 114 | 163 | ||
| Arrears | 156 | 577 | 462 | 434 | 459 | ||
| Of which: | |||||||
| Gas | 94 | 234 | 234 | 139 | 185 | ||
| Oil | 39 | 59 | 19 | 22 | 8 | ||
| Electricity | 21 | 129 | 96 | 80 | 73 | ||
| Other | 58 | 60 | 102 | 91 | 126 | ||
Belarus: Disbursements and Payments on Medium- and Long-term Public and Publicly-guaranteed Debt, 1997-2001
(In millions of U.S. dollars; end of period)
Belarus: Disbursements and Payments on Medium- and Long-term Public and Publicly-guaranteed Debt, 1997-2001
(In millions of U.S. dollars; end of period)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual | Projection | |||||||
| Disbursements of medium- and long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt, excluding IMF | 138 | 90 | 39 | 78 | 35 | |||
| Multilateral (Official) | 63 | 42 | 6 | 8 | 0 | |||
| World Bank | 13 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | |||
| EBRD | 50 | 38 | 5 | 5 | 0 | |||
| European Union | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Bilateral (Official) | 75 | 48 | 33 | 70 | 35 | |||
| Russia | 52 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Germany | 11 | 11 | 11 | 20 | 10 | |||
| Other | 12 | 8 | 19 | 50 | 25 | |||
| Other creditors | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Payments on existing stock of medium- and long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt, including IMF | 129 | 137 | 189 | 219 | 187 | |||
| Principal | 66 | 86 | 140 | 170 | 145 | |||
| Interest | 63 | 51 | 49 | 49 | 42 | |||
| IMF | 16 | 37 | 69 | 65 | 36 | |||
| Principal | 0 | 25 | 58 | 58 | 32 | |||
| Interest | 16 | 12 | 11 | 7 | 4 | |||
| World Bank | 8 | 8 | 21 | 26 | 25 | |||
| Principal | 0 | 0 | 13 | 17 | 17 | |||
| Interest | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | |||
| EBRD | 14 | 27 | 25 | 27 | 27 | |||
| Principal | 7 | 18 | 15 | 18 | 19 | |||
| Interest | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 8 | |||
| Bilateral and EU | 91 | 65 | 74 | 101 | 99 | |||
| Principal | 59 | 43 | 54 | 77 | 77 | |||
| Interest | 32 | 22 | 20 | 24 | 22 | |||
Belarus: Disbursements and Payments on Medium- and Long-term Public and Publicly-guaranteed Debt, 1997-2001
(In millions of U.S. dollars; end of period)
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual | Projection | |||||||
| Disbursements of medium- and long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt, excluding IMF | 138 | 90 | 39 | 78 | 35 | |||
| Multilateral (Official) | 63 | 42 | 6 | 8 | 0 | |||
| World Bank | 13 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | |||
| EBRD | 50 | 38 | 5 | 5 | 0 | |||
| European Union | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Bilateral (Official) | 75 | 48 | 33 | 70 | 35 | |||
| Russia | 52 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Germany | 11 | 11 | 11 | 20 | 10 | |||
| Other | 12 | 8 | 19 | 50 | 25 | |||
| Other creditors | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Payments on existing stock of medium- and long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt, including IMF | 129 | 137 | 189 | 219 | 187 | |||
| Principal | 66 | 86 | 140 | 170 | 145 | |||
| Interest | 63 | 51 | 49 | 49 | 42 | |||
| IMF | 16 | 37 | 69 | 65 | 36 | |||
| Principal | 0 | 25 | 58 | 58 | 32 | |||
| Interest | 16 | 12 | 11 | 7 | 4 | |||
| World Bank | 8 | 8 | 21 | 26 | 25 | |||
| Principal | 0 | 0 | 13 | 17 | 17 | |||
| Interest | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | |||
| EBRD | 14 | 27 | 25 | 27 | 27 | |||
| Principal | 7 | 18 | 15 | 18 | 19 | |||
| Interest | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 8 | |||
| Bilateral and EU | 91 | 65 | 74 | 101 | 99 | |||
| Principal | 59 | 43 | 54 | 77 | 77 | |||
| Interest | 32 | 22 | 20 | 24 | 22 | |||
Belarus: Gas Supply and Arrears, 1997-2001 (June)
(In millions of U.S. dollars; end-period stocks)
Arrears include penalties on arrears accumulated.
