Thailand: Statistical Appendix

International Monetary Fund

doi:10.5089/9781451836769.002.A001

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Thailand

Statistical Appendix

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International Monetary Fund

International Monetary Fund
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Publication Date:: 03 Mar 2000

eISBN:: 9781451836769

Language:: English

Keywords:: ISCR; CR; state enterprise; structural adjustment; net import; petroleum product; factor income; short-term debt

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This Statistical Appendix report on Thailand highlights the economic indicators for the period 1994–99. The report discusses gross domestic product; investment and savings; agricultural production; manufacturing production; construction and property market; population, labor force, and employment by major economic sectors; average earnings by manufacturing categories; consumer and wholesale prices; government fiscal and expenditure accounts; summary of local government operations; summary of tax system; assets and liabilities of commercial banks; stock market indicators; balance of payments; export performance; and so on.

Abstract

Table 1.

Thailand: Expenditure on Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices, 1994-97

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 1.

Thailand: Expenditure on Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices, 1994-97

				1994	1995	1996	1997
				(In billions of baht)
GDP				3,634.5	4,185.6	4,608.5	4,724.1
	Consumption			2,314.1	2,642.3	2,977.9	3,118.1
		Private		1,959.7	2,229.3	2,510.3	2,646.8
		Government		354.4	413.0	467.6	471.3
	Gross fixed investment			1,450.2	1,716.0	1,893.7	1,595.5
		Private		1,133.6	1,343.3	1,423.7	1,051.9
		Public		316.6	372.7	470.0	543.5
			Government	181.5	202.6	275.4	357.9
			State enterprises	135.0	170.1	194.6	185.6
	Change in stocks			10.0	17.7	28.0	-26.5
	Foreign balance			-175.8	-281.5	-289.3	65.7
		Exports of goods and services		1,408.7	1,749.3	1,807.3	2,265.9
		Imports of goods and services		1,584.5	2,030.8	2,096.6	2,200.2
	Statistical discrepancy			35.9	91.1	-1.8	-28.6
Net factor income from abroad				-55.8	-68.2	-102.1	-122.1
GNP				3,578.7	4,117.4	4,506.4	4,602.0
				(In percent of GDP)
GDP				100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
	Consumption			63.7	63.1	64.6	66.0
		Private		53.9	53.3	54.5	56.0
		Government		9.8	9.9	10.1	10.0
	Gross fixed investment			39.9	41.0	41.1	33.8
		Private		31.2	32.1	30.9	22.3
		Public		8.7	8.9	10.2	11.5
			Government	5.0	4.8	6.0	7.6
			State enterprises	3.7	4.1	4.2	3.9
	Change in stocks			0.3	0.4	0,6	-0.6
	Foreign balance			-4.9	-6.7	-6.3	1.4
		Exports of goods and services		38.8	41.8	39.2	48.0
		Imports of goods and services		43.6	48.5	45.5	46.6
	Statistical discrepancy			1.0	2.2	0.0	-0.6
Net factor income from abroad				-1.5	-1.6	-2.2	-2.6
GNP				98.5	98.4	97.8	97.4

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 1.

Thailand: Expenditure on Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices, 1994-97

				1994	1995	1996	1997
				(In billions of baht)
GDP				3,634.5	4,185.6	4,608.5	4,724.1
	Consumption			2,314.1	2,642.3	2,977.9	3,118.1
		Private		1,959.7	2,229.3	2,510.3	2,646.8
		Government		354.4	413.0	467.6	471.3
	Gross fixed investment			1,450.2	1,716.0	1,893.7	1,595.5
		Private		1,133.6	1,343.3	1,423.7	1,051.9
		Public		316.6	372.7	470.0	543.5
			Government	181.5	202.6	275.4	357.9
			State enterprises	135.0	170.1	194.6	185.6
	Change in stocks			10.0	17.7	28.0	-26.5
	Foreign balance			-175.8	-281.5	-289.3	65.7
		Exports of goods and services		1,408.7	1,749.3	1,807.3	2,265.9
		Imports of goods and services		1,584.5	2,030.8	2,096.6	2,200.2
	Statistical discrepancy			35.9	91.1	-1.8	-28.6
Net factor income from abroad				-55.8	-68.2	-102.1	-122.1
GNP				3,578.7	4,117.4	4,506.4	4,602.0
				(In percent of GDP)
GDP				100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
	Consumption			63.7	63.1	64.6	66.0
		Private		53.9	53.3	54.5	56.0
		Government		9.8	9.9	10.1	10.0
	Gross fixed investment			39.9	41.0	41.1	33.8
		Private		31.2	32.1	30.9	22.3
		Public		8.7	8.9	10.2	11.5
			Government	5.0	4.8	6.0	7.6
			State enterprises	3.7	4.1	4.2	3.9
	Change in stocks			0.3	0.4	0,6	-0.6
	Foreign balance			-4.9	-6.7	-6.3	1.4
		Exports of goods and services		38.8	41.8	39.2	48.0
		Imports of goods and services		43.6	48.5	45.5	46.6
	Statistical discrepancy			1.0	2.2	0.0	-0.6
Net factor income from abroad				-1.5	-1.6	-2.2	-2.6
GNP				98.5	98.4	97.8	97.4

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 2.

Thailand: Aggregate Demand and Supply at 1988 Prices, 1994-97

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 2.

Thailand: Aggregate Demand and Supply at 1988 Prices, 1994-97

				1994	1995	1996	1997
				(In billions of baht)
GDP				2,695.4	2,935.3	3,109.3	3,054.9
	Consumption			1,710.0	1,834.3	1,971.4	1,948.5
		Private		1,489.1	1,601.5	1,710.9	1,697.4
		Government		220.9	232.8	260.5	251.1
	Gross fixed investment			1,111.2	1,233.0	1,323.6	1,055.4
		Private		876.8	969.2	1,002.1	704.5
		Public		234.3	263.8	321.5	351.0
			Government	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
			State enterprises	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
	Change in stocks			9.6	19.8	14.7	-7.6
	Foreign balance			-87.3	-157.0	-225.5	62.1
		Exports of goods and services		1,197.7	1,383.3	1,306.7	1,415.5
		Imports of goods and services		1,284.9	1,540.2	1,532.2	1,353.4
	Statistical discrepancy			-48.1	5.2	25.1	-3.5
GDP				2,695.4	2,935.3	3,109.3	3,054.9
	Agriculture			308.0	317.0	328.3	325.9
	Nonagriculture			2,387.4	2,618.3	2,781.0	2,729.0
		Of which: Manufacturing		817.9	910.9	973.8	975.4
				(Percent change)
GDP				9.0	8.9	5.9	-1.8
	Consumption			7.9	7.3	7.5	-1.2
		Private		7.9	7.6	6.8	-0.8
		Government		8.2	5.4	11.9	-3.6
	Gross fixed investment			11.4	11.0	7.4	-20.3
		Private		8.8	10.5	3.4	-29.7
		Public		22.4	12.6	21.9	9.2
			Government	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
			State enterprises	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
	Exports of goods and services			14.2	15.5	-5.5	8.3
	Imports of goods and services			15.7	19.9	-0.5	-11.7
GDP				9.0	8.9	5.9	-1.8
	Agriculture			5.4	2.9	3.6	-0.7
	Nonagriculture			9.4	9.7	6.2	-1.9
		Of which: Manufacturing		9.4	11.4	6.9	0.2

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 2.

Thailand: Aggregate Demand and Supply at 1988 Prices, 1994-97

				1994	1995	1996	1997
				(In billions of baht)
GDP				2,695.4	2,935.3	3,109.3	3,054.9
	Consumption			1,710.0	1,834.3	1,971.4	1,948.5
		Private		1,489.1	1,601.5	1,710.9	1,697.4
		Government		220.9	232.8	260.5	251.1
	Gross fixed investment			1,111.2	1,233.0	1,323.6	1,055.4
		Private		876.8	969.2	1,002.1	704.5
		Public		234.3	263.8	321.5	351.0
			Government	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
			State enterprises	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
	Change in stocks			9.6	19.8	14.7	-7.6
	Foreign balance			-87.3	-157.0	-225.5	62.1
		Exports of goods and services		1,197.7	1,383.3	1,306.7	1,415.5
		Imports of goods and services		1,284.9	1,540.2	1,532.2	1,353.4
	Statistical discrepancy			-48.1	5.2	25.1	-3.5
GDP				2,695.4	2,935.3	3,109.3	3,054.9
	Agriculture			308.0	317.0	328.3	325.9
	Nonagriculture			2,387.4	2,618.3	2,781.0	2,729.0
		Of which: Manufacturing		817.9	910.9	973.8	975.4
				(Percent change)
GDP				9.0	8.9	5.9	-1.8
	Consumption			7.9	7.3	7.5	-1.2
		Private		7.9	7.6	6.8	-0.8
		Government		8.2	5.4	11.9	-3.6
	Gross fixed investment			11.4	11.0	7.4	-20.3
		Private		8.8	10.5	3.4	-29.7
		Public		22.4	12.6	21.9	9.2
			Government	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
			State enterprises	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
	Exports of goods and services			14.2	15.5	-5.5	8.3
	Imports of goods and services			15.7	19.9	-0.5	-11.7
GDP				9.0	8.9	5.9	-1.8
	Agriculture			5.4	2.9	3.6	-0.7
	Nonagriculture			9.4	9.7	6.2	-1.9
		Of which: Manufacturing		9.4	11.4	6.9	0.2

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 3.

Thailand: Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Prices, 1994-97

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 3.

Thailand: Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Prices, 1994-97

			1994	1995	1996	1997
			(In billions of baht)
GDP			3,634.5	4,185.6	4,608.5	4,724.1
	Agricultural		392.5	469.4	510.4	531.8
		Crops	208.8	263.2	292.6	303.9
		Livestock	35.7	42.5	43.9	42.1
		Fisheries	76.2	84.3	87.9	99.8
		Forestry	6.0	5.9	6.0	5.7
		Agricultural services	12.5	12.8	13.5	13.4
		Simple agricultural processing products	53.3	60.8	66.5	67.0
	Nonagricultural		3,242.0	3,716.2	4,098.1	4,192.3
		Mining and quarrying	48.667	50.113	62.387	86.457
		Manufacturing	1,017.5	1,179.6	1,298.8	1,333.3
		Construction	267.8	305.6	343.9	270.5
		Electricity and water supply	84.6	99.4	106.7	110.9
		Transportation and communications	269.7	304.4	341.7	366.3
		Trade	600.7	673.1	720.1	774.2
		Banking, insurance, and real estate	280.6	315.5	346.9	324.1
		Ownership of dwellings	88.8	99.3	109.3	121.7
		Public administration and defense	127.5	154.7	167.9	175.8
		Other services	456.1	534.5	600.5	629.1
			(In percent of GDP)
GDP			100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
	Agricultural		10.8	11.2	11.1	11.3
		Crops	5.7	6.3	6.3	6.4
		Livestock	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9
		Fisheries	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.1
		Forestry	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
		Agricultural services	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
		Simple agricultural processing products	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4
	Nonagricultural		89.2	88.8	88.9	88.7
		Mining and quarrying	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.8
		Manufacturing	28.0	28.2	28.2	28.2
		Construction	7.4	7.3	7.5	5.7
		Electricity and water supply	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3
		Transportation and communications	7.4	7.3	7.4	7.8
		Trade	16.5	16.1	15.6	16.4
		Banking, insurance, and real estate	7.7	7.5	7.5	6.9
		Ownership of dwellings	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.6
		Public administration and defense	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.7
		Other services	12.5	12.8	13.0	13.3

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 3.

Thailand: Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Prices, 1994-97

			1994	1995	1996	1997
			(In billions of baht)
GDP			3,634.5	4,185.6	4,608.5	4,724.1
	Agricultural		392.5	469.4	510.4	531.8
		Crops	208.8	263.2	292.6	303.9
		Livestock	35.7	42.5	43.9	42.1
		Fisheries	76.2	84.3	87.9	99.8
		Forestry	6.0	5.9	6.0	5.7
		Agricultural services	12.5	12.8	13.5	13.4
		Simple agricultural processing products	53.3	60.8	66.5	67.0
	Nonagricultural		3,242.0	3,716.2	4,098.1	4,192.3
		Mining and quarrying	48.667	50.113	62.387	86.457
		Manufacturing	1,017.5	1,179.6	1,298.8	1,333.3
		Construction	267.8	305.6	343.9	270.5
		Electricity and water supply	84.6	99.4	106.7	110.9
		Transportation and communications	269.7	304.4	341.7	366.3
		Trade	600.7	673.1	720.1	774.2
		Banking, insurance, and real estate	280.6	315.5	346.9	324.1
		Ownership of dwellings	88.8	99.3	109.3	121.7
		Public administration and defense	127.5	154.7	167.9	175.8
		Other services	456.1	534.5	600.5	629.1
			(In percent of GDP)
GDP			100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
	Agricultural		10.8	11.2	11.1	11.3
		Crops	5.7	6.3	6.3	6.4
		Livestock	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9
		Fisheries	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.1
		Forestry	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
		Agricultural services	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
		Simple agricultural processing products	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4
	Nonagricultural		89.2	88.8	88.9	88.7
		Mining and quarrying	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.8
		Manufacturing	28.0	28.2	28.2	28.2
		Construction	7.4	7.3	7.5	5.7
		Electricity and water supply	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3
		Transportation and communications	7.4	7.3	7.4	7.8
		Trade	16.5	16.1	15.6	16.4
		Banking, insurance, and real estate	7.7	7.5	7.5	6.9
		Ownership of dwellings	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.6
		Public administration and defense	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.7
		Other services	12.5	12.8	13.0	13.3

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 4.

Thailand: Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Constant 1988 Prices, 1994-97

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 4.

Thailand: Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Constant 1988 Prices, 1994-97

			1994	1995	1996	1997
			(In billions of 1988 baht)
GDP			2,695.4	2,935.3	3,109.3	3,054.9
	Agricultural		308.0	317.0	328.3	325.9
		Crops	175.7	184.7	196.0	197.6
		Livestock	31.4	31.7	32.3	32.1
		Fisheries	49.8	50.8	49.6	47.6
		Forestry	4.6	4.1	4.0	3.6
		Agricultural services	9.0	8.6	8.7	8.2
		Simple agricultural processing products	37.5	37.1	37.8	36.8
	Non agricultural		2,387.4	2,618.3	2,781.0	2,729.0
		Mining and quarrying	43.8	44.1	52.4	62.9
		Manufacturing	817.9	910.9	973.8	975.4
		Construction	172.0	185.0	198.4	145.7
		Electricity and water supply	68.9	79.0	82.8	87.5
		Transportation and communication	213.3	239.3	267.7	278.0
		Wholesale and retail trade	445.9	491.7	498.6	486.1
		Banking, insurance, and real estate	210.5	223.7	. 232.3	205.5
		Ownership of dwellings	73.7	78.6	84.1	88.0
		Public administration and defence	70.1	76.0	80.4	82.6
		Other services	271.2	290.0	310.4	317.2
Net factor income from abroad			-38.2	-41.0	-58.3	-63.5
GNP			2,657.2	2,894.4	3,051.0	2,991.4
Per capita GNP (thousand baht)			45.3	48.7	50.8	49.4
GDP deflator			134.8	142.6	148.2	154.6

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 4.

Thailand: Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Constant 1988 Prices, 1994-97

			1994	1995	1996	1997
			(In billions of 1988 baht)
GDP			2,695.4	2,935.3	3,109.3	3,054.9
	Agricultural		308.0	317.0	328.3	325.9
		Crops	175.7	184.7	196.0	197.6
		Livestock	31.4	31.7	32.3	32.1
		Fisheries	49.8	50.8	49.6	47.6
		Forestry	4.6	4.1	4.0	3.6
		Agricultural services	9.0	8.6	8.7	8.2
		Simple agricultural processing products	37.5	37.1	37.8	36.8
	Non agricultural		2,387.4	2,618.3	2,781.0	2,729.0
		Mining and quarrying	43.8	44.1	52.4	62.9
		Manufacturing	817.9	910.9	973.8	975.4
		Construction	172.0	185.0	198.4	145.7
		Electricity and water supply	68.9	79.0	82.8	87.5
		Transportation and communication	213.3	239.3	267.7	278.0
		Wholesale and retail trade	445.9	491.7	498.6	486.1
		Banking, insurance, and real estate	210.5	223.7	. 232.3	205.5
		Ownership of dwellings	73.7	78.6	84.1	88.0
		Public administration and defence	70.1	76.0	80.4	82.6
		Other services	271.2	290.0	310.4	317.2
Net factor income from abroad			-38.2	-41.0	-58.3	-63.5
GNP			2,657.2	2,894.4	3,051.0	2,991.4
Per capita GNP (thousand baht)			45.3	48.7	50.8	49.4
GDP deflator			134.8	142.6	148.2	154.6

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 5.

Thailand: Investment and Saving at Current Prices, 1994-97

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding statistical discrepancy.

Table 5.

Thailand: Investment and Saving at Current Prices, 1994-97

					1994	1995	1996	1997
Gross domestic investment					1,460.2	1,733.7	1,921.7	1,569.0
	Private sector				1,133.6	1,343.3	1,423.7	1,051-9
	Public sector				316.6	372.7	470.0	543.5
		Government			181.5	202.6	275.4	357.9
		State enterprises			135.0	170.1	194.6	185.6
	Change in inventories				10.0	17.7	28.0	-26.5
Financing					1,460.2	1,733.7	1,921.7	1,569.0
	Gross national savings ^1/				1,294.2	1,488.9	1,548.6	1,501.8
		Net national savings			898.2	1,019.7	995.0	870.8
			Private sector (net)		510.4	571.2	496.9	377.2
				Households	263.3	314.1	246.7	243.6
				Businesses Net Savings	247.1	257.1	250.3	133.6
			Public sector (net)		387.8	448.5	498.1	493.6
				Government Net Savings	328.6	383.3	435.8	422.7
				State enterprise Net Savings	59.2	65.2	62.3	70.9
	Statistical discrepancy				35.9	91.1	-1.8	-28.6
	Foreign savings				202.0	336.0	371.3	38.6
	Depreciation allowance				396.0	469.2	553.6	631.0
					(In percent of GDP)
	Gross domestic investment				40.2	41.4	41.8	32.5
		Private sector			31.2	32.1	31.0	21.8
		Public sector			8.7	8.9	10.2	11.3
			Government		5.0	4.8	6.0	7.4
			State enterprises		3.7	4.1	4.2	3.8
		Change in inventories			0.3	0.4	0.6	-0.5
Financing					40.2	41.4	41.8	32.5
	Gross national savings ^1/				35.6	35.5	33.7	31.1
		Net national savings			24.7	24.3	21.6	18.0
			Private sector (net)		14.1	13.6	10.8	7.8
				Households	7.3	7.5	5.4	5.0
				Businesses Net Savings	6.8	6.1	5.4	2.8
			Public sector (net)		10.7	10.7	10.8	10.2
				Government Net Savings	9.0	9.1	9.5	8.8
				State enterprise Net Savings	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.5
	Statistical discrepancy				1.0	2.2	0.0	-0.6
	Foreign savings				5.6	8.0	8.1	0.8
	Depreciation allowance				10.9	11.2	12.0	13.1
Memorandum item:
	GDP				3,630.8	4,188.9	4,598.3	4,827.2

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding statistical discrepancy.

Table 5.

Thailand: Investment and Saving at Current Prices, 1994-97

					1994	1995	1996	1997
Gross domestic investment					1,460.2	1,733.7	1,921.7	1,569.0
	Private sector				1,133.6	1,343.3	1,423.7	1,051-9
	Public sector				316.6	372.7	470.0	543.5
		Government			181.5	202.6	275.4	357.9
		State enterprises			135.0	170.1	194.6	185.6
	Change in inventories				10.0	17.7	28.0	-26.5
Financing					1,460.2	1,733.7	1,921.7	1,569.0
	Gross national savings ^1/				1,294.2	1,488.9	1,548.6	1,501.8
		Net national savings			898.2	1,019.7	995.0	870.8
			Private sector (net)		510.4	571.2	496.9	377.2
				Households	263.3	314.1	246.7	243.6
				Businesses Net Savings	247.1	257.1	250.3	133.6
			Public sector (net)		387.8	448.5	498.1	493.6
				Government Net Savings	328.6	383.3	435.8	422.7
				State enterprise Net Savings	59.2	65.2	62.3	70.9
	Statistical discrepancy				35.9	91.1	-1.8	-28.6
	Foreign savings				202.0	336.0	371.3	38.6
	Depreciation allowance				396.0	469.2	553.6	631.0
					(In percent of GDP)
	Gross domestic investment				40.2	41.4	41.8	32.5
		Private sector			31.2	32.1	31.0	21.8
		Public sector			8.7	8.9	10.2	11.3
			Government		5.0	4.8	6.0	7.4
			State enterprises		3.7	4.1	4.2	3.8
		Change in inventories			0.3	0.4	0.6	-0.5
Financing					40.2	41.4	41.8	32.5
	Gross national savings ^1/				35.6	35.5	33.7	31.1
		Net national savings			24.7	24.3	21.6	18.0
			Private sector (net)		14.1	13.6	10.8	7.8
				Households	7.3	7.5	5.4	5.0
				Businesses Net Savings	6.8	6.1	5.4	2.8
			Public sector (net)		10.7	10.7	10.8	10.2
				Government Net Savings	9.0	9.1	9.5	8.8
				State enterprise Net Savings	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.5
	Statistical discrepancy				1.0	2.2	0.0	-0.6
	Foreign savings				5.6	8.0	8.1	0.8
	Depreciation allowance				10.9	11.2	12.0	13.1
Memorandum item:
	GDP				3,630.8	4,188.9	4,598.3	4,827.2

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding statistical discrepancy.

Table 6.

Thailand: Gross Domestic Product at 1988 Prices

Source: NESDB.

Table 6.

Thailand: Gross Domestic Product at 1988 Prices

		Agriculture	Non-agriculture	Manufacturing	Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Vehicles and Personal and Household Goods	Transport, storage and communication	Real estate, renting, and business activities	Public administration and defence; compulsory social security	Other	Gross domestic product
	(Pereent change from year earlier)
1994
	Q1	0.6	12.6	13.2	16.0	10.0	8.6	76	11.7	11.3
	Q2	-5.3	10.5	10.2	11.2	10.1	6.9	4.9	11.8	9.2
	Q3	4.5	5.1	7.3	-1.7	10.8	5.1	79	5.5	5.1
	Q4	13.9	9.8	7.1	13.3	14.7	7.2	-8.8	11.6	10.3
1995
	Q1	4.8	8.4	7.9	8.0	13.0	5.4	8.9	8.3	8.0
	Q2	10.1	11.0	12.2	155	11.1	2.9	5.2	8.3	10.9
	Q3	1.5	102	13.4	12.5	7.9	60	3.6	7.0	9.5
	Q4	0.4	8.5	99	5.5	16.6	2.0	16.7	6.7	7.4
1996
	Q1	5.0	5.6	8.1	2.9	9.1	-1.2	1.8	48	5.6
	Q2	4.4	7.2	7.2	6.2	14.1	6.8	6.9	5.8	7.0
	Q3	5.8	8.1	70	2.7	21.1	4.3	6.6	9.9	7.9
	Q4	1.5	3.7	4.6	-4.3	4.3	4.5	8.5	7.4	3.5
1997p
	Q1	-1.5	1.4	5.3	-0.7	5.5	6.6	1.1	-4.2	1.1
	Q2	-0.8	-1.7	1.4	-4.1	2.0	-0.4	2.8	-5.7	-1.6
	Q3	-2.5	-1.9	-1.5	-2.4	5.1	-2.9	1.9	-4.6	-2.0
	Q4	1.6	-5.2	-5.0	-1.2	2.9	-4.0	5.4	-11.9	-4.4
1998p1
	Q1	-0.5	-9.1	-11.0	-5.0	3.3	-1.3	6.7	-16.5	-8.2
	Q2	-3.4	-13.1	-12.9	-10.3	-7.9	-1.3	7.1	-20.8	-12.3
	Q3	0.2	-14.7	-12.4	-7.3	-6.1	-1.2	10.3	-29.7	-13.6
	Q4	2.7	-7.2	-1.4	-2.5	4.0	-5.7	11.7	-24.6	-5.8
1999p1
	Q1	3.8	0.4	5.4	3.1	3.3	-10.5	3.1	-9.0	0.8
	Q2	1.3	3.7	7.7	5.0	5.8	-9.9	32.5	-5.5	3.5

Source: NESDB.

Table 6.

Thailand: Gross Domestic Product at 1988 Prices

		Agriculture	Non-agriculture	Manufacturing	Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Vehicles and Personal and Household Goods	Transport, storage and communication	Real estate, renting, and business activities	Public administration and defence; compulsory social security	Other	Gross domestic product
	(Pereent change from year earlier)
1994
	Q1	0.6	12.6	13.2	16.0	10.0	8.6	76	11.7	11.3
	Q2	-5.3	10.5	10.2	11.2	10.1	6.9	4.9	11.8	9.2
	Q3	4.5	5.1	7.3	-1.7	10.8	5.1	79	5.5	5.1
	Q4	13.9	9.8	7.1	13.3	14.7	7.2	-8.8	11.6	10.3
1995
	Q1	4.8	8.4	7.9	8.0	13.0	5.4	8.9	8.3	8.0
	Q2	10.1	11.0	12.2	155	11.1	2.9	5.2	8.3	10.9
	Q3	1.5	102	13.4	12.5	7.9	60	3.6	7.0	9.5
	Q4	0.4	8.5	99	5.5	16.6	2.0	16.7	6.7	7.4
1996
	Q1	5.0	5.6	8.1	2.9	9.1	-1.2	1.8	48	5.6
	Q2	4.4	7.2	7.2	6.2	14.1	6.8	6.9	5.8	7.0
	Q3	5.8	8.1	70	2.7	21.1	4.3	6.6	9.9	7.9
	Q4	1.5	3.7	4.6	-4.3	4.3	4.5	8.5	7.4	3.5
1997p
	Q1	-1.5	1.4	5.3	-0.7	5.5	6.6	1.1	-4.2	1.1
	Q2	-0.8	-1.7	1.4	-4.1	2.0	-0.4	2.8	-5.7	-1.6
	Q3	-2.5	-1.9	-1.5	-2.4	5.1	-2.9	1.9	-4.6	-2.0
	Q4	1.6	-5.2	-5.0	-1.2	2.9	-4.0	5.4	-11.9	-4.4
1998p1
	Q1	-0.5	-9.1	-11.0	-5.0	3.3	-1.3	6.7	-16.5	-8.2
	Q2	-3.4	-13.1	-12.9	-10.3	-7.9	-1.3	7.1	-20.8	-12.3
	Q3	0.2	-14.7	-12.4	-7.3	-6.1	-1.2	10.3	-29.7	-13.6
	Q4	2.7	-7.2	-1.4	-2.5	4.0	-5.7	11.7	-24.6	-5.8
1999p1
	Q1	3.8	0.4	5.4	3.1	3.3	-10.5	3.1	-9.0	0.8
	Q2	1.3	3.7	7.7	5.0	5.8	-9.9	32.5	-5.5	3.5

Source: NESDB.

Table 7.

Thailand: Gross Domestic Product at 1988 Prices

(Seasonally Adjusted, percent change from previous quarter)

Source NESDB

Table 7.

Thailand: Gross Domestic Product at 1988 Prices

(Seasonally Adjusted, percent change from previous quarter)

		Total	Agriculture	Non-agriculture	Manufacturing	Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Vehicles and Personal and Household Goods	Transport, storage, and communication	Real estate, renting, and business activities	Public administration and defence; compulsory social security	Other
	(Percent change from previous quarter)
1993
	Q1
	Q2	2.3	1.3	2.4	2.7	1.8	2-.9	2.4	2.2	2.2
	Q3	5.4	-2.0	6.3	3.8	16.2	1.6	2.1	0.9	5.6
	Q4	-0.7	-5.7	-0.1	4.2	-6.0	0.9	1.5	4.5	-2.1
1994
	Q1	4.1	7-6	3.8	2.0	4.6	4.4	2.4	-0.2	5.9
	Q2	-0-2	-5.3	0.4	-0.1	-2.8	3.2	07	-0.3	2.3
	Q3	1.6	7.9	0.9	1.0	2.7	1.6	04	3.8	-0.8
	Q4	4.4	3.4	4.5	4.1	8.7	45	3.6	-11.9	4.0
1995
	Q1	2.3	-0.8	2.7	2.8	-0.3	3.6	0.6	19.7	3.0
	Q2	2.4	0.1	2.6	39	3.4	1.6	-1.8	-3.8	2.3
	Q3	-0.2	-0.8	-0.1	1.8	0.2	-2.7	3.4	2.1	-2.6
	Q4	2.9	1.9	3.1	1.2	2.2	13.6	-0.1	-1.0	3.7
1996
	Q1	0.5	3.6	0.2	1.1	-2.6	-2.6	-2.6	5.2	1-8
	Q2	3.8	0.2	4-1	3.1	6.1	70	59	0.3	3.4
	Q3	0.3	0.8	0.2	1.3	-3.0	1.3	1.1	2.0	0.3
	Q4	-1.0	-3.2	-0.8	-0.9	-4.3	-1.6	0.5	0.4	1.6
!997p	Q1	-1.8	0.6	-2.0	1.7	0-9	-1.0	-0.7	-1.1	-8.9
	Q2	1.2	1.6	1.2	-0.5	2.1	4.7	-1.4	1.5	1.9
	Q3	-0.5	-1.0	-0.5	-1.9	-1.3	2.3	-1.4	1.2	0.9
	Q4	-3.6	0.3	-4.0	-4.1	-2.7	-3.1	-0.2	3.5	-6.4
1998pl	Q1	-5.6	-1.6	-6.1	-4.9	-3.1	-0-7	1.9	1.0	-13.6
	Q2	-2.7	-0.8	-2.9	-2.4	-3.7	-5.4	-1.6	1.0	-2.8
	Q3	-2.0	2.3	-2.5	-1.7	1.9	2.9	-1.3	4.5	-10.6
	Q4	4.5	3.4	4.6	8.2	2.7	7.3	-4.6	4.5	1.1
1999pl	Q1	0.9	-1.2	1.1	1.4	2.1	-1.1	-3.4	-6.3	3.1
	Q2	0.4	-2.6	0.8	0.0	-1.7	-2.4	-1.0	29.3	1.7

Source NESDB

Table 7.

