Pakistan: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix

This Selected Issues paper analyzes Pakistan's tax reform and revenue performance. The paper assesses the nature and magnitude of Pakistan's actual twin debt problem in a historical context, and reviews the policy options. The study highlights the factors explaining the recent stagnation in merchandise exports, and analyzes the country's export performance with regard to the linkages between performance and the structure of exports. The paper reviews a survey of poverty in Pakistan, and also provides a statistical appendix report of the country.

Abstract

STATISTICAL APPENDIX

Table 1.

Pakistan: Sectoral Origin of Gross Domestic Product, 1995/96–1999/2000

(At 1980/81 constant prices)

Sources: Data provided by the Pakistan authorities.

Table 1.

Pakistan: Sectoral Origin of Gross Domestic Product, 1995/96–1999/2000

(At 1980/81 constant prices)

							Prel.	Est.
				1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
				(In millions of Pakistan Rupees)
Agriculture				148,832	149,016	155,748	158,782	170,056
	Crops			88,847	86,404	93,510	94,746	104,225
	Livestock			54,172	56,469	56,024	57,821	59,431
	Fishing and forestry			5,813	6,143	6,214	6,215	6,400
Industry				144,522	144,082	152,893	156,746	161,355
Manufacturing				96,016	95,945	102,593	106,877	107,919
		Large-scale manufacturing		69,424	67,941	73,102	75,820	75,213
		Small-scale manufacturing		26,592	28,004	29,491	31,057	32,706
	Mining and quarrying			2,833	2,886	2,744	2,844	3,062
	Construction			21,944	22,183	22,462	21,059	22,373
	Electricity, and gas distribution			23,759	23,068	25,094	25,966	28,001
Services				276,773	286,767	291,484	303,488	317,076
	Commerce			54,798	56,859	60,959	62,834	65,282
	Transport, storage and communications			92,542	93,208	92,157	94,131	96,486
	Banking and insurance			15,283	17,039	12,958	14,907	15,931
	Ownership of dwellings			31,435	33,095	34,842	36,682	38,618
	Public admin. and defense			35,917	36,712	37,459	38,357	40,488
	Other services			46,798	49,854	53,109	56,577	60,271
GDP (at factor cost)				570,157	579,865	600,125	619,016	648,487
Indirect taxes less subsidies				53,071	49,685	45,480	43,999	53,776
GDP (at market prices)				623,228	629,550	645,605	663,015	702,263
				(Annual percentage changes)
GDP at factor cost				6.6	1.7	3.5	3.1	4.8
Agriculture				11.7	0.1	4.5	1.9	7.1
	Of which: Crops			5.6	-2.7	8.2	1.3	10.0
Industry				4.7	-0.3	6.1	2.5	2.9
	Manufacturing			3.7	-0.1	6.9	4.2	1.0
		Of which: Large-scale manufacturing		3.1	-2.1	7.6	3.7	-0.8
	Construction			3.3	1.1	1.3	-6.2	6.2
	Electricity and gas distribution			10.1	-2.9	8.8	3.5	7.8
Services				5.0	3.6	1.6	4.1	4.5
			Commerce	0.8	3.8	7.2	3.1	3.9
			Transport and communications	6.1	0.7	-1.1	2.1	2.5
			Banking and insurance	13.8	11.5	-24.0	15.0	6.9
			Public admin. and defense	3.2	2.2	2.0	2.4	5.6

Sources: Data provided by the Pakistan authorities.

Table 1.

Pakistan: Sectoral Origin of Gross Domestic Product, 1995/96–1999/2000

(At 1980/81 constant prices)

							Prel.	Est.
				1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
				(In millions of Pakistan Rupees)
Agriculture				148,832	149,016	155,748	158,782	170,056
	Crops			88,847	86,404	93,510	94,746	104,225
	Livestock			54,172	56,469	56,024	57,821	59,431
	Fishing and forestry			5,813	6,143	6,214	6,215	6,400
Industry				144,522	144,082	152,893	156,746	161,355
Manufacturing				96,016	95,945	102,593	106,877	107,919
		Large-scale manufacturing		69,424	67,941	73,102	75,820	75,213
		Small-scale manufacturing		26,592	28,004	29,491	31,057	32,706
	Mining and quarrying			2,833	2,886	2,744	2,844	3,062
	Construction			21,944	22,183	22,462	21,059	22,373
	Electricity, and gas distribution			23,759	23,068	25,094	25,966	28,001
Services				276,773	286,767	291,484	303,488	317,076
	Commerce			54,798	56,859	60,959	62,834	65,282
	Transport, storage and communications			92,542	93,208	92,157	94,131	96,486
	Banking and insurance			15,283	17,039	12,958	14,907	15,931
	Ownership of dwellings			31,435	33,095	34,842	36,682	38,618
	Public admin. and defense			35,917	36,712	37,459	38,357	40,488
	Other services			46,798	49,854	53,109	56,577	60,271
GDP (at factor cost)				570,157	579,865	600,125	619,016	648,487
Indirect taxes less subsidies				53,071	49,685	45,480	43,999	53,776
GDP (at market prices)				623,228	629,550	645,605	663,015	702,263
				(Annual percentage changes)
GDP at factor cost				6.6	1.7	3.5	3.1	4.8
Agriculture				11.7	0.1	4.5	1.9	7.1
	Of which: Crops			5.6	-2.7	8.2	1.3	10.0
Industry				4.7	-0.3	6.1	2.5	2.9
	Manufacturing			3.7	-0.1	6.9	4.2	1.0
		Of which: Large-scale manufacturing		3.1	-2.1	7.6	3.7	-0.8
	Construction			3.3	1.1	1.3	-6.2	6.2
	Electricity and gas distribution			10.1	-2.9	8.8	3.5	7.8
Services				5.0	3.6	1.6	4.1	4.5
			Commerce	0.8	3.8	7.2	3.1	3.9
			Transport and communications	6.1	0.7	-1.1	2.1	2.5
			Banking and insurance	13.8	11.5	-24.0	15.0	6.9
			Public admin. and defense	3.2	2.2	2.0	2.4	5.6

Sources: Data provided by the Pakistan authorities.

Table 2.

Pakistan: Sectoral Origin of Gross Domestic Product, 1995/96–1999/2000

Sources: Data provided by the Pakistan authorities.

Table 2.

Pakistan: Sectoral Origin of Gross Domestic Product, 1995/96–1999/2000

							Prel.	Est.
				1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
				(In millions of Pakistan Rupees)
Agriculture				491,791	594,554	677,531	736,834	773,773
	Crops			277,911	302,168	366,807	403,309	419,963
	Livestock			199,432	275,948	293,629	316,348	334,850
	Fishing and forestry			14,448	16,438	17,095	17,177	18,960
Industry				466,319	523,478	590,504	635,804	679,110
	Manufacturing			309,715	353,571	393,149	423,987	445,863
			Large-scale	226,482	255,798	284,725	308,110	316,678
			Small-scale	83,233	97,773	108,424	115,877	129,185
	Mining and quarrying			11,272	11,483	13,510	14,512	16,851
	Construction			70,769	81,338	89,322	88,395	96,645
	Electricity, and gas distribution			74,563	77,086	94,523	108,910	119,751
Services				971,781	1,108,548	1,212,849	1,338,440	1,478,619
	Commerce			186,091	218,022	252,752	276,347	305,919
	Transport storage and communications			321,288	357,177	375,865	412,387	442,474
	Banking and insurance			66,437	80,287	77,297	85,894	95,701
	Ownership of dwellings			83,067	96,323	109,972	123,501	134,703
	Public admin. and defense			159,164	171,252	183,932	200,366	235,543
	Other services			155,734	185,487	213,031	239,945	264,279
GDP (at factor cost)				1,929,891	2,226,580	2,480,884	2,711,078	2,931,502
Indirect taxes less subsidies				190,282	201,732	196,772	202,436	250,761
GDP (at market prices)				2,120,173	2,428,312	2,677,656	2,913,514	3,182,263
				(In percent of GDP at factor cost)
Agriculture				25.5	26.7	27.3	27.2	26.4
Industry				24.2	23.5	23.8	23.5	23.2
	Manufacturing			16.0	15.9	15.8	15.6	15.2
	Mining and quarrying			0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6
	Construction			3.7	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.3
	Electricity and gas distribution			3.9	3.5	3.8	4.0	4.1
Services				50.4	49.8	48.9	49.4	50.4
		Commerce		9.6	9.8	10.2	10.2	10.4
		Transport storage and communication		16.6	16.0	15.2	15.2	15.1
		Banking and insurance		3.4	3.6	3.1	3.2	3.3
		Ownership of dwellings		4.3	4.3	4.4	4.6	4.6
		Public admin. and defense		8.2	7.7	7.4	7.4	8.0
		Other services		8.1	8.3	8.6	8.9	9.0

Sources: Data provided by the Pakistan authorities.