Belarus: Gas Supply and Arrears, 1997-2001 (June)
(In millions of U.S. dollars; end-period stocks)
| Of which: | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of gas supplied | Total stock of arrears for gas supplied 1/ | Arrears to Gazprom | Arrears to other creditors | Supply of natural gas (in millions of m3) | Price ($ per thousand m3) | ||
| 1997 | Dec | 70.0 | 217.1 | 94.4 | 122.7 | 1,427 | 49.06 |
| 1998 | Jan | 85.9 | 222.2 | 156.4 | 65.8 | 1,719 | 49.97 |
| Feb | 75.6 | 241.3 | 181.4 | 59.9 | 1,512 | 50.02 | |
| Mar | 69.6 | 259.3 | 210.9 | 48.4 | 1,391 | 50.03 | |
| Apr | 59.8 | 277.6 | 206.9 | 70.7 | 1,195 | 50.04 | |
| May | 58.3 | 291.1 | 226.4 | 64.7 | 1,149 | 50.74 | |
| Jun | 45.4 | 305.8 | 241.1 | 64.7 | 895 | 50.73 | |
| Jul | 49.9 | 313.8 | 238.5 | 75.3 | 982 | 50.81 | |
| Aug | 49.5 | 312.1 | 205.6 | 106.5 | 973 | 50.87 | |
| Sep | 54.4 | 290.9 | 212.5 | 78.4 | 1,069 | 50.89 | |
| Oct | 76.7 | 306.5 | 241.9 | 64.6 | 1,514 | 50.66 | |
| Nov | 82.1 | 333.8 | 290.2 | 43.6 | 1,620 | 50.68 | |
| Dec | 89.1 | 380.1 | 232.2 | 147.9 | 1,784 | 49.94 | |
| 1999 | Jan | 52.2 | 355.9 | 216.4 | 139.5 | 1,738 | 30.00 |
| Feb | 44.4 | 336.0 | 245.2 | 90.8 | 1,479 | 30.00 | |
| Mar | 41.6 | 318.1 | 280.7 | 37.4 | 1,385 | 30.00 | |
| Apr | 37.8 | 302.5 | 273.1 | 29.4 | 1,261 | 30.00 | |
| May | 34.8 | 298.6 | 273.1 | 25.5 | 1,161 | 30.00 | |
| Jun | 31.3 | 310.0 | 286.6 | 23.4 | 1,029 | 30.46 | |
| Jul | 32.1 | 307.9 | 272.5 | 35.4 | 1,049 | 30.51 | |
| Aug | 33.0 | 305.7 | 261.7 | 44.0 | 1,082 | 30.52 | |
| Sep | 34.5 | 317.2 | 259.0 | 58.2 | 1,135 | 30.41 | |
| Oct | 41.7 | 320.5 | 279.9 | 40.6 | 1,373 | 30.42 | |
| Nov | 49.0 | 266.1 | 218.1 | 48.0 | 1,634 | 30.00 | |
| Dec | 53.6 | 274.1 | 198.0 | 76.1 | 1,750 | 30.42 | |
| 2000 | Jan | 54.6 | 308.7 | 220.8 | 87.9 | 1,795 | 30.44 |
| Feb | 50.5 | 316.7 | 238.6 | 78.1 | 1,653 | 30.46 | |
| Mar | 52.9 | 326.4 | 236.6 | 89.8 | 1,734 | 30.48 | |
| Apr | 40.0 | 334.6 | 239.4 | 95.2 | 1,312 | 30.49 | |
| May | 34.0 | 328.2 | 224.1 | 104.1 | 1,111 | 30.60 | |
| Jun | 32.7 | 312.6 | 225.0 | 87.6 | 1,068 | 30.60 | |
| Jul | 33.0 | 315.6 | 227.9 | 87.7 | 1,079 | 30.58 | |
| Aug | 34.1 | 282.7 | 209.6 | 73.1 | 1,114 | 30.62 | |
| Sep | 34.0 | 273.9 | 212.3 | 61.6 | 1,111 | 30.62 | |
| Oct | 43.0 | 261.9 | 210.3 | 51.6 | 1,404 | 30.55 | |
| Nov | 43.9 | 305.9 | 251.6 | 54.3 | 1,438 | 30.53 | |
| Dec | 50.1 | 209.1 | 136.9 | 72.2 | 1,641 | 30.51 | |
| 2001 | Jan | 53.7 | 202.1 | 128.9 | 73.2 | 1,761 | 30.51 |
| Feb | 48.5 | 183.4 | 146.4 | 37.0 | 1,590 | 30.52 | |
| Mar | 54.8 | 179.0 | 174.0 | 5.0 | 1,796 | 30.51 | |
| Apr | 40.3 | 174.6 | 162.1 | 12.5 | 1,319 | 30.54 | |
| May | 33.1 | 184.1 | 161.2 | 22.9 | 1,080 | 30.62 | |
| Jun | 32.0 | 195.1 | 175.5 | 19.6 | 1,045 | 30.60 | |
Arrears include penalties on arrears accumulated.