Thailand: Gross Domestic Product at 1988 Prices

(Seasonally Adjusted, percent change from previous quarter)

		Total	Agriculture	Non-agriculture	Manufacturing	Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Vehicles and Personal and Household Goods	Transport, storage, and communication	Real estate, renting, and business activities	Public administration and defence; compulsory social security	Other
	(Percent change from previous quarter)
1993
	Q1
	Q2	2.3	1.3	2.4	2.7	1.8	2-.9	2.4	2.2	2.2
	Q3	5.4	-2.0	6.3	3.8	16.2	1.6	2.1	0.9	5.6
	Q4	-0.7	-5.7	-0.1	4.2	-6.0	0.9	1.5	4.5	-2.1
1994
	Q1	4.1	7-6	3.8	2.0	4.6	4.4	2.4	-0.2	5.9
	Q2	-0-2	-5.3	0.4	-0.1	-2.8	3.2	07	-0.3	2.3
	Q3	1.6	7.9	0.9	1.0	2.7	1.6	04	3.8	-0.8
	Q4	4.4	3.4	4.5	4.1	8.7	45	3.6	-11.9	4.0
1995
	Q1	2.3	-0.8	2.7	2.8	-0.3	3.6	0.6	19.7	3.0
	Q2	2.4	0.1	2.6	39	3.4	1.6	-1.8	-3.8	2.3
	Q3	-0.2	-0.8	-0.1	1.8	0.2	-2.7	3.4	2.1	-2.6
	Q4	2.9	1.9	3.1	1.2	2.2	13.6	-0.1	-1.0	3.7
1996
	Q1	0.5	3.6	0.2	1.1	-2.6	-2.6	-2.6	5.2	1-8
	Q2	3.8	0.2	4-1	3.1	6.1	70	59	0.3	3.4
	Q3	0.3	0.8	0.2	1.3	-3.0	1.3	1.1	2.0	0.3
	Q4	-1.0	-3.2	-0.8	-0.9	-4.3	-1.6	0.5	0.4	1.6
!997p	Q1	-1.8	0.6	-2.0	1.7	0-9	-1.0	-0.7	-1.1	-8.9
	Q2	1.2	1.6	1.2	-0.5	2.1	4.7	-1.4	1.5	1.9
	Q3	-0.5	-1.0	-0.5	-1.9	-1.3	2.3	-1.4	1.2	0.9
	Q4	-3.6	0.3	-4.0	-4.1	-2.7	-3.1	-0.2	3.5	-6.4
1998pl	Q1	-5.6	-1.6	-6.1	-4.9	-3.1	-0-7	1.9	1.0	-13.6
	Q2	-2.7	-0.8	-2.9	-2.4	-3.7	-5.4	-1.6	1.0	-2.8
	Q3	-2.0	2.3	-2.5	-1.7	1.9	2.9	-1.3	4.5	-10.6
	Q4	4.5	3.4	4.6	8.2	2.7	7.3	-4.6	4.5	1.1
1999pl	Q1	0.9	-1.2	1.1	1.4	2.1	-1.1	-3.4	-6.3	3.1
	Q2	0.4	-2.6	0.8	0.0	-1.7	-2.4	-1.0	29.3	1.7

Source NESDB

Table 8.

Thailand: Manufacturing Production, 1994-99

Source: Data provided by Bank of Thailand.

^{^1/}Comprising 45 items, which embody 62.4 % of overall production of the manufacturing sector.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 8.

Thailand: Manufacturing Production, 1994-99

			Weights ^1/	1996	1997	1998	Est. 1999 ^2/
			(Percent change from year earlier)
Total			100.00	6.9	0.2	-9.1	5,1
	Food		6.02	1.8	2.2	-5.6	20.9
		Rice mill	0.81	6.2	4,7	0.7	-0.1
		Sugar	1.49	17.0	1.7	-36.6	51.2
		Milk and dairy products	0-20	6.5	25.7	3.5	10.1
		Canned pineapple	0.46	-9.7	-19.4	-19.0	86.6
		Canned seafood	1.23	-9.2	6.5	8.5	9.3
		Frozen seafood	1.83	-2.8	1.1	13.6	2.3
	Beverage		6.61	4.2	14.1	2.1	20.7
		Liquor	3.10	-5.2	14.4	-0.1	53.1
		Beer	2.43	17.3	15.2	11.8	5.9
		Soft drinks	0.59	9.3	-3.1	-11.4	-20.3
		Electrolyte beverage	0.03	30.0	14.3	-16.7	-28.5
		Energy drink	0.41	-12.7	33.9	-28.9	-2.1
		Soy milk	0.05	15.1	13.0	2.9	-0.2
	Tobacco		1.85	12.0	-9.9	-20.3	-11.2
	Textiles		14.23	0.5	1,8	2.9	-1.8
		Jute products	0.03	-18.8	-36.4	-34.8	-25.8
		Synthetic fiber	0.71	-3.5	5.7	27.5	-2.7
		Spinning	1.75	2.1	1.8	3.1	-0.1
		Weaving	2.78	-3.2	1.9	1.2	-1,1
		Knitting	0.86	1.4	1.6	1.4	0,5
		Garment	8.10	1.7	1.5	1.5	-2.5
	Petroleum products		7.19	32.3	15.9	-6.4	3.4
	Construction materials		2.55	13.8	-3.2	-38.3	6.9
		Cement	2.39	13.8	-4.2	-38.8	5.9
		Clinker	0.16	13.2	11.4	-32.7	18.9
	Iron & Steet Products		2.06	6.5	-2.5	-30.5	4.1
		Steel Bar & Shape Steel	0.77	5.2	1.5	-33.8	-20.4
		Galvanized iron sheet	0.27	4.7	-0.1	-34.8	10.3
		P.C. Wire&P.C. Stand Wire	0.14	2.3	-7.9	-37.9	-12.5
		Wire Rod	0.21	14.4	22.6	-40.6	2.2
		Steel Pipe	0.44	10.1	-15.5	-35.5	-0.7
		Hot & Cold - rolled Sheet	0.23	1.1	-15.2	19.6	86.7
	Transportation equipment		10.24	4.5	-26.5	-54.1	61.6
		Passenger cars	4.22	8.9	-19.2	-71.4	95.4
		Commercial Cars		5.6	-41.0
		Commercial cars	3.65	5.6	-41.0	-49.2	114.2
		Motorcycles	1.33	-12.9	-25.1	-46.8	-0.7
		Tires	0.66	4.1	-8.7	-5.9	10.3
		Battery	0.38	5.5	-5.0	-10.1	15.2
	Other product		49.25	6.0	1.0	-5.5	-0.1

Source: Data provided by Bank of Thailand.

^{^1/}Comprising 45 items, which embody 62.4 % of overall production of the manufacturing sector.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 8.

Thailand: Manufacturing Production, 1994-99

			Weights ^1/	1996	1997	1998	Est. 1999 ^2/
			(Percent change from year earlier)
Total			100.00	6.9	0.2	-9.1	5,1
	Food		6.02	1.8	2.2	-5.6	20.9
		Rice mill	0.81	6.2	4,7	0.7	-0.1
		Sugar	1.49	17.0	1.7	-36.6	51.2
		Milk and dairy products	0-20	6.5	25.7	3.5	10.1
		Canned pineapple	0.46	-9.7	-19.4	-19.0	86.6
		Canned seafood	1.23	-9.2	6.5	8.5	9.3
		Frozen seafood	1.83	-2.8	1.1	13.6	2.3
	Beverage		6.61	4.2	14.1	2.1	20.7
		Liquor	3.10	-5.2	14.4	-0.1	53.1
		Beer	2.43	17.3	15.2	11.8	5.9
		Soft drinks	0.59	9.3	-3.1	-11.4	-20.3
		Electrolyte beverage	0.03	30.0	14.3	-16.7	-28.5
		Energy drink	0.41	-12.7	33.9	-28.9	-2.1
		Soy milk	0.05	15.1	13.0	2.9	-0.2
	Tobacco		1.85	12.0	-9.9	-20.3	-11.2
	Textiles		14.23	0.5	1,8	2.9	-1.8
		Jute products	0.03	-18.8	-36.4	-34.8	-25.8
		Synthetic fiber	0.71	-3.5	5.7	27.5	-2.7
		Spinning	1.75	2.1	1.8	3.1	-0.1
		Weaving	2.78	-3.2	1.9	1.2	-1,1
		Knitting	0.86	1.4	1.6	1.4	0,5
		Garment	8.10	1.7	1.5	1.5	-2.5
	Petroleum products		7.19	32.3	15.9	-6.4	3.4
	Construction materials		2.55	13.8	-3.2	-38.3	6.9
		Cement	2.39	13.8	-4.2	-38.8	5.9
		Clinker	0.16	13.2	11.4	-32.7	18.9
	Iron & Steet Products		2.06	6.5	-2.5	-30.5	4.1
		Steel Bar & Shape Steel	0.77	5.2	1.5	-33.8	-20.4
		Galvanized iron sheet	0.27	4.7	-0.1	-34.8	10.3
		P.C. Wire&P.C. Stand Wire	0.14	2.3	-7.9	-37.9	-12.5
		Wire Rod	0.21	14.4	22.6	-40.6	2.2
		Steel Pipe	0.44	10.1	-15.5	-35.5	-0.7
		Hot & Cold - rolled Sheet	0.23	1.1	-15.2	19.6	86.7
	Transportation equipment		10.24	4.5	-26.5	-54.1	61.6
		Passenger cars	4.22	8.9	-19.2	-71.4	95.4
		Commercial Cars		5.6	-41.0
		Commercial cars	3.65	5.6	-41.0	-49.2	114.2
		Motorcycles	1.33	-12.9	-25.1	-46.8	-0.7
		Tires	0.66	4.1	-8.7	-5.9	10.3
		Battery	0.38	5.5	-5.0	-10.1	15.2
	Other product		49.25	6.0	1.0	-5.5	-0.1

Source: Data provided by Bank of Thailand.

^{^1/}Comprising 45 items, which embody 62.4 % of overall production of the manufacturing sector.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 9.

Thailand: Selected Manufacturing Industries, Production and Capacity Utilization, 1994-99

Source: Data provided by Bank of Thailand.

^{^1/}1995=100. Covers about 62.4 percent of total manufacturing sector.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 9.

Thailand: Selected Manufacturing Industries, Production and Capacity Utilization, 1994-99

		Production						Ratio of Actual Output to Capacity Output in Percent
		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Manufacturing production index ^1/		…	100.0	106.9	107.1	97.4	103.6	74.9	77.4	72.4	65.5	52.1	57.2
	Synthetic fiber (thousand metric tons)	468	541	522	565	703	336	95.6	90.1	84.7	69.3	76.6	73.5
	Sugar (thousand metric tons)	3,974	5,202	6,087	6,188	3,922	5,111	27.3	31.8	28.8	30.1	19.9	47.9
	Cement (thousand metric tons)	29,929	34,051	38,749	37,115	22,722	12.967	92.5	96.7	76.7	72.9	44.6	50.9
	Galvanized iron sheets (thousand metric tons)	307	370	387	387	252	155	55.4	66.7	69.8	69.7	45.3	51.7
	Paper (thousand metric tons)	1,677	1,844	2,057	2,317	2,673	1,440	90.2	82.1	78.0	79.9	92.2	99.3
	Major petroleum products (million liters)	23,947	27,726	36,677	42,906	40,555	21,275	100.0	93.2	85.7	90.1	84.0	88.1
	Beer (million liters)	523	647	759	874	977	497	75.4	69.8	77.7	69.8	65.6	66.7
	Integrated circuits (million pieces)	2,291	3,143	3,330	4,009	3,929	2,263	88.1	74.8	79.3	95.5	73.7	84.9
	Tin metal (thousand metric tons)	8	8	11	12	15	8	18.0	28.1	36.6	41.0	51.7	54.1

Source: Data provided by Bank of Thailand.

^{^1/}1995=100. Covers about 62.4 percent of total manufacturing sector.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 9.

Thailand: Selected Manufacturing Industries, Production and Capacity Utilization, 1994-99

		Production						Ratio of Actual Output to Capacity Output in Percent
		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Manufacturing production index ^1/		…	100.0	106.9	107.1	97.4	103.6	74.9	77.4	72.4	65.5	52.1	57.2
	Synthetic fiber (thousand metric tons)	468	541	522	565	703	336	95.6	90.1	84.7	69.3	76.6	73.5
	Sugar (thousand metric tons)	3,974	5,202	6,087	6,188	3,922	5,111	27.3	31.8	28.8	30.1	19.9	47.9
	Cement (thousand metric tons)	29,929	34,051	38,749	37,115	22,722	12.967	92.5	96.7	76.7	72.9	44.6	50.9
	Galvanized iron sheets (thousand metric tons)	307	370	387	387	252	155	55.4	66.7	69.8	69.7	45.3	51.7
	Paper (thousand metric tons)	1,677	1,844	2,057	2,317	2,673	1,440	90.2	82.1	78.0	79.9	92.2	99.3
	Major petroleum products (million liters)	23,947	27,726	36,677	42,906	40,555	21,275	100.0	93.2	85.7	90.1	84.0	88.1
	Beer (million liters)	523	647	759	874	977	497	75.4	69.8	77.7	69.8	65.6	66.7
	Integrated circuits (million pieces)	2,291	3,143	3,330	4,009	3,929	2,263	88.1	74.8	79.3	95.5	73.7	84.9
	Tin metal (thousand metric tons)	8	8	11	12	15	8	18.0	28.1	36.6	41.0	51.7	54.1

Source: Data provided by Bank of Thailand.

^{^1/}1995=100. Covers about 62.4 percent of total manufacturing sector.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 10.

Thailand: Agricultural Production, 1994-99

(Index 1988=100)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Covers about 90 percent of total agricultural production.

Table 10.

Thailand: Agricultural Production, 1994-99

(Index 1988=100)

			Weights	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 2/
Total ^1/			100.0	126.4	131.6	136.6	139.1	139.5	145.1
	Crops		68.4	123.6	128.5	136.4	138.8	137.7	145.1
		Paddy	30.6	98.4	103.5	109.9	115.1	116.1	115.0
		Rubber	7.8	178.2	185.6	198.7	208.5	215.4	218.7
		Tapioca roots	4.8	77.4	70.0	76.7	74.9	68.1	72.3
		Maize	4.4	86.7	90.2	88.2	85.4	110.8	103.2
		Sugar cane	3.4	138.7	183.2	204.8	192.1	155.8	189.6
		Sorghurn	2.9	106.1	90.2	104.4	72.7	81.4	76.1
		Soybean	1.7	103.5	75.7	69.1	66.2	65.7	67.7
		Coconut	1.4	107.1	102.5	102.3	103.0	99.6	100.2
		Mungbean	1.2	76.7	70.3	71.4	60.0	70.0	74.2
		Oil palm	0.9	217.2	254.8	303.7	302.9	278.5	355.6
		Coffee	0.8	144.7	134.9	140.8	131.3	100.1	134.8
		Garlic	0.6	91.2	98.8	103.2	89.4	91.1	100.0
		Chilli	0.6	76.7	78.0	89.3	90.2	93.4	85.0
		Tobacco leaves	0.5	116.1	111.4	136.6	165.4	169.7	181.1
		Other crops	6.9	198-6	201.5	210.5	212.4	203.9	235.1
	Forest products		3.0	11.4	7.9	7.5	5.5	6.0	5.4
	Animal products		16.8	130.1	135.1	137.8	142.9	147.4	153.0
	Fish catch		11.8	170.2	176.8	169.2	169.5	173.3	169.4

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Covers about 90 percent of total agricultural production.

Table 10.

Thailand: Agricultural Production, 1994-99

(Index 1988=100)

			Weights	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 2/
Total ^1/			100.0	126.4	131.6	136.6	139.1	139.5	145.1
	Crops		68.4	123.6	128.5	136.4	138.8	137.7	145.1
		Paddy	30.6	98.4	103.5	109.9	115.1	116.1	115.0
		Rubber	7.8	178.2	185.6	198.7	208.5	215.4	218.7
		Tapioca roots	4.8	77.4	70.0	76.7	74.9	68.1	72.3
		Maize	4.4	86.7	90.2	88.2	85.4	110.8	103.2
		Sugar cane	3.4	138.7	183.2	204.8	192.1	155.8	189.6
		Sorghurn	2.9	106.1	90.2	104.4	72.7	81.4	76.1
		Soybean	1.7	103.5	75.7	69.1	66.2	65.7	67.7
		Coconut	1.4	107.1	102.5	102.3	103.0	99.6	100.2
		Mungbean	1.2	76.7	70.3	71.4	60.0	70.0	74.2
		Oil palm	0.9	217.2	254.8	303.7	302.9	278.5	355.6
		Coffee	0.8	144.7	134.9	140.8	131.3	100.1	134.8
		Garlic	0.6	91.2	98.8	103.2	89.4	91.1	100.0
		Chilli	0.6	76.7	78.0	89.3	90.2	93.4	85.0
		Tobacco leaves	0.5	116.1	111.4	136.6	165.4	169.7	181.1
		Other crops	6.9	198-6	201.5	210.5	212.4	203.9	235.1
	Forest products		3.0	11.4	7.9	7.5	5.5	6.0	5.4
	Animal products		16.8	130.1	135.1	137.8	142.9	147.4	153.0
	Fish catch		11.8	170.2	176.8	169.2	169.5	173.3	169.4

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Covers about 90 percent of total agricultural production.

Table 11.

Thailand: Mining Production, 1994-99

Source: Data provided by the Department of Mineral Resources.

^{^1/}First half of year.

Table 11.

Thailand: Mining Production, 1994-99

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Nonenergy (thousands of metric tons)
	Tin concentrates	3.9	2.2	1.4	0.8	2.0	1.6
	Tungsten	0.2	0.1	0.1	0	0.1	0.0
	Lead ore	18.7	22.8	49.2	12.3	15.3	11.1
	Antimony ore	1.1	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.1
	Zinc ore	349.6	135.2	181.2	91.1	195.1	111.0
	Manganese ore	6.5	3.5	3.1	0.5	0.1	0.1
	Iron ore	139.8	34.5	85.9	43.8	90.7	5.2
	Gypsum	8,139.8	8,533.2	8,934.5	8,557.6	4,333.8	2,371.1
	Fluorite ore	23.7	24.1	17.2	7.8	3.7	4.7
Energy
	Crude oil (million barrels)	9.1	8.2	9.2	9.5	10.4	5.2
	Natural gas (billion cubic feet)	378.8	401.2	468.8	571.0	621.5	324.1
	Condensate (million barrels)	11.1	10.9	13.1	16.7	16.4	8.5
	Lignite (millions of metric tons)	17.1	18.4	21.7	23.4	20.2	9.5

Source: Data provided by the Department of Mineral Resources.

^{^1/}First half of year.

Table 11.

Thailand: Mining Production, 1994-99

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Nonenergy (thousands of metric tons)
	Tin concentrates	3.9	2.2	1.4	0.8	2.0	1.6
	Tungsten	0.2	0.1	0.1	0	0.1	0.0
	Lead ore	18.7	22.8	49.2	12.3	15.3	11.1
	Antimony ore	1.1	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.1
	Zinc ore	349.6	135.2	181.2	91.1	195.1	111.0
	Manganese ore	6.5	3.5	3.1	0.5	0.1	0.1
	Iron ore	139.8	34.5	85.9	43.8	90.7	5.2
	Gypsum	8,139.8	8,533.2	8,934.5	8,557.6	4,333.8	2,371.1
	Fluorite ore	23.7	24.1	17.2	7.8	3.7	4.7
Energy
	Crude oil (million barrels)	9.1	8.2	9.2	9.5	10.4	5.2
	Natural gas (billion cubic feet)	378.8	401.2	468.8	571.0	621.5	324.1
	Condensate (million barrels)	11.1	10.9	13.1	16.7	16.4	8.5
	Lignite (millions of metric tons)	17.1	18.4	21.7	23.4	20.2	9.5

Source: Data provided by the Department of Mineral Resources.

^{^1/}First half of year.

Table 12.

Thailand: Production, Consumption, and Import of Primary Commercial Energy, 1994-99

(Barrels per day of crude oil equivalent)

Source: Data provided by the National Energy Policy Office (NEPO).

^{^1/}January-July.

Table 12.

Thailand: Production, Consumption, and Import of Primary Commercial Energy, 1994-99

(Barrels per day of crude oil equivalent)

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	Prel. 1999 ^1/
Production		368,138	392,644	450,073	523,408	524,089	537,494
	Crude	26,553	23,763	26,419	27,463	29,420	29,982
	Condensate	27,863	27,271	32,436	40,774	42,177	42,571
	Hydroelectricity	19,548	29,267	31,940	31,437	22,590	15,353
	Lignite	107,695	114,816	131,686	142,732	124,868	124,512
	Natural gas	186,479	197,527	227,592	281,002	305,034	325,076
Net Import (Export)		539,703	639,599	734,732	709,378	617,982	639,474
	Crude and petroleum	535,815	621,876	706,534	688,378	611,167	609,374
	Coal	19,001	29,356	48,717	41,133	20,424	38,747
	Electricity	1,549	1,238	1,416	1,319	2,796	2,765
	Condensate	(16,662)	(12,871)	(21,935)	(21,452)	-16,405	-11,412
Consumption		899,879	1,007,874	1,120,759	1,175,658	1,089,544	1,130,328
	Petroleum Products	566,109	635,902	685,204	681,333	610,856	622,202
	Coal	19,001	29,356	48,717	41,133	20,424	38,747
	Hydroelectricity	21,097	30,505	33,356	32,756	25,386	18,118
	Lignite	107,193	114,584	125,890	139,433	127,455	126,045
	Natural gas	186,479	197,527	227,592	281,003	305,423	325,216
Imports/consumption (percent)		59.98	63.46	65.56	60.34	56.72	56.57

Source: Data provided by the National Energy Policy Office (NEPO).

^{^1/}January-July.

Table 12.

Thailand: Production, Consumption, and Import of Primary Commercial Energy, 1994-99

(Barrels per day of crude oil equivalent)

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	Prel. 1999 ^1/
Production		368,138	392,644	450,073	523,408	524,089	537,494
	Crude	26,553	23,763	26,419	27,463	29,420	29,982
	Condensate	27,863	27,271	32,436	40,774	42,177	42,571
	Hydroelectricity	19,548	29,267	31,940	31,437	22,590	15,353
	Lignite	107,695	114,816	131,686	142,732	124,868	124,512
	Natural gas	186,479	197,527	227,592	281,002	305,034	325,076
Net Import (Export)		539,703	639,599	734,732	709,378	617,982	639,474
	Crude and petroleum	535,815	621,876	706,534	688,378	611,167	609,374
	Coal	19,001	29,356	48,717	41,133	20,424	38,747
	Electricity	1,549	1,238	1,416	1,319	2,796	2,765
	Condensate	(16,662)	(12,871)	(21,935)	(21,452)	-16,405	-11,412
Consumption		899,879	1,007,874	1,120,759	1,175,658	1,089,544	1,130,328
	Petroleum Products	566,109	635,902	685,204	681,333	610,856	622,202
	Coal	19,001	29,356	48,717	41,133	20,424	38,747
	Hydroelectricity	21,097	30,505	33,356	32,756	25,386	18,118
	Lignite	107,193	114,584	125,890	139,433	127,455	126,045
	Natural gas	186,479	197,527	227,592	281,003	305,423	325,216
Imports/consumption (percent)		59.98	63.46	65.56	60.34	56.72	56.57

Source: Data provided by the National Energy Policy Office (NEPO).

^{^1/}January-July.

Table 13.

Thailand: Construction and the Property Market, 1994-99

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year.

Table 13.

Thailand: Construction and the Property Market, 1994-99

			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
			(In thousand square meters)
Area permitted for construction in Bangkok
	Total		26,108	25,380	15,844	12,849	4,268	1,475
		Housing	18,510	17,263	10,944	7,636	2,844	931
		Commercial	5,361	6,411	4,191	4,742	1,064	452
		Industrial	33	85	49	116	4	0
		Services and transportation	1,211	410	264	205	259	39
		Other	993	1,211	396	150	97	53

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year.

Table 13.

Thailand: Construction and the Property Market, 1994-99

			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
			(In thousand square meters)
Area permitted for construction in Bangkok
	Total		26,108	25,380	15,844	12,849	4,268	1,475
		Housing	18,510	17,263	10,944	7,636	2,844	931
		Commercial	5,361	6,411	4,191	4,742	1,064	452
		Industrial	33	85	49	116	4	0
		Services and transportation	1,211	410	264	205	259	39
		Other	993	1,211	396	150	97	53

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year.

Table 14.

Thailand: Private Sector Investment in Nonagricultural Sector, 1994-99.

(In millions of baht; except otherwise indicated)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding Finance and Securities Companies.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 14.

Thailand: Private Sector Investment in Nonagricultural Sector, 1994-99.

(In millions of baht; except otherwise indicated)

			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Investment and promotion
	Applications submitted		593,608	901,400	834,700	476,500	267,900	93,200
	Applications approved		281,500	584,700	529,400	469,500	287,500	86,500
	Investment certificates issued		210,100	328,300	427,100	405,700	244,500	58,600
	Commencement of operation		101,600	132,500	230,300	267,400	283,800	94,000
New business registration			155,887	179,178	185,835	114,999	96,247	86,146
Capital increase			175,460	312,011	264,830	307,159	275,538	192,608
Production and other investment indicators
	Construction areas permitted (thousand sq. meters)
		Whole country	36,131	36,786	26,239	20,811	…	…
		Bangkok Metropolis	26,108	25,380	15,844	12,849	…	…
	Import value of capital goods		659,373	862,149	906,607	937,009	…	…
	Sales of cement (thousand tones, including portland cement imports)		28,888	33,067	37,092	35,833	…	…
Foreign equity inflow			47,629	58,969	74,408	82,296	…	…
Outstanding credits received by construction and industrial firms ^1/			1,767,758	2,264,774	2,662,486	2,671,592	…	…

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding Finance and Securities Companies.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 14.

Thailand: Private Sector Investment in Nonagricultural Sector, 1994-99.

(In millions of baht; except otherwise indicated)

			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Investment and promotion
	Applications submitted		593,608	901,400	834,700	476,500	267,900	93,200
	Applications approved		281,500	584,700	529,400	469,500	287,500	86,500
	Investment certificates issued		210,100	328,300	427,100	405,700	244,500	58,600
	Commencement of operation		101,600	132,500	230,300	267,400	283,800	94,000
New business registration			155,887	179,178	185,835	114,999	96,247	86,146
Capital increase			175,460	312,011	264,830	307,159	275,538	192,608
Production and other investment indicators
	Construction areas permitted (thousand sq. meters)
		Whole country	36,131	36,786	26,239	20,811	…	…
		Bangkok Metropolis	26,108	25,380	15,844	12,849	…	…
	Import value of capital goods		659,373	862,149	906,607	937,009	…	…
	Sales of cement (thousand tones, including portland cement imports)		28,888	33,067	37,092	35,833	…	…
Foreign equity inflow			47,629	58,969	74,408	82,296	…	…
Outstanding credits received by construction and industrial firms ^1/			1,767,758	2,264,774	2,662,486	2,671,592	…	…

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding Finance and Securities Companies.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 15.

Thailand: Promotional Activities of the Board of Investment, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of baht; except where otherwise indicated)

Source: Data provided by the Office of the Board of Investment.

^{^1/}From June 1999 onward statistics do not include applications submitted for (a) relocation; (b) BOI privileges tranferred; and (c) existing projects applying for nontax incentives.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 15.