Table 2.

Pakistan: Sectoral Origin of Gross Domestic Product, 1995/96–1999/2000

							Prel.	Est.
				1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
				(In millions of Pakistan Rupees)
Agriculture				491,791	594,554	677,531	736,834	773,773
	Crops			277,911	302,168	366,807	403,309	419,963
	Livestock			199,432	275,948	293,629	316,348	334,850
	Fishing and forestry			14,448	16,438	17,095	17,177	18,960
Industry				466,319	523,478	590,504	635,804	679,110
	Manufacturing			309,715	353,571	393,149	423,987	445,863
			Large-scale	226,482	255,798	284,725	308,110	316,678
			Small-scale	83,233	97,773	108,424	115,877	129,185
	Mining and quarrying			11,272	11,483	13,510	14,512	16,851
	Construction			70,769	81,338	89,322	88,395	96,645
	Electricity, and gas distribution			74,563	77,086	94,523	108,910	119,751
Services				971,781	1,108,548	1,212,849	1,338,440	1,478,619
	Commerce			186,091	218,022	252,752	276,347	305,919
	Transport storage and communications			321,288	357,177	375,865	412,387	442,474
	Banking and insurance			66,437	80,287	77,297	85,894	95,701
	Ownership of dwellings			83,067	96,323	109,972	123,501	134,703
	Public admin. and defense			159,164	171,252	183,932	200,366	235,543
	Other services			155,734	185,487	213,031	239,945	264,279
GDP (at factor cost)				1,929,891	2,226,580	2,480,884	2,711,078	2,931,502
Indirect taxes less subsidies				190,282	201,732	196,772	202,436	250,761
GDP (at market prices)				2,120,173	2,428,312	2,677,656	2,913,514	3,182,263
				(In percent of GDP at factor cost)
Agriculture				25.5	26.7	27.3	27.2	26.4
Industry				24.2	23.5	23.8	23.5	23.2
	Manufacturing			16.0	15.9	15.8	15.6	15.2
	Mining and quarrying			0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6
	Construction			3.7	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.3
	Electricity and gas distribution			3.9	3.5	3.8	4.0	4.1
Services				50.4	49.8	48.9	49.4	50.4
		Commerce		9.6	9.8	10.2	10.2	10.4
		Transport storage and communication		16.6	16.0	15.2	15.2	15.1
		Banking and insurance		3.4	3.6	3.1	3.2	3.3
		Ownership of dwellings		4.3	4.3	4.4	4.6	4.6
		Public admin. and defense		8.2	7.7	7.4	7.4	8.0
		Other services		8.1	8.3	8.6	8.9	9.0

Sources: Data provided by the Pakistan authorities.

Table 3.

Pakistan: Expenditure and Savings, 1995/96–1999/2000

(At current prices)

Sources: Data provided by the Pakistan authorities; and Fund staff estimates.

Table 3.

Pakistan: Expenditure and Savings, 1995/96–1999/2000

(At current prices)

						Prel.	Est.
			1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
			(In millions of Pakistan Rupees)
Nominal GDP at current prices (MP)			2,120,173	2,428,312	2,677,656	2,913,514	3,182,263
Net export of goods and nonfactor services			-174,963	-179,497	-120,060	-142,919	-113,102
	Exports		332,490	378,643	429,259	442,959	493,652
	Imports		507,454	558,140	549,319	585,878	606,753
Gross domestic expenditures			2,295,136	2,607,809	2,797,716	3,056,433	3,295,365
Gross domestic investment			403,417	436,043	475,277	435,893	476,330
	Gross domestic fixed capital formation		369,079	397,768	403,877	387,920	424,609
		Public	175,267	147,968	149,753	146,163	149,852
		Private	193,812	249,800	254,124	241,757	274,758
	Change in stocks		34,338	38,275	71,400	47,973	51,721
Consumption			1,891,719	2,171,766	2,322,439	2,620,540	2,819,035
	Public		294,944	308,084	326,264	350,243	391,191
	Private		1,596,775	1,863,682	1,996,175	2,270,297	2,427,844
Gross domestic savings			228,454	256,546	355,217	292,974	363,228
	Public		18,550	-14,825	-42,891	3,493	-25,358
	Private		209,904	271,372	398,108	289,481	388,587
			(In percent of GDP)
Net export of goods and nonfactor services			-8.3	-7.4	-4.5	-4.9	-3.6
	Exports		15.7	15.6	16.0	15.2	15.5
	Imports		23.9	23.0	20.5	20.1	19.1
Gross domestic expenditures			108.3	107.4	104.5	104.9	103.6
Gross domestic investment			19.0	18.0	17.7	15.0	15.0
Consumption			89.2	89.4	86.7	89.9	88.6
Gross domestic savings			10.8	10.6	13.3	10.1	11.4
Memorandum items:
	Net factor income from abroad and private transfers		1.0	1.7	1.8	1.1	1.9
	Gross national savings		11.8	12.3	15.0	11.2	13.3

Sources: Data provided by the Pakistan authorities; and Fund staff estimates.

Table 3.

Pakistan: Expenditure and Savings, 1995/96–1999/2000

(At current prices)

						Prel.	Est.
			1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
			(In millions of Pakistan Rupees)
Nominal GDP at current prices (MP)			2,120,173	2,428,312	2,677,656	2,913,514	3,182,263
Net export of goods and nonfactor services			-174,963	-179,497	-120,060	-142,919	-113,102
	Exports		332,490	378,643	429,259	442,959	493,652
	Imports		507,454	558,140	549,319	585,878	606,753
Gross domestic expenditures			2,295,136	2,607,809	2,797,716	3,056,433	3,295,365
Gross domestic investment			403,417	436,043	475,277	435,893	476,330
	Gross domestic fixed capital formation		369,079	397,768	403,877	387,920	424,609
		Public	175,267	147,968	149,753	146,163	149,852
		Private	193,812	249,800	254,124	241,757	274,758
	Change in stocks		34,338	38,275	71,400	47,973	51,721
Consumption			1,891,719	2,171,766	2,322,439	2,620,540	2,819,035
	Public		294,944	308,084	326,264	350,243	391,191
	Private		1,596,775	1,863,682	1,996,175	2,270,297	2,427,844
Gross domestic savings			228,454	256,546	355,217	292,974	363,228
	Public		18,550	-14,825	-42,891	3,493	-25,358
	Private		209,904	271,372	398,108	289,481	388,587
			(In percent of GDP)
Net export of goods and nonfactor services			-8.3	-7.4	-4.5	-4.9	-3.6
	Exports		15.7	15.6	16.0	15.2	15.5
	Imports		23.9	23.0	20.5	20.1	19.1
Gross domestic expenditures			108.3	107.4	104.5	104.9	103.6
Gross domestic investment			19.0	18.0	17.7	15.0	15.0
Consumption			89.2	89.4	86.7	89.9	88.6
Gross domestic savings			10.8	10.6	13.3	10.1	11.4
Memorandum items:
	Net factor income from abroad and private transfers		1.0	1.7	1.8	1.1	1.9
	Gross national savings		11.8	12.3	15.0	11.2	13.3

Sources: Data provided by the Pakistan authorities; and Fund staff estimates.

Table 4.

Pakistan: Gross Fixed Capital Formation by Economic Sector, 1995/96–1999/2000

(At current prices)

Source: Federal Bureau of Statistics.

Table 4.