Belarus: Gas Supply and Arrears, 1997-2001 (June)
(In millions of U.S. dollars; end-period stocks)
| Of which: | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of gas supplied | Total stock of arrears for gas supplied 1/ | Arrears to Gazprom | Arrears to other creditors | Supply of natural gas (in millions of m3) | Price ($ per thousand m3) | ||
| 1997 | Dec | 70.0 | 217.1 | 94.4 | 122.7 | 1,427 | 49.06 |
| 1998 | Jan | 85.9 | 222.2 | 156.4 | 65.8 | 1,719 | 49.97 |
| Feb | 75.6 | 241.3 | 181.4 | 59.9 | 1,512 | 50.02 | |
| Mar | 69.6 | 259.3 | 210.9 | 48.4 | 1,391 | 50.03 | |
| Apr | 59.8 | 277.6 | 206.9 | 70.7 | 1,195 | 50.04 | |
| May | 58.3 | 291.1 | 226.4 | 64.7 | 1,149 | 50.74 | |
| Jun | 45.4 | 305.8 | 241.1 | 64.7 | 895 | 50.73 | |
| Jul | 49.9 | 313.8 | 238.5 | 75.3 | 982 | 50.81 | |
| Aug | 49.5 | 312.1 | 205.6 | 106.5 | 973 | 50.87 | |
| Sep | 54.4 | 290.9 | 212.5 | 78.4 | 1,069 | 50.89 | |
| Oct | 76.7 | 306.5 | 241.9 | 64.6 | 1,514 | 50.66 | |
| Nov | 82.1 | 333.8 | 290.2 | 43.6 | 1,620 | 50.68 | |
| Dec | 89.1 | 380.1 | 232.2 | 147.9 | 1,784 | 49.94 | |
| 1999 | Jan | 52.2 | 355.9 | 216.4 | 139.5 | 1,738 | 30.00 |
| Feb | 44.4 | 336.0 | 245.2 | 90.8 | 1,479 | 30.00 | |
| Mar | 41.6 | 318.1 | 280.7 | 37.4 | 1,385 | 30.00 | |
| Apr | 37.8 | 302.5 | 273.1 | 29.4 | 1,261 | 30.00 | |
| May | 34.8 | 298.6 | 273.1 | 25.5 | 1,161 | 30.00 | |
| Jun | 31.3 | 310.0 | 286.6 | 23.4 | 1,029 | 30.46 | |
| Jul | 32.1 | 307.9 | 272.5 | 35.4 | 1,049 | 30.51 | |
| Aug | 33.0 | 305.7 | 261.7 | 44.0 | 1,082 | 30.52 | |
| Sep | 34.5 | 317.2 | 259.0 | 58.2 | 1,135 | 30.41 | |
| Oct | 41.7 | 320.5 | 279.9 | 40.6 | 1,373 | 30.42 | |
| Nov | 49.0 | 266.1 | 218.1 | 48.0 | 1,634 | 30.00 | |
| Dec | 53.6 | 274.1 | 198.0 | 76.1 | 1,750 | 30.42 | |
| 2000 | Jan | 54.6 | 308.7 | 220.8 | 87.9 | 1,795 | 30.44 |
| Feb | 50.5 | 316.7 | 238.6 | 78.1 | 1,653 | 30.46 | |
| Mar | 52.9 | 326.4 | 236.6 | 89.8 | 1,734 | 30.48 | |
| Apr | 40.0 | 334.6 | 239.4 | 95.2 | 1,312 | 30.49 | |
| May | 34.0 | 328.2 | 224.1 | 104.1 | 1,111 | 30.60 | |
| Jun | 32.7 | 312.6 | 225.0 | 87.6 | 1,068 | 30.60 | |
| Jul | 33.0 | 315.6 | 227.9 | 87.7 | 1,079 | 30.58 | |
| Aug | 34.1 | 282.7 | 209.6 | 73.1 | 1,114 | 30.62 | |
| Sep | 34.0 | 273.9 | 212.3 | 61.6 | 1,111 | 30.62 | |
| Oct | 43.0 | 261.9 | 210.3 | 51.6 | 1,404 | 30.55 | |
| Nov | 43.9 | 305.9 | 251.6 | 54.3 | 1,438 | 30.53 | |
| Dec | 50.1 | 209.1 | 136.9 | 72.2 | 1,641 | 30.51 | |
| 2001 | Jan | 53.7 | 202.1 | 128.9 | 73.2 | 1,761 | 30.51 |
| Feb | 48.5 | 183.4 | 146.4 | 37.0 | 1,590 | 30.52 | |
| Mar | 54.8 | 179.0 | 174.0 | 5.0 | 1,796 | 30.51 | |
| Apr | 40.3 | 174.6 | 162.1 | 12.5 | 1,319 | 30.54 | |
| May | 33.1 | 184.1 | 161.2 | 22.9 | 1,080 | 30.62 | |
| Jun | 32.0 | 195.1 | 175.5 | 19.6 | 1,045 | 30.60 | |
Arrears include penalties on arrears accumulated.
Belarus: Transformation of Property, 1996-2001 (Q2)
Belarus: Transformation of Property, 1996-2001 (Q2)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | |||||||