Thailand: Promotional Activities of the Board of Investment, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of baht; except where otherwise indicated)

			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Number of applications received			1,538	1,407	1,198	933	820	456
Value of investment			593,608	901,400	834,700	476,500	267,900	93,200
Number of applications approved			1,191	1,205	974	868	649	322
Value of investment			281,500	584,700	529,400	469,500	287,500	86,500
Number of promotion certificates issued			946	978	942	793	569	264
Value of investment			210,100	328,300	427,100	405,700	244,500	58,600
Number of firms starting operations			314	322	611	465	697	265
Value of investment			101,600	132,500	230,300	267,400	283,800	94,000
Number of Thai employees			90,869	93,563	171,711	133,876	160,086	48,445
Value of approved investments by sector
	Agriculture and agricultural products		23,534	20,429	17,984	19,000	18,400	7,400
	Minerals, metals, and ceramics		50,918	146,868	99,124	30,600	1,300	600
	Light industry		10,762	10,855	6,737	7,600	10,800	5,500
	Metal products, machinery, and transport equipment		23,719	53,075	53,303	33,200	10,800	5,900
	Electronics and electrical products		58,524	44,543	85,311	32,600	61,200	22,000
	Chemical products, paper, and plastics		52,088	226,621	126,015	171,200	54,400	32,000
	Services and public utilities		61,955	77,668	140,949	175,400	130.700	13,200
Direction of approved investments
	Export-oriented production (over 80 percent exported)		51,400	67,490	98,700	94,900	111,200	65,700
Ownership of approved investments
	Total		281,500	584,700	529,400	469,500	287,500	86,500
		Domestic	129,600	174,200	173,500	147,800	29,900	9,300
		Foreign	19,900	35,200	75,800	36,800	80,000	32,500
		Joint venture	132,000	375,300	280,100	284,800	177,600	44,700

Source: Data provided by the Office of the Board of Investment.

^{^1/}From June 1999 onward statistics do not include applications submitted for (a) relocation; (b) BOI privileges tranferred; and (c) existing projects applying for nontax incentives.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 15.

Thailand: Promotional Activities of the Board of Investment, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of baht; except where otherwise indicated)

			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Number of applications received			1,538	1,407	1,198	933	820	456
Value of investment			593,608	901,400	834,700	476,500	267,900	93,200
Number of applications approved			1,191	1,205	974	868	649	322
Value of investment			281,500	584,700	529,400	469,500	287,500	86,500
Number of promotion certificates issued			946	978	942	793	569	264
Value of investment			210,100	328,300	427,100	405,700	244,500	58,600
Number of firms starting operations			314	322	611	465	697	265
Value of investment			101,600	132,500	230,300	267,400	283,800	94,000
Number of Thai employees			90,869	93,563	171,711	133,876	160,086	48,445
Value of approved investments by sector
	Agriculture and agricultural products		23,534	20,429	17,984	19,000	18,400	7,400
	Minerals, metals, and ceramics		50,918	146,868	99,124	30,600	1,300	600
	Light industry		10,762	10,855	6,737	7,600	10,800	5,500
	Metal products, machinery, and transport equipment		23,719	53,075	53,303	33,200	10,800	5,900
	Electronics and electrical products		58,524	44,543	85,311	32,600	61,200	22,000
	Chemical products, paper, and plastics		52,088	226,621	126,015	171,200	54,400	32,000
	Services and public utilities		61,955	77,668	140,949	175,400	130.700	13,200
Direction of approved investments
	Export-oriented production (over 80 percent exported)		51,400	67,490	98,700	94,900	111,200	65,700
Ownership of approved investments
	Total		281,500	584,700	529,400	469,500	287,500	86,500
		Domestic	129,600	174,200	173,500	147,800	29,900	9,300
		Foreign	19,900	35,200	75,800	36,800	80,000	32,500
		Joint venture	132,000	375,300	280,100	284,800	177,600	44,700

Source: Data provided by the Office of the Board of Investment.

^{^1/}From June 1999 onward statistics do not include applications submitted for (a) relocation; (b) BOI privileges tranferred; and (c) existing projects applying for nontax incentives.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 16.

Thailand; Investment in Main Infrastructure Projects, 1992-2000

Source: Information provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Preliminary estimates, in billions of baht.

Table 16.

Thailand; Investment in Main Infrastructure Projects, 1992-2000

Main Projects	Construction Period	Est. Cost ^1/
Private Sector
1. Elevated multimodal transit system, Bangkok	1992-2000	80
2. Bangkok transit system	1993-99	53
3. Second stage of expressway system, Bangkok	1991-95	13
4. Tollway to international airport, Bangkok	1990-98	16
5. Expansion of telephone system, Bangkok	1992-96	130
Government
1. Expansion of international airport, Bangkok	1997-2000	120
2. Second international airport, Bangkok	1995-2010	…
3. Provincial Airports	1992-96	8
4. Internationa1 seaports, Laem Chabang	1992-96	4.4
5. Public utilities. Bangkok and provinces	1992-96	19
6. Transport projects, provinces	1992-96	300
7. Irrigation projects, provinces	1992-96	36
Public Enterprises
1. State railways, Bangkok and provinces	1992-96	34
2. Water projects, Bangkok and provinces	1992-96	37
3. Electricity projects, Bangkok and provinces	1992-2000	327
4. Telecommunications, Bangkok and provinces	1992-96	40
5. Public utilities and transport, Bangkok and provinces	1992-96	0
6. Oil refineries and natural gas development, Bangkok and provinces	1992-96	120
7. Thai Airways International Ltd.	1991-95	103
8. Airports Authority of Thailand	1992-95	8
9. Housing project	1992-96	79
10. Metropolitan rapid transit system	1996-2003	97

Source: Information provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Preliminary estimates, in billions of baht.

Table 16.

Thailand; Investment in Main Infrastructure Projects, 1992-2000

Main Projects	Construction Period	Est. Cost ^1/
Private Sector
1. Elevated multimodal transit system, Bangkok	1992-2000	80
2. Bangkok transit system	1993-99	53
3. Second stage of expressway system, Bangkok	1991-95	13
4. Tollway to international airport, Bangkok	1990-98	16
5. Expansion of telephone system, Bangkok	1992-96	130
Government
1. Expansion of international airport, Bangkok	1997-2000	120
2. Second international airport, Bangkok	1995-2010	…
3. Provincial Airports	1992-96	8
4. Internationa1 seaports, Laem Chabang	1992-96	4.4
5. Public utilities. Bangkok and provinces	1992-96	19
6. Transport projects, provinces	1992-96	300
7. Irrigation projects, provinces	1992-96	36
Public Enterprises
1. State railways, Bangkok and provinces	1992-96	34
2. Water projects, Bangkok and provinces	1992-96	37
3. Electricity projects, Bangkok and provinces	1992-2000	327
4. Telecommunications, Bangkok and provinces	1992-96	40
5. Public utilities and transport, Bangkok and provinces	1992-96	0
6. Oil refineries and natural gas development, Bangkok and provinces	1992-96	120
7. Thai Airways International Ltd.	1991-95	103
8. Airports Authority of Thailand	1992-95	8
9. Housing project	1992-96	79
10. Metropolitan rapid transit system	1996-2003	97

Source: Information provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Preliminary estimates, in billions of baht.

Table 17.

Thailand: Population, Labor Force, and Employment by Major Economic Sectors, 1994-99

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Thirteen years of age and above.

^{^2/}Includes persons 13 years of age and above who were available for work but did not work at all and were looking for work.

^{^3/}Includes persons 13 years of age and above who were available for work but did not work at all and were not looking for work.

Table 17.

Thailand: Population, Labor Force, and Employment by Major Economic Sectors, 1994-99

			1994	1995	1996	1997	Est. 1998	Est. 1999
			(In millions of persons)
Population			59.10	59.46	60.12	60.82	61.47	62.08
Labor force ^1/			31.53	32.24	32.38	32.84	32.80	33.49
Open unemployed ^2/			0.17	0.14	0.12	0.18	0.44	0.49
Passive unemployed ^3/			0.66	0.42	0.38	0.44	0.87	0.92
Employment ^1/			29.90	30.88	31.22	31.64	30.83	31.50
	Agriculture		15.05	14.42	14.16	14.27	14.08	14.73
	Nonagriculture		14.85	16.46	17.06	17.37	16.75	16.77
		Mining, electricity, and water supply	0.24	0.24	0.22	…	…	…
		Manufacturing	4.15	4.62	4.66	…	…	…
		Construction	1.98	2.25	2.65	…	…	…
		Transportation and communication	0.89	1.01	1.00	…	…	…
		Commerce and banking, insurance, and real estate	3.73	4.19	4.40	…	…	…
		Services and public administration	3.86	4.15	4.14	…	…	…
			(In percent)
Participation rate			72.4	71.4	70.6	70.6	69.4	69.9
Rate of unemployment			2.6	1.7	1.5	1.91	4.00	4.22
Population			1.3	0.6	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.0
Labor force ^1/			-1.5	2.3	0.4	1.4	-0.1	2.1
Open unemployed ^2/			21.4	-17.6	-14.3	51.7	141.8	11.4
Passive unemployed ^3/			-5.7	-36.4	-9.5	16.8	96.2	5.9
Employment ^1/			-1.8	3.3	1.1	1.3	-2.6	2.2
	Agriculture		-6.8	-4.2	-1.8	…	…	…
	Nonagriculture		3.8	10.8	3.6	…	…	…
		Mining, electricity, and water supply	20.0	0.0	-8.3	…	…	…
		Manufacturing	0.1	11.2	0.9	…	…	…
		Construction	23.4	13.9	17.8	…	…	…
		Transportation and communication	-1.7	13.6	-1.1	…	…	…
		Commerce and banking, insurance, and real estate	-1.2	12.4	5.0	…	…	…
		Services and public administration	5.2	7.6	-0.3	…	…	…

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Thirteen years of age and above.

^{^2/}Includes persons 13 years of age and above who were available for work but did not work at all and were looking for work.

^{^3/}Includes persons 13 years of age and above who were available for work but did not work at all and were not looking for work.

Table 17.

Thailand: Population, Labor Force, and Employment by Major Economic Sectors, 1994-99

			1994	1995	1996	1997	Est. 1998	Est. 1999
			(In millions of persons)
Population			59.10	59.46	60.12	60.82	61.47	62.08
Labor force ^1/			31.53	32.24	32.38	32.84	32.80	33.49
Open unemployed ^2/			0.17	0.14	0.12	0.18	0.44	0.49
Passive unemployed ^3/			0.66	0.42	0.38	0.44	0.87	0.92
Employment ^1/			29.90	30.88	31.22	31.64	30.83	31.50
	Agriculture		15.05	14.42	14.16	14.27	14.08	14.73
	Nonagriculture		14.85	16.46	17.06	17.37	16.75	16.77
		Mining, electricity, and water supply	0.24	0.24	0.22	…	…	…
		Manufacturing	4.15	4.62	4.66	…	…	…
		Construction	1.98	2.25	2.65	…	…	…
		Transportation and communication	0.89	1.01	1.00	…	…	…
		Commerce and banking, insurance, and real estate	3.73	4.19	4.40	…	…	…
		Services and public administration	3.86	4.15	4.14	…	…	…
			(In percent)
Participation rate			72.4	71.4	70.6	70.6	69.4	69.9
Rate of unemployment			2.6	1.7	1.5	1.91	4.00	4.22
Population			1.3	0.6	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.0
Labor force ^1/			-1.5	2.3	0.4	1.4	-0.1	2.1
Open unemployed ^2/			21.4	-17.6	-14.3	51.7	141.8	11.4
Passive unemployed ^3/			-5.7	-36.4	-9.5	16.8	96.2	5.9
Employment ^1/			-1.8	3.3	1.1	1.3	-2.6	2.2
	Agriculture		-6.8	-4.2	-1.8	…	…	…
	Nonagriculture		3.8	10.8	3.6	…	…	…
		Mining, electricity, and water supply	20.0	0.0	-8.3	…	…	…
		Manufacturing	0.1	11.2	0.9	…	…	…
		Construction	23.4	13.9	17.8	…	…	…
		Transportation and communication	-1.7	13.6	-1.1	…	…	…
		Commerce and banking, insurance, and real estate	-1.2	12.4	5.0	…	…	…
		Services and public administration	5.2	7.6	-0.3	…	…	…

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Thirteen years of age and above.

^{^2/}Includes persons 13 years of age and above who were available for work but did not work at all and were looking for work.

^{^3/}Includes persons 13 years of age and above who were available for work but did not work at all and were not looking for work.

Table 18.

Thailand: Average Earnings, Classified by Manufacturing Categories, 1994-99

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 18.

Thailand: Average Earnings, Classified by Manufacturing Categories, 1994-99

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999
		(In baht per month)
Manufacturing (Whole Kingdom)		4,229-9	4,999.6	5,502.4	5,937.7	6,389.4	…
	Food, Beveraged, and Tobacco	4,005.7	4,487.3	5,188.5	5,070.9	5,412.9	…
	Textiles, wearing Apparel, Leather and Leather Products	4,058.0	4,425.8	4,983.1	5,026.9	4,945.5	…
	Wood and Wood Products Including Funiture	3,568.3	4,434.6	4,637.2	4,820.3	5,083.3	…
	Paper and Paper Products, Printing and Publishing	6,958.5	7,267.9	6,374.1	7,179.2	7,998.9	…
	Chemicals and Chemical, Petroleum, Coal, Rubber and Plastic Products	4,604.1	5,415.0	6,014.7	6,090.0	6,721.4	…
	Non-Metallic Mineral Products, Except Produces of Petroleum and Coal	4,629.1	9,629.3	5,398.4	6,948.4	7,715.5	…
	Basic Metal Industries	5,496.4	5,555.1	6,496.7	6,706.6	8,633.3	…
	Fabricared Metal Products, Machinery and Equipment	5,497.6	5,208.2	6,728.4	7,165.4	7,740.4	…
	Other Manufacturing Industries	3,756.9	4,687.8	4,357.0	5,562.0	6,357.5	…
Contraction		4,318.8	8,104.2	7,259.0	6,352.4	7,403.6	…
		(Percent change from year earlier)
Manufacturing (Whole Kingdom)		-0.7	18.2	10.1	7.9	7.6	…
	Food, Beveraged, and Tobacco	3.9	12.0	15.6	-2.3	6.7	…
	Textiles, wearing Apparel, Leather, and Leather Products	2.9	9.1	12.6	0.9	-1.6	…
	Wood and Wood Products Including Funiture	-1.3	24.3	4.6	3.9	5.5	…
	Paper and Paper Products, Printing and Publishing	13.5	4.4	-12.3	12.6	11.4	…
	Chemicals and Chemical, Petroleum, Coal, Rubber and Plastic Products	9.8	17.6	11.1	1.3	10.4	…
	Non-Metallic Mineral Products, Except Produces of Petroleum and Coal	-35.7	108.0	-43.9	28.7	110	…
	Basic Metal Industries	22.2	1.1	17.0	3.2	28.7	…
	Fabricared Metal Products, Machinery and Equipment	22.6	-5.3	29.2	6.5	8.0	…
	Other Manufacturing Industries	-4.6	24.8	-7.1	27.7	14.3	…
Contruction		-40.3	87.6	-10.4	-12.5	16.5	…

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 18.

Thailand: Average Earnings, Classified by Manufacturing Categories, 1994-99

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999
		(In baht per month)
Manufacturing (Whole Kingdom)		4,229-9	4,999.6	5,502.4	5,937.7	6,389.4	…
	Food, Beveraged, and Tobacco	4,005.7	4,487.3	5,188.5	5,070.9	5,412.9	…
	Textiles, wearing Apparel, Leather and Leather Products	4,058.0	4,425.8	4,983.1	5,026.9	4,945.5	…
	Wood and Wood Products Including Funiture	3,568.3	4,434.6	4,637.2	4,820.3	5,083.3	…
	Paper and Paper Products, Printing and Publishing	6,958.5	7,267.9	6,374.1	7,179.2	7,998.9	…
	Chemicals and Chemical, Petroleum, Coal, Rubber and Plastic Products	4,604.1	5,415.0	6,014.7	6,090.0	6,721.4	…
	Non-Metallic Mineral Products, Except Produces of Petroleum and Coal	4,629.1	9,629.3	5,398.4	6,948.4	7,715.5	…
	Basic Metal Industries	5,496.4	5,555.1	6,496.7	6,706.6	8,633.3	…
	Fabricared Metal Products, Machinery and Equipment	5,497.6	5,208.2	6,728.4	7,165.4	7,740.4	…
	Other Manufacturing Industries	3,756.9	4,687.8	4,357.0	5,562.0	6,357.5	…
Contraction		4,318.8	8,104.2	7,259.0	6,352.4	7,403.6	…
		(Percent change from year earlier)
Manufacturing (Whole Kingdom)		-0.7	18.2	10.1	7.9	7.6	…
	Food, Beveraged, and Tobacco	3.9	12.0	15.6	-2.3	6.7	…
	Textiles, wearing Apparel, Leather, and Leather Products	2.9	9.1	12.6	0.9	-1.6	…
	Wood and Wood Products Including Funiture	-1.3	24.3	4.6	3.9	5.5	…
	Paper and Paper Products, Printing and Publishing	13.5	4.4	-12.3	12.6	11.4	…
	Chemicals and Chemical, Petroleum, Coal, Rubber and Plastic Products	9.8	17.6	11.1	1.3	10.4	…
	Non-Metallic Mineral Products, Except Produces of Petroleum and Coal	-35.7	108.0	-43.9	28.7	110	…
	Basic Metal Industries	22.2	1.1	17.0	3.2	28.7	…
	Fabricared Metal Products, Machinery and Equipment	22.6	-5.3	29.2	6.5	8.0	…
	Other Manufacturing Industries	-4.6	24.8	-7.1	27.7	14.3	…
Contruction		-40.3	87.6	-10.4	-12.5	16.5	…

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 19.

Thailand: Consumer Prices, 1994-99 ^1/

(1994=100)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Consumer price index for the Kingdom. Quarterly and annual data are averages of monthly indices.

^{^2/}Includes clothing, housing, personal and medical care, transportation, recreation, reading and education, tobacco and alcoholic beverages.

Table 19.

Thailand: Consumer Prices, 1994-99 ^1/

(1994=100)

		All Items	Food	Nonfood ^2/	Housing
Weights		100.00	35.28	64.72	24.01
1992		110.0	111.8	108.8	105.3
	I	108.1	110.7	106.2	104.5
	II	109.6	111.8	108.1	105.0
	III	111.4	113.6	109.8	105.3
	IV	111.1	111.0	111.1	106.3
1993		95.2	93.5	96.3	96.8
	I	93.4	90.9	95.1	96.3
	II	94.7	93.1	95.9	96.6
	III	96.0	95.1	96.7	96.7
	IV	96.6	95.1	97.6	97.6
1994		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
	I	97.8	96.5	98.8	99.0
	II	99.4	99.2	99.6	99.4
	III	101.0	101.8	100.4	100.1
	IV	101.7	102.6	101.1	101.7
1995		105.8	108.1	104.3	104.8
	I	102.5	103.5	101.9	102.5
	II	104.8	106.3	103.8	104.0
	III	107.0	109.5	1054	105.9
	IV	108.9	113.1	106.0	106.9
1996		111.9	117.7	108.0	108.2
	I	110.1	115.0	106.8	107.6
	II	111.3	116.3	107.8	108.2
	III	112.5	118.7	108.3	108.3
	IV	113.9	120.8	109.2	108.8
1997		118.2	125.9	113.0	111.6
	I	114.9	121.5	110.4	109.7
	II	116.1	122.8	111.5	110.7
	III	119.4	128.8	113.0	111.3
	IV	122.5	130.4	117.0	114.6
1998		127.8	137.9	121.2	117.8
	I	125.3	134.3	119.3	116.1
	II	128.1	138.6	121.3	117.5
	III	129.2	140.1	122.2	118.7
	IV	128.6	138.4	122.1	119.0
1999
	I	128.6	138.3	122.2	119.1
	II	127.5	136.9	121.3	117.2
	III	127.9	136.1	122.4	117.2

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Consumer price index for the Kingdom. Quarterly and annual data are averages of monthly indices.

^{^2/}Includes clothing, housing, personal and medical care, transportation, recreation, reading and education, tobacco and alcoholic beverages.

Table 19.

Thailand: Consumer Prices, 1994-99 ^1/

(1994=100)

		All Items	Food	Nonfood ^2/	Housing
Weights		100.00	35.28	64.72	24.01
1992		110.0	111.8	108.8	105.3
	I	108.1	110.7	106.2	104.5
	II	109.6	111.8	108.1	105.0
	III	111.4	113.6	109.8	105.3
	IV	111.1	111.0	111.1	106.3
1993		95.2	93.5	96.3	96.8
	I	93.4	90.9	95.1	96.3
	II	94.7	93.1	95.9	96.6
	III	96.0	95.1	96.7	96.7
	IV	96.6	95.1	97.6	97.6
1994		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
	I	97.8	96.5	98.8	99.0
	II	99.4	99.2	99.6	99.4
	III	101.0	101.8	100.4	100.1
	IV	101.7	102.6	101.1	101.7
1995		105.8	108.1	104.3	104.8
	I	102.5	103.5	101.9	102.5
	II	104.8	106.3	103.8	104.0
	III	107.0	109.5	1054	105.9
	IV	108.9	113.1	106.0	106.9
1996		111.9	117.7	108.0	108.2
	I	110.1	115.0	106.8	107.6
	II	111.3	116.3	107.8	108.2
	III	112.5	118.7	108.3	108.3
	IV	113.9	120.8	109.2	108.8
1997		118.2	125.9	113.0	111.6
	I	114.9	121.5	110.4	109.7
	II	116.1	122.8	111.5	110.7
	III	119.4	128.8	113.0	111.3
	IV	122.5	130.4	117.0	114.6
1998		127.8	137.9	121.2	117.8
	I	125.3	134.3	119.3	116.1
	II	128.1	138.6	121.3	117.5
	III	129.2	140.1	122.2	118.7
	IV	128.6	138.4	122.1	119.0
1999
	I	128.6	138.3	122.2	119.1
	II	127.5	136.9	121.3	117.2
	III	127.9	136.1	122.4	117.2

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Consumer price index for the Kingdom. Quarterly and annual data are averages of monthly indices.

^{^2/}Includes clothing, housing, personal and medical care, transportation, recreation, reading and education, tobacco and alcoholic beverages.

Table 20.

Thailand: Wholesale Price Index by Category, 1994-99 ^1/

(1985=100)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Quarterly and annual data are averages of monthly indices.

^{^2/}Includes agricultural products, foods, beverages and animal foods.

Table 20.

Thailand: Wholesale Price Index by Category, 1994-99 ^1/

(1985=100)

	All Commodities	Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs ^2/	Agricultural Products	Foods	Manufactured Products	Special Index for Exported Products
Weights	100.0	34.4	12.4	15.9	65.6	…
1992	132.3	147.2	157.9	140.8	123.4	124.3
I	131.6	145.9	155.9	139.3	123.0	122.2
II	133.3	150.0	163.7	142.1	123.5	125.7
III	133.6	150.9	163.1	143.9	123.5	126.7
IV	130.6	142.1	148.8	137.6	123.4	122.5
1993	131.7	141.3	145.1	140.0	125.4	121.7
I	130.9	141.7	148.4	138.3	124.0	121.5
II	131.5	139.5	144.6	137.4	126.0	120.2
III	131.7	140.2	143.7	137.5	126.0	120.6
IV	132.8	143.8	143.6	146.6	125.8	124.6
1994	136.8	150.6	155.3	150.3	128.5	135.4
I	136.1	153.1	155.2	156.7	126.2	130.6
II	135.6	149.5	154.2	149.0	127.2	132.2
III	137.0	148.6	153.6	146.8	129.6	136.1
IV	138.6	151.1	158.4	148.6	130.8	142.8
1995	148.2	169.6	183.7	162.2	135.9	157.6
I	143.1	159.0	170.2	153.8	133.6	153.4
II	146.9	165.4	179.7	156.9	136.1	157.5
III	150.5	176.1	190.0	167.9	136.3	158.1
IV	152.2	178.0	192.8	170.3	137.8	161.3
1996	155.1	184.2	201.4	176.1	139.1	159.2
I	152.5	175.5	185.2	169.8	139.5	162.1
II	155.7	186.1	207.0	174.6	139.2	161.9
III	155.6	187.8	206.1	180.3	138.0	158.4
IV	156.5	187.2	207.1	179.6	139.7	154.3
1997	161.3	191.6	205.0	188.9	144.5	158.1
I	155.5	184.5	198.7	181.6	139.5	152.7
II	155.5	187.0	2053	181.1	138.4	150.7
III	162.5	195.5	212.0	191.1	144.4	157.6
IV	171.5	199.2	204.1	201.8	155.9	171.2
1998	183.4	224.2	236.8	225.2	161.4	189.8
I	185.0	224.6	228.2	232.8	163.5	200.2
II	185.6	228.0	246.7	224.8	162.7	189.2
III	185.5	231.0	247.0	230.8	161.2	192.0
IV	177.6	213.1	225.5	212.4	158.2	177.8
1999
I	173.0	207.0	215.3	209.1	154.4	172.8
II	171.1	200.0	210.6	198.1	154.9	166.8
III	170.6	193.9	198.6	194.4	157.2	164.5

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Quarterly and annual data are averages of monthly indices.

^{^2/}Includes agricultural products, foods, beverages and animal foods.

Table 20.

Thailand: Wholesale Price Index by Category, 1994-99 ^1/

(1985=100)

	All Commodities	Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs ^2/	Agricultural Products	Foods	Manufactured Products	Special Index for Exported Products
Weights	100.0	34.4	12.4	15.9	65.6	…
1992	132.3	147.2	157.9	140.8	123.4	124.3
I	131.6	145.9	155.9	139.3	123.0	122.2
II	133.3	150.0	163.7	142.1	123.5	125.7
III	133.6	150.9	163.1	143.9	123.5	126.7
IV	130.6	142.1	148.8	137.6	123.4	122.5
1993	131.7	141.3	145.1	140.0	125.4	121.7
I	130.9	141.7	148.4	138.3	124.0	121.5
II	131.5	139.5	144.6	137.4	126.0	120.2
III	131.7	140.2	143.7	137.5	126.0	120.6
IV	132.8	143.8	143.6	146.6	125.8	124.6
1994	136.8	150.6	155.3	150.3	128.5	135.4
I	136.1	153.1	155.2	156.7	126.2	130.6
II	135.6	149.5	154.2	149.0	127.2	132.2
III	137.0	148.6	153.6	146.8	129.6	136.1
IV	138.6	151.1	158.4	148.6	130.8	142.8
1995	148.2	169.6	183.7	162.2	135.9	157.6
I	143.1	159.0	170.2	153.8	133.6	153.4
II	146.9	165.4	179.7	156.9	136.1	157.5
III	150.5	176.1	190.0	167.9	136.3	158.1
IV	152.2	178.0	192.8	170.3	137.8	161.3
1996	155.1	184.2	201.4	176.1	139.1	159.2
I	152.5	175.5	185.2	169.8	139.5	162.1
II	155.7	186.1	207.0	174.6	139.2	161.9
III	155.6	187.8	206.1	180.3	138.0	158.4
IV	156.5	187.2	207.1	179.6	139.7	154.3
1997	161.3	191.6	205.0	188.9	144.5	158.1
I	155.5	184.5	198.7	181.6	139.5	152.7
II	155.5	187.0	2053	181.1	138.4	150.7
III	162.5	195.5	212.0	191.1	144.4	157.6
IV	171.5	199.2	204.1	201.8	155.9	171.2
1998	183.4	224.2	236.8	225.2	161.4	189.8
I	185.0	224.6	228.2	232.8	163.5	200.2
II	185.6	228.0	246.7	224.8	162.7	189.2
III	185.5	231.0	247.0	230.8	161.2	192.0
IV	177.6	213.1	225.5	212.4	158.2	177.8
1999
I	173.0	207.0	215.3	209.1	154.4	172.8
II	171.1	200.0	210.6	198.1	154.9	166.8
III	170.6	193.9	198.6	194.4	157.2	164.5

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Quarterly and annual data are averages of monthly indices.

^{^2/}Includes agricultural products, foods, beverages and animal foods.

Table 21.

Thailand: Producer Price Index by Stage of Processing, 1994-99 ^1/

(1985=100)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Quarterly and annual data are averages of monthly indices.

Table 21.

Thailand: Producer Price Index by Stage of Processing, 1994-99 ^1/

(1985=100)

		Finished Goods	Intermediate Materials	Crude Materials
1992		133.0	126.6	144.1
	I	131.2	125.8	141.9
	II	133.6	126.5	147.7
	III	135.8	127.1	148.7
	IV	131.6	126.8	138.0
1993		135.9	126.3	132.3
	I	132.3	126.6	135.4
	II	136.5	126.6	132.0
	III	135.9	126.7	129.7
	IV	138.8	125.4	132.2
1994		141.9	127.9	147.1
	I	143.8	125.2	141.9
	II	141.4	126.8	141.9
	III	140.6	127.9	148.8
	IV	141.7	131.4	155.6
1995		149.1	138.8	178.0
	I	145.8	134.5	170.6
	II	147.6	137.9	178.7
	III	151.2	140.3	179.3
	IV	151.8	142.6	183.6
1996		156.2	144.9	182.9
	I	154.0	145.7	185.2
	II	156.6	144.8	183.9
	III	156.9	143.2	182.2
	IV	157.2	145.9	180.3
1997		169.2	150.9	190.6
	I	159.4	143.9	188.2
	II	158.1	141.1	183.4
	III	172.7	151.1	191.9
	IV	186.7	167.4	198.8
1998		204.1	175.8	229.3
	I	199.2	181.0	228.2
	II	205.1	177.5	229.6
	III	210.5	174.5	235.9
	IV	201.5	170.1	223.6
1999
	I	196.3	166.4	197.2
	II	191.1	166.7	185.0
	III	191.5	169.6	174.8

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Quarterly and annual data are averages of monthly indices.