Pakistan: Gross Fixed Capital Formation by Economic Sector, 1995/96–1999/2000

(At current prices)

							Prel.	Est.
				1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
				(In millions of Pakistan Rupees)
Private sector				193,781	231,732	262,497	233,693	255,616
	Agriculture			21,776	20,055	21,419	29,111	33,639
	Mining and quarrying			2,112	2,294	5,247	6,342	4,180
	Large-scale manufacturing			46,718	51,785	49,897	41,955	54,785
	Small-scale manufacturing			11,957	14,231	16,177	18,924	20,659
	Construction			10,697	10,722	12,073	9,588	11,271
	Transport and communications			13,259	23,441	33,187	22,164	28,021
	Banking, insurance, and other financial institutions			4,009	8,869	5,625	7,550	5,884
	Ownership of dwellings			38,730	44,927	49,182	53,200	56,093
	Wholesale and retail trade and other services			4,845	4,475	5,647	5,853	6,515
Public sector				175,298	166,036	141,380	154,227	168,993
	Public sector enterprises			112,478	113,203	81,802	92,035	100,049
		Agriculture		9,516	3,150	3,482	5,474	7,437
		Mining and quarrying		6,797	13,601	5,774	3,772	2,648
		Manufacturing		3,840	8,684	5,345	10,894	10,962
		Construction		5,024	5,330	4,268	3,298	2,261
		Electricity and gas		51,490	32,555	26,181	26,613	29,192
		Transport and communications		31,809	46,434	30,140	36,385	42,351
			Railway	3,368	3,582	2,219	3,450	2,016
			Post office, telegraph and telephone	14,999	22,647	9,921	13,326	12,525
			Others	13,442	20,205	18,000	19,609	27,810
	Wholesale and retail trade			173	52	0	2	0
		Financial institutions		1,608	1,675	1,738	2,275	2,123
		Services		2,221	1,722	4,873	3,322	3,075
	General government			62,820	52,833	59,578	62,192	68,944
		Federal		20,118	21,485	23,773	24,351	29,563
		Provincial		34,522	24,928	27,824	29,081	29,794
		Local bodies		8,180	6,420	7,981	8,760	9,587
				(Annual changes in percent)
Private sector				18.7	19.6	13.3	-11.0	9.4
	Of which:
		Agriculture		-3.2	-7.9	6.8	35.9	15.6
		Large-scale manufacturing		20.1	10.8	-3.6	-15.9	30.6
		Small-scale manufacturing		21.7	19.0	13.7	17.0	9.2
		Construction		13.1	0.2	12.6	-20.6	17.6
		Transport and communications		65.6	76.8	41.6	-33.2	26.4
		Ownership of dwellings		13.8	16.0	9.5	8.2	5.4
Public sector				13.0	-5.3	-14.8	9.1	9.6
	Public sector enterprises			16.5	0.6	-27.7	12.5	8.7
		Of which:
			Electricity and gas	4.0	-36.8	-19.6	1.7	9.7
			Transport and communications	39.8	46.0	-35.1	20.7	16.4
	General government			7.3	-15.9	12.8	4.4	10.9

Source: Federal Bureau of Statistics.

Table 4.

Pakistan: Gross Fixed Capital Formation by Economic Sector, 1995/96–1999/2000

(At current prices)

							Prel.	Est.
				1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
				(In millions of Pakistan Rupees)
Private sector				193,781	231,732	262,497	233,693	255,616
	Agriculture			21,776	20,055	21,419	29,111	33,639
	Mining and quarrying			2,112	2,294	5,247	6,342	4,180
	Large-scale manufacturing			46,718	51,785	49,897	41,955	54,785
	Small-scale manufacturing			11,957	14,231	16,177	18,924	20,659
	Construction			10,697	10,722	12,073	9,588	11,271
	Transport and communications			13,259	23,441	33,187	22,164	28,021
	Banking, insurance, and other financial institutions			4,009	8,869	5,625	7,550	5,884
	Ownership of dwellings			38,730	44,927	49,182	53,200	56,093
	Wholesale and retail trade and other services			4,845	4,475	5,647	5,853	6,515
Public sector				175,298	166,036	141,380	154,227	168,993
	Public sector enterprises			112,478	113,203	81,802	92,035	100,049
		Agriculture		9,516	3,150	3,482	5,474	7,437
		Mining and quarrying		6,797	13,601	5,774	3,772	2,648
		Manufacturing		3,840	8,684	5,345	10,894	10,962
		Construction		5,024	5,330	4,268	3,298	2,261
		Electricity and gas		51,490	32,555	26,181	26,613	29,192
		Transport and communications		31,809	46,434	30,140	36,385	42,351
			Railway	3,368	3,582	2,219	3,450	2,016
			Post office, telegraph and telephone	14,999	22,647	9,921	13,326	12,525
			Others	13,442	20,205	18,000	19,609	27,810
	Wholesale and retail trade			173	52	0	2	0
		Financial institutions		1,608	1,675	1,738	2,275	2,123
		Services		2,221	1,722	4,873	3,322	3,075
	General government			62,820	52,833	59,578	62,192	68,944
		Federal		20,118	21,485	23,773	24,351	29,563
		Provincial		34,522	24,928	27,824	29,081	29,794
		Local bodies		8,180	6,420	7,981	8,760	9,587
				(Annual changes in percent)
Private sector				18.7	19.6	13.3	-11.0	9.4
	Of which:
		Agriculture		-3.2	-7.9	6.8	35.9	15.6
		Large-scale manufacturing		20.1	10.8	-3.6	-15.9	30.6
		Small-scale manufacturing		21.7	19.0	13.7	17.0	9.2
		Construction		13.1	0.2	12.6	-20.6	17.6
		Transport and communications		65.6	76.8	41.6	-33.2	26.4
		Ownership of dwellings		13.8	16.0	9.5	8.2	5.4
Public sector				13.0	-5.3	-14.8	9.1	9.6
	Public sector enterprises			16.5	0.6	-27.7	12.5	8.7
		Of which:
			Electricity and gas	4.0	-36.8	-19.6	1.7	9.7
			Transport and communications	39.8	46.0	-35.1	20.7	16.4
	General government			7.3	-15.9	12.8	4.4	10.9

Source: Federal Bureau of Statistics.

Table 5.

Pakistan: Production of Major Crops, 1995/96–1999/2000

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock.

^{^1/}In thousands of bales.

Table 5.

Pakistan: Production of Major Crops, 1995/96–1999/2000

					Prel.
	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
(In thousand of metric tons unless otherwise specified)
Cotton ^1/	10,595	9,374	9,184	8,790	11,240
Wheat	16,907	16,651	18,694	17,858	21,095
Rice	3,966	4,305	4,333	4,674	5,156
Sugarcane	45,230	41,998	53,104	55,191	46,333
(Annual changes in percent)
Cotton	21.8	-11.5	-2.0	-4.3	27.9
Wheat	-0.6	-1.5	12.3	-4.5	18.1
Rice	15.1	8.5	0.7	7.9	10.3
Sugarcane	-4.1	-7.1	26.4	3.6	-16.1

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock.

^{^1/}In thousands of bales.

Table 5.

Pakistan: Production of Major Crops, 1995/96–1999/2000

					Prel.
	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
(In thousand of metric tons unless otherwise specified)
Cotton ^1/	10,595	9,374	9,184	8,790	11,240
Wheat	16,907	16,651	18,694	17,858	21,095
Rice	3,966	4,305	4,333	4,674	5,156
Sugarcane	45,230	41,998	53,104	55,191	46,333
(Annual changes in percent)
Cotton	21.8	-11.5	-2.0	-4.3	27.9
Wheat	-0.6	-1.5	12.3	-4.5	18.1
Rice	15.1	8.5	0.7	7.9	10.3
Sugarcane	-4.1	-7.1	26.4	3.6	-16.1

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock.

^{^1/}In thousands of bales.

Table 6.

Pakistan: Area, Production, and Yield of Major Crops, 1995/96–1999/2000

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock.

Table 6.