| Number of privatized enterprises | 473 | 493 | 405 | 201 | 124 | 6 | 1 | |
| Cumulative since 1991 | 2,007 | 2,500 | 2,905 | 3,106 | 3,230 | 3,236 | 3,237 | |
| In percent of total eligible for privatization | 17 | 21 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | |
| Transformed by activity | ||||||||
| Industry | 37 | 80 | 62 | 29 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
| Construction | 29 | 39 | 33 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
| Agro-processing | 125 | 70 | 25 | 19 | 44 | 0 | 0 | |
| Transport | 25 | 26 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Service | 41 | 44 | 49 | 31 | 27 | 0 | 0 | |
| Trade and catering | 210 | 232 | 151 | 102 | 40 | 3 | 1 | |
| Other | 44 | 67 | 78 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
| Transformed by method | ||||||||
| Conversion into joint-stock companies | 221 | 178 | 89 | 94 | 81 | 3 | 0 | |
| Buy-outs of leased enterprises | 58 | 76 | 53 | 33 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |
| Sale by competitive bidding | 166 | 182 | 163 | 60 | 16 | 1 | 1 | |
| Sale in auctions | 42 | 41 | 24 | 14 | 15 | 2 | 0 | |
| Sale to individuals | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Sale to juridical persons | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Belarus: Transformation of Property, 1996-2001 (Q2)
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | |||||||
| Number of privatized enterprises | 473 | 493 | 405 | 201 | 124 | 6 | 1 | |
| Cumulative since 1991 | 2,007 | 2,500 | 2,905 | 3,106 | 3,230 | 3,236 | 3,237 | |
| In percent of total eligible for privatization | 17 | 21 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | |
| Transformed by activity | ||||||||
| Industry | 37 | 80 | 62 | 29 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
| Construction | 29 | 39 | 33 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
| Agro-processing | 125 | 70 | 25 | 19 | 44 | 0 | 0 | |
| Transport | 25 | 26 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Service | 41 | 44 | 49 | 31 | 27 | 0 | 0 | |
| Trade and catering | 210 | 232 | 151 | 102 | 40 | 3 | 1 | |
| Other | 44 | 67 | 78 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
| Transformed by method | ||||||||
| Conversion into joint-stock companies | 221 | 178 | 89 | 94 | 81 | 3 | 0 | |
| Buy-outs of leased enterprises | 58 | 76 | 53 | 33 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |
| Sale by competitive bidding | 166 | 182 | 163 | 60 | 16 | 1 | 1 | |
| Sale in auctions | 42 | 41 | 24 | 14 | 15 | 2 | 0 | |
| Sale to individuals | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Sale to juridical persons | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Belarus: Housing Privatization, 1997-2001 (Q1) 1/
The total number of dwelling units that had been privatized during 1989-98 corresponds to 44 percent of the total stock of government and publicly-owned housing. Adding annual percentages will give a different result due to expansion of the housing stock during this period.