Table 21.

Thailand: Producer Price Index by Stage of Processing, 1994-99 ^1/

(1985=100)

		Finished Goods	Intermediate Materials	Crude Materials
1992		133.0	126.6	144.1
	I	131.2	125.8	141.9
	II	133.6	126.5	147.7
	III	135.8	127.1	148.7
	IV	131.6	126.8	138.0
1993		135.9	126.3	132.3
	I	132.3	126.6	135.4
	II	136.5	126.6	132.0
	III	135.9	126.7	129.7
	IV	138.8	125.4	132.2
1994		141.9	127.9	147.1
	I	143.8	125.2	141.9
	II	141.4	126.8	141.9
	III	140.6	127.9	148.8
	IV	141.7	131.4	155.6
1995		149.1	138.8	178.0
	I	145.8	134.5	170.6
	II	147.6	137.9	178.7
	III	151.2	140.3	179.3
	IV	151.8	142.6	183.6
1996		156.2	144.9	182.9
	I	154.0	145.7	185.2
	II	156.6	144.8	183.9
	III	156.9	143.2	182.2
	IV	157.2	145.9	180.3
1997		169.2	150.9	190.6
	I	159.4	143.9	188.2
	II	158.1	141.1	183.4
	III	172.7	151.1	191.9
	IV	186.7	167.4	198.8
1998		204.1	175.8	229.3
	I	199.2	181.0	228.2
	II	205.1	177.5	229.6
	III	210.5	174.5	235.9
	IV	201.5	170.1	223.6
1999
	I	196.3	166.4	197.2
	II	191.1	166.7	185.0
	III	191.5	169.6	174.8

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Quarterly and annual data are averages of monthly indices.

Table 22.

Thailand: Selected Energy Prices, 1994-99 ^1/

Source: Data provided by the National Energy Policy Office (NEPO)

^{^1/}Annual average of monthly prices.

^{^2/}Average price of electricity sold (MEA, PEA) including VAT.

^{^3/}Retail price for Bangkok; 1995 column reports the price of fuel oil grade 2 (1,500).

^{^4/}Since 1993, tax rate of fuel oil is 17 percent of ex-refinery value.

^{^5/}Average price, Jan - August 1999

Table 22.

Thailand: Selected Energy Prices, 1994-99 ^1/

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^5/
Average import price of crude oil (baht/barrel)		16.34	19.09	18.55	12.09	15.31
	Index (1994= 100)	108.1	126.3	122-7	80.0	101.3
Electricity (baht/kwh) ^2/		1.93	2-00	2.15	2-38	2.05
	Index (1994= 100)	160.4	110.1	118.0	131.1	112.9
Premium gasoline (baht/liter) ^3/		8-87	9.23	10.48	11.86	11.47
	Index (1994 =100)	105.7	110.0	124.9	141.4	136.7
	Tax (baht/liter)	2.59	2.60	2.70	3.78	4.02
High-speed diesel (baht/liter) ^3/		7.60	8.60	9.49	9.19	8.48
	Index (1994- 100)	102.8	116.4	128.4	124.4	114.7
	Tax (baht/liter)	2.20	2.27	2.34	2.44	2.50
Fuel oil (baht/liter) ^3/		4.05	4.52	5.34	6.42	5.76
	Index (1994= 100)	96.9	108.1	127.8	153.6	137.8
	Tax (baht/liter) ^4/	0.43	0.49	0.56	0.69	0.95
Kerosene (baht per liter)		8.70	10.02	11.17	11.70	10.97

Source: Data provided by the National Energy Policy Office (NEPO)

^{^1/}Annual average of monthly prices.

^{^2/}Average price of electricity sold (MEA, PEA) including VAT.

^{^3/}Retail price for Bangkok; 1995 column reports the price of fuel oil grade 2 (1,500).

^{^4/}Since 1993, tax rate of fuel oil is 17 percent of ex-refinery value.

^{^5/}Average price, Jan - August 1999

Table 22.

Thailand: Selected Energy Prices, 1994-99 ^1/

		1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^5/
Average import price of crude oil (baht/barrel)		16.34	19.09	18.55	12.09	15.31
	Index (1994= 100)	108.1	126.3	122-7	80.0	101.3
Electricity (baht/kwh) ^2/		1.93	2-00	2.15	2-38	2.05
	Index (1994= 100)	160.4	110.1	118.0	131.1	112.9
Premium gasoline (baht/liter) ^3/		8-87	9.23	10.48	11.86	11.47
	Index (1994 =100)	105.7	110.0	124.9	141.4	136.7
	Tax (baht/liter)	2.59	2.60	2.70	3.78	4.02
High-speed diesel (baht/liter) ^3/		7.60	8.60	9.49	9.19	8.48
	Index (1994- 100)	102.8	116.4	128.4	124.4	114.7
	Tax (baht/liter)	2.20	2.27	2.34	2.44	2.50
Fuel oil (baht/liter) ^3/		4.05	4.52	5.34	6.42	5.76
	Index (1994= 100)	96.9	108.1	127.8	153.6	137.8
	Tax (baht/liter) ^4/	0.43	0.49	0.56	0.69	0.95
Kerosene (baht per liter)		8.70	10.02	11.17	11.70	10.97

Source: Data provided by the National Energy Policy Office (NEPO)

^{^1/}Annual average of monthly prices.

^{^2/}Average price of electricity sold (MEA, PEA) including VAT.

^{^3/}Retail price for Bangkok; 1995 column reports the price of fuel oil grade 2 (1,500).

^{^4/}Since 1993, tax rate of fuel oil is 17 percent of ex-refinery value.

^{^5/}Average price, Jan - August 1999

Table 23.

Thailand: Central Government Fiscal Accounts, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding costs of financial sector restructuring.

^{^2/}As recorded m the monetary survey.

Table 23.

Thailand: Central Government Fiscal Accounts, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
			(In billions of baht)
Total revenue and grants			563.3	659.0	783.2	876.1	873.4	758.1
	Revenue		560-2	655.1	779.4	873.0	870.4	753.6
		Tax	504.9	593.6	708.2	792.4	777.5	668.8
		Nontax	55.3	61.5	73.2	80.6	92.9	84.8
	Grants		3.6	3.9	3.8	3.1	3.0	4.5
Total expenditure and net lending			500.4	598.1	662.7	767.9	915.4	872.2
	Current expenditure		358.5	393.0	442.8	485.3	530.6	535.5
	Capital expenditure		140.0	194.4	220.4	272.7	371.1	318.8
	Net lending		1.9	10.7	-0.5	9.9	137	17.9
Overall balance			63.4	60.9	120.5	108.2	-42.0	-114.1
Financing			-63.4	-60.9	-120.5	-108.2	42.0	114.1
	External		3.6	7.5	7,5	2.9	10.2	60.7
	Domestic		-67.0	-68.4	-128.0	-111.1	31.8	53.4
		Bank ^2/	-64.6	-56.9	-99.5	-128.8	98.4	204.6
		Nonbank	-14.3	-28.5	-25.2	-0.2	-53.8	134.9
		Floal	11.9	17.0	-3,3	17.9	-12.8	-286.1
			(In percent of fiscal-year GDP)
Total revenue and grants			18.3	18.7	19.3	19.5	18.6	16.2
	Revenue		18.2	18.6	19.3	194	18.5	16.1
		Tax	164	16.9	17.5	17.6	16.5	14.3
		Nontax	1.8	1.7	1,8	1.8	2.0	1.8
	Grants		0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total expenditure and net lending			16.2	17.0	16.4	17.1	19.5	18.7
	Current expenditure		11.6	11.2	109	10.8	11.3	11.5
	Capital expenditure		4.5	5.5	5.4	6.1	7.9	6.8
	Net lending		0.1	0.3	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.4
Overall balance			2.1	1.7	3.0	2.4	-0.9	-2.4
Financing			-2.1	-1.7	-3.0	-2.4	0.9	2.4
	External		0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	1.3
	Domestic		-2.2	-1.9	-3.2	-2.5	0.7	1.1
		Bank ^2/	-2.1	-1.6	-2.5	-2.9	2.1	4.4
		Nonbank	-0.5	-0.8	-0.6	0.0	-1.1	2.9
		Float	0.4	0.5	-0.1	0.4	-0.3	-6.1
Memorandum item;
		Fiscal year GDP	3,085.4	3,518.4	4,047.8	4,502.8	4,699.6	4,669.5

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding costs of financial sector restructuring.

^{^2/}As recorded m the monetary survey.

Table 23.

Thailand: Central Government Fiscal Accounts, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
			(In billions of baht)
Total revenue and grants			563.3	659.0	783.2	876.1	873.4	758.1
	Revenue		560-2	655.1	779.4	873.0	870.4	753.6
		Tax	504.9	593.6	708.2	792.4	777.5	668.8
		Nontax	55.3	61.5	73.2	80.6	92.9	84.8
	Grants		3.6	3.9	3.8	3.1	3.0	4.5
Total expenditure and net lending			500.4	598.1	662.7	767.9	915.4	872.2
	Current expenditure		358.5	393.0	442.8	485.3	530.6	535.5
	Capital expenditure		140.0	194.4	220.4	272.7	371.1	318.8
	Net lending		1.9	10.7	-0.5	9.9	137	17.9
Overall balance			63.4	60.9	120.5	108.2	-42.0	-114.1
Financing			-63.4	-60.9	-120.5	-108.2	42.0	114.1
	External		3.6	7.5	7,5	2.9	10.2	60.7
	Domestic		-67.0	-68.4	-128.0	-111.1	31.8	53.4
		Bank ^2/	-64.6	-56.9	-99.5	-128.8	98.4	204.6
		Nonbank	-14.3	-28.5	-25.2	-0.2	-53.8	134.9
		Floal	11.9	17.0	-3,3	17.9	-12.8	-286.1
			(In percent of fiscal-year GDP)
Total revenue and grants			18.3	18.7	19.3	19.5	18.6	16.2
	Revenue		18.2	18.6	19.3	194	18.5	16.1
		Tax	164	16.9	17.5	17.6	16.5	14.3
		Nontax	1.8	1.7	1,8	1.8	2.0	1.8
	Grants		0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total expenditure and net lending			16.2	17.0	16.4	17.1	19.5	18.7
	Current expenditure		11.6	11.2	109	10.8	11.3	11.5
	Capital expenditure		4.5	5.5	5.4	6.1	7.9	6.8
	Net lending		0.1	0.3	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.4
Overall balance			2.1	1.7	3.0	2.4	-0.9	-2.4
Financing			-2.1	-1.7	-3.0	-2.4	0.9	2.4
	External		0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	1.3
	Domestic		-2.2	-1.9	-3.2	-2.5	0.7	1.1
		Bank ^2/	-2.1	-1.6	-2.5	-2.9	2.1	4.4
		Nonbank	-0.5	-0.8	-0.6	0.0	-1.1	2.9
		Float	0.4	0.5	-0.1	0.4	-0.3	-6.1
Memorandum item;
		Fiscal year GDP	3,085.4	3,518.4	4,047.8	4,502.8	4,699.6	4,669.5

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding costs of financial sector restructuring.

^{^2/}As recorded m the monetary survey.

Table 24.

Thailand: Central Government Revenue and Grants, 1992/93-1997/98

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Prior to FY1994/95, the petroleum income tax is included in the corporate and specific business tax.

Table 24.

Thailand: Central Government Revenue and Grants, 1992/93-1997/98

(In billions of baht)

						1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
Total revenue and grants						563.8	659.0	783.2	876.1	873.4	758.1
	Total revenue					560.2	655.1	779.4	873.0	870.4	753.6
		Tax revenue				504.9	593.6	708.2	792.4	777.5	668.8
			Taxes on income and profits			159.1	199.4	241.8	277.7	276.2	214.9
				Personal		54.2	64.7	83.1	105.3	111.5	118.9
				Corporate		104.9	134.7	155.5	169.0	159.4	90.8
				Petroleum income tax ^1/		…	…	3.2	3.4	5.3	5.3
			Taxes on property			13.2	16.1	16.3	13.5	9.5	5.1
			Taxes on consumption			212.5	248.7	295.6	349.2	353.1	354.3
				Business tax/VAT		92.9	114.4	114.5	148.4	139.0	162.7
				Specific business tax ^1/		…	…	27.3	32.6	33.0	34.0
				Excise taxes		119.6	134.3	153.8	168.2	181.1	157.6
					Beer and spirits	21.7	28.5	34.5	38.5	43.7	39.4
					Tobacco	15.3	19.3	20.5	23.8	29.5	25.5
					Petroleum products	43.0	43.3	53.0	60.4	66.3	68.1
					Motor cars	33.9	36.5	37.8	37.0	32.0	8.9
					Other	5.7	67	8.0	8.5	9.6	15.7
			Profits on tobacco monopoly			2.9	3.0	3.9	0.0	7.1	1.9
			Taxes on international trade			103.8	115.2	128.2	127.7	105.2	67.8
				Import duties		102.5	113.8	1267	126.2	103.6	66.1
				Export duties		1.3	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.7
			License fees and other taxes			13.4	11.2	22.4	24.3	26.4	24.8
		Nontax revenue				55.3	61.5	71.2	80.6	92.9	84.8
			Profits			33.8	40.3	41.2	45.5	55.7	44.3
				State lottery		4.2	4.3	4.3	4.0	4.7	7.3
				Bank of Thailand		9.6	10.3	10.2	10.4	14.5	0.0
				State enterprises		20.0	25.7	26.7	31.1	36.5	37.0
			Other			21.5	21.2	30.0	35.1	37.2	40.5
	Grants					3.6	3.9	3.8	3.1	3.0	4.5

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Prior to FY1994/95, the petroleum income tax is included in the corporate and specific business tax.

Table 24.

Thailand: Central Government Revenue and Grants, 1992/93-1997/98

(In billions of baht)

						1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
Total revenue and grants						563.8	659.0	783.2	876.1	873.4	758.1
	Total revenue					560.2	655.1	779.4	873.0	870.4	753.6
		Tax revenue				504.9	593.6	708.2	792.4	777.5	668.8
			Taxes on income and profits			159.1	199.4	241.8	277.7	276.2	214.9
				Personal		54.2	64.7	83.1	105.3	111.5	118.9
				Corporate		104.9	134.7	155.5	169.0	159.4	90.8
				Petroleum income tax ^1/		…	…	3.2	3.4	5.3	5.3
			Taxes on property			13.2	16.1	16.3	13.5	9.5	5.1
			Taxes on consumption			212.5	248.7	295.6	349.2	353.1	354.3
				Business tax/VAT		92.9	114.4	114.5	148.4	139.0	162.7
				Specific business tax ^1/		…	…	27.3	32.6	33.0	34.0
				Excise taxes		119.6	134.3	153.8	168.2	181.1	157.6
					Beer and spirits	21.7	28.5	34.5	38.5	43.7	39.4
					Tobacco	15.3	19.3	20.5	23.8	29.5	25.5
					Petroleum products	43.0	43.3	53.0	60.4	66.3	68.1
					Motor cars	33.9	36.5	37.8	37.0	32.0	8.9
					Other	5.7	67	8.0	8.5	9.6	15.7
			Profits on tobacco monopoly			2.9	3.0	3.9	0.0	7.1	1.9
			Taxes on international trade			103.8	115.2	128.2	127.7	105.2	67.8
				Import duties		102.5	113.8	1267	126.2	103.6	66.1
				Export duties		1.3	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.7
			License fees and other taxes			13.4	11.2	22.4	24.3	26.4	24.8
		Nontax revenue				55.3	61.5	71.2	80.6	92.9	84.8
			Profits			33.8	40.3	41.2	45.5	55.7	44.3
				State lottery		4.2	4.3	4.3	4.0	4.7	7.3
				Bank of Thailand		9.6	10.3	10.2	10.4	14.5	0.0
				State enterprises		20.0	25.7	26.7	31.1	36.5	37.0
			Other			21.5	21.2	30.0	35.1	37.2	40.5
	Grants					3.6	3.9	3.8	3.1	3.0	4.5

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Prior to FY1994/95, the petroleum income tax is included in the corporate and specific business tax.

Table 25.

Thailand: Central Government Expenditure by Economic Classification, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding costs for financial sector restructuring.

^{^2/}Includes remuneration, annual salary adjustments, overtime, and travel expenses.

^{^3/}Includes pensions.

Table 25.

Thailand: Central Government Expenditure by Economic Classification, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
Total expenditure and net lending			500.4	598.1	662.7	767.9	915.4	872.2
Total expenditure			498.5	587.4	663.2	758.0	901.7	854.3
Current expenditure			358.5	393.0	442.8	485.3	530.6	535.5
	Wages and salaries ^2/		170.9	183.6	223.0	241.6	262.3	281.1
	Interest		24.9	21.9	14.0	10.2	15.3	8.7
	Other goods and services		129.0	145.5	156.3	179.5	193.1	180.6
	Subsidies and current transfers		33.7	42.0	49.5	54.0	59.9	65.1
		Local government	7.5	8.6	5.7	6.0	6.3	68
		Public enterprises	3.9	5.4	5.2	7.8	8.6	12.5
		Households and others ^3/	22.3	28.0	38.6	40.2	45.0	45.8
Capital expenditure			140.0	194.4	220.4	272.7	371.1	318.8
	Acquisition of fixed assets		122.5	179.4	206.9	239.1	334.5	278.0
	Capital transfers		17.5	15.0	13.5	33.6	36.6	40.8
		Local government	5.4	7.0	5.4	19.6	23.6	24.4
		Public enterprises	10.3	6.4	5.0	9.3	9.8	12.8
		Households and others	1.8	1.6	3.1	4.7	3.2	3.6
Net lending			1.9	10.7	-0.5	9.9	13.7	17.9

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding costs for financial sector restructuring.

^{^2/}Includes remuneration, annual salary adjustments, overtime, and travel expenses.

^{^3/}Includes pensions.

Table 25.

Thailand: Central Government Expenditure by Economic Classification, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
Total expenditure and net lending			500.4	598.1	662.7	767.9	915.4	872.2
Total expenditure			498.5	587.4	663.2	758.0	901.7	854.3
Current expenditure			358.5	393.0	442.8	485.3	530.6	535.5
	Wages and salaries ^2/		170.9	183.6	223.0	241.6	262.3	281.1
	Interest		24.9	21.9	14.0	10.2	15.3	8.7
	Other goods and services		129.0	145.5	156.3	179.5	193.1	180.6
	Subsidies and current transfers		33.7	42.0	49.5	54.0	59.9	65.1
		Local government	7.5	8.6	5.7	6.0	6.3	68
		Public enterprises	3.9	5.4	5.2	7.8	8.6	12.5
		Households and others ^3/	22.3	28.0	38.6	40.2	45.0	45.8
Capital expenditure			140.0	194.4	220.4	272.7	371.1	318.8
	Acquisition of fixed assets		122.5	179.4	206.9	239.1	334.5	278.0
	Capital transfers		17.5	15.0	13.5	33.6	36.6	40.8
		Local government	5.4	7.0	5.4	19.6	23.6	24.4
		Public enterprises	10.3	6.4	5.0	9.3	9.8	12.8
		Households and others	1.8	1.6	3.1	4.7	3.2	3.6
Net lending			1.9	10.7	-0.5	9.9	13.7	17.9

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding costs for financial sector restructuring.

^{^2/}Includes remuneration, annual salary adjustments, overtime, and travel expenses.

^{^3/}Includes pensions.

Table 26.

Thailand: Central Government Expenditure, Classified by Purpose, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding costs of financial sector restreturing.

Table 26.

Thailand: Central Government Expenditure, Classified by Purpose, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

				1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
Total expenditure				498.5	587.4	663.2	758.0	901.7	854.3
Current expenditure				358.5	393.0	442.8	485.3	530.6	543.0
	General public services			23.0	25.5	25.4	32.2	32.7	31.1
	Defense			79.8	88.3	90.0	91.6	98.3	84.3
	Public order and safety			24.7	27.4	34.7	39.3	40.7	41.6
	Education			89.1	98.7	121.5	133.1	146.4	155.7
	Health			34.8	39.2	41.2	48.4	51.7	55.9
	Social security and welfare			20.7	24.6	24.0	28.2	33.3	34.8
	Housing and community amenities			6.2	7.7	5.8	6.6	6.3	6.0
	Recreational, cultural, and religious			2.4	3.3	3.8	4.8	5.0	5.8
	Economic services			37.9	41.2	52.7	61.2	62.7	62.3
		Fuel and energy		0.8	0.9	-2.3	2.3	2.4	4.2
		Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries		23.6	25.6	33.2	37.9	39.1	30.7
		Mining and mineral		1.4	1.6	2.3	2.6	3.0	3.3
		Transportation and communication		6.3	7.4	8.2	9.6	9.7	14.0
			Road transport	3.6	4.0	4.1	5.1	5.3	9.3
			Water transport	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4
			Railway and other transport	2.3	2.9	1.8	2.1	1.8	1.9
			Communication	0.3	0.3	2.0	2.0	2.3	2.4
		Other		5.8	5.7	6.7	8.8	8.5	10.1
	Other			39.9	37.1	43.7	39.9	53.5	65.5
		Interest payments		24.9	21.9	14.0	10.2	15.3	8.7
			Domestic	20.3	16.8	10.3	6.2	11.4	1.7
			External	4.6	5.1	3.7	4.0	3.9	7.0
		Unclassified		15.0	15.2	29.7	29.7	38.2	56.8
Capital expenditure				140.0	194.4	220.4	272.7	371.1	311.3
	General public services			5.5	6.9	4.6	10.1	11.5	8.9
	Public order and safety			4.2	6.5	5.3	7.4	10.2	10.7
	Education			16.2	22.5	23.4	25.9	48.5	41.8
	Health			5.8	10.8	11.5	13.4	25.6	22.4
	Housing and community amenities			11.2	18.7	25.2	34.2	45.5	34.6
	Recreational, cultural, and religious			1.7	2.6	3.8	2.9	7.7	77
	Economic services			93.9	123.7	139.8	167.2	210.2	179.7
		Fuel and energy		1.5	1.7	1.0	0.7	1.0	1.4
		Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries		35.2	45.1	41.5	40.5	44.2	33.0
		Mining and mineral		1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.4	0.9
		Transportation and communication		48.5	66.0	81.1	100.1	133.4	121.8
			Road transport	43.9	60.6	76.0	95.5	123.6	109.0
			Water transport	1.6	2.0	0.7	0.8	2.2	3.8
			Railway and other transport	2.9	3.2	3.6	3.1	6.4	8.3
			Communication	0.1	0.2	0.8	0.7	1.2	0.7
		Other		7.7	10.0	15.2	24.9	30.2	22.6
	Other			1.5	2.7	6,8	11.6	11.9	5.5

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding costs of financial sector restreturing.

Table 26.

Thailand: Central Government Expenditure, Classified by Purpose, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

				1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
Total expenditure				498.5	587.4	663.2	758.0	901.7	854.3
Current expenditure				358.5	393.0	442.8	485.3	530.6	543.0
	General public services			23.0	25.5	25.4	32.2	32.7	31.1
	Defense			79.8	88.3	90.0	91.6	98.3	84.3
	Public order and safety			24.7	27.4	34.7	39.3	40.7	41.6
	Education			89.1	98.7	121.5	133.1	146.4	155.7
	Health			34.8	39.2	41.2	48.4	51.7	55.9
	Social security and welfare			20.7	24.6	24.0	28.2	33.3	34.8
	Housing and community amenities			6.2	7.7	5.8	6.6	6.3	6.0
	Recreational, cultural, and religious			2.4	3.3	3.8	4.8	5.0	5.8
	Economic services			37.9	41.2	52.7	61.2	62.7	62.3
		Fuel and energy		0.8	0.9	-2.3	2.3	2.4	4.2
		Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries		23.6	25.6	33.2	37.9	39.1	30.7
		Mining and mineral		1.4	1.6	2.3	2.6	3.0	3.3
		Transportation and communication		6.3	7.4	8.2	9.6	9.7	14.0
			Road transport	3.6	4.0	4.1	5.1	5.3	9.3
			Water transport	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4
			Railway and other transport	2.3	2.9	1.8	2.1	1.8	1.9
			Communication	0.3	0.3	2.0	2.0	2.3	2.4
		Other		5.8	5.7	6.7	8.8	8.5	10.1
	Other			39.9	37.1	43.7	39.9	53.5	65.5
		Interest payments		24.9	21.9	14.0	10.2	15.3	8.7
			Domestic	20.3	16.8	10.3	6.2	11.4	1.7
			External	4.6	5.1	3.7	4.0	3.9	7.0
		Unclassified		15.0	15.2	29.7	29.7	38.2	56.8
Capital expenditure				140.0	194.4	220.4	272.7	371.1	311.3
	General public services			5.5	6.9	4.6	10.1	11.5	8.9
	Public order and safety			4.2	6.5	5.3	7.4	10.2	10.7
	Education			16.2	22.5	23.4	25.9	48.5	41.8
	Health			5.8	10.8	11.5	13.4	25.6	22.4
	Housing and community amenities			11.2	18.7	25.2	34.2	45.5	34.6
	Recreational, cultural, and religious			1.7	2.6	3.8	2.9	7.7	77
	Economic services			93.9	123.7	139.8	167.2	210.2	179.7
		Fuel and energy		1.5	1.7	1.0	0.7	1.0	1.4
		Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries		35.2	45.1	41.5	40.5	44.2	33.0
		Mining and mineral		1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.4	0.9
		Transportation and communication		48.5	66.0	81.1	100.1	133.4	121.8
			Road transport	43.9	60.6	76.0	95.5	123.6	109.0
			Water transport	1.6	2.0	0.7	0.8	2.2	3.8
			Railway and other transport	2.9	3.2	3.6	3.1	6.4	8.3
			Communication	0.1	0.2	0.8	0.7	1.2	0.7
		Other		7.7	10.0	15.2	24.9	30.2	22.6
	Other			1.5	2.7	6,8	11.6	11.9	5.5

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Excluding costs of financial sector restreturing.

Table 27.

Thailand: Government Debt, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}As of end of the fiscal year.

Table 27.

Thailand: Government Debt, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
Total central government debt			270-0	224.6	195.3	175.4	218.6	476.1
	(In percent of fiscal year GDP)		(8.8)	(6.4)	(4.8)	(3.9)	(4.7)	(10.2)
	Central government domestic debt		164.0	110.4	74.6	50.3	35.5	227.2
		Bank of Thailand	217	8.2	3.8	2.5	3.6	54.5
		Commercial banks	56.0	44.5	32.9	12.5	8.1	96.0
		Government Savings Bank	62.7	407	29.8	29.2	20.0	27.5
		Other financial institutions	18.2	13.3	7.0	5.1	2.9	37.8
		Other	5.4	3.7	1.1	1.0	0.9	11.4
	Central Government external debt		106.0	114.2	120.7	125.1	183.1	248.9
Memorandum items:
	Government guaranteed external debt		233.0	251.4	266.2	268.7	382.9	416.6
	Central government and government-guaranteed external debt (US$ billion)		13.4	14.6	15.4	15.4	15.5	17.0

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}As of end of the fiscal year.

Table 27.

Thailand: Government Debt, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
Total central government debt			270-0	224.6	195.3	175.4	218.6	476.1
	(In percent of fiscal year GDP)		(8.8)	(6.4)	(4.8)	(3.9)	(4.7)	(10.2)
	Central government domestic debt		164.0	110.4	74.6	50.3	35.5	227.2
		Bank of Thailand	217	8.2	3.8	2.5	3.6	54.5
		Commercial banks	56.0	44.5	32.9	12.5	8.1	96.0
		Government Savings Bank	62.7	407	29.8	29.2	20.0	27.5
		Other financial institutions	18.2	13.3	7.0	5.1	2.9	37.8
		Other	5.4	3.7	1.1	1.0	0.9	11.4
	Central Government external debt		106.0	114.2	120.7	125.1	183.1	248.9
Memorandum items:
	Government guaranteed external debt		233.0	251.4	266.2	268.7	382.9	416.6
	Central government and government-guaranteed external debt (US$ billion)		13.4	14.6	15.4	15.4	15.5	17.0

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}As of end of the fiscal year.

Table 28.

Thailand: Accounts of Nonfinancial State Enterprises, 1992/93-1997/98

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Defined as net operating profits (which include current transfers from the central government) plus capital transfers from the central government, plus depreciation, plus accounting losses arising from devaluation less revaluation gains, less dividend payments and bonuses, plus other receipts (net).

^{^2/}As recorded in the monetary survey.