Pakistan: Area, Production, and Yield of Major Crops, 1995/96–1999/2000

						Prel.
		1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
Wheat
	Production (thousand metric tons)	16,907	16,651	18,694	17,858	21,095
	Area (thousand hectares)	8,377	8,109	8,355	8,230	8,462
	Yield (kilograms per hectares)	2,018	2,053	2,238	2,170	2,493
Rice
	Production (thousand metric tons)	3,966	4,305	4,333	4674	5,156
	Area (thousand hectares)	2,162	2,251	2,317	2424	2,515
	Yield (kilograms per hectares)	1,835	1,912	1,870	1928	2,050
Cotton (Lint)
	Production (thousand bales)	10,595	9,374	9,184	8,790	11,240
	Area (thousand hectares)	2,997	3,149	2,960	2,923	2,983
	Yield (kilograms per hectares)	601	506	528	512	641
Sugarcane
	Production (thousand metric tons)	45,230	41,998	53,104	55,191	46,333
	Area (thousand hectares)	963	965	1,056	1,155	1,010
	Yield (kilograms per hectares)	46,968	43,544	50,279	47,780	45,883

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock.

Table 6.

Pakistan: Area, Production, and Yield of Major Crops, 1995/96–1999/2000

						Prel.
		1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
Wheat
	Production (thousand metric tons)	16,907	16,651	18,694	17,858	21,095
	Area (thousand hectares)	8,377	8,109	8,355	8,230	8,462
	Yield (kilograms per hectares)	2,018	2,053	2,238	2,170	2,493
Rice
	Production (thousand metric tons)	3,966	4,305	4,333	4674	5,156
	Area (thousand hectares)	2,162	2,251	2,317	2424	2,515
	Yield (kilograms per hectares)	1,835	1,912	1,870	1928	2,050
Cotton (Lint)
	Production (thousand bales)	10,595	9,374	9,184	8,790	11,240
	Area (thousand hectares)	2,997	3,149	2,960	2,923	2,983
	Yield (kilograms per hectares)	601	506	528	512	641
Sugarcane
	Production (thousand metric tons)	45,230	41,998	53,104	55,191	46,333
	Area (thousand hectares)	963	965	1,056	1,155	1,010
	Yield (kilograms per hectares)	46,968	43,544	50,279	47,780	45,883

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock.

Table 7.

Pakistan: Output in Selected Industries, 1995/96–1999/2000

(In thousands of metric tons unless otherwise specified)

Sources: Federal Bureau of Statistics; and Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs.

Table 7.

Pakistan: Output in Selected Industries, 1995/96–1999/2000

(In thousands of metric tons unless otherwise specified)

						Prel.
		1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
Petroleum products		6,343	5,930	5975	5924	6056
Cotton manufactures
	Cotton yarn	1,495	1,521	1,532	1,540	1,675
	Cotton cloth (in millions of square meters)	327	334	340	385	437
Food and tobacco
	White sugar	2,426	2,383	3,555	3,568	2,429
	Beverages (in thousands of bottles)	1,573	1,390	1,798	2,220	2,218
	Vegetable products	733	714	735	843	830
	Cigarettes (in billions)	46	46	48	52	47
Chemicals
	Urea	3,260	3,259	3,284	3,522	3,655
	Superphosphate	104	0	0	22	146
	Ammonium sulphate	84	81	0	0	0
	Soda ash	221	247	239	239	249
	Caustic soda	109	118	116	120	141
	Sulphuric acid	69	31	28	27	49
	Ammonium nitrate	383	330	316	339	387
	Nitrophosphate	337	350	293	285	261
Cement (in millions of metric tons)		9.6	9.5	9.4	9.6	9.0
Pig iron		1,002	1,069	1,016	989	1,107
Billets		332	379	348	276	345
Paperboard		193	149	178	187	206
Chipboard		110	198	166	170	221
Tractors (in thousands)		16.2	10.4	14.1	26.6	34.5
Bicycles (in thousands)		545	432	452	504	534
Motor tires (in thousands)		1,003	525	767	845	856

Sources: Federal Bureau of Statistics; and Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs.

Table 7.

Pakistan: Output in Selected Industries, 1995/96–1999/2000

(In thousands of metric tons unless otherwise specified)

						Prel.
		1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
Petroleum products		6,343	5,930	5975	5924	6056
Cotton manufactures
	Cotton yarn	1,495	1,521	1,532	1,540	1,675
	Cotton cloth (in millions of square meters)	327	334	340	385	437
Food and tobacco
	White sugar	2,426	2,383	3,555	3,568	2,429
	Beverages (in thousands of bottles)	1,573	1,390	1,798	2,220	2,218
	Vegetable products	733	714	735	843	830
	Cigarettes (in billions)	46	46	48	52	47
Chemicals
	Urea	3,260	3,259	3,284	3,522	3,655
	Superphosphate	104	0	0	22	146
	Ammonium sulphate	84	81	0	0	0
	Soda ash	221	247	239	239	249
	Caustic soda	109	118	116	120	141
	Sulphuric acid	69	31	28	27	49
	Ammonium nitrate	383	330	316	339	387
	Nitrophosphate	337	350	293	285	261
Cement (in millions of metric tons)		9.6	9.5	9.4	9.6	9.0
Pig iron		1,002	1,069	1,016	989	1,107
Billets		332	379	348	276	345
Paperboard		193	149	178	187	206
Chipboard		110	198	166	170	221
Tractors (in thousands)		16.2	10.4	14.1	26.6	34.5
Bicycles (in thousands)		545	432	452	504	534
Motor tires (in thousands)		1,003	525	767	845	856

Sources: Federal Bureau of Statistics; and Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs.

Table 8.

Pakistan: Selected Textile Industry Statistics, 1995/96–1999/2000

Source: Ministry of Industries and Production (Textile Commissioner).

Table 8.

Pakistan: Selected Textile Industry Statistics, 1995/96–1999/2000

	Capacity Installed		Capacity Utilized		Consumption		Export
	Spindles	Rotors	Spindles	Rotors	Raw cotton	Yarn	Yarn
	(Number of spindles and rotors)				(In thousand of kilograms)
1995/96	8,726,877	142,780	6,417,170	81,425	1,702,646	1,505,244	531,469
1996/97	8,230,424	143,460	6,442,167	86,197	1,681,060	1,530,855	501,605
1997/98	8,367,690	149,636	6,584,187	82,647	1,783,798	1,542,360	462,546
1998/99	8,391,663	166,365	6,598,517	67,589	1,849,609	1,547,632	417,739
1999/2000	8,436,767	146,687	6,741,404	67,845	1,969,765	1,678,198	511,344
	(Annual percentage changes)
1995/96	1.4	8.3	3.2	4.7	6.1	6.5	1.8
1996/97	-5.7	0.5	0.4	5.9	-1.3	1.7	-5.6
1997/98	1.7	4.3	2.2	-4.1	6.1	0.8	-7.8
1998/99	0.3	11.2	0.2	-18.2	3.7	0.3	-9.7
1999/2000	0.5	-11.8	2.2	0.4	6.5	8.4	22.4

Source: Ministry of Industries and Production (Textile Commissioner).

Table 8.

Pakistan: Selected Textile Industry Statistics, 1995/96–1999/2000

	Capacity Installed		Capacity Utilized		Consumption		Export
	Spindles	Rotors	Spindles	Rotors	Raw cotton	Yarn	Yarn
	(Number of spindles and rotors)				(In thousand of kilograms)
1995/96	8,726,877	142,780	6,417,170	81,425	1,702,646	1,505,244	531,469
1996/97	8,230,424	143,460	6,442,167	86,197	1,681,060	1,530,855	501,605
1997/98	8,367,690	149,636	6,584,187	82,647	1,783,798	1,542,360	462,546
1998/99	8,391,663	166,365	6,598,517	67,589	1,849,609	1,547,632	417,739
1999/2000	8,436,767	146,687	6,741,404	67,845	1,969,765	1,678,198	511,344
	(Annual percentage changes)
1995/96	1.4	8.3	3.2	4.7	6.1	6.5	1.8
1996/97	-5.7	0.5	0.4	5.9	-1.3	1.7	-5.6
1997/98	1.7	4.3	2.2	-4.1	6.1	0.8	-7.8
1998/99	0.3	11.2	0.2	-18.2	3.7	0.3	-9.7
1999/2000	0.5	-11.8	2.2	0.4	6.5	8.4	22.4

Source: Ministry of Industries and Production (Textile Commissioner).

Table 9.