Belarus: Housing Privatization, 1997-2001 (Q1) 1/
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||
| Number of apartments privatized during the period | 77 | 86 | 192 | 58 | 3 | 3 | |
| Cumulative number of apartments privatized since 1989 | 778 | 864 | 1,056 | 1,114 | 1,117 | 1,120 | |
| In percent of total government and public owned | 6 | 7 | 18 | 5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | |
| Amount of housing privatized | 4 | 4 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Cumulative number of apartments privatized since 1989 | 41 | 45 | 55 | 58 | 58 | 58 | |
| Average size of privatized apartments | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 49 | |
The total number of dwelling units that had been privatized during 1989-98 corresponds to 44 percent of the total stock of government and publicly-owned housing. Adding annual percentages will give a different result due to expansion of the housing stock during this period.
Belarus: Housing Privatization, 1997-2001 (Q1) 1/
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | ||||||
| Number of apartments privatized during the period | 77 | 86 | 192 | 58 | 3 | 3 | |
| Cumulative number of apartments privatized since 1989 | 778 | 864 | 1,056 | 1,114 | 1,117 | 1,120 | |
| In percent of total government and public owned | 6 | 7 | 18 | 5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | |
| Amount of housing privatized | 4 | 4 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Cumulative number of apartments privatized since 1989 | 41 | 45 | 55 | 58 | 58 | 58 | |
| Average size of privatized apartments | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 49 | |
The total number of dwelling units that had been privatized during 1989-98 corresponds to 44 percent of the total stock of government and publicly-owned housing. Adding annual percentages will give a different result due to expansion of the housing stock during this period.
Prepared by Alfred Schipke.
The system is in fact a crawling band; the original band (2 percent) has been recently widened to 5 percent.
The terms of the stabilization loans are covered under separate agreements. In July 2001, the CBR disbursed the first tranche (Rub 1.5 billion) of a Rub 4.5 billion stabilization fund to the National Bank of Belarus (NBB). As a precondition, Belarus had—among other things—to unify its official exchange rates and remove restrictions on settlements in national currencies between residents of the two countries. An agreement for releasing the second tranche, in the same amount, was signed on November 30, 2001.
If this were to hold for Belarus, GDP per capita could rise on average by more than 5 percent per year. The total impact on GDP per capita for the 20 year period can be calculated on the basis of the following formula:
Bad harvests, for example, adversely affected output in Belarus in 1998 and 1999.
Given that the real exchange rate is still below its pre-crisis level, the growth performance in the nonenergy sector has remained relatively strong.
In addition, at least theoretically, the Russian government had the option of partly subsidizing nonenergy export sectors to offset some of the adverse impact of high energy prices. The Norwegian government, for example, avoided some of the adverse implications of “Dutch disease” after the country discovered its oil resources in the North Sea by subsidizing the export of manufacturing products.
The current framework for a future monetary and economic union does not envisage any fiscal transfers.
Other macroeconomic indicators also suggest that Belarus and Russia have diverged substantially since the breakup of the former Soviet Union (see Kallaur (2001)).
On the basis of an annual inflation rate of 7 percent and a discount rate of 10 percent in 2005, the NPV of seigniorage loss could amount to about 10 percent of GDP.
The ERM was part of the European Monetary System (EMS), which was set up in 1979 in order to reduce exchange rate volatility. During the 1980s the system was relatively stable and free of major shocks because: (i) countries with relatively high inflation rates, such as Italy, used wide bands (of 6 percent around the central rate); and (ii) a number of key countries, such as France and Italy, continued to have capital controls in place. Both factors ensured that speculative attacks were limited. After the remaining capital controls were eliminated at the beginning of the 1990s, the robustness of the exchange rate system was reduced. Combined with inconsistent macroeconomic policies in some member countries, this led to a number of speculative attacks. The EMS crises in the early 1990s illustrate how—as a result of asymmetric shocks—market participants rendered monetary policy unsustainable and forced a disruptive devaluation. For a discussion of the EMS experience, see DeGrauwe (2000).
Prepared by željko Bogetić based on the updates provided by the authorities.
21.6 MMW plus marginal tax rate.
75.6 MMW plus marginal tax rate.
123.6 MMW plus marginal tax rate.
183.6 MMW plus marginal tax rate.
It should be noted that legislation of Belarus uses the term “real estate tax,” not “property tax.”