^{^3/}Include changes in working capital, equity, other financial assets, and borrowing from the Government Savings Bank and other nonbank sources.

Table 28.

Thailand: Accounts of Nonfinancial State Enterprises, 1992/93-1997/98

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
			(In billions of baht)
Retained income ^1/			87.9	108.8	132.2	143.6	117.1	133.6
Capital expenditure			127.7	122.0	148.1	137.1	178.7	197.8
Overall balance (deficit -)			-39.8	-13.2	-15.9	6.5	-61.6	-64.2
Financing			39.8	13.2	15.9	-6.5	61.6	64.2
	External financing (net)		-0.8	1.3	9.4	12.9	4,6	-10.9
	Domestic financing (net)		40.6	11.9	6.5	-19.4	57.0	75.1
		Banking system ^2/	21.7	6.4	-10.4	-16.6	67.1	34.2
		Central government	2.5	14.3	9.2	5.7	2.0	-3.2
		Others ^3/	16.4	-8.8	7.7	-8.5	-12.1	44.1
			(In percent of fiscal-year GDP)
Retained income ^1/			2.8	3.1	3.3	3.2	2.5	2.9
Capital expenditure			4.1	3.5	3.7	3.0	3.8	4.2
Overall balance (deficit -)			-1.3	-0.4	-0.4	0.1	-1.3	-1.4
Financing			1.3	0,4	0.4	-0.1	1.3	1.4
	External financing (net)		0.0	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.2
	Domestic financing (net)		1.3	0.3	0.2	-0.4	1.2	1.6
		Banking system ^2/	0.7	0.2	-0.3	-0.4	1.4	0.7
		Central government	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.1
		Others ^3/	0.5	-0.3	0.2	-0.2	-0.3	0.9

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^2/}As recorded in the monetary survey.

^{^3/}Include changes in working capital, equity, other financial assets, and borrowing from the Government Savings Bank and other nonbank sources.

Table 28.

Thailand: Accounts of Nonfinancial State Enterprises, 1992/93-1997/98

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
			(In billions of baht)
Retained income ^1/			87.9	108.8	132.2	143.6	117.1	133.6
Capital expenditure			127.7	122.0	148.1	137.1	178.7	197.8
Overall balance (deficit -)			-39.8	-13.2	-15.9	6.5	-61.6	-64.2
Financing			39.8	13.2	15.9	-6.5	61.6	64.2
	External financing (net)		-0.8	1.3	9.4	12.9	4,6	-10.9
	Domestic financing (net)		40.6	11.9	6.5	-19.4	57.0	75.1
		Banking system ^2/	21.7	6.4	-10.4	-16.6	67.1	34.2
		Central government	2.5	14.3	9.2	5.7	2.0	-3.2
		Others ^3/	16.4	-8.8	7.7	-8.5	-12.1	44.1
			(In percent of fiscal-year GDP)
Retained income ^1/			2.8	3.1	3.3	3.2	2.5	2.9
Capital expenditure			4.1	3.5	3.7	3.0	3.8	4.2
Overall balance (deficit -)			-1.3	-0.4	-0.4	0.1	-1.3	-1.4
Financing			1.3	0,4	0.4	-0.1	1.3	1.4
	External financing (net)		0.0	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.2
	Domestic financing (net)		1.3	0.3	0.2	-0.4	1.2	1.6
		Banking system ^2/	0.7	0.2	-0.3	-0.4	1.4	0.7
		Central government	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.1
		Others ^3/	0.5	-0.3	0.2	-0.2	-0.3	0.9

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^2/}As recorded in the monetary survey.

^{^3/}Include changes in working capital, equity, other financial assets, and borrowing from the Government Savings Bank and other nonbank sources.

Table 29.

Thailand: Operating Profits/Losses of Nonfinancial State Enterprises, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}After corporate income tax.

^{^2/}Includes Airport Authority of Thailand.

Table 29.

Thailand: Operating Profits/Losses of Nonfinancial State Enterprises, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
Total			69.5	75.3	88.3	103.4	66.5	87.3
	Power		32.3	35.0	44.8	53.7	16.0	48.7
		Electricity Generating Authority	11.4	12.0	19.0	27.1	12.8	20.3
		Metropolitan Electricity Authority	2.7	3.3	4.5	4.8	4.1	2.7
		Provincial Electricity Authority	9.8	11.4	12.0	12.0	9.1	11.5
		Petroleum Authority	7.7	7.5	7.5	7.7	-3.2	11.7
		Other	0.9	0.8	1.8	2.1	-6.8	2.5
	Transport and Communication		24.6	27.3	31.0	37.1	38.4	26.9
		Thai Airways International	0.0	3.1	3.2	3.4	2.8	3.7
		Expressway and Rapid Transit Authority	1.0	0.0	0.5	0.6	0.6	0
		State Railways of Thailand	-1.4	-0.7	-1.5	-1.6	-1.8	-2.9
		Bangkok Mass Transit Authority	-0.6	-0.9	-1.8	-2.1	-2.5	-2.8
		Port Authority of Thailand	2.8	3.2	3.6	2.9	2.3	1.7
		Telephone Organization	12.8	11.8	15.5	21.0	22.2	13.7
		Communication Authority of Thailand	5.5	5.9	6.9	7.5	9.2	7.4
		Others ^2/	4.5	4.9	4.6	5.4	5.6	6.1
	Manufacturing		4.5	5.4	5.4	5.7	6.3	6.7
		Tobacco Monopoly	3.7	4.5	4.3	4.7	5.5	5.7
		Others	0.8	0.9	1,1	1.0	0.8	1.0
	Agriculture		-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.3	-0.4
	Government Lottery Bureau		4.5	4.5	4.6	4.8	4.8	4.8
	Others		3.7	3.3	2.7	2.2	1.3	0.6

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}After corporate income tax.

^{^2/}Includes Airport Authority of Thailand.

Table 29.

Thailand: Operating Profits/Losses of Nonfinancial State Enterprises, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
Total			69.5	75.3	88.3	103.4	66.5	87.3
	Power		32.3	35.0	44.8	53.7	16.0	48.7
		Electricity Generating Authority	11.4	12.0	19.0	27.1	12.8	20.3
		Metropolitan Electricity Authority	2.7	3.3	4.5	4.8	4.1	2.7
		Provincial Electricity Authority	9.8	11.4	12.0	12.0	9.1	11.5
		Petroleum Authority	7.7	7.5	7.5	7.7	-3.2	11.7
		Other	0.9	0.8	1.8	2.1	-6.8	2.5
	Transport and Communication		24.6	27.3	31.0	37.1	38.4	26.9
		Thai Airways International	0.0	3.1	3.2	3.4	2.8	3.7
		Expressway and Rapid Transit Authority	1.0	0.0	0.5	0.6	0.6	0
		State Railways of Thailand	-1.4	-0.7	-1.5	-1.6	-1.8	-2.9
		Bangkok Mass Transit Authority	-0.6	-0.9	-1.8	-2.1	-2.5	-2.8
		Port Authority of Thailand	2.8	3.2	3.6	2.9	2.3	1.7
		Telephone Organization	12.8	11.8	15.5	21.0	22.2	13.7
		Communication Authority of Thailand	5.5	5.9	6.9	7.5	9.2	7.4
		Others ^2/	4.5	4.9	4.6	5.4	5.6	6.1
	Manufacturing		4.5	5.4	5.4	5.7	6.3	6.7
		Tobacco Monopoly	3.7	4.5	4.3	4.7	5.5	5.7
		Others	0.8	0.9	1,1	1.0	0.8	1.0
	Agriculture		-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.3	-0.4
	Government Lottery Bureau		4.5	4.5	4.6	4.8	4.8	4.8
	Others		3.7	3.3	2.7	2.2	1.3	0.6

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}After corporate income tax.

^{^2/}Includes Airport Authority of Thailand.

Table 30.

Thailand: Gross Fixed Capital Expenditure of Nonfinancial State Enterprises, 1992/93-1997/98

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by Thai authorities

^{^1/}Includes irrigation expenditure implemented by EGAT.

^{^2/}Includes the Bangkok Mass Transit Authority and others.

^{^3/}Includes Thai Tobacco Monopoly, Thai Plywood Company, Thai Mining Organization, and Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand.

^{^4/}Includes Forest Industry Organization and Rubber Estate Organization.

Table 30.

Thailand: Gross Fixed Capital Expenditure of Nonfinancial State Enterprises, 1992/93-1997/98

(In billions of baht)

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
Total			127.7	122.0	14S.1	137.1	178.7	197.8
	Power		55.7	53.9	66.3	65.3	89.2	107.6
		Electricity Generating Authority ^1/	31.8	27.6	30.6	28.4	34.1	47.6
		Metropolitan Electricity Authority	4.3	5.3	5.6	6.7	10.5	10.6
		Provincial Electricity Authority	8.1	9.3	12.0	13.7	22.0	21.6
		Petroleum Authority	6.8	7.4	14.5	10.3	12.0	14.8
		Other	4.7	4.3	3.6	6.2	10.6	13.0
	Transport and communications		59.8	53.2	65.5	54.9	66.9	69.8
		Thai Airways International	13.2	12.8	23.0	15.7	17.0	9.9
		Airports Authority of Thailand	2.6	2.8	4.3	3.9	2.4	1.5
		Expressway and Rapid Transit Authority	25.3	16.2	13.0	9.3	15.3	9.8
		Metropolitan Rapid Transit	0.1	1.8	2.8	1.5	4.3	14.9
		State Railways of Thailand	5.0	5.1	4.7	4.9	3.2	5.2
		Port Authority of Thailand	1.4	0.3	1.0	1.1	1.2	3.8
		Telephone Organization	7.6	8.5	5.6	6.8	13.9	14.7
		Communication Authority of Thailand	3.2	4.7	6.9	5.5	6.5	6.5
		Others ^2/	1.4	1.0	4.2	6.2	3.1	3.5
	Manufacturing ^3/		1.1	2.0	2.1	1.5	1.4	4.6
	Agriculture ^4/		0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
	Others		10.9	12.7	14.0	15.1	20.9	15.5
		National Housing Authority	4.7	3.3	4.3	6.0	8.8	4.1
		Metropolitan Water Works Authority	4.1	4.0	5.3	5.3	6.3	6.0
		Provincial Water Works Authority	2.0	3.9	4.1	3.6	5.5	5.1
		Others	0.1	1.5	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3

Source: Data provided by Thai authorities

^{^1/}Includes irrigation expenditure implemented by EGAT.

^{^2/}Includes the Bangkok Mass Transit Authority and others.

^{^3/}Includes Thai Tobacco Monopoly, Thai Plywood Company, Thai Mining Organization, and Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand.

^{^4/}Includes Forest Industry Organization and Rubber Estate Organization.

Table 30.

Thailand: Gross Fixed Capital Expenditure of Nonfinancial State Enterprises, 1992/93-1997/98

(In billions of baht)

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
Total			127.7	122.0	14S.1	137.1	178.7	197.8
	Power		55.7	53.9	66.3	65.3	89.2	107.6
		Electricity Generating Authority ^1/	31.8	27.6	30.6	28.4	34.1	47.6
		Metropolitan Electricity Authority	4.3	5.3	5.6	6.7	10.5	10.6
		Provincial Electricity Authority	8.1	9.3	12.0	13.7	22.0	21.6
		Petroleum Authority	6.8	7.4	14.5	10.3	12.0	14.8
		Other	4.7	4.3	3.6	6.2	10.6	13.0
	Transport and communications		59.8	53.2	65.5	54.9	66.9	69.8
		Thai Airways International	13.2	12.8	23.0	15.7	17.0	9.9
		Airports Authority of Thailand	2.6	2.8	4.3	3.9	2.4	1.5
		Expressway and Rapid Transit Authority	25.3	16.2	13.0	9.3	15.3	9.8
		Metropolitan Rapid Transit	0.1	1.8	2.8	1.5	4.3	14.9
		State Railways of Thailand	5.0	5.1	4.7	4.9	3.2	5.2
		Port Authority of Thailand	1.4	0.3	1.0	1.1	1.2	3.8
		Telephone Organization	7.6	8.5	5.6	6.8	13.9	14.7
		Communication Authority of Thailand	3.2	4.7	6.9	5.5	6.5	6.5
		Others ^2/	1.4	1.0	4.2	6.2	3.1	3.5
	Manufacturing ^3/		1.1	2.0	2.1	1.5	1.4	4.6
	Agriculture ^4/		0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
	Others		10.9	12.7	14.0	15.1	20.9	15.5
		National Housing Authority	4.7	3.3	4.3	6.0	8.8	4.1
		Metropolitan Water Works Authority	4.1	4.0	5.3	5.3	6.3	6.0
		Provincial Water Works Authority	2.0	3.9	4.1	3.6	5.5	5.1
		Others	0.1	1.5	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3

Source: Data provided by Thai authorities

^{^1/}Includes irrigation expenditure implemented by EGAT.

^{^2/}Includes the Bangkok Mass Transit Authority and others.

^{^3/}Includes Thai Tobacco Monopoly, Thai Plywood Company, Thai Mining Organization, and Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand.

^{^4/}Includes Forest Industry Organization and Rubber Estate Organization.

Table 31.

Thailand: Summary of Local Government Operations, 1992/93-1997/98

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 31.

Thailand: Summary of Local Government Operations, 1992/93-1997/98

		1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
		(In billions of baht)
Total revenue and grants		43.2	50.0	54.5	83.7	94.5	100.4
	Taxes and other revenue	34-4	39.4	43.4	58.1	64.6	69.2
	Transfers from central government	8.8	10.6	11.1	25.6	29.9	31.2
Total expenditure		40.3	47.5	52.1	77.8	89.1	74.5
	Current expenditure	22.0	23.3	27.7	31.5	35.4	30.7
	Capital expenditure	18.3	24.2	24.4	46.3	53.7	43.8
Overall balance		2.9	2.5	2.4	5.9	5.4	25.9
Overall balance excluding transfers from the central government		-5.9	-8.1	-8.7	-19.7	-24.5	-5.3
		(In percent of fiscal-year GDP)
Total revenue and grants		1.4	1.4	1.3	1.9	2.0	2.2
	Taxes and other revenue	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.5
	Transfers from central government	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.6	0.7
Total expenditure		1.3	1.4	1.3	1.7	1.9	1.6
	Current expenditure	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7
	Capital expenditure	0.6	0.7	0.6	1.0	1.1	0.9
Overall balance		0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.6
Overall balance excluding transfers from the central government		-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4	-0.5	-0.1

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 31.

Thailand: Summary of Local Government Operations, 1992/93-1997/98

		1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
		(In billions of baht)
Total revenue and grants		43.2	50.0	54.5	83.7	94.5	100.4
	Taxes and other revenue	34-4	39.4	43.4	58.1	64.6	69.2
	Transfers from central government	8.8	10.6	11.1	25.6	29.9	31.2
Total expenditure		40.3	47.5	52.1	77.8	89.1	74.5
	Current expenditure	22.0	23.3	27.7	31.5	35.4	30.7
	Capital expenditure	18.3	24.2	24.4	46.3	53.7	43.8
Overall balance		2.9	2.5	2.4	5.9	5.4	25.9
Overall balance excluding transfers from the central government		-5.9	-8.1	-8.7	-19.7	-24.5	-5.3
		(In percent of fiscal-year GDP)
Total revenue and grants		1.4	1.4	1.3	1.9	2.0	2.2
	Taxes and other revenue	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.5
	Transfers from central government	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.6	0.7
Total expenditure		1.3	1.4	1.3	1.7	1.9	1.6
	Current expenditure	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7
	Capital expenditure	0.6	0.7	0.6	1.0	1.1	0.9
Overall balance		0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.6
Overall balance excluding transfers from the central government		-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4	-0.5	-0.1

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 32.

Thailand: Consolidated Nonfinancial Public Sector Operations, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

Source: Derived from data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}All figures based on GFS definitions, unless otherwise noted, except that expenditure and net lending data exclude financial sector restructuring costs. The fiscal year runs from October 1 to September 30. With a view to providing the consolidated amounts of the public sector, all transactions are between the central government, local governments, and state enterpriser are excluded in this rpesentation.

Table 32.

Thailand: Consolidated Nonfinancial Public Sector Operations, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
			(In billions of baht)
Public sector overall balance			33.1	69.5	116.2	126.3	-96.2	-152.4
Total revenue and grants			671.9	795.4	948.6	1.060.7	1,036.7	935.6
	Total revenue		668.3	791.5	944.8	1,057.6	1,033.7	931.1
		Central government	560.2	655.1	779.4	873.0	870.4	753.6
		Local government	34.4	39.4	43.4	38.1	64.6	69.2
		Public enterprises	73.7	97.0	122.0	126.5	98.7	108.3
	Grants to central government		3.6	3.9	3.8	3.1	3.0	4.5
Total expenditure and net lending			638.8	725.9	832.4	934.4	1,132.9	1,088.0
	Current expenditure		369.1	402.3	459.6	503.0	551.1	546.9
		Central government	347.1	379.0	431.9	471.5	515.7	516.2
		Local government	22.0	23.3	27.7	31.5	35.4	30.7
	Capital expenditure		270.3	327.2	382.5	427.2	570.1	523.2
		Central government	124.3	181.0	210.0	243.8	337.7	281.6
		Local government	18.3	24.2	24.4	46.3	53.7	43.8
		Public enterprises	127.7	122.0	148.1	137.1	178.7	197.8
	Net lending		-0.6	-3.6	-9.7	4.2	11.7	17.9
Financing (net)			-33.1	-69.5	-116.2	-126.3	96.2	152.4
	External		2.8	8.8	16.9	15.8	14.8	49.8
	Domestic		-35.9	-78.3	-133.1	-142.1	81.4	102.6
		Banking system	-44	-53.9	-121.8	-143.9	127.1	238.8
		Other	8.1	-24.4	-11.3	1.8	-45.7	-136.2
			In percent of fiscal-year GDP)
Public sector overall balance			1.1	2.0	2.9	2.8	-2.0	-3.3
Total revenue and grants			21.8	22.6	23.4	23.6	22.1	20.0
	Total revenue		21.7	22.5	23.3	23.5	22.0	19.9
		Central government	18.2	18.6	19.3	19.4	18.5	16.1
		Local government	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.5
		Public enterprises	2.4	2.8	3.0	2,8	2.1	2.3
	Grants to central government		0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0,1
Total expenditure and net lending			20.7	20.6	20.6	20.8	24.1	23.3
	Current expenditure		12.0	11.4	11.4	11.2	11.7	11.7
		Central government	11.2	10.8	10.7	10.5	11.0	11.1
		Local government	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7
	Capital expenditure		8.8	9.3	9.4	9.5	12.1	11.2
		Central government	4.0	5.1	5.2	54	7,2	6.0
		Local government	0.6	0.7	0.6	1,0	1.1	0.9
		Public enterprises	4.1	3.5	3.7	3.0	3.8	4.2
	Net lending		0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	0.2	0.4
Financing (net)			-1.1	-2.0	-2.9	-2.8	2.0	3.3
	External		0.1	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	1.1
	Domestic		-1.2	-2.2	-3.3	-3.2	1.7	2.2
		Banking system	-1.4	-1.5	-3,0	-3.2	2.7	5.1
		Other	0.3	-0,7	-0.3	0.0	-1.0	-2.9

Source: Derived from data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 32.

Thailand: Consolidated Nonfinancial Public Sector Operations, 1992/93-1997/98 ^1/

			1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96	1996/97	1997/98
			(In billions of baht)
Public sector overall balance			33.1	69.5	116.2	126.3	-96.2	-152.4
Total revenue and grants			671.9	795.4	948.6	1.060.7	1,036.7	935.6
	Total revenue		668.3	791.5	944.8	1,057.6	1,033.7	931.1
		Central government	560.2	655.1	779.4	873.0	870.4	753.6
		Local government	34.4	39.4	43.4	38.1	64.6	69.2
		Public enterprises	73.7	97.0	122.0	126.5	98.7	108.3
	Grants to central government		3.6	3.9	3.8	3.1	3.0	4.5
Total expenditure and net lending			638.8	725.9	832.4	934.4	1,132.9	1,088.0
	Current expenditure		369.1	402.3	459.6	503.0	551.1	546.9
		Central government	347.1	379.0	431.9	471.5	515.7	516.2
		Local government	22.0	23.3	27.7	31.5	35.4	30.7
	Capital expenditure		270.3	327.2	382.5	427.2	570.1	523.2
		Central government	124.3	181.0	210.0	243.8	337.7	281.6
		Local government	18.3	24.2	24.4	46.3	53.7	43.8
		Public enterprises	127.7	122.0	148.1	137.1	178.7	197.8
	Net lending		-0.6	-3.6	-9.7	4.2	11.7	17.9
Financing (net)			-33.1	-69.5	-116.2	-126.3	96.2	152.4
	External		2.8	8.8	16.9	15.8	14.8	49.8
	Domestic		-35.9	-78.3	-133.1	-142.1	81.4	102.6
		Banking system	-44	-53.9	-121.8	-143.9	127.1	238.8
		Other	8.1	-24.4	-11.3	1.8	-45.7	-136.2
			In percent of fiscal-year GDP)
Public sector overall balance			1.1	2.0	2.9	2.8	-2.0	-3.3
Total revenue and grants			21.8	22.6	23.4	23.6	22.1	20.0
	Total revenue		21.7	22.5	23.3	23.5	22.0	19.9
		Central government	18.2	18.6	19.3	19.4	18.5	16.1
		Local government	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.5
		Public enterprises	2.4	2.8	3.0	2,8	2.1	2.3
	Grants to central government		0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0,1
Total expenditure and net lending			20.7	20.6	20.6	20.8	24.1	23.3
	Current expenditure		12.0	11.4	11.4	11.2	11.7	11.7
		Central government	11.2	10.8	10.7	10.5	11.0	11.1
		Local government	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7
	Capital expenditure		8.8	9.3	9.4	9.5	12.1	11.2
		Central government	4.0	5.1	5.2	54	7,2	6.0
		Local government	0.6	0.7	0.6	1,0	1.1	0.9
		Public enterprises	4.1	3.5	3.7	3.0	3.8	4.2
	Net lending		0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	0.2	0.4
Financing (net)			-1.1	-2.0	-2.9	-2.8	2.0	3.3
	External		0.1	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	1.1
	Domestic		-1.2	-2.2	-3.3	-3.2	1.7	2.2
		Banking system	-1.4	-1.5	-3,0	-3.2	2.7	5.1
		Other	0.3	-0,7	-0.3	0.0	-1.0	-2.9

Source: Derived from data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 33.

Thailand: Summary of the Tax System

Last updated 26/10/99

Table 33.