Pakistan: Consumer and Wholesale Price Indices, 1995/96–1999/2000

(1990/91 = 100)

Source: Federal Bureau of Statistics.

^{^1/}For fiscal year data, refers to the change in the 12-month average of the indices during the year. For monthly data, refers to the percentage change in the current month’s 12-month average of the indices over that of the corresponding month of the preceding year.

^{^2/}For fiscal year data, refers to the change in the indeces at the end of the yar. For monthly data, refers to the percentage change in the indeces in any given month compared to the corresponding month of the preceding year.

Table 9.

Pakistan: Consumer and Wholesale Price Indices, 1995/96–1999/2000

(1990/91 = 100)

	Index (12-month average)		Twelve-month percent change ^1/		Year-on-year percent change ^2/
	CPI	WPI	CPI	WPI	CPI	WPI
	(Fiscal year data)
1995/96	169.2	176.9	10.8	11.1	10.3	10.5
1996/97	189.2	199.9	11.8	13.0	12.5	12.0
1997/98	204.0	213.1	7.8	6.6	6.5	5.3
1998/99	215.7	226.6	5.7	6.3	3.7	4.6
1999/00	223.4	230.6	3.6	1.8	5.1	3.4
	(Monthly data)
1998:1	199.1	208.9	10.7	10.2	5.7	3.9
1998:2	199.9	209.5	10.0	9.2	5.0	3.6
1998:3	201.1	210.5	9.6	8.6	7.3	5.7
1998:4	202.0	211.3	8.9	7.8	5.3	4.7
1998:5	202.9	212.2	8.3	7.1	5.6	4.8
1998:6	204.0	213.1	7.8	6.6	6.5	5.3
1998:7	205.1	214.2	7.4	6.2	6.7	6.2
1998:8	206.2	215.5	7.1	6.1	7.0	7.5
1998:9	207.3	216.7	6.8	6.0	6.4	7.0
1998:10	208.4	217.9	6.6	5.8	6.5	6.7
1998:11	209.5	219.1	6.4	5.7	6.2	7.0
1998:12	210.5	220.3	6.2	5.8	6.4	6.7
1999:1	211.6	221.6	6.3	6.1	6.2	7.3
1999:2	212.6	222.9	6.4	6.4	6.2	7.6
1999:3	213.5	224.0	6.2	6.4	4.8	6.1
1999:4	214.3	224.9	6.1	6.4	4.6	5.0
1999:5	215.0	225.8	6.0	6.4	4.3	4.7
1999:6	215.7	226.6	5.7	6.3	3.7	4.6
1999:7	216.3	227.2	5.5	6.1	3.5	3.5
1999:8	216.8	227.7	5.1	5.7	3.1	2.3
1999:9	217.4	228.2	4.9	5.3	3.4	2.9
1999:10	218.1	228.7	4.7	5.0	3.8	2.5
1999:11	218.7	228.7	4.4	4.4	3.4	0.2
1999:12	219.3	228.7	4.1	3.8	3.0	-0.1
2000:1	219.9	228.6	3.9	3.2	3.4	-0.4
2000:2	220.4	228.6	3.7	2.6	3.0	0.0
2000:3	221.1	229.0	3.6	2.2	3.6	1.9
2000:4	221.8	229.5	3.5	2.0	3.9	2.8
2000:5	222.5	230.0	3.5	1.9	3.8	2.4
2000:6	223.4	230.6	3.6	1.8	5.1	3.4

Source: Federal Bureau of Statistics.

Table 9.

Pakistan: Consumer and Wholesale Price Indices, 1995/96–1999/2000

(1990/91 = 100)

	Index (12-month average)		Twelve-month percent change ^1/		Year-on-year percent change ^2/
	CPI	WPI	CPI	WPI	CPI	WPI
	(Fiscal year data)
1995/96	169.2	176.9	10.8	11.1	10.3	10.5
1996/97	189.2	199.9	11.8	13.0	12.5	12.0
1997/98	204.0	213.1	7.8	6.6	6.5	5.3
1998/99	215.7	226.6	5.7	6.3	3.7	4.6
1999/00	223.4	230.6	3.6	1.8	5.1	3.4
	(Monthly data)
1998:1	199.1	208.9	10.7	10.2	5.7	3.9
1998:2	199.9	209.5	10.0	9.2	5.0	3.6
1998:3	201.1	210.5	9.6	8.6	7.3	5.7
1998:4	202.0	211.3	8.9	7.8	5.3	4.7
1998:5	202.9	212.2	8.3	7.1	5.6	4.8
1998:6	204.0	213.1	7.8	6.6	6.5	5.3
1998:7	205.1	214.2	7.4	6.2	6.7	6.2
1998:8	206.2	215.5	7.1	6.1	7.0	7.5
1998:9	207.3	216.7	6.8	6.0	6.4	7.0
1998:10	208.4	217.9	6.6	5.8	6.5	6.7
1998:11	209.5	219.1	6.4	5.7	6.2	7.0
1998:12	210.5	220.3	6.2	5.8	6.4	6.7
1999:1	211.6	221.6	6.3	6.1	6.2	7.3
1999:2	212.6	222.9	6.4	6.4	6.2	7.6
1999:3	213.5	224.0	6.2	6.4	4.8	6.1
1999:4	214.3	224.9	6.1	6.4	4.6	5.0
1999:5	215.0	225.8	6.0	6.4	4.3	4.7
1999:6	215.7	226.6	5.7	6.3	3.7	4.6
1999:7	216.3	227.2	5.5	6.1	3.5	3.5
1999:8	216.8	227.7	5.1	5.7	3.1	2.3
1999:9	217.4	228.2	4.9	5.3	3.4	2.9
1999:10	218.1	228.7	4.7	5.0	3.8	2.5
1999:11	218.7	228.7	4.4	4.4	3.4	0.2
1999:12	219.3	228.7	4.1	3.8	3.0	-0.1
2000:1	219.9	228.6	3.9	3.2	3.4	-0.4
2000:2	220.4	228.6	3.7	2.6	3.0	0.0
2000:3	221.1	229.0	3.6	2.2	3.6	1.9
2000:4	221.8	229.5	3.5	2.0	3.9	2.8
2000:5	222.5	230.0	3.5	1.9	3.8	2.4
2000:6	223.4	230.6	3.6	1.8	5.1	3.4

Source: Federal Bureau of Statistics.

Table 10.

Pakistan: Selected Commodity Prices, 1995/96–1999/2000

(In Pakistan rupees per 100 kilograms)

Sources: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs; and Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Cooperatives.

^{^1/}Usually announced in September/October.

^{^2/}Usually announced in March/April.

^{^3/}A government-decreed floor price.

^{^4/}Phutti yields about one-third lint cotton and two-thirds cotton seed by weight. Until 1997/98, the government announced floor prices for phutti, although there was no government procurement of phutti.

^{^5/}Minimum procurement prices.

Table 10.

Pakistan: Selected Commodity Prices, 1995/96–1999/2000

(In Pakistan rupees per 100 kilograms)

							Prel.
			1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
Wheat
	Government procurement prices ^1/		433	600	600	600	750
	Issue price to mills ^2/		485	650	650	650	800
	Free market retail price (Multan)		454	571	650	671	722
Rice
	Producer prices ^3/
		Basmati	555	638	775	825	875
		Irri-6 (Fair/Average)	280	322	382	437	463
		Irri-6 (Superior)	310	357	419
	Free market wholesale price
		Basmati (Rawalpindi)	1,580	2,097	2,127	2,482	2,475
		Irri-6 (Hyderabad)	676	779	837	903	979
Cotton
	Phutti (seed cotton), floor price ^4/
		NIAB-78,86 & CIM 109, etc.	1,000	1,250	1,437	n.a.	n.a
		Desi	850	1,100	1,125	n.a.	n.a
		Sarmast, Qalandri etc.	1,058	1,350	1,550	n.a.	n.a
Sugar
	Cane purchase price ^5/
		Sindh	54	61	90	90	90
		Punjab	54	60	87	87	87
		N.W.F.P.	54	60	87	87	87
	Free market average retail price		1,676	2,114	1,800	1,880	2,104
Edible oil
	Vegetable ghee retail price (Dalda)		3,938	4,217	5,200	6,297	6,596
Fertilizer
	Government retail price
		Diammonia phosphate (DAP)	958	1,100	1,127	1,259	1,274
		SOP	662	1,064	1,080	1,082	1,138

Sources: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs; and Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Cooperatives.