Thailand: Summary of the Tax System

Tax			Nature of Tax	Exemptions and Deduction	Rates
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
1. Taxes on incomes and profits
	1.1 Taxes on companies (Revenue Code Act of 1938, last Amended in 1999)		a. Companies and partners on profits are taxed based on the residing principle	a. Taxable net profits arc determined after business expenses and depreciation allowances, ranging from 5% to 20% of original cost for most types of assets. For the purpose of encouraging investment, an initial depreciation of 40% of cost value for machinery and accessories is allowed. The depreciation may take up to the whole residual value at the final year. Net losses may be carried forward to five consecutive years. No allowance for carrying back losses to previous years. 50% of intercorporate dividends are exempt. For holding companies and companies listed in SET, dividends are completely exempted, provided the shares are held 3 months prior to and after the receipt of dividends.	a. General 30%. For BIBFs: 10%.
			b. Companies incorporated abroad are also subject to a withholding tax on income from Thailand in the form of dividends, property rights, rentals, interest, and fees for certain services.	b. Withholding tax is calculated on gross income.	b. Withholding tax is 15% except on dividends which are taxed at 10%, same as interest paid to the financial institutions in the treaty countries.
			c. Foreign companies in the transportation sector.		c. 3% on passenger and freight transport.
			d. Nonprofit foundations and associations		d. A tax of 10% is levied on gross revenue before deduction of any expenses. The computation of gross revenue does not include registration or subscription fees or any money or property received by way of donation or gift.
		1.2.1 Wages and salaries (Revenue Code Act of 1938, amended in 1997)	Residents are subject to tax on income Non-residents are subject to tax only on income from sources within Thailand. All tax payers file income lax return.	The following types of income are exempted: superannuation and insurance policies, gifts and bequests; proceeds from sales of movable property acquired through inheritance or for a purpose other than profit; income received from companies operating under the Promotion of Investment Act; prizes, awards, and lottery winnings; workers’ compensation, insurance claims, medical benefits; income from rice farming; profits received from business already subject to individual income tax. Tax Allowances: Personal allowance B 30,000 Spouse allowance B 30,000 Child allowance B 15,000 (per child, not exceeding B 45,000 per family) Education allowance B 2,000 (per child) Contributions to life insurance Pruvident fund Mortgage interest Social Security Charitable contributions up to 10% of taxable income	Net income bracket	Tax Rate
					0 -B50,000	0%
					50,001-B100,000	5%
					B100,001-B500,000	10%
					B500,001-B1,000,000	20%
					B1,000,001-B4,000,000	30%
					over B4,000,000	37%
					Gross income (for minimum)
					B60,000 or more	0.5%
		1.2.2. Business income	Tax on employment and business income is imposed at progressive rales on net income (after deductions and allowances). Gut it cannot be less than the minimum tax on gross income.	Rental income: 40% of gross income or actual expenses Lawyers, doctors, etc.: 40% of or actual expenses All other business income: 40%-85% of gross income or actual expenses	Same as above.
		1.2.3. Interest income		Exemptions are given on:	Final withholding tax at a rate of 15%
				a. Demand deposits with Government Savings Bank and savings deposits with cooperatives and the Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives.
				b. Savings deposit with any banks in Thailand not exceeding B20,000.
				c. Two-year contractual saving deposits which are not exceeding B 600,000
				Tax on dividends or share of profit received from domestic companies and mutual Binds when the income earner does not claim a tax refund or tax credit.
		1.2.4. Tax on income from the sale of real estate	Tax on income from sale or transfer of immovable property, other than exempt.		Withholding tax at the rate of 10%. Full imputation system with personal income tax according to formula: (Dividends paid out)^* (Corporate income tax rate) (1 - Corporate income tax rate) Final withholding tax of a graduated rate structure with a maximum of 20% of sale price after deductions granted in accordance with the nature of the transfer and years of ownership.
2. Social Security Contributions
	None
3. Employers’ Payroll or Manpower Taxes
	None
4. Taxes on goods and services
	4.1. Real estate transfer tax (Land Code Act of 1954, amended in 1973).		Transfer (whether by sale, gift, or succession at death) of real estate is taxed on the basis of the assessed value of the property.		2% of the assessed value; 0.5% if the transfer is made to parents, spouses, or children.
5. Taxes on goods and services				Exports are zero-rated
	5.1 Value-Added Tax (Revenue Code Act of 1938, amended in 1991)		VAT replaced Business Tax on January 1, 1992. Ad valorem tax on goods and services.	Exemptions include: - Business with annual turnover not more than B1,200,000 - Agricultural products and related inputs e.g., fertilizer, animal feed, medicine and chemicals - Newspaper magazines, textbooks - Education - Arts and crafts - Medical practices, auditing, legal practices and other professional services - Hospitals - Research or technical services - Library, museum, zoo - Labor contract - Sports (non-professional) - Acting, performance - Domestic transport - international transport (excluding air and sea transport)	- Genera] rate: 10% (Temporarily reduced from 10% to 7% for a period of 2 years effective from April 1, 1999 to March 31, 2001.)
	5.2 Specific business tax		Specific business tax is imposed in lieu of VAT on the following businesses: - Banks - Finance companies -Life insurance companies - Pawn shops - Other business with similar operations as commercial banking - Sales of Teal estate - Stock exchange transactions	Following businesses are exempted: - Bank of Thailand, Government Savings Bank, Government Housing Bank, BAAC, - International Finance Corporation of Thailand - Saving Cooperatives - Provident Fund - National Housing Authority - Stock Exchange	- Banking and financial institutions = interest 3% earning =profit 3% - Life insurance = interest 2.5% =premiums 3% - Pawnshops 2.5% - Sales of properties 3% - Sale of commercial real estate
	5.3 Selective excises on goods (Liquor Act of 1950, Tobacco Act of 1966, Playing Cards Act of 1943, and Excise Tax Act of 1984)		Excises are levied on selected locally produced and imported goods, petroleum products, cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, non-alcoholic beverages, playing cards, electrical appliances, automobiles, crystal wares, yacht, perfumes, wool carpets, motor cycle, batteries, marble, horse racing course, and golf. The value of domestic goods is based on ex-factory price plus excise duty but sometimes the value is based on the price which Director General has published in the Royal Gazette from time to time. In the case of imported goods the value is based on C1F price plus import duty and excise duty.	Diplomatic sales and sales of fuel to ships and international airlines are exempted. Tax is refunded when an excisable item is exported. Reduced tax rate for recycle batteries from 10% to 5% Marble is exempted.	Specific rates. Most excisable goods are subject to specific or ad valorem rates, whichever is higher.
					1. Petroleum and petroleum products 1.1 Gasoline Unleaded gasoline 3.6850 baht/litre Other gasoline 4.6850 baht/litre 1-2 Kerosene 3.055 baht/litre 1.3 Fuel for jet aircraft used directly in jet aircraft 1% or 0.20 baht/litre used for others 23% or 3 baht/litre 1.4 Diesel Diesel (sulfulic acid over 0.25%) 2.4050 baht/litre Diesel (sulfulic acid not over 0.25%) 2.3050 baht/litre 1.5 Liquefied Petroleum 2.17 baht/kg. 1.6 Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) 36% or 3.15 baht/litre 1.7 Fuel oil 5% 1.8 Petrumentproduct 12% 1.9 Hydrocarbon solvent 30%
					2. Spirits 2.1 Fermented spirits Beer 53% or 100 baht/litre of pure alcohol Wine and Champagne 55% or 100 baht/litre of pure alcohol Other fermented liquors 25% or 100 bah/litre of pure alcohol 2.2 Distilled spirits Whiskey 35% or 150 baht/litre of pure alcohol Brandy 25% or 150 baht/litre of pure alcohol Other Spirits 35% or 150 baht/litre of pure alcohol
					3. Tobacco 3.1 Shredded Tobacco 0.1% of 0.01 baht/10 gramme 3.2 Tobacco Cigarettes 71.5% Cigar 10% or 0.50 baht/gramme Other Rolled Tobacco 0.1 % or 0.02 baht/5gramme Blended Shredded Tobacco 10% or 0.50 baht/gramme Chewing Tobacco 0.1% or 0.09 baht/gramme
					4. Non alcoholic beverages 4.1 Soda water 25% or 0.77 baht/440 c.c. 4.2 Soft drink 20% or 0.37 baht/440 c.c. 4.3 Unfermented vegetable, or fruit juices 4% or 0.11 baht/440 c.c. 4.4 Unfermented Vegetable, or fruit juices: exempt if juice content is met by the Departmental Regulation
					5. Electrical Appliances 5.1 Air conditioners {capacity not over 72,000 BTU/hour) 15%
					6. Automobile 6.1 Passenger cars with the engine not over 2,400 cc. 37.5% between 2.401 - 3,000 c.c. or having the power nol over 220 H.P. 43% over 3,000 c.c. or having the power over 220 H.P. 50% 6.2 off- Road Passenger Vehicle (OPV) 32% 6.3 Public transport cars seated not more than 10 person nol over 2.400 c.c. 37.5% over 2,400 c.c. 43% 6.4 Pick- up 5%
					7. Lead crystals 15%
					8. Yachts 50%
					9. Perfumes 15%
					10. Wool carpets 20%
					11. Motor cycle 3%
					12. Batteries 12.1 Batteries 10% 12.2 recycle 5%
					13. Marble: Exempt
					14. Cards 14.1 Poker cards 30 baht/100 cards 14.2 Others 20 baht/100 cards
					15. Service Places 15.1 Hotse racing courses (from ticket fee for the horse- racing spectators and gain from horse-racing) 20% 15.2 Golf(from member fee and green fee) 20%
	5.4 Profits of fiscal monopolies		Central Government is recipient of the profits of the following fiscal monopolies: the Thai Tobacco Monopoly, the State Lottery, and the production of playing cards by the Excise Department.	None	Rates are negotiated between the Ministry of Finance and individual monopolies,
6. Taxes on international trade transactions
	6.1 Import duties (Customs Tariff Act of 1935. amended in 1987)		Ad valorem (on c.i.f. value) and/or specific duties are imposed on imports, classified according to the Harmonized System. In additions, special duties are levied on certain commodities.	Exemption is granted to personnel of United Nations Organizations and of accredited diplomatic missions. Companies operating under the Promotion of Investment Act (#1301) are exempted on machinery, parts, accessories based on the Promotional zone and also there are other exemptions by granting the exemption on the import duty for machinery of those 61 promoted activities that the hoard considered as priority activities located in zone 1 and zone 2, and items to be re-exported. Also, they are granted reduction of up to 90 percent of the duty on raw materials for not more than oneyear. Re-exportsof goods that have been imported within the preceding two years and have not undergone change in character or form are exempted. Companies operating under the Petroleum Act, and Industrial Authority of Thailand Act (bonded warehouses and export processing zones) are exempted. Crude oil, fertilizers, fish and fish products, jewelry, munitions of war, are zero rated. Duties on inputs used in the production of exports are refunded.	The current tariff structure is undergoing a reform aiming to lower tariff barriers and reduce number of rates to 6 basic rates and 3 special rates as follows: - Special policy goods: 0% - Raw material: 1% - Primary goods and machinery: 5% - Intermediate goods: 10% -Finished goods: 20% - Highly protected goods: 30% - 60% - Passenger cars’ 80 %
	6.2 Export taxes (Customs Tariff Act of 193.1, amended in 1987)		Ad valorem or specific duties on exports.	Because of exporting promotion, most export taxes are exempted, except raw hides, and raw silk.	- Raw hides: B4-5/kg -Raw silk B100/kg
7.Other taxes
	7.1 Stamp duties (Revenue Code Act of 193B, amended in 1973)		Stamp duties are imposed on documents (government forms, legal contracts, and other instruments), on an ad valorem basis or per transaction.		Rates range from B1.0 per B1,000 (on lease of property, contractor’s services, insurance policy, transfer of securities, arbitrator’s award) to 8100 (on articles of association of a limited company).
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:
1. Municipality (Municipal Income Act of 1954).
2. Provincial Administrative Organization (Provincial Administration Organization Act of 1997), 3. Tambon Council and Tambon Administrative Organization. (Tambon Council and Tambon Administration Organization Act of 1994), and 4. the special cities which are Bangkok Metropolitan Administration and City of Pataya (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Act of 1985 and City of Pataya Administration Act of 1980)
1. Taxes on property
	4.1 Real estate taxes
		4.1.1House and tax
		(House and Land Tax Act of 1932)	The house and rent tax is levied annually on buildings rented or used for other commercial purposes. The tax is allocated to all levels of local government.	Owner-occupied dwellings are exempted. Also exempted are buildings used by government agencies, public hospitals,	12.5% of annual rent
	4.1.2 Land development tax
		(Land Development Act of 1965)	The land development tax is levied annually on the value of unimproved land not subject to the house and rent tax. The lax is allocated to all levels of local government.	Land occupied by owner or used for annual crops is fully or partially exempted A person who owns land in several provinces is allowed exemption only on land in one province, although his land holdings are taxed separately in each province. Land owned by government agencies, public hospitals, schools, public utilities, and religious organizations are also exempted.	34 different rates ranging from B0.50 per rai with an assessed value of under B200 to B70 per rai with an assessed value of over B30,000 and B25 per rai for each additional B10,000 (one rai is equivalent to 0.16 hectare).
	4.1.3 Real estac transfer tax		Transfer (whether by sale, gift, or succession at death] of real estate is taxed on the basis of the assessed value of the properly.		2% of the assessed value; 0.5% if the transfer is made to parents, spouses, or children.
		(For Tambon Administration Organization)
2. Taxes on goods and services
	5.1 VAT surcharge		Surcharge on the VAT imposed by the Central Government (see A.5.1). The surchalge is collected by the Revenue Department and allocated to all levels of local government		10 % of the total VAT. (Temporary VAT rale of 7% is inclusive of the local surcharge of 0.7%) 5% of the total VAT collection in all of the provincial jurisdictions except for Bangkok
	5.2 Specific Business Tax surcharge		Surcharge on specific business tax imposed by the Central Government. The surcharge is collected by the Revenue Department and allocated to all levels of local government.		10% of the specific business tax
	5.3 Surcharge on selected excises
		1. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages 2. Petroleum and petroleum products 3. Electrical appliances 4. Crystals 5. Automobiles 6. Yachts 7. Horse Racing courses	Surcharge on selected excises imposed by the Central Government (See A.5.3). The surcharge is collected by the Excise Department and allocated to local governments.		10% of excise lax.
	5.4 Profits of fiscal monopoties
		None
	5.5 Taxes on specific services
		None
	5.6 Taxes on use of goods and property. and permission to perform activities
	5.6.1 Licenses and fees		- Slaughtering, positing signboards, and various other activities, are subject to taxes and license fees, which are allocated to all levels of local government. - Bird nest, ground water, fishery, forestry, petroleum and mineral resources (For Tambon Administration Organization)		Multiple
	5.6.2 Motor vehicle tax (Motor Vehicle Act of1979 Inland Transport Act of 1979)		Motor vehicle (passenger cars, motorcycles and special vehicles; buses and trucks) ate subject to an annual tax. The lax is collected by the Cennal Government (Inland Transport Department) and allocated to Bangkok Metropolitan Authority (BMA) for the amount collected in BMA area. The amount collected in other provinces are allocated to the local government in the following proportions: 25% to provinces; 50% to municipalities; and 25% to municipalities upgraded from sanitary districts.	Automobiles belonging to government departments and local authorities are exempted- Tractors used in agriculture, ambulances and automobiles belonging to Red Cross are also exempted.	For passenger cars carrying 7 passengers or less, the tax is based on cylinder capacity.
					B0.50 per ec for portion of the cylinder capacity under 600 cc.
					B1.50 per cc for the portion between 600 cc- 1,800 cc.
					B4.00 pet cc for the portion over 1,800 cc.
					For passenger cars carrying more than 7 passengers, the fee is based on weight ranging from B150 to B3,600.
					For motorcycles, the fee is B100 per unit.
					For passenger cars registered for more than 5 years, the fee is reduced at a rate of 10% increments per year, e.g., 10% reduction is given on the 6th year, 20% reduction on the 7th year to 50% reduction after the 9th year.

Last updated 26/10/99

Table 33.

Thailand: Summary of the Tax System

Tax			Nature of Tax	Exemptions and Deduction	Rates
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
1. Taxes on incomes and profits
	1.1 Taxes on companies (Revenue Code Act of 1938, last Amended in 1999)		a. Companies and partners on profits are taxed based on the residing principle	a. Taxable net profits arc determined after business expenses and depreciation allowances, ranging from 5% to 20% of original cost for most types of assets. For the purpose of encouraging investment, an initial depreciation of 40% of cost value for machinery and accessories is allowed. The depreciation may take up to the whole residual value at the final year. Net losses may be carried forward to five consecutive years. No allowance for carrying back losses to previous years. 50% of intercorporate dividends are exempt. For holding companies and companies listed in SET, dividends are completely exempted, provided the shares are held 3 months prior to and after the receipt of dividends.	a. General 30%. For BIBFs: 10%.
			b. Companies incorporated abroad are also subject to a withholding tax on income from Thailand in the form of dividends, property rights, rentals, interest, and fees for certain services.	b. Withholding tax is calculated on gross income.	b. Withholding tax is 15% except on dividends which are taxed at 10%, same as interest paid to the financial institutions in the treaty countries.
			c. Foreign companies in the transportation sector.		c. 3% on passenger and freight transport.
			d. Nonprofit foundations and associations		d. A tax of 10% is levied on gross revenue before deduction of any expenses. The computation of gross revenue does not include registration or subscription fees or any money or property received by way of donation or gift.
		1.2.1 Wages and salaries (Revenue Code Act of 1938, amended in 1997)	Residents are subject to tax on income Non-residents are subject to tax only on income from sources within Thailand. All tax payers file income lax return.	The following types of income are exempted: superannuation and insurance policies, gifts and bequests; proceeds from sales of movable property acquired through inheritance or for a purpose other than profit; income received from companies operating under the Promotion of Investment Act; prizes, awards, and lottery winnings; workers’ compensation, insurance claims, medical benefits; income from rice farming; profits received from business already subject to individual income tax. Tax Allowances: Personal allowance B 30,000 Spouse allowance B 30,000 Child allowance B 15,000 (per child, not exceeding B 45,000 per family) Education allowance B 2,000 (per child) Contributions to life insurance Pruvident fund Mortgage interest Social Security Charitable contributions up to 10% of taxable income	Net income bracket	Tax Rate
					0 -B50,000	0%
					50,001-B100,000	5%
					B100,001-B500,000	10%
					B500,001-B1,000,000	20%
					B1,000,001-B4,000,000	30%
					over B4,000,000	37%
					Gross income (for minimum)
					B60,000 or more	0.5%
		1.2.2. Business income	Tax on employment and business income is imposed at progressive rales on net income (after deductions and allowances). Gut it cannot be less than the minimum tax on gross income.	Rental income: 40% of gross income or actual expenses Lawyers, doctors, etc.: 40% of or actual expenses All other business income: 40%-85% of gross income or actual expenses	Same as above.
		1.2.3. Interest income		Exemptions are given on:	Final withholding tax at a rate of 15%
				a. Demand deposits with Government Savings Bank and savings deposits with cooperatives and the Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives.
				b. Savings deposit with any banks in Thailand not exceeding B20,000.
				c. Two-year contractual saving deposits which are not exceeding B 600,000
				Tax on dividends or share of profit received from domestic companies and mutual Binds when the income earner does not claim a tax refund or tax credit.
		1.2.4. Tax on income from the sale of real estate	Tax on income from sale or transfer of immovable property, other than exempt.		Withholding tax at the rate of 10%. Full imputation system with personal income tax according to formula: (Dividends paid out)^* (Corporate income tax rate) (1 - Corporate income tax rate) Final withholding tax of a graduated rate structure with a maximum of 20% of sale price after deductions granted in accordance with the nature of the transfer and years of ownership.
2. Social Security Contributions
	None
3. Employers’ Payroll or Manpower Taxes
	None
4. Taxes on goods and services
	4.1. Real estate transfer tax (Land Code Act of 1954, amended in 1973).		Transfer (whether by sale, gift, or succession at death) of real estate is taxed on the basis of the assessed value of the property.		2% of the assessed value; 0.5% if the transfer is made to parents, spouses, or children.
5. Taxes on goods and services				Exports are zero-rated
	5.1 Value-Added Tax (Revenue Code Act of 1938, amended in 1991)		VAT replaced Business Tax on January 1, 1992. Ad valorem tax on goods and services.	Exemptions include: - Business with annual turnover not more than B1,200,000 - Agricultural products and related inputs e.g., fertilizer, animal feed, medicine and chemicals - Newspaper magazines, textbooks - Education - Arts and crafts - Medical practices, auditing, legal practices and other professional services - Hospitals - Research or technical services - Library, museum, zoo - Labor contract - Sports (non-professional) - Acting, performance - Domestic transport - international transport (excluding air and sea transport)	- Genera] rate: 10% (Temporarily reduced from 10% to 7% for a period of 2 years effective from April 1, 1999 to March 31, 2001.)
	5.2 Specific business tax		Specific business tax is imposed in lieu of VAT on the following businesses: - Banks - Finance companies -Life insurance companies - Pawn shops - Other business with similar operations as commercial banking - Sales of Teal estate - Stock exchange transactions	Following businesses are exempted: - Bank of Thailand, Government Savings Bank, Government Housing Bank, BAAC, - International Finance Corporation of Thailand - Saving Cooperatives - Provident Fund - National Housing Authority - Stock Exchange	- Banking and financial institutions = interest 3% earning =profit 3% - Life insurance = interest 2.5% =premiums 3% - Pawnshops 2.5% - Sales of properties 3% - Sale of commercial real estate
	5.3 Selective excises on goods (Liquor Act of 1950, Tobacco Act of 1966, Playing Cards Act of 1943, and Excise Tax Act of 1984)		Excises are levied on selected locally produced and imported goods, petroleum products, cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, non-alcoholic beverages, playing cards, electrical appliances, automobiles, crystal wares, yacht, perfumes, wool carpets, motor cycle, batteries, marble, horse racing course, and golf. The value of domestic goods is based on ex-factory price plus excise duty but sometimes the value is based on the price which Director General has published in the Royal Gazette from time to time. In the case of imported goods the value is based on C1F price plus import duty and excise duty.	Diplomatic sales and sales of fuel to ships and international airlines are exempted. Tax is refunded when an excisable item is exported. Reduced tax rate for recycle batteries from 10% to 5% Marble is exempted.	Specific rates. Most excisable goods are subject to specific or ad valorem rates, whichever is higher.
					1. Petroleum and petroleum products 1.1 Gasoline Unleaded gasoline 3.6850 baht/litre Other gasoline 4.6850 baht/litre 1-2 Kerosene 3.055 baht/litre 1.3 Fuel for jet aircraft used directly in jet aircraft 1% or 0.20 baht/litre used for others 23% or 3 baht/litre 1.4 Diesel Diesel (sulfulic acid over 0.25%) 2.4050 baht/litre Diesel (sulfulic acid not over 0.25%) 2.3050 baht/litre 1.5 Liquefied Petroleum 2.17 baht/kg. 1.6 Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) 36% or 3.15 baht/litre 1.7 Fuel oil 5% 1.8 Petrumentproduct 12% 1.9 Hydrocarbon solvent 30%
					2. Spirits 2.1 Fermented spirits Beer 53% or 100 baht/litre of pure alcohol Wine and Champagne 55% or 100 baht/litre of pure alcohol Other fermented liquors 25% or 100 bah/litre of pure alcohol 2.2 Distilled spirits Whiskey 35% or 150 baht/litre of pure alcohol Brandy 25% or 150 baht/litre of pure alcohol Other Spirits 35% or 150 baht/litre of pure alcohol
					3. Tobacco 3.1 Shredded Tobacco 0.1% of 0.01 baht/10 gramme 3.2 Tobacco Cigarettes 71.5% Cigar 10% or 0.50 baht/gramme Other Rolled Tobacco 0.1 % or 0.02 baht/5gramme Blended Shredded Tobacco 10% or 0.50 baht/gramme Chewing Tobacco 0.1% or 0.09 baht/gramme
					4. Non alcoholic beverages 4.1 Soda water 25% or 0.77 baht/440 c.c. 4.2 Soft drink 20% or 0.37 baht/440 c.c. 4.3 Unfermented vegetable, or fruit juices 4% or 0.11 baht/440 c.c. 4.4 Unfermented Vegetable, or fruit juices: exempt if juice content is met by the Departmental Regulation
					5. Electrical Appliances 5.1 Air conditioners {capacity not over 72,000 BTU/hour) 15%
					6. Automobile 6.1 Passenger cars with the engine not over 2,400 cc. 37.5% between 2.401 - 3,000 c.c. or having the power nol over 220 H.P. 43% over 3,000 c.c. or having the power over 220 H.P. 50% 6.2 off- Road Passenger Vehicle (OPV) 32% 6.3 Public transport cars seated not more than 10 person nol over 2.400 c.c. 37.5% over 2,400 c.c. 43% 6.4 Pick- up 5%
					7. Lead crystals 15%
					8. Yachts 50%
					9. Perfumes 15%
					10. Wool carpets 20%
					11. Motor cycle 3%
					12. Batteries 12.1 Batteries 10% 12.2 recycle 5%
					13. Marble: Exempt
					14. Cards 14.1 Poker cards 30 baht/100 cards 14.2 Others 20 baht/100 cards
					15. Service Places 15.1 Hotse racing courses (from ticket fee for the horse- racing spectators and gain from horse-racing) 20% 15.2 Golf(from member fee and green fee) 20%
	5.4 Profits of fiscal monopolies		Central Government is recipient of the profits of the following fiscal monopolies: the Thai Tobacco Monopoly, the State Lottery, and the production of playing cards by the Excise Department.	None	Rates are negotiated between the Ministry of Finance and individual monopolies,
6. Taxes on international trade transactions
	6.1 Import duties (Customs Tariff Act of 1935. amended in 1987)		Ad valorem (on c.i.f. value) and/or specific duties are imposed on imports, classified according to the Harmonized System. In additions, special duties are levied on certain commodities.	Exemption is granted to personnel of United Nations Organizations and of accredited diplomatic missions. Companies operating under the Promotion of Investment Act (#1301) are exempted on machinery, parts, accessories based on the Promotional zone and also there are other exemptions by granting the exemption on the import duty for machinery of those 61 promoted activities that the hoard considered as priority activities located in zone 1 and zone 2, and items to be re-exported. Also, they are granted reduction of up to 90 percent of the duty on raw materials for not more than oneyear. Re-exportsof goods that have been imported within the preceding two years and have not undergone change in character or form are exempted. Companies operating under the Petroleum Act, and Industrial Authority of Thailand Act (bonded warehouses and export processing zones) are exempted. Crude oil, fertilizers, fish and fish products, jewelry, munitions of war, are zero rated. Duties on inputs used in the production of exports are refunded.	The current tariff structure is undergoing a reform aiming to lower tariff barriers and reduce number of rates to 6 basic rates and 3 special rates as follows: - Special policy goods: 0% - Raw material: 1% - Primary goods and machinery: 5% - Intermediate goods: 10% -Finished goods: 20% - Highly protected goods: 30% - 60% - Passenger cars’ 80 %
	6.2 Export taxes (Customs Tariff Act of 193.1, amended in 1987)		Ad valorem or specific duties on exports.	Because of exporting promotion, most export taxes are exempted, except raw hides, and raw silk.	- Raw hides: B4-5/kg -Raw silk B100/kg
7.Other taxes
	7.1 Stamp duties (Revenue Code Act of 193B, amended in 1973)		Stamp duties are imposed on documents (government forms, legal contracts, and other instruments), on an ad valorem basis or per transaction.		Rates range from B1.0 per B1,000 (on lease of property, contractor’s services, insurance policy, transfer of securities, arbitrator’s award) to 8100 (on articles of association of a limited company).
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:
1. Municipality (Municipal Income Act of 1954).
2. Provincial Administrative Organization (Provincial Administration Organization Act of 1997), 3. Tambon Council and Tambon Administrative Organization. (Tambon Council and Tambon Administration Organization Act of 1994), and 4. the special cities which are Bangkok Metropolitan Administration and City of Pataya (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Act of 1985 and City of Pataya Administration Act of 1980)
1. Taxes on property
	4.1 Real estate taxes
		4.1.1House and tax
		(House and Land Tax Act of 1932)	The house and rent tax is levied annually on buildings rented or used for other commercial purposes. The tax is allocated to all levels of local government.	Owner-occupied dwellings are exempted. Also exempted are buildings used by government agencies, public hospitals,	12.5% of annual rent
	4.1.2 Land development tax
		(Land Development Act of 1965)	The land development tax is levied annually on the value of unimproved land not subject to the house and rent tax. The lax is allocated to all levels of local government.	Land occupied by owner or used for annual crops is fully or partially exempted A person who owns land in several provinces is allowed exemption only on land in one province, although his land holdings are taxed separately in each province. Land owned by government agencies, public hospitals, schools, public utilities, and religious organizations are also exempted.	34 different rates ranging from B0.50 per rai with an assessed value of under B200 to B70 per rai with an assessed value of over B30,000 and B25 per rai for each additional B10,000 (one rai is equivalent to 0.16 hectare).
	4.1.3 Real estac transfer tax		Transfer (whether by sale, gift, or succession at death] of real estate is taxed on the basis of the assessed value of the properly.		2% of the assessed value; 0.5% if the transfer is made to parents, spouses, or children.
		(For Tambon Administration Organization)
2. Taxes on goods and services
	5.1 VAT surcharge		Surcharge on the VAT imposed by the Central Government (see A.5.1). The surchalge is collected by the Revenue Department and allocated to all levels of local government		10 % of the total VAT. (Temporary VAT rale of 7% is inclusive of the local surcharge of 0.7%) 5% of the total VAT collection in all of the provincial jurisdictions except for Bangkok
	5.2 Specific Business Tax surcharge		Surcharge on specific business tax imposed by the Central Government. The surcharge is collected by the Revenue Department and allocated to all levels of local government.		10% of the specific business tax
	5.3 Surcharge on selected excises
		1. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages 2. Petroleum and petroleum products 3. Electrical appliances 4. Crystals 5. Automobiles 6. Yachts 7. Horse Racing courses	Surcharge on selected excises imposed by the Central Government (See A.5.3). The surcharge is collected by the Excise Department and allocated to local governments.		10% of excise lax.
	5.4 Profits of fiscal monopoties
		None
	5.5 Taxes on specific services
		None
	5.6 Taxes on use of goods and property. and permission to perform activities
	5.6.1 Licenses and fees		- Slaughtering, positing signboards, and various other activities, are subject to taxes and license fees, which are allocated to all levels of local government. - Bird nest, ground water, fishery, forestry, petroleum and mineral resources (For Tambon Administration Organization)		Multiple
	5.6.2 Motor vehicle tax (Motor Vehicle Act of1979 Inland Transport Act of 1979)		Motor vehicle (passenger cars, motorcycles and special vehicles; buses and trucks) ate subject to an annual tax. The lax is collected by the Cennal Government (Inland Transport Department) and allocated to Bangkok Metropolitan Authority (BMA) for the amount collected in BMA area. The amount collected in other provinces are allocated to the local government in the following proportions: 25% to provinces; 50% to municipalities; and 25% to municipalities upgraded from sanitary districts.	Automobiles belonging to government departments and local authorities are exempted- Tractors used in agriculture, ambulances and automobiles belonging to Red Cross are also exempted.	For passenger cars carrying 7 passengers or less, the tax is based on cylinder capacity.
					B0.50 per ec for portion of the cylinder capacity under 600 cc.
					B1.50 per cc for the portion between 600 cc- 1,800 cc.
					B4.00 pet cc for the portion over 1,800 cc.
					For passenger cars carrying more than 7 passengers, the fee is based on weight ranging from B150 to B3,600.
					For motorcycles, the fee is B100 per unit.
					For passenger cars registered for more than 5 years, the fee is reduced at a rate of 10% increments per year, e.g., 10% reduction is given on the 6th year, 20% reduction on the 7th year to 50% reduction after the 9th year.

Last updated 26/10/99

Table 34.

Thailand: Financial Survey, 1995-99 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Consolidated balance sheets of the Bank of Thailand, commercial banks, finance companies, finance and securities companies, and other state-owned financial institutions.

Table 34.

Thailand: Financial Survey, 1995-99 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

				1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
				Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.
Net foreign assets				-170.5	-301.3	-884.3	-665.0	-534.2	-294.4	-121.1	124.2
Net domestic assets				4,634.0	5,309.3	6,054.0	5,942.4	5,865.3	5,827.6	5,750.9	5,483.1
	Domestic credit			5,653.7	6,496.6	7,643.7	7,274.2	7,455.0	7,365.4	7,483.2	7,359.3
		Government (net)		-384.6	-515.1	-467.1	-477.9	-353.3	-269.1	0.6	40.0
			Claims on government	106.2	83.8	66.9	65.7	211.1	231.5	431.1	527.7
			Government deposits	490.8	598.9	534.0	543.6	564.4	500.6	430.5	487.7
		Nonfinancial public enterprises		179.3	222.9	265.4	278.5	285.5	277.9	280.4	290.5
		Businesses and households		5,859.0	6,788.8	7845.4	7473.6	7522.8	7356.6	7202.2	7,028.8
	Capital and other items			-1,019.7	-1,187.3	-1,589.7	-1,331.8	-1,589.7	-1,537.8	-1,732.3	-1,876.2
		Capital accounts		-1,069.9	-1,275.9	-1772.3	-1593.8	-1857.1	-1872.4	-2135.9	-2,297.9
		Other borrowings		-142.2	-192.3	-211.2	-225.8	-224.7	-216.5	-221.4	-201.6
		Other items net		192.4	280.9	393.8	487.8	492.1	551.1	625	623.3
Liquid liabilities (M3)				4,463.5	5,008.0	5,169.7	5,277.4	5,331.1	5,533.2	5,629.8	5,607.3
	Currency			282.4	302.3	331.7	308.1	286.6	291.5	315.7	310.8
	Demand deposits			87.6	91.2	77	81.2	76.1	77.2	85.8	83.5
	Saving, time, and other deposits			3,178.9	3,574.4	4298	4389.8	4525.3	4707.2	4772	4,793.4
	Promissory notes			914.6	1,040.1	463	498.3	443.1	457.3	456.3	419.6

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Consolidated balance sheets of the Bank of Thailand, commercial banks, finance companies, finance and securities companies, and other state-owned financial institutions.

Table 34.

Thailand: Financial Survey, 1995-99 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

				1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
				Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.
Net foreign assets				-170.5	-301.3	-884.3	-665.0	-534.2	-294.4	-121.1	124.2
Net domestic assets				4,634.0	5,309.3	6,054.0	5,942.4	5,865.3	5,827.6	5,750.9	5,483.1
	Domestic credit			5,653.7	6,496.6	7,643.7	7,274.2	7,455.0	7,365.4	7,483.2	7,359.3
		Government (net)		-384.6	-515.1	-467.1	-477.9	-353.3	-269.1	0.6	40.0
			Claims on government	106.2	83.8	66.9	65.7	211.1	231.5	431.1	527.7
			Government deposits	490.8	598.9	534.0	543.6	564.4	500.6	430.5	487.7
		Nonfinancial public enterprises		179.3	222.9	265.4	278.5	285.5	277.9	280.4	290.5
		Businesses and households		5,859.0	6,788.8	7845.4	7473.6	7522.8	7356.6	7202.2	7,028.8
	Capital and other items			-1,019.7	-1,187.3	-1,589.7	-1,331.8	-1,589.7	-1,537.8	-1,732.3	-1,876.2
		Capital accounts		-1,069.9	-1,275.9	-1772.3	-1593.8	-1857.1	-1872.4	-2135.9	-2,297.9
		Other borrowings		-142.2	-192.3	-211.2	-225.8	-224.7	-216.5	-221.4	-201.6
		Other items net		192.4	280.9	393.8	487.8	492.1	551.1	625	623.3
Liquid liabilities (M3)				4,463.5	5,008.0	5,169.7	5,277.4	5,331.1	5,533.2	5,629.8	5,607.3
	Currency			282.4	302.3	331.7	308.1	286.6	291.5	315.7	310.8
	Demand deposits			87.6	91.2	77	81.2	76.1	77.2	85.8	83.5
	Saving, time, and other deposits			3,178.9	3,574.4	4298	4389.8	4525.3	4707.2	4772	4,793.4
	Promissory notes			914.6	1,040.1	463	498.3	443.1	457.3	456.3	419.6

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Consolidated balance sheets of the Bank of Thailand, commercial banks, finance companies, finance and securities companies, and other state-owned financial institutions.

Table 35.

Thailand: Bank and Finance Company Survey, 1995-99 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Consolidated balance sheet of the Bank of Thailand, commercial banks (including local lending by BIBFs), finance companies, and finance and securities companies.

Table 35.

Thailand: Bank and Finance Company Survey, 1995-99 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

				1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
				Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June
Net foreign assets				-112.3	-210.4	-681.6	-493.8	-356.6	-132.6	26.1	262.6	414.9
Net domestic assets				4,305.7	4,935.6	5,503.4	5,380.6	5,278.4	5,192.2	5,092.0	4,863.6	4,659.2
	Domestic credit			5,215.0	5,957.8	6,877.6	6,537.9	6,699.0	6,607.7	6,675.4	6,525.4	6,253.8
		Government (net)		-388.1	-462.1	-424.9	-413.2	-283.7	-195.3	30.3	54.6	20.9
			Claims on government	75.9	57.7	48.9	50.7	196.1	203.4	356.7	438.8	398.1
			Government deposits	464.0	519.8	473.8	463.9	479.8	398.7	326.4	384.2	377.2
	Nonfinancial public enterprises			149.6	175.6	197.8	202.5	199.9	188.8	192.3	196.8	198.8
		Businesses and households		5,453.5	6,244.3	7104.7	6748.6	6782.8	6614.2	6452.8	6,274.0	6,034.1
	Capital and other items			-909.3	-1,022.2	-1,374.2	-1,157.3	-1,420.6	-1,415.5	-1,583.4	-1,661.8	-1,594.6
		Capital accounts		-1,005.9	-1,204.1	-1691.3	-1500	-1762.4	-1777.1	-2031.3	-2177.1	-2134
		Other borrowings		-17.2	-41.0	-44.2	-41.5	-40.6	-38.8	-37.7	-28.5	-26.4
		Other items net		113.8	222.9	361.3	3842	382.4	400.4	485.6	543.8	565.8
Liabilities (M2A)				4,193.4	4,725.2	4,821.8	4,886.8	4,921.8	5,059.6	5,118.1	5,126.2	5,074.1
	Currency			284.0	304.2	333.9	310.4	289.2	294.1	318.3	313.4	305.0
	Demand deposits			93.3	102.6	85.2	87.3	82.2	81.3	91.5	121.7	91.5
	Saving, time, and other deposits			2,901.5	3,278.3	3897.1	3990.8	4107.3	4226.9	4251.9	4,271.6	4,268.5
	Promissory notes			914.6	1,040.1	505.6	498.3	443.1	457.3	456.4	419.5	409.1

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Consolidated balance sheet of the Bank of Thailand, commercial banks (including local lending by BIBFs), finance companies, and finance and securities companies.

Table 35.

Thailand: Bank and Finance Company Survey, 1995-99 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

				1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
				Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June
Net foreign assets				-112.3	-210.4	-681.6	-493.8	-356.6	-132.6	26.1	262.6	414.9
Net domestic assets				4,305.7	4,935.6	5,503.4	5,380.6	5,278.4	5,192.2	5,092.0	4,863.6	4,659.2
	Domestic credit			5,215.0	5,957.8	6,877.6	6,537.9	6,699.0	6,607.7	6,675.4	6,525.4	6,253.8
		Government (net)		-388.1	-462.1	-424.9	-413.2	-283.7	-195.3	30.3	54.6	20.9
			Claims on government	75.9	57.7	48.9	50.7	196.1	203.4	356.7	438.8	398.1
			Government deposits	464.0	519.8	473.8	463.9	479.8	398.7	326.4	384.2	377.2
	Nonfinancial public enterprises			149.6	175.6	197.8	202.5	199.9	188.8	192.3	196.8	198.8
		Businesses and households		5,453.5	6,244.3	7104.7	6748.6	6782.8	6614.2	6452.8	6,274.0	6,034.1
	Capital and other items			-909.3	-1,022.2	-1,374.2	-1,157.3	-1,420.6	-1,415.5	-1,583.4	-1,661.8	-1,594.6
		Capital accounts		-1,005.9	-1,204.1	-1691.3	-1500	-1762.4	-1777.1	-2031.3	-2177.1	-2134
		Other borrowings		-17.2	-41.0	-44.2	-41.5	-40.6	-38.8	-37.7	-28.5	-26.4
		Other items net		113.8	222.9	361.3	3842	382.4	400.4	485.6	543.8	565.8
Liabilities (M2A)				4,193.4	4,725.2	4,821.8	4,886.8	4,921.8	5,059.6	5,118.1	5,126.2	5,074.1
	Currency			284.0	304.2	333.9	310.4	289.2	294.1	318.3	313.4	305.0
	Demand deposits			93.3	102.6	85.2	87.3	82.2	81.3	91.5	121.7	91.5
	Saving, time, and other deposits			2,901.5	3,278.3	3897.1	3990.8	4107.3	4226.9	4251.9	4,271.6	4,268.5
	Promissory notes			914.6	1,040.1	505.6	498.3	443.1	457.3	456.4	419.5	409.1

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Consolidated balance sheet of the Bank of Thailand, commercial banks (including local lending by BIBFs), finance companies, and finance and securities companies.

Table 36.

Thailand: Monetary Survey, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 36.

Thailand: Monetary Survey, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

				1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
				Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June
Net foreign assets				3.4	-78.7	-559.1	-393.5	-282.9	-74.2	68.7	293.6	440.3
	Assets			1,167.7	1,170.7	1,683.7	1416.1	1574.4	1551.4	1545.9	1720	1744
	Liabilities			1,164.3	1,249.4	2,242.8	1809.6	1857.3	1625.6	1477.2	1426.4	1303.7
Net domestic assets				3,307.2	3,805.3	4,898.4	4,802.3	4,785.4	4,763.5	4,684.7	4,495.5	4,323.8
	Domestic credit			4,071.4	4,638.6	6,237.4	5,926.3	6,167.8	6,081.4	6,163.4	6,054.4	5,949.1
		Government (net)		-393.6	-466.1	-426.4	-414.7	-284.6	-215.4	-1.0	-2.0	3.5
			Claims on government	70.4	53.7	47.4	49.2	195.2	183.3	325.4	382.2	380.7
			Government deposits	464.0	519.8	473.8	463.9	479.8	398.7	326.4	384.2	377.2
		Nonfinancial public enterprises		116.8	130.7	171.3	176.3	180.8	180.2	183.5	185.1	189.5
		Businesses and households		4,090.4	4,689.6	5,730.9	5452.2	5527.5	5389.9	5301.1	5338.9	5246.9
		Other financial institutions		257.8	284.4	761.6	712.5	744.1	726.7	679.8	532.4	509.2
	Capital and other items			-764.2	-833.3	-1,339.0	-1,124.0	-1,382.4	-1,317.9	-1,478.7	-1,558.9	-1,625.3
		Capital accounts		-809.1	-977.9	-1,493.9	-1321.1	-1583.7	-1594.1	-1881.7	-2080.6	-2173.2
		Borrowing from other financial institutions		-97.8	-96.1	-195.9	-272	-284.8	-222.7	-251.4	-266.9	-292.8
		Other items net		142.7	240.7	350.8	469.1	486.1	498.9	654.4	788.6	840.7
Broad money (M2)				3,310.6	3,726.6	4,339.3	4,408.8	4,502.5	4,689.3	4,753.4	4,789.1	4,764.1
	Narrow money (Ml)			388.3	423.7	428.8	405.9	381.7	389.3	441.8	458.1	429.2
		Currency		284.1	304.3	334.0	310.5	289.2	294.1	318.3	313.4	305.1
		Deposits		104.2	119.4	94.8	95.4	92.5	95.2	123.5	144.7	124.1
	Quasi-money			2,922.3	3,302.9	3,910.5	4,002.9	4,120.8	4,300.0	4,311.6	4,331.0	4,334.9
		Savings deposits		681.9	743.7	755.2	723.9	711	709.7	851	928.1	972.9
		Time deposits		2,229.1	2,546.4	3,102.1	3233	3356	3535.3	3412.5	3344.1	3299.8
		Other deposits		11.3	12.8	53.2	46	53.8	55	48.1	58.8	62.2

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 36.

Thailand: Monetary Survey, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

				1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
				Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June
Net foreign assets				3.4	-78.7	-559.1	-393.5	-282.9	-74.2	68.7	293.6	440.3
	Assets			1,167.7	1,170.7	1,683.7	1416.1	1574.4	1551.4	1545.9	1720	1744
	Liabilities			1,164.3	1,249.4	2,242.8	1809.6	1857.3	1625.6	1477.2	1426.4	1303.7
Net domestic assets				3,307.2	3,805.3	4,898.4	4,802.3	4,785.4	4,763.5	4,684.7	4,495.5	4,323.8
	Domestic credit			4,071.4	4,638.6	6,237.4	5,926.3	6,167.8	6,081.4	6,163.4	6,054.4	5,949.1
		Government (net)		-393.6	-466.1	-426.4	-414.7	-284.6	-215.4	-1.0	-2.0	3.5
			Claims on government	70.4	53.7	47.4	49.2	195.2	183.3	325.4	382.2	380.7
			Government deposits	464.0	519.8	473.8	463.9	479.8	398.7	326.4	384.2	377.2
		Nonfinancial public enterprises		116.8	130.7	171.3	176.3	180.8	180.2	183.5	185.1	189.5
		Businesses and households		4,090.4	4,689.6	5,730.9	5452.2	5527.5	5389.9	5301.1	5338.9	5246.9
		Other financial institutions		257.8	284.4	761.6	712.5	744.1	726.7	679.8	532.4	509.2
	Capital and other items			-764.2	-833.3	-1,339.0	-1,124.0	-1,382.4	-1,317.9	-1,478.7	-1,558.9	-1,625.3
		Capital accounts		-809.1	-977.9	-1,493.9	-1321.1	-1583.7	-1594.1	-1881.7	-2080.6	-2173.2
		Borrowing from other financial institutions		-97.8	-96.1	-195.9	-272	-284.8	-222.7	-251.4	-266.9	-292.8
		Other items net		142.7	240.7	350.8	469.1	486.1	498.9	654.4	788.6	840.7
Broad money (M2)				3,310.6	3,726.6	4,339.3	4,408.8	4,502.5	4,689.3	4,753.4	4,789.1	4,764.1
	Narrow money (Ml)			388.3	423.7	428.8	405.9	381.7	389.3	441.8	458.1	429.2
		Currency		284.1	304.3	334.0	310.5	289.2	294.1	318.3	313.4	305.1
		Deposits		104.2	119.4	94.8	95.4	92.5	95.2	123.5	144.7	124.1
	Quasi-money			2,922.3	3,302.9	3,910.5	4,002.9	4,120.8	4,300.0	4,311.6	4,331.0	4,334.9
		Savings deposits		681.9	743.7	755.2	723.9	711	709.7	851	928.1	972.9
		Time deposits		2,229.1	2,546.4	3,102.1	3233	3356	3535.3	3412.5	3344.1	3299.8
		Other deposits		11.3	12.8	53.2	46	53.8	55	48.1	58.8	62.2

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 37.

Thailand: Changes in Monetary Survey Aggregates, 1995-99

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Ratio of annual GDP to broad money at end-year.

^{^2/}Ratio of broad money to reserve money.

Table 37.

Thailand: Changes in Monetary Survey Aggregates, 1995-99

			1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
			Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June
(Contribution to change over previous period in the stock of broad money, in percentage points)
Net foreign assets			-5.1	-2.5	-12.9	-6.0	0.8	7.9	14.5	15.6	16.1
Net domestic assets			22.1	15.0	29.3	21.7	12.9	4.7	-4.9	-7.0	-10.3
	Domestic credit		26.8	17.1	42.9	26.6	25.2	7.1	-1.7	2.9	-4.9
		o.w. Government (net)	-3.9	-2.2	1.1	0.7	4.3	4.9	9.8	9.4	6.4
		o.w. Businesses and households	27.7	18.1	27.9	16.8	16.5	2.1	-9.9	-2.6	-6.2
	Capital and other items		-4.7	-2.1	-13.6	-4.9	-12.2	-2.4	-3.2	-9.9	-5.4
Broad money			17.0	12.6	16.4	15.8	13.8	12.6	9.5	8.6	5.8
	Narrow money		1.5	1.1	0.1	-0.6	-0.4	-0.3	0.3	1.2	1.1
	Quasi-money		15.5	11.5	16.3	16.3	14.1	12.8	9.2	7.4	4.8
Memorandum items:
	Income velocity ^1/		1.26	1.24	1.09	…	…	…	0.98	…	…
	Money multiplier ^2/		8.19	8.23	9.15	9.85	10.53	10.66	10.00	9.79	11.02

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Ratio of annual GDP to broad money at end-year.

^{^2/}Ratio of broad money to reserve money.

Table 37.

Thailand: Changes in Monetary Survey Aggregates, 1995-99

			1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
			Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June
(Contribution to change over previous period in the stock of broad money, in percentage points)
Net foreign assets			-5.1	-2.5	-12.9	-6.0	0.8	7.9	14.5	15.6	16.1
Net domestic assets			22.1	15.0	29.3	21.7	12.9	4.7	-4.9	-7.0	-10.3
	Domestic credit		26.8	17.1	42.9	26.6	25.2	7.1	-1.7	2.9	-4.9
		o.w. Government (net)	-3.9	-2.2	1.1	0.7	4.3	4.9	9.8	9.4	6.4
		o.w. Businesses and households	27.7	18.1	27.9	16.8	16.5	2.1	-9.9	-2.6	-6.2
	Capital and other items		-4.7	-2.1	-13.6	-4.9	-12.2	-2.4	-3.2	-9.9	-5.4
Broad money			17.0	12.6	16.4	15.8	13.8	12.6	9.5	8.6	5.8
	Narrow money		1.5	1.1	0.1	-0.6	-0.4	-0.3	0.3	1.2	1.1
	Quasi-money		15.5	11.5	16.3	16.3	14.1	12.8	9.2	7.4	4.8
Memorandum items:
	Income velocity ^1/		1.26	1.24	1.09	…	…	…	0.98	…	…
	Money multiplier ^2/		8.19	8.23	9.15	9.85	10.53	10.66	10.00	9.79	11.02

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Ratio of annual GDP to broad money at end-year.

^{^2/}Ratio of broad money to reserve money.

Table 38.

Thailand: Accounts of the Bank of Thailand, 1995-99 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}At current exchange rates.

Table 38.

Thailand: Accounts of the Bank of Thailand, 1995-99 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

			1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
			Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.
Net foreign assets			931.6	990.6	935.9	719.1	724.9	666.7	672.3	701.5	719.2	805.4
	Assets		931.8	990.7	1,274.3	1,072.5	1,124.5	1,070.3	1,083.4	1,126.2	1,157.9	1,326.1
	Liabilities		-0.2	-0.1	-338.4	-353.4	-399.6	-403.6	-411.1	-424.7	-438.7	-520.7
Net domestic assets			-527.3	-537.7	-461.8	-271.4	-297.4	-226.7	-197.0	-212.4	-286.9	-379.1
	Government (net)		-298.8	-308.2	-251.5	-230.1	-88.7	-74.7	74.1	81.1	69.1	62.7
		Claims on Government	15.4	17.2	14.5	20.2	165.9	68.2	152.9	217.5	174.3	132.9
		Government deposits	-337.0	-348.0	-296.5	-289.6	-288.8	-176.5	-108.0	-171.9	-134.7	-99.8
		Government currency holdings	8.5	6.3	13.2	21.9	16.6	15.9	11.4	17.5	11.1	11.2
		Treasury coin issue	14.3	16.3	17.3	17.4	17.6	17.7	17.8	18.0	18.4	18.4
	Claims on nonfinancial public enterprises		8.4	17.2	71.4	74.5	74.1	75.8	75.0	73.7	70.3	65.7
	Claims on commercial banks (net)		31.5	26.5	276.3	196.1	194.0	180.6	139.6	242.1	140.4	60.7
	Claims on other financial institutions (net)		27.5	36.7	42.5	-78.1	-68.7	-117.6	-66.8	-60.9	-54.1	-67.2
	Capital and other items		-295.9	-309.9	-600.5	-233.8	-408.1	-290.8	-418.9	-548.4	-512.6	-501.0
		Other assets	31.6	54.6	164.4	315.0	327.7	397.3	419.2	402.1	439.2	555.6
		Capital accounts	-337.8	-377.8	-803.2	-501.8	-671.9	-601.6	-814.0	-944.8	-933.9	-1,115.0
		Other liabilities	10.3	13.3	38.3	-47.0	-63.9	-86.5	-24.1	-5.7	-17.9	58.4
Reserve money			404.3	452.9	474.1	447.7	427.5	440.0	475.3	489.1	432.3	426.3
	Currency		325.1	365.6	387.7	351.7	330.1	332.0	365.4	351.8	344.1	360.7
		Held by commercial banks	41.0	61.3	53.8	41.3	40.9	37.9	47.1	38.4	39.0	37.0
		Held by businesses and households	282.5	302.3	331.6	308.0	286.6	291.5	315.7	310.8	302.4	321.0
		Held by other financial institutions	1.6	2.0	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.7
	Deposits		79.2	87.3	86.4	96.0	97.4	108.0	109.9	137.3	88.2	65.6
		Held by commercial banks	69.3	74.0	78.2	89.8	88.5	93.4	80.3	114.7	55.8	54.5
		Held by other financial institutions	8.9	10.7	5.4	5.0	8.1	12.6	28.8	21.7	31.4	9.2
		Held by other domestic sectors	1.0	2.6	2.8	1.2	0.8	2.0	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.9

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}At current exchange rates.

Table 38.

Thailand: Accounts of the Bank of Thailand, 1995-99 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

			1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
			Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.
Net foreign assets			931.6	990.6	935.9	719.1	724.9	666.7	672.3	701.5	719.2	805.4
	Assets		931.8	990.7	1,274.3	1,072.5	1,124.5	1,070.3	1,083.4	1,126.2	1,157.9	1,326.1
	Liabilities		-0.2	-0.1	-338.4	-353.4	-399.6	-403.6	-411.1	-424.7	-438.7	-520.7
Net domestic assets			-527.3	-537.7	-461.8	-271.4	-297.4	-226.7	-197.0	-212.4	-286.9	-379.1
	Government (net)		-298.8	-308.2	-251.5	-230.1	-88.7	-74.7	74.1	81.1	69.1	62.7
		Claims on Government	15.4	17.2	14.5	20.2	165.9	68.2	152.9	217.5	174.3	132.9
		Government deposits	-337.0	-348.0	-296.5	-289.6	-288.8	-176.5	-108.0	-171.9	-134.7	-99.8
		Government currency holdings	8.5	6.3	13.2	21.9	16.6	15.9	11.4	17.5	11.1	11.2
		Treasury coin issue	14.3	16.3	17.3	17.4	17.6	17.7	17.8	18.0	18.4	18.4
	Claims on nonfinancial public enterprises		8.4	17.2	71.4	74.5	74.1	75.8	75.0	73.7	70.3	65.7
	Claims on commercial banks (net)		31.5	26.5	276.3	196.1	194.0	180.6	139.6	242.1	140.4	60.7
	Claims on other financial institutions (net)		27.5	36.7	42.5	-78.1	-68.7	-117.6	-66.8	-60.9	-54.1	-67.2
	Capital and other items		-295.9	-309.9	-600.5	-233.8	-408.1	-290.8	-418.9	-548.4	-512.6	-501.0
		Other assets	31.6	54.6	164.4	315.0	327.7	397.3	419.2	402.1	439.2	555.6
		Capital accounts	-337.8	-377.8	-803.2	-501.8	-671.9	-601.6	-814.0	-944.8	-933.9	-1,115.0
		Other liabilities	10.3	13.3	38.3	-47.0	-63.9	-86.5	-24.1	-5.7	-17.9	58.4
Reserve money			404.3	452.9	474.1	447.7	427.5	440.0	475.3	489.1	432.3	426.3
	Currency		325.1	365.6	387.7	351.7	330.1	332.0	365.4	351.8	344.1	360.7
		Held by commercial banks	41.0	61.3	53.8	41.3	40.9	37.9	47.1	38.4	39.0	37.0
		Held by businesses and households	282.5	302.3	331.6	308.0	286.6	291.5	315.7	310.8	302.4	321.0
		Held by other financial institutions	1.6	2.0	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.7
	Deposits		79.2	87.3	86.4	96.0	97.4	108.0	109.9	137.3	88.2	65.6
		Held by commercial banks	69.3	74.0	78.2	89.8	88.5	93.4	80.3	114.7	55.8	54.5
		Held by other financial institutions	8.9	10.7	5.4	5.0	8.1	12.6	28.8	21.7	31.4	9.2
		Held by other domestic sectors	1.0	2.6	2.8	1.2	0.8	2.0	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.9

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}At current exchange rates.

Table 39.

Thailand: Changes in the Accounts of the Bank of Thailand, 1995-99

(Twelve-month change as percent of the stock of reserve money)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 39.

Thailand: Changes in the Accounts of the Bank of Thailand, 1995-99

(Twelve-month change as percent of the stock of reserve money)

		1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
		Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.
Net foreign assets		52.4	14.6	-12.1	-58.1	-21.1	-57.2	-55.6	-3.9	-1.3	31.5
Net domestic assets		-29.8	-2.6	16.8	54.9	4.2	58.6	55.9	13.2	2.5	-34.6
	Government (net)	-28.9	-2.3	12.5	6.5	36.9	40.3	68.7	69.5	36.9	31.2
	Claims on nonfinancial public enterprises	2.6	2.2	12.0	11.9	9.8	3.9	0.8	-0.2	-0.9	-2.3
	Claims on commercial banks (net)	1.5	-1.2	55.2	48.9	35.7	6.3	-28.8	10.3	-12.5	-27.3
	Claims on other financial institutions (net)	1.7	2.3	1.3	-27.6	-62.2	-40.9	-23.1	3.8	3.4	11.5
	Capital and other items	-6.7	-3.5	-64.2	15.2	-16.0	48.9	38.3	-70.3	-24.4	-47.8
Reserve money		22.6	12.0	4.7	-3.1	-16.9	1.4	0.3	9.2	1.1	-3.1
	Currency held by nongovernment	14.2	10.0	4.9	1.7	-0.1	-0.7	-4.7	0.0	3.3	6.5
	Deposits held by nongovernment	8.4	2.0	-0.2	-4.9	-16.8	2.2	5.0	9.2	-2.2	-9.6

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 39.

Thailand: Changes in the Accounts of the Bank of Thailand, 1995-99

(Twelve-month change as percent of the stock of reserve money)

		1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
		Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.
Net foreign assets		52.4	14.6	-12.1	-58.1	-21.1	-57.2	-55.6	-3.9	-1.3	31.5
Net domestic assets		-29.8	-2.6	16.8	54.9	4.2	58.6	55.9	13.2	2.5	-34.6
	Government (net)	-28.9	-2.3	12.5	6.5	36.9	40.3	68.7	69.5	36.9	31.2
	Claims on nonfinancial public enterprises	2.6	2.2	12.0	11.9	9.8	3.9	0.8	-0.2	-0.9	-2.3
	Claims on commercial banks (net)	1.5	-1.2	55.2	48.9	35.7	6.3	-28.8	10.3	-12.5	-27.3
	Claims on other financial institutions (net)	1.7	2.3	1.3	-27.6	-62.2	-40.9	-23.1	3.8	3.4	11.5
	Capital and other items	-6.7	-3.5	-64.2	15.2	-16.0	48.9	38.3	-70.3	-24.4	-47.8
Reserve money		22.6	12.0	4.7	-3.1	-16.9	1.4	0.3	9.2	1.1	-3.1
	Currency held by nongovernment	14.2	10.0	4.9	1.7	-0.1	-0.7	-4.7	0.0	3.3	6.5
	Deposits held by nongovernment	8.4	2.0	-0.2	-4.9	-16.8	2.2	5.0	9.2	-2.2	-9.6

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 40.

Thailand: Refinancing by the Bank of Thailand, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 40.

Thailand: Refinancing by the Bank of Thailand, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

		1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
		Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.
Outstanding at end of period		25.5	26.8	25.5	32.4	32.6	18.4	10.6	10.4	6.3	7.6
	Export	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
	Manufacturing	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.8	2.7	3.2
	Agriculture	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
	Crop financing	2.1	2.2	2.3	3.3	3.2	1.1	1.7	2.1	1.5	1.0
	Finance companies	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Exim banks	21.0	22.3	21.1	27.1	27.5	15.7	7.4	6.4	1.0	2.3

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 40.

Thailand: Refinancing by the Bank of Thailand, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

		1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
		Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.
Outstanding at end of period		25.5	26.8	25.5	32.4	32.6	18.4	10.6	10.4	6.3	7.6
	Export	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
	Manufacturing	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.8	2.7	3.2
	Agriculture	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
	Crop financing	2.1	2.2	2.3	3.3	3.2	1.1	1.7	2.1	1.5	1.0
	Finance companies	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Exim banks	21.0	22.3	21.1	27.1	27.5	15.7	7.4	6.4	1.0	2.3

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 41.

Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes claims on local government, which were zero, except for September 1996 (B 0.5 billion).

Table 41.

Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

			1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
			Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June
Total assets			5,067	5,717	7,428	7,082	7,315	7,342	7,165	7,334	7,200
	Cash and claims on the Bank of Thailand		124	183	466	533	538	562	502	453	394
	Claims on commercial banks		29	41	36	40	29	33	15	36	30
	Claims on other financial institutions		213	214	331	266	268	265	173	137	117
	Foreign assets		236	180	409	344	450	481	463	594	586
	Claims on Government ^1/		41	20	16	12	12	97	155	147	188
	Claims on nonfinancial public enterprises		108	113	100	102	107	104	109	112	119
	Claims on businesses and households		4,089	4,688	5,730	5,451	5,526	5,389	5,300	5,337	5,245
	Other		226	278	340	337	386	411	450	518	521
Total liabilities			5,067	5,717	7,428	7,082	7,315	7,342	7,165	7,334	7,200
	Credit from the Bank of Thailand		36	54	313	243	249	212	155	158	54
	Liabilities to commercial banks		37	37	31	27	19	37	27	42	27
	Borrowings from other financial institutions		160	192	229	217	203	245	229	323	306
	Total deposits of nongovernment sector		2,917	3,270	3,860	3,957	4,067	4,179	4,201	4,209	4,213
		Demand deposits	86	87	73	79	74	73	84	81	83
		Savings deposits	661	716	730	701	686	673	789	858	904
		Time deposits	2,159	2,455	3,005	3,132	3,257	3,379	3,281	3,211	3,168
		Foreign currency deposits	10	12	50	44	48	53	45	57	58
		Marginal deposits	1	1	2	2	2	2	3	1	1
	Foreign liabilities		1,164	1,249	1,904	1,456	1,458	1,222	1,066	1,002	865
	Government deposits		136	178	191	196	208	238	230	230	254
	Local government deposits		26	33	27	31	34	36	32	33	39
	Capital account		471	604	691	819	912	993	1,068	1,136	1,239
	Other		119	101	183	137	167	180	158	202	203

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes claims on local government, which were zero, except for September 1996 (B 0.5 billion).

Table 41.

Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

			1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
			Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June
Total assets			5,067	5,717	7,428	7,082	7,315	7,342	7,165	7,334	7,200
	Cash and claims on the Bank of Thailand		124	183	466	533	538	562	502	453	394
	Claims on commercial banks		29	41	36	40	29	33	15	36	30
	Claims on other financial institutions		213	214	331	266	268	265	173	137	117
	Foreign assets		236	180	409	344	450	481	463	594	586
	Claims on Government ^1/		41	20	16	12	12	97	155	147	188
	Claims on nonfinancial public enterprises		108	113	100	102	107	104	109	112	119
	Claims on businesses and households		4,089	4,688	5,730	5,451	5,526	5,389	5,300	5,337	5,245
	Other		226	278	340	337	386	411	450	518	521
Total liabilities			5,067	5,717	7,428	7,082	7,315	7,342	7,165	7,334	7,200
	Credit from the Bank of Thailand		36	54	313	243	249	212	155	158	54
	Liabilities to commercial banks		37	37	31	27	19	37	27	42	27
	Borrowings from other financial institutions		160	192	229	217	203	245	229	323	306
	Total deposits of nongovernment sector		2,917	3,270	3,860	3,957	4,067	4,179	4,201	4,209	4,213
		Demand deposits	86	87	73	79	74	73	84	81	83
		Savings deposits	661	716	730	701	686	673	789	858	904
		Time deposits	2,159	2,455	3,005	3,132	3,257	3,379	3,281	3,211	3,168
		Foreign currency deposits	10	12	50	44	48	53	45	57	58
		Marginal deposits	1	1	2	2	2	2	3	1	1
	Foreign liabilities		1,164	1,249	1,904	1,456	1,458	1,222	1,066	1,002	865
	Government deposits		136	178	191	196	208	238	230	230	254
	Local government deposits		26	33	27	31	34	36	32	33	39
	Capital account		471	604	691	819	912	993	1,068	1,136	1,239
	Other		119	101	183	137	167	180	158	202	203

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes claims on local government, which were zero, except for September 1996 (B 0.5 billion).