^{^1/}Usually announced in September/October.

^{^2/}Usually announced in March/April.

^{^3/}A government-decreed floor price.

^{^5/}Minimum procurement prices.

Table 10.

Pakistan: Selected Commodity Prices, 1995/96–1999/2000

(In Pakistan rupees per 100 kilograms)

							Prel.
			1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
Wheat
	Government procurement prices ^1/		433	600	600	600	750
	Issue price to mills ^2/		485	650	650	650	800
	Free market retail price (Multan)		454	571	650	671	722
Rice
	Producer prices ^3/
		Basmati	555	638	775	825	875
		Irri-6 (Fair/Average)	280	322	382	437	463
		Irri-6 (Superior)	310	357	419
	Free market wholesale price
		Basmati (Rawalpindi)	1,580	2,097	2,127	2,482	2,475
		Irri-6 (Hyderabad)	676	779	837	903	979
Cotton
	Phutti (seed cotton), floor price ^4/
		NIAB-78,86 & CIM 109, etc.	1,000	1,250	1,437	n.a.	n.a
		Desi	850	1,100	1,125	n.a.	n.a
		Sarmast, Qalandri etc.	1,058	1,350	1,550	n.a.	n.a
Sugar
	Cane purchase price ^5/
		Sindh	54	61	90	90	90
		Punjab	54	60	87	87	87
		N.W.F.P.	54	60	87	87	87
	Free market average retail price		1,676	2,114	1,800	1,880	2,104
Edible oil
	Vegetable ghee retail price (Dalda)		3,938	4,217	5,200	6,297	6,596
Fertilizer
	Government retail price
		Diammonia phosphate (DAP)	958	1,100	1,127	1,259	1,274
		SOP	662	1,064	1,080	1,082	1,138

Sources: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs; and Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Cooperatives.

^{^1/}Usually announced in September/October.

^{^2/}Usually announced in March/April.

^{^3/}A government-decreed floor price.

^{^5/}Minimum procurement prices.

Table 11.

Pakistan: Increases in Procurement Prices of Selected Agricultural Commodities, 1995/96–1999/2000

(Annual percentage changes)

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Cooperatives.

^{^1/}See ^{footnote 4} on Table 10.

Table 11.

Pakistan: Increases in Procurement Prices of Selected Agricultural Commodities, 1995/96–1999/2000

(Annual percentage changes)

						Prel.
		1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
Wheat		8.1	38.7	0.0	0.0	25.0
Rice (Paddy)
	Basmati (385)	5.3	15.0	21.4	6.5	6.1
	Irri-6 (fair/average quality	9.2	15.0	18.6	14.4	5.9
Seed Cotton (floor price) ^1/
	Desi	0.0	29.4	2.3	n.a.	n.a.
	B-557, 149-F, etc.	0.0	25.0	15.0	n.a.	n.a.
	Sarmast, MS-39 etc.	0.0	27.7	14.8	n.a.	n.a.
Sugarcane
	Sindh	4.8	12.6	46.9	0.0	0.0
	Punjab	4.9	11.6	45.8	0.0	0.0
	N.W.F.P.	4.9	11.6	45.8	0.0	0.0

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Cooperatives.

^{^1/}See ^{footnote 4} on Table 10.

Table 11.

Pakistan: Increases in Procurement Prices of Selected Agricultural Commodities, 1995/96–1999/2000

(Annual percentage changes)

						Prel.
		1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
Wheat		8.1	38.7	0.0	0.0	25.0
Rice (Paddy)
	Basmati (385)	5.3	15.0	21.4	6.5	6.1
	Irri-6 (fair/average quality	9.2	15.0	18.6	14.4	5.9
Seed Cotton (floor price) ^1/
	Desi	0.0	29.4	2.3	n.a.	n.a.
	B-557, 149-F, etc.	0.0	25.0	15.0	n.a.	n.a.
	Sarmast, MS-39 etc.	0.0	27.7	14.8	n.a.	n.a.
Sugarcane
	Sindh	4.8	12.6	46.9	0.0	0.0
	Punjab	4.9	11.6	45.8	0.0	0.0
	N.W.F.P.	4.9	11.6	45.8	0.0	0.0

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Cooperatives.

^{^1/}See ^{footnote 4} on Table 10.

Table 12.

Pakistan: Domestic Retail Prices of Selected Petroleum Products, 1995/96–1999/2000

(In Pakistan rupees per liter) ^1/

Source: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources.

^{^1/}Annual averages.

^{^2/}Pakistan rupees per metric ton.

Table 12.

Pakistan: Domestic Retail Prices of Selected Petroleum Products, 1995/96–1999/2000

(In Pakistan rupees per liter) ^1/

	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
Regular petrol	14.44	15.84	17.60	22.24	25.98
High-octane petrol	17.72	18.99	20.47	25.89	30.58
Kerosene	6.67	8.14	9.44	9.56	10.91
High speed diesel	6.92	8.35	9.66	9.78	11.49
Light diesel	5.32	6.56	7.79	7.87	9.28
Fuel oil ^2/	3,222	4,710	6,251	5,567	7,170

Source: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources.

^{^1/}Annual averages.

^{^2/}Pakistan rupees per metric ton.

Table 12.

Pakistan: Domestic Retail Prices of Selected Petroleum Products, 1995/96–1999/2000

(In Pakistan rupees per liter) ^1/

	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
Regular petrol	14.44	15.84	17.60	22.24	25.98
High-octane petrol	17.72	18.99	20.47	25.89	30.58
Kerosene	6.67	8.14	9.44	9.56	10.91
High speed diesel	6.92	8.35	9.66	9.78	11.49
Light diesel	5.32	6.56	7.79	7.87	9.28
Fuel oil ^2/	3,222	4,710	6,251	5,567	7,170

Source: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources.

^{^1/}Annual averages.

^{^2/}Pakistan rupees per metric ton.

Table 13.

Pakistan: Natural Gas Prices, 1995/96–1999/2000

(In Pakistan rupees per thousand cubic feet)

Sources: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}The weights used, based on the 1984/85 consumption pattern, are as follows: fertilizer industry, 0.148; other industries, 0.644; household use, 0.165 (with equal shares for the four classes of users); and commercial, 0.043.

Table 13.

Pakistan: Natural Gas Prices, 1995/96–1999/2000

(In Pakistan rupees per thousand cubic feet)

		6/14/95	5/16/96	1/1/97	16/8/1999
Fertilizer industry		27.90	29.57	34.01	34.01
Other industries		84.05	89.09	102.46	120.00
Household
	Up to 3.55 mcf/month	40.27	42.69	49.09	55.23
	From 3.55 to 7.1 mcf/month	47.89	50.76	50.75	65.58
	From 7.1 to 10.65 mcf/mont	65.38	69.50	69.30	89.66
	Above 10.65 mcf/month	78.45	83.16	83.16	107.58
Commercial		94.57	100.24	115.28	135.02
Memorandum item:
	Weighted price index ^1/	71.8	76.2	86.3	101.2

Sources: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources; and Fund staff estimates.

Table 13.

Pakistan: Natural Gas Prices, 1995/96–1999/2000

(In Pakistan rupees per thousand cubic feet)

		6/14/95	5/16/96	1/1/97	16/8/1999
Fertilizer industry		27.90	29.57	34.01	34.01
Other industries		84.05	89.09	102.46	120.00
Household
	Up to 3.55 mcf/month	40.27	42.69	49.09	55.23
	From 3.55 to 7.1 mcf/month	47.89	50.76	50.75	65.58
	From 7.1 to 10.65 mcf/mont	65.38	69.50	69.30	89.66
	Above 10.65 mcf/month	78.45	83.16	83.16	107.58
Commercial		94.57	100.24	115.28	135.02
Memorandum item:
	Weighted price index ^1/	71.8	76.2	86.3	101.2

Sources: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources; and Fund staff estimates.

Table 14.

Pakistan: Summary of Consolidated Federal and Provincial Budgetary Operations, 1993/94–1999/2000

Source: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs.

^{^1/}Includes certain current outlays under the public sector development program.

^{^2/}Foreign currency debt is valued at the end-of-period exchange rate.

Table 14.

Pakistan: Summary of Consolidated Federal and Provincial Budgetary Operations, 1993/94–1999/2000

										Prel.
				1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
				(In billions of Pakistan Rupees)
Total revenue				269.4	307.4	370.6	391.7	423.0	474.9	512.6
	Tax			213.4	256.3	318.4	326.3	349.0	388.8	405.6
		Of which: CBR Revenue		169.7	215.7	264.2	281.1	288.7	311.4	346.6
			Surcharges	35.8	31.3	42.6	31.2	46.3	61.9	38.9
	Nontax			56.0	51.1	52.2	65.4	74.0	86.1	107.0
Total expenditure				373.8	432.7	536.7	556.2	628.0	651.2	718.9
	Current			298.7	343.4	425.9	465.8	522.5	563.5	636.2
		Of which: Interest		94.0	96.4	131.0	157.7	196.3	213.3	245.1
			Defense	94.0	113.3	119.3	132.4	136.2	143.5	150.4
	Development and net lending ^1/			75.1	89.3	110.7	90.4	105.5	87.7	82.7
Budget balance				-104.4	-125.2	-166.1	-164.5	-205.0	-176.3	-206.3
Financing				104.4	125.2	166.1	164.5	205.0	176.3	206.3
	External			24.0	31.2	38.8	25.0	38.8	147.0	73.6
	Domestic			78.4	82.9	115.3	139.5	166.2	29.3	132.8
		Bank		23.1	36.4	51.7	72.5	48.0	-75.0	40.0
		Nonbank		55.3	46.5	63.6	67.1	118.1	104.3	92.8
	Privatization proceeds			2.0	11.1	12.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
				(In percent of GDP)
Total revenue				17.3	16.5	17.5	16.1	15.8	16.3	16.1
	Tax			13.7	13.7	15.0	13.4	13.0	13.3	12.7
		Of which: CBR Revenue		10.9	11.6	12.5	11.6	10.8	10.7	10.9
			Surcharges	2.3	1.7	2.0	1.3	1.7	2.1	1.2
	Nontax			3.6	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.8	3.0	3.4
Total expenditure				23.9	23.2	25.3	22.9	23.5	22.4	22.6
	Current			19.1	18.4	20.1	19.2	19.5	19.3	20.0
		Of which: Interest		6.0	5.2	6.2	6.5	7.3	7.3	7.7
			Defense	6.0	6.1	5.6	5.5	5.1	4.9	4.7
	Development and net lending ^1/			4.8	4.8	5.2	3.7	3.9	3.0	2.6
Budget deficit				-6.7	-6.7	-7.8	-6.8	-7.7	-6.1	-6.5
Memorandum items:
	Current balance			-0.7	-1.5	-1.7	-0.3	-0.3	1.3	1.2
	Primary balance			-1.9	-1.9	-2.6	-3.1	-3.7	-3.0	-3.9
	Government debt ^2/			93.5	86.3	86.3	87.5	89.4	91.9	91.6

Source: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs.

^{^1/}Includes certain current outlays under the public sector development program.

^{^2/}Foreign currency debt is valued at the end-of-period exchange rate.

Table 14.

Pakistan: Summary of Consolidated Federal and Provincial Budgetary Operations, 1993/94–1999/2000

										Prel.
				1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
				(In billions of Pakistan Rupees)
Total revenue				269.4	307.4	370.6	391.7	423.0	474.9	512.6
	Tax			213.4	256.3	318.4	326.3	349.0	388.8	405.6
		Of which: CBR Revenue		169.7	215.7	264.2	281.1	288.7	311.4	346.6
			Surcharges	35.8	31.3	42.6	31.2	46.3	61.9	38.9
	Nontax			56.0	51.1	52.2	65.4	74.0	86.1	107.0
Total expenditure				373.8	432.7	536.7	556.2	628.0	651.2	718.9
	Current			298.7	343.4	425.9	465.8	522.5	563.5	636.2
		Of which: Interest		94.0	96.4	131.0	157.7	196.3	213.3	245.1
			Defense	94.0	113.3	119.3	132.4	136.2	143.5	150.4
	Development and net lending ^1/			75.1	89.3	110.7	90.4	105.5	87.7	82.7
Budget balance				-104.4	-125.2	-166.1	-164.5	-205.0	-176.3	-206.3
Financing				104.4	125.2	166.1	164.5	205.0	176.3	206.3
	External			24.0	31.2	38.8	25.0	38.8	147.0	73.6
	Domestic			78.4	82.9	115.3	139.5	166.2	29.3	132.8
		Bank		23.1	36.4	51.7	72.5	48.0	-75.0	40.0
		Nonbank		55.3	46.5	63.6	67.1	118.1	104.3	92.8
	Privatization proceeds			2.0	11.1	12.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
				(In percent of GDP)
Total revenue				17.3	16.5	17.5	16.1	15.8	16.3	16.1
	Tax			13.7	13.7	15.0	13.4	13.0	13.3	12.7
		Of which: CBR Revenue		10.9	11.6	12.5	11.6	10.8	10.7	10.9
			Surcharges	2.3	1.7	2.0	1.3	1.7	2.1	1.2
	Nontax			3.6	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.8	3.0	3.4
Total expenditure				23.9	23.2	25.3	22.9	23.5	22.4	22.6
	Current			19.1	18.4	20.1	19.2	19.5	19.3	20.0
		Of which: Interest		6.0	5.2	6.2	6.5	7.3	7.3	7.7
			Defense	6.0	6.1	5.6	5.5	5.1	4.9	4.7
	Development and net lending ^1/			4.8	4.8	5.2	3.7	3.9	3.0	2.6
Budget deficit				-6.7	-6.7	-7.8	-6.8	-7.7	-6.1	-6.5
Memorandum items:
	Current balance			-0.7	-1.5	-1.7	-0.3	-0.3	1.3	1.2
	Primary balance			-1.9	-1.9	-2.6	-3.1	-3.7	-3.0	-3.9
	Government debt ^2/			93.5	86.3	86.3	87.5	89.4	91.9	91.6

Source: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs.

^{^1/}Includes certain current outlays under the public sector development program.

^{^2/}Foreign currency debt is valued at the end-of-period exchange rate.

Table 15.

Pakistan: Consolidated Federal and Provincial Revenue, 1993/94–1999/2000

Source: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs.

Table 15.

Pakistan: Consolidated Federal and Provincial Revenue, 1993/94–1999/2000

										Prel.
				1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
				(In millions of Pakistan rupees)
Tax revenue				213,432	256,335	318,383	326,277	348,961	388,788	405,609
	Taxes on income and profit			45,481	53,945	76,610	75,235	91,499	94,649	108,011
	Taxes on property			5,182	5,561	6,614	10,604	11,917	12,973	8,473
		Federal		3,411	3,482	4,222	6,996	7,723	8,812	4,597
		Provincial		1,771	2,079	2,392	3,608	4,194	4,161	3,876
	Taxes on goods and services			88,770	111,452	134,000	141,678	155,098	192,443	212,573
		Excise duty		26,560	37,721	43,749	52,982	59,706	61,836	56,964
			Federal	26,017	37,196	42,934	52,044	58,795	60,572	55,630
			Provincial	543	525	815	938	911	1,264	1,334
		Sales tax		26,433	42,402	47,649	57,477	49,046	68,680	116,697
		Surcharges		35,777	31,329	42,602	31,219	46,346	61,927	38,912
			Gas (net)	15,456	14,715	18,126	10,183	9,800	9,855	13,509
			Petroleum	20,321	16,614	24,476	21,036	36,546	52,072	25,403
	Taxes on international trade			68,374	78,630	92,752	89,342	81,644	78,654	61,638
	Other taxes			5,625	6,747	8,407	9,418	8,803	10,069	14,914
		Stamp duties		2,875	3,410	4,213	4,463	4,814	5,267	6,398
		Motor vehicles tax		1,246	1,623	1,667	1,931	2,113	2,362	2,803
		Foreign travel tax		…	…	…	…	…	…	1,350
		Other		1,504	1,714	2,527	3,024	1,876	2,440	4,363
Nontax revenue				55,958	51,098	52,196	65,401	74,046	86,113	110,146
		Interest		16,381	14,805	18,806	28,428	18,090	16,448	25,883
		Dividend		8,133	7,973	829	984	926	1,449	14,145
		SBP profits		5,000	15,000	14,000	11,000	18,000	8,000	30,000
		Transfers from PTC		0	0	5,341	1,300	6,840	8,104	3,186
		Other civil administration		5,295	5,202	6,215	7,615	7,767	6,226	3,186
		Miscellaneous		21,149	8,118	7,005	16,074	22,423	45,886	33,746
				(In percent of GDP)
Tax revenue				13.7	13.7	15.0	13.4	13.0	13.3	12.7
	Taxes on income and profit			2.9	2.9	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.4
	Taxes on property			0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
	Taxes on goods and services			5.7	6.0	6.3	5.8	5.8	6.6	6.7
		Excise duty		1.7	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1	1.8
		Sales tax		1.7	2.3	2.2	2.4	1.8	2.4	3.7
		Surcharges		2.3	1.7	2.0	1.3	1.7	2.1	1.2
	Taxes on international trade			4.4	4.2	4.4	3.7	3.0	2.7	1.9
	Other taxes			0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.5
Nontax revenue				3.6	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.8	3.0	3.5

Source: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs.

Table 15.

Pakistan: Consolidated Federal and Provincial Revenue, 1993/94–1999/2000

										Prel.
				1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
				(In millions of Pakistan rupees)
Tax revenue				213,432	256,335	318,383	326,277	348,961	388,788	405,609
	Taxes on income and profit			45,481	53,945	76,610	75,235	91,499	94,649	108,011
	Taxes on property			5,182	5,561	6,614	10,604	11,917	12,973	8,473
		Federal		3,411	3,482	4,222	6,996	7,723	8,812	4,597
		Provincial		1,771	2,079	2,392	3,608	4,194	4,161	3,876
	Taxes on goods and services			88,770	111,452	134,000	141,678	155,098	192,443	212,573
		Excise duty		26,560	37,721	43,749	52,982	59,706	61,836	56,964
			Federal	26,017	37,196	42,934	52,044	58,795	60,572	55,630
			Provincial	543	525	815	938	911	1,264	1,334
		Sales tax		26,433	42,402	47,649	57,477	49,046	68,680	116,697
		Surcharges		35,777	31,329	42,602	31,219	46,346	61,927	38,912
			Gas (net)	15,456	14,715	18,126	10,183	9,800	9,855	13,509
			Petroleum	20,321	16,614	24,476	21,036	36,546	52,072	25,403
	Taxes on international trade			68,374	78,630	92,752	89,342	81,644	78,654	61,638
	Other taxes			5,625	6,747	8,407	9,418	8,803	10,069	14,914
		Stamp duties		2,875	3,410	4,213	4,463	4,814	5,267	6,398
		Motor vehicles tax		1,246	1,623	1,667	1,931	2,113	2,362	2,803
		Foreign travel tax		…	…	…	…	…	…	1,350
		Other		1,504	1,714	2,527	3,024	1,876	2,440	4,363
Nontax revenue				55,958	51,098	52,196	65,401	74,046	86,113	110,146
		Interest		16,381	14,805	18,806	28,428	18,090	16,448	25,883
		Dividend		8,133	7,973	829	984	926	1,449	14,145
		SBP profits		5,000	15,000	14,000	11,000	18,000	8,000	30,000
		Transfers from PTC		0	0	5,341	1,300	6,840	8,104	3,186
		Other civil administration		5,295	5,202	6,215	7,615	7,767	6,226	3,186
		Miscellaneous		21,149	8,118	7,005	16,074	22,423	45,886	33,746
				(In percent of GDP)
Tax revenue				13.7	13.7	15.0	13.4	13.0	13.3	12.7
	Taxes on income and profit			2.9	2.9	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.4
	Taxes on property			0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
	Taxes on goods and services			5.7	6.0	6.3	5.8	5.8	6.6	6.7
		Excise duty		1.7	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1	1.8
		Sales tax		1.7	2.3	2.2	2.4	1.8	2.4	3.7
		Surcharges		2.3	1.7	2.0	1.3	1.7	2.1	1.2
	Taxes on international trade			4.4	4.2	4.4	3.7	3.0	2.7	1.9
	Other taxes			0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.5
Nontax revenue				3.6	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.8	3.0	3.5

Source: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs.

Table 16.

Pakistan: Consolidated Federal and Provincial Expenditure, 1993/94–1999/2000

Source: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs.

^{^1/}Includes payments of interest and principal on military debt; excludes military imports financed by external grants and disbursements.

Table 16.

Pakistan: Consolidated Federal and Provincial Expenditure, 1993/94–1999/2000

												Prel.
						1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
						(In millions of Pakistan rupees)
Total expenditure						373,809	432,658	536,686	556,223	628,003	651,185	718,917
	Current expenditure					298,741	343,387	425,941	465,833	522,515	563,503	636,220
		Federal				234,670	264,438	322,255	354,841	414,918	451,460	484,885
			Interest payments			94,028	96,409	130,997	157,749	196,251	213,259	245,078
				Domestic		74,386	75,045	104,508	126,737	167,513	175,273	198,417
				Foreign		19,642	21,364	26,489	31,012	28,738	37,986	46,661
			Defense ^1/			93,973	113,281	119,302	132,397	136,164	143,471	150,390
			General administration and services			33,099	41,947	44,946	45,016	47,539	46,907	47,525
			Grants to nongovernment			2,407	5,107	3,037	5,890	5,294	4,240	12,615
			Subsidies			4,183	3,736	7,720	9,225	6,267	9,533	14,748
		Errors and omissions				-4,838	-2,327	404	-6,472	13,819	18,941	4,606
			Other			11,818	6,285	15,849	11,036	9,584	15,109	9,923
		Provincial				64,071	78,949	103,686	110,992	107,597	112,043	151,335
		Errors and omissions				-3,405	-7,780	-5,242	2,685	-15,191	-10,350	2,830
			Other			67,476	86,729	108,928	108,307	122,788	122,393	148,505
	Development and net lending					75,068	89,271	110,745	90,390	105,488	87,682	82,697
		PSDP				81,167	93,489	118,148	93,169	105,210	108,994	95,589
		Net lending				-6,099	-4,218	-7,403	-2,779	278	-21,312	-12,892
						(In percent of GDP)
Total expenditure						23.9	23.2	25.3	22.9	23.5	22.4	22.6
	Current expenditure					19.1	18.4	20.1	19.2	19.5	19.3	20.0
		Federal				15.0	14.2	15.2	14.6	15.5	15.5	15.2
			Of which:
				Interest payments		6.0	5.2	6.2	6.5	7.3	7.3	7.7
					Domestic	4.8	4.0	4.9	5.2	6.3	6.0	6.2
					Foreign	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.5
				Defense ^1/		6.0	6.1	5.6	5.5	5.1	4.9	4.7
		Provincial				4.1	4.2	4.9	4.6	4.0	3.8	4.8
	Development and net lending					4.8	4.8	5.2	3.7	3.9	3.0	2.6

Source: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs.

^{^1/}Includes payments of interest and principal on military debt; excludes military imports financed by external grants and disbursements.

Table 16.

Pakistan: Consolidated Federal and Provincial Expenditure, 1993/94–1999/2000

											Prel.
					1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98	1998/99	1999/2000
					(In millions of Pakistan rupees)
Total expenditure					373,809	432,658	536,686	556,223	628,003	651,185	718,917
	Current expenditure				298,741	343,387	425,941	465,833	522,515	563,503	636,220
		Federal			234,670	264,438	322,255	354,841	414,918	451,460	484,885
			Interest payments		94,028	96,409	130,997	157,749	196,251	213,259	245,078
				Domestic	74,386	75,045	104,508	126,737	167,513	175,273	198,417
				Foreign	19,642	21,364	26,489	31,012	28,738	37,986	46,661
			Defense ^1/		93,973	113,281	119,302	132,397	136,164	143,471	150,390
			General administration and services		33,099	41,947	44,946	45,016	47,539	46,907	47,525

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STATISTICAL APPENDIX