Table 42.

Thailand: Bills, Loans, and Overdrafts of Commercial Banks, Classified by Purpose, 1994-99 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Including interbank and BIBF transactions.

^{^2/}Through June.

Table 42.

Thailand: Bills, Loans, and Overdrafts of Commercial Banks, Classified by Purpose, 1994-99 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Total		3,457.7	4,250.8	4,855.6	6,059.9	5,238.6	5,287.4
	Agriculture	152.3	158.9	164.0	161.7	146.6	140.0
	Mining	15.7	25.0	24.5	36.0	32.2	32.3
	Manufacturing	836.2	1,097.3	1,313.5	1,872.3	1606.3	1622.9
	Construction	142.0	185.9	236.3	273.1	246.8	245.3
	Real estate business	364.2	400.2	426.1	490.5	506.1	549.9
	Imports	115.7	140.0	146.4	174.4	192.5	194.1
	Exports	166.5	182.7	196.1	218.9	174	167.2
	Wholesale and retail trade	627.7	756.8	870.2	1,037.8	867.5	872.3
	Public utilities	86.3	108.1	142.8	197.1	189.7	205.7
	Banking and other financial business	245.2	339.2	345.3	487.5	263.4	253.6
	Services	268.4	333.3	377.8	458.0	418.6	416.6
	Personal consumption	437.5	523.4	612.6	652.6	594.9	587.5

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Including interbank and BIBF transactions.

^{^2/}Through June.

Table 42.

Thailand: Bills, Loans, and Overdrafts of Commercial Banks, Classified by Purpose, 1994-99 ^1/

(In billions of baht)

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Total		3,457.7	4,250.8	4,855.6	6,059.9	5,238.6	5,287.4
	Agriculture	152.3	158.9	164.0	161.7	146.6	140.0
	Mining	15.7	25.0	24.5	36.0	32.2	32.3
	Manufacturing	836.2	1,097.3	1,313.5	1,872.3	1606.3	1622.9
	Construction	142.0	185.9	236.3	273.1	246.8	245.3
	Real estate business	364.2	400.2	426.1	490.5	506.1	549.9
	Imports	115.7	140.0	146.4	174.4	192.5	194.1
	Exports	166.5	182.7	196.1	218.9	174	167.2
	Wholesale and retail trade	627.7	756.8	870.2	1,037.8	867.5	872.3
	Public utilities	86.3	108.1	142.8	197.1	189.7	205.7
	Banking and other financial business	245.2	339.2	345.3	487.5	263.4	253.6
	Services	268.4	333.3	377.8	458.0	418.6	416.6
	Personal consumption	437.5	523.4	612.6	652.6	594.9	587.5

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Including interbank and BIBF transactions.

^{^2/}Through June.

Table 43.

Thailand: BIBF Out-In Operations, 1994-99 ^1/

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Total foreign borrowings, on-lent to residents.

^{^2/}Through June 1999.

Table 43.

Thailand: BIBF Out-In Operations, 1994-99 ^1/

			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
			(In billions of baht)
That banks
	Sources of funds ^1/		186.4	247.4	331.1	508.2	149.1	141.2
		Maturities of less than one year	1.0	2.6	0.0	51.8	34.2	42.3
		Maturities of one year or more ^2/	185.4	244.8	331.1	456.4	114.9	98.9
		Memo item: Inter-office borrowing	185.4	242.9	327.9	528.2	149.1	141.2
	Uses of funds 3/		190.2	254.6	330.0	513.2	213.5	136.4
		Maturities of less than one year	92.6	86.8	101.9	96.7	11.1	13.6
		Maturities of one year or more	97.6	167.8	228.1	416.5	202.4	122.8
	Foreign bank branches
		Sources of funds ^1/	101.3	156.1	223.7	670.9	421.2	374.9
		Maturities of less than one year	71.0	91.6	104.3	320.1	145.4	32.6
		Maturities of one year or more ^2/	30.3	64.5	119.4	350.8	275.8	342.3
		Memo item: Inter-office borrowing	28.8	63.5	112.4	359.4	280.7	273.1
	Uses of funds 3/		102.3	152.5	222.8	691.5	431.9	367.3
		Maturities of less than one year	91.4	118.7	138.3	254.1	190.7	164.2
		Maturities of one year or more	10.9	33.8	84.5	437.4	241.2	203.1
Other BIBF units
	Sources of funds ^1/		163.4	270.4	252.0	201.1	119.3	97.6
		Maturities of less than one year	137.9	234.4	150.9	102.3	42.5	35.4
		Maturities of one year or more ^2/	25.5	36.0	101.1	98.8	76.8	62.2
		Memo item: Inter-office borrowing	25.4	35.3	59.0	86.0	57.7	48.2
	Uses of funds 3/		164.6	273.6	254.6	206.9	121.6	103.3
		Maturities of less than one year	103.8	193.2	143.1	94.5	46.6	46.2
		Maturities of one year or more	60.8	80.4	111.5	112.4	75	57.1
Purpose of lending
	Agriculture		3.9	5.7	6.2	9.3	4.2	3.7
	Mining		2.2	7.7	9.9	21.5	12.4	10.3
	Manufacturing		175.2	292.2	390.5	735.3	459	369.3
	Exports		19.9	18.8	18.7	28.3	15.6	13.4
	Wholesale trade in agricultural products		0.3	1.0	2.3	4.0	0.6	0.7
	Services for entertainments		0.6	1.6	3.2	4.1	1.5	1.4
	Import of luxury goods		1.4	1.7	2.5	4.9	2.2	0.7
	Personal consumption		1.0	2.3	2.2	0.8	0.4	0.4
	Luxury resident condominium		24.0	23.3	17.6	20.0	8.1	5.4
	Construction		13.0	15.3	21.5	33.9	14.7	12.5
	Commerce		66.8	83.5	92.0	161.0	80.6	63.5
	Banking and finance business		71.7	129.5	119.6	160.2	57.9	37.4
	Real estate business		24.4	25.4	23.7	33.1	11.2	7.9
	Public Utility		20.5	25.0	39.8	82.9	55.8	53.1
	Hotel and restaurant		15.7	26.4	32.3	54.1	16.3	8.3
	General housing finance		0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0	0
	Others		15.8	21.1	25.2	58.1	25.1	18.9
Total			456.6	680.8	807.4	1411.4	765.6	606.9

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Total foreign borrowings, on-lent to residents.

^{^2/}Through June 1999.

Table 43.

Thailand: BIBF Out-In Operations, 1994-99 ^1/

			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
			(In billions of baht)
That banks
	Sources of funds ^1/		186.4	247.4	331.1	508.2	149.1	141.2
		Maturities of less than one year	1.0	2.6	0.0	51.8	34.2	42.3
		Maturities of one year or more ^2/	185.4	244.8	331.1	456.4	114.9	98.9
		Memo item: Inter-office borrowing	185.4	242.9	327.9	528.2	149.1	141.2
	Uses of funds 3/		190.2	254.6	330.0	513.2	213.5	136.4
		Maturities of less than one year	92.6	86.8	101.9	96.7	11.1	13.6
		Maturities of one year or more	97.6	167.8	228.1	416.5	202.4	122.8
	Foreign bank branches
		Sources of funds ^1/	101.3	156.1	223.7	670.9	421.2	374.9
		Maturities of less than one year	71.0	91.6	104.3	320.1	145.4	32.6
		Maturities of one year or more ^2/	30.3	64.5	119.4	350.8	275.8	342.3
		Memo item: Inter-office borrowing	28.8	63.5	112.4	359.4	280.7	273.1
	Uses of funds 3/		102.3	152.5	222.8	691.5	431.9	367.3
		Maturities of less than one year	91.4	118.7	138.3	254.1	190.7	164.2
		Maturities of one year or more	10.9	33.8	84.5	437.4	241.2	203.1
Other BIBF units
	Sources of funds ^1/		163.4	270.4	252.0	201.1	119.3	97.6
		Maturities of less than one year	137.9	234.4	150.9	102.3	42.5	35.4
		Maturities of one year or more ^2/	25.5	36.0	101.1	98.8	76.8	62.2
		Memo item: Inter-office borrowing	25.4	35.3	59.0	86.0	57.7	48.2
	Uses of funds 3/		164.6	273.6	254.6	206.9	121.6	103.3
		Maturities of less than one year	103.8	193.2	143.1	94.5	46.6	46.2
		Maturities of one year or more	60.8	80.4	111.5	112.4	75	57.1
Purpose of lending
	Agriculture		3.9	5.7	6.2	9.3	4.2	3.7
	Mining		2.2	7.7	9.9	21.5	12.4	10.3
	Manufacturing		175.2	292.2	390.5	735.3	459	369.3
	Exports		19.9	18.8	18.7	28.3	15.6	13.4
	Wholesale trade in agricultural products		0.3	1.0	2.3	4.0	0.6	0.7
	Services for entertainments		0.6	1.6	3.2	4.1	1.5	1.4
	Import of luxury goods		1.4	1.7	2.5	4.9	2.2	0.7
	Personal consumption		1.0	2.3	2.2	0.8	0.4	0.4
	Luxury resident condominium		24.0	23.3	17.6	20.0	8.1	5.4
	Construction		13.0	15.3	21.5	33.9	14.7	12.5
	Commerce		66.8	83.5	92.0	161.0	80.6	63.5
	Banking and finance business		71.7	129.5	119.6	160.2	57.9	37.4
	Real estate business		24.4	25.4	23.7	33.1	11.2	7.9
	Public Utility		20.5	25.0	39.8	82.9	55.8	53.1
	Hotel and restaurant		15.7	26.4	32.3	54.1	16.3	8.3
	General housing finance		0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0	0
	Others		15.8	21.1	25.2	58.1	25.1	18.9
Total			456.6	680.8	807.4	1411.4	765.6	606.9

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Total foreign borrowings, on-lent to residents.

^{^2/}Through June 1999.

Table 44.

Thailand: Loans and Interest Rates in Interbank Markets, 1997-99

Source: Data provided by the Bank of Thailand.

^{^1/}Data are collected from commercial banks via telephone calls, 5:30 p.m. cut-off time.

^{^2/}Interbank rates are reported as the monthly average overnight rate.

Table 44.

Thailand: Loans and Interest Rates in Interbank Markets, 1997-99

		Outstanding Loans ^1/ In billions of bant)	Interest rates ^2/ (Percent per per annum)
1997
	January	43.20	10.65
	February	26.87	14.94
	March	30.58	8.34
	April	25.06	8.75
	May	29.76	12.13
	June	36.32	15.10
	My	29.50	18.66
	August	37.93	15.43
	September	37.59	23.87
	October	19.92	18.72
	November	38.39	19.99
	December	27.65	21.73
1998
	January	34.69	21.51
	February	35.47	19.83
	March	34.16	20.57
	April	32.50	19.11
	May	21.27	16.40
	June	26.89	18.58
	July	32.23	11.72
	August	29.36	9.81
	September	35.29	7.17
	October	58.23	5.35
	November	61.49	3.55
	December	46.52	2.63
1999
	January	71.32	2.73
	February	60.88	3.09
	March	47.97	2.25
	April	62.67	1.65
	May	66.69	1.45
	June	32.24	1.33
	July	74.14	1.47
	August	63.91	1.37
	September	53.70	1.71

Source: Data provided by the Bank of Thailand.

^{^1/}Data are collected from commercial banks via telephone calls, 5:30 p.m. cut-off time.

^{^2/}Interbank rates are reported as the monthly average overnight rate.

Table 44.

Thailand: Loans and Interest Rates in Interbank Markets, 1997-99

		Outstanding Loans ^1/ In billions of bant)	Interest rates ^2/ (Percent per per annum)
1997
	January	43.20	10.65
	February	26.87	14.94
	March	30.58	8.34
	April	25.06	8.75
	May	29.76	12.13
	June	36.32	15.10
	My	29.50	18.66
	August	37.93	15.43
	September	37.59	23.87
	October	19.92	18.72
	November	38.39	19.99
	December	27.65	21.73
1998
	January	34.69	21.51
	February	35.47	19.83
	March	34.16	20.57
	April	32.50	19.11
	May	21.27	16.40
	June	26.89	18.58
	July	32.23	11.72
	August	29.36	9.81
	September	35.29	7.17
	October	58.23	5.35
	November	61.49	3.55
	December	46.52	2.63
1999
	January	71.32	2.73
	February	60.88	3.09
	March	47.97	2.25
	April	62.67	1.65
	May	66.69	1.45
	June	32.24	1.33
	July	74.14	1.47
	August	63.91	1.37
	September	53.70	1.71

Source: Data provided by the Bank of Thailand.

^{^1/}Data are collected from commercial banks via telephone calls, 5:30 p.m. cut-off time.

^{^2/}Interbank rates are reported as the monthly average overnight rate.

Table 45.

Thailand: Operations of Finance Companies, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 45.

Thailand: Operations of Finance Companies, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

			1995	1996	1998				1999
			Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June
Assets			1,597	1,824	1,625	1,576	1,564	1,503	1,272	1,131
	Credit to the private sector		1,301	1,488	1,234	1,198	1,180	1,120	925	767
	Investments (government and private securities)		193	220	160	140	129	121	130	110
	Lending under repurchase agreement		3	8	81	92	38	69	45	58
	Cash and balance at the Bank of Thailand		8	8	2	2	3	5	3	3
	Cash balance at banks		21	17	13	8	69	50	43	65
	Cash balance at other financial institutions		1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
	Foreign assets		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Other		69	82	133	135	144	137	125	127
Liabilities			1,597	1,824	1,625	1,576	1,564	1,503	1,272	1,131
Borrowing under repurchase agreement			9	12	10	12	4	3	3	8
	Borrowing		1,277	1,484	1,324	1,266	1,253	1,239	1,053	1,031
		Bank of Thailand	0	18	482	506	510	559	439	438
		Domestic Commercial Banks	147	148	132	143	136	106	107	103
		Foreign liability	117	133	101	75	59	43	32	26
		Private sector	932	1,081	557	493	502	500	453	440
		Others	82	104	52	49	46	31	22	24
	Capital accounts		197	226	179	178	183	149	96	-39
	Others		114	102	112	120	124	112	120	131

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 45.

Thailand: Operations of Finance Companies, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

			1995	1996	1998				1999
			Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June
Assets			1,597	1,824	1,625	1,576	1,564	1,503	1,272	1,131
	Credit to the private sector		1,301	1,488	1,234	1,198	1,180	1,120	925	767
	Investments (government and private securities)		193	220	160	140	129	121	130	110
	Lending under repurchase agreement		3	8	81	92	38	69	45	58
	Cash and balance at the Bank of Thailand		8	8	2	2	3	5	3	3
	Cash balance at banks		21	17	13	8	69	50	43	65
	Cash balance at other financial institutions		1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
	Foreign assets		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Other		69	82	133	135	144	137	125	127
Liabilities			1,597	1,824	1,625	1,576	1,564	1,503	1,272	1,131
Borrowing under repurchase agreement			9	12	10	12	4	3	3	8
	Borrowing		1,277	1,484	1,324	1,266	1,253	1,239	1,053	1,031
		Bank of Thailand	0	18	482	506	510	559	439	438
		Domestic Commercial Banks	147	148	132	143	136	106	107	103
		Foreign liability	117	133	101	75	59	43	32	26
		Private sector	932	1,081	557	493	502	500	453	440
		Others	82	104	52	49	46	31	22	24
	Capital accounts		197	226	179	178	183	149	96	-39
	Others		114	102	112	120	124	112	120	131

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 46.

Thailand: Lending of Finance Companies, Classified by Purpose, 1994-99

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 46.

Thailand: Lending of Finance Companies, Classified by Purpose, 1994-99

(In billions of baht)

		1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
		Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar,	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June
Total lending		1,301.4	1,488.2	531.8	513.5	489.8	484.0	465.3	263.6	254.0
	Agriculture, forestry, mining	10.9	15.0	5.8	6.1	5.6	5.5	5.4	1.7	1.9
	Manufacturing	185.7	228.5	111.4	110.0	104.6	102.3	98.6	52.9	52.2
	Construction	39.8	56.6	15.3	14.9	14.8	14.5	14.1	7.0	6.9
	Real estate business	325.9	362.8	124.0	123.2	120.9	119.9	117.4	59.6	58.4
	Imports	20.1	26.6	7.7	7.7	7.5	7.2	7.2	4.0	4.0
	Exports	10.0	12.4	6.3	6.1	5.5	5.2	5.2	2.5	2.6
	Wholesale and retail trade	94.5	121.0	42.2	39.6	38.8	37.3	36.6	17.2	16.3
	Public utilities and services	100.0	123.0	54.0	53.8	55.3	55.9	53.0	32.0	31.4
	Banking and other financial institutions	138.6	157.4	61.8	58.0	50.5	54.1	51.3	30.1	24.4
	Personal consumption	375.9	384.9	103.3	94.1	86.3	82.1	76.5	56.6	55.9

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 46.

Thailand: Lending of Finance Companies, Classified by Purpose, 1994-99

(In billions of baht)

		1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
		Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar,	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June
Total lending		1,301.4	1,488.2	531.8	513.5	489.8	484.0	465.3	263.6	254.0
	Agriculture, forestry, mining	10.9	15.0	5.8	6.1	5.6	5.5	5.4	1.7	1.9
	Manufacturing	185.7	228.5	111.4	110.0	104.6	102.3	98.6	52.9	52.2
	Construction	39.8	56.6	15.3	14.9	14.8	14.5	14.1	7.0	6.9
	Real estate business	325.9	362.8	124.0	123.2	120.9	119.9	117.4	59.6	58.4
	Imports	20.1	26.6	7.7	7.7	7.5	7.2	7.2	4.0	4.0
	Exports	10.0	12.4	6.3	6.1	5.5	5.2	5.2	2.5	2.6
	Wholesale and retail trade	94.5	121.0	42.2	39.6	38.8	37.3	36.6	17.2	16.3
	Public utilities and services	100.0	123.0	54.0	53.8	55.3	55.9	53.0	32.0	31.4
	Banking and other financial institutions	138.6	157.4	61.8	58.0	50.5	54.1	51.3	30.1	24.4
	Personal consumption	375.9	384.9	103.3	94.1	86.3	82.1	76.5	56.6	55.9

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 47.

Thailand: Interest Rate Structure, 1995-99

(In percent per annum; end-of-period)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Weighted average.

^{^2/}As offered by four big commercial banks.

^{^3/}Higher rates applicable to private deposits and lower rates to government deposits.

Table 47.

Thailand: Interest Rate Structure, 1995-99

(In percent per annum; end-of-period)

		1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
		Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.
Government securities
	Average repurchase rates (7 days)	9.49	11.01	22.36	21.0	17.43	7.09	3.75	2.15	1.0	0.94
Bank of Thailand
	Bank rate (loan rates)	10.50	10.50	12.50	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	7.0	5.5	4.0
Commercial banks
	Interbank lending rates ^1/	11.15	9.66	21.73	20.57	18.58	7.17	2.63	2.25	1.33	1.71
	Minimum overdraft rates ^2/	14.00-14.25	13.25-13.50	15.75-16.00	15.75-16.25	15.75-16.25	15.00-15.75	12.00-12.75	10.00-10.75	9.25-9.75	9.00-9.25
	Minimum loan rates ^2/	13.75	13.00-13.25	15.25	15.25-15.50	15.25-15.50	14.50-14.75	11.50-12.00	9.50-10.00	8.75-9.00	8.50-8.75
	Saving deposits ^2/	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.5	4.5	4.0	3.50-3.75
	3-6 months time deposit	10.50-12.50	8.75-9.75	10.00-11.50	10.00-12.25	10.00-12.00	7.25-8.75	6.0	5.0	4.75	4.37
Government Savings Banks ^3/
	Savings deposits	4.75-5.00	4.75-5.00	4.75-5.00	4.75-5.00	4.75-5.00	4.75-5.00	4.25-4.50	2.75-3.75	1.75-3.00	1.00-2.50
	6 months time deposits	10.25-10.75	8.88-9.38	10.50-11.00	11.13-11.63	11.63-13.00	8.00-8.75	550-6.00	4.50-5.00	4.50-4.88	3.00-4.13
Finance companies
	Three-month borrowing rate	9.75-13.25	9.50-12.25	12.25-15.50	10.00-16.50	13.50-16.50	8.50-11.25	5.50-7.50	5.00-8.50	4.50-8.50	2.25-6.00
	Minimum loan rate	13.55	13.70	17.33	17.61	17.13	17.03	17.09	16.0	15.91	13.5

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Weighted average.

^{^2/}As offered by four big commercial banks.

^{^3/}Higher rates applicable to private deposits and lower rates to government deposits.

Table 47.

Thailand: Interest Rate Structure, 1995-99

(In percent per annum; end-of-period)

		1995	1996	1997	1998				1999
		Dec.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.
Government securities
	Average repurchase rates (7 days)	9.49	11.01	22.36	21.0	17.43	7.09	3.75	2.15	1.0	0.94
Bank of Thailand
	Bank rate (loan rates)	10.50	10.50	12.50	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	7.0	5.5	4.0
Commercial banks
	Interbank lending rates ^1/	11.15	9.66	21.73	20.57	18.58	7.17	2.63	2.25	1.33	1.71
	Minimum overdraft rates ^2/	14.00-14.25	13.25-13.50	15.75-16.00	15.75-16.25	15.75-16.25	15.00-15.75	12.00-12.75	10.00-10.75	9.25-9.75	9.00-9.25
	Minimum loan rates ^2/	13.75	13.00-13.25	15.25	15.25-15.50	15.25-15.50	14.50-14.75	11.50-12.00	9.50-10.00	8.75-9.00	8.50-8.75
	Saving deposits ^2/	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.5	4.5	4.0	3.50-3.75
	3-6 months time deposit	10.50-12.50	8.75-9.75	10.00-11.50	10.00-12.25	10.00-12.00	7.25-8.75	6.0	5.0	4.75	4.37
Government Savings Banks ^3/
	Savings deposits	4.75-5.00	4.75-5.00	4.75-5.00	4.75-5.00	4.75-5.00	4.75-5.00	4.25-4.50	2.75-3.75	1.75-3.00	1.00-2.50
	6 months time deposits	10.25-10.75	8.88-9.38	10.50-11.00	11.13-11.63	11.63-13.00	8.00-8.75	550-6.00	4.50-5.00	4.50-4.88	3.00-4.13
Finance companies
	Three-month borrowing rate	9.75-13.25	9.50-12.25	12.25-15.50	10.00-16.50	13.50-16.50	8.50-11.25	5.50-7.50	5.00-8.50	4.50-8.50	2.25-6.00
	Minimum loan rate	13.55	13.70	17.33	17.61	17.13	17.03	17.09	16.0	15.91	13.5

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Weighted average.

^{^2/}As offered by four big commercial banks.

^{^3/}Higher rates applicable to private deposits and lower rates to government deposits.

Table 48.

Thailand: Interest Rate Differentials and Forward Discount, 1997-99

(In percent per annum at end-period)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Monthly average overnight interbank rate.

^{^2/}Domestic interest rate minus Eurodollar rate (adjusted for 10 percent withholding tax).

^{^3/}End-month.

Table 48.

Thailand: Interest Rate Differentials and Forward Discount, 1997-99

(In percent per annum at end-period)

		Eurodollar Rate	Domestic Interest Rate ^1/	Uncovered Differential ^2/	Forward Premium (+) or Discount (-)^3/
1997
	January	5.35	10.28	4.39	-5.17
	February	5.28	13.22	7.41	-4.96
	March	5.40	10.51	4.57	-3.29
	April	5.55	9.59	3.48	-2.16
	May	5.57	11.59	5.46	-9.05
	June	5.54	12.79	6.70	-10.27
	July	5.49	15.51	9.47	-6.17
	August	5.50	15.04	8.99	-12.08
	September	5.54	22.93	16.84	-7.24
	October	5.52	16.11	10.04	-7.84
	November	5.60	17.14	10.98	-8.01
	December	5.86	22.19	15.74	-8.22
1998
	January	5.52	23.43	17.36	-9.58
	February	5.52	21.34	15.27	-8.00
	March	5.56	21.74	15.62	-8.49
	April	5.52	19.46	13.39	-10,08
	May	5.52	16.37	10,30	-9.53
	June	5.54	17.77	11.68	-10.47
	July	5.55	14.35	8.25	-3.18
	August	5.56	11.34	5.22	-3.92
	September	5.47	8.35	2.33	-0.46
	October	5.24	7.26	1.50	-0.39
	November	5.14	6.56	0.91	0.20
	December	5.43	5.54	-0.43	0.49
1999
	January	5.03	4.86	-0.67	1.48
	February	4.89	4.57	-0.81	0.55
	March	4.90	4.04	-1.35	2.23
	April	4.85	3.36	4.98	1.68
	May	4.84	3.07	-2.25	242
	June	4.99	2.81	-2.68	2.30
	July	5.15	2.73	-2.94	2.71
	August	5.28	2.46	-3.35	2.86
	September	5.38	2.44	-3.48	2.70
	October	5.41	2.44	-3.51	2.83
	November	5.58	2.44	-3.7	3.80

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Monthly average overnight interbank rate.

^{^2/}Domestic interest rate minus Eurodollar rate (adjusted for 10 percent withholding tax).

^{^3/}End-month.

Table 48.

Thailand: Interest Rate Differentials and Forward Discount, 1997-99

(In percent per annum at end-period)

		Eurodollar Rate	Domestic Interest Rate ^1/	Uncovered Differential ^2/	Forward Premium (+) or Discount (-)^3/
1997
	January	5.35	10.28	4.39	-5.17
	February	5.28	13.22	7.41	-4.96
	March	5.40	10.51	4.57	-3.29
	April	5.55	9.59	3.48	-2.16
	May	5.57	11.59	5.46	-9.05
	June	5.54	12.79	6.70	-10.27
	July	5.49	15.51	9.47	-6.17
	August	5.50	15.04	8.99	-12.08
	September	5.54	22.93	16.84	-7.24
	October	5.52	16.11	10.04	-7.84
	November	5.60	17.14	10.98	-8.01
	December	5.86	22.19	15.74	-8.22
1998
	January	5.52	23.43	17.36	-9.58
	February	5.52	21.34	15.27	-8.00
	March	5.56	21.74	15.62	-8.49
	April	5.52	19.46	13.39	-10,08
	May	5.52	16.37	10,30	-9.53
	June	5.54	17.77	11.68	-10.47
	July	5.55	14.35	8.25	-3.18
	August	5.56	11.34	5.22	-3.92
	September	5.47	8.35	2.33	-0.46
	October	5.24	7.26	1.50	-0.39
	November	5.14	6.56	0.91	0.20
	December	5.43	5.54	-0.43	0.49
1999
	January	5.03	4.86	-0.67	1.48
	February	4.89	4.57	-0.81	0.55
	March	4.90	4.04	-1.35	2.23
	April	4.85	3.36	4.98	1.68
	May	4.84	3.07	-2.25	242
	June	4.99	2.81	-2.68	2.30
	July	5.15	2.73	-2.94	2.71
	August	5.28	2.46	-3.35	2.86
	September	5.38	2.44	-3.48	2.70
	October	5.41	2.44	-3.51	2.83
	November	5.58	2.44	-3.7	3.80

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Monthly average overnight interbank rate.

^{^2/}Domestic interest rate minus Eurodollar rate (adjusted for 10 percent withholding tax).

^{^3/}End-month.

Table 49.

Thailand: Flow of Credit from the Monetary System and Net Capital Inflow to Private and Public Enterprises, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 49.

Thailand: Flow of Credit from the Monetary System and Net Capital Inflow to Private and Public Enterprises, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

			1995	1996	1997				1997	1998				1998	1999
					I	II	III	IV		I	II	III	IV		I	II
Total credit			1,131.8	992.5	263.2	253.6	542.4	475.8	1,534.9	-435.1	186.1	-102.3	-210.0	-561.3	-117.7	-127.8
	Private businesses		1,061.5	955.4	238.3	254.6	507.3	467.3	1,467.4	-455.0	176.2	-94.3	-214.6	-587.7	-120.7	-137.9
	Public enterprises		70.3	37.1	24.9	-1.0	35.1	8.5	67.5	19.9	9.9	-8.0	4.6	26.4	3.0	10.1
		Financial	33.7	20.9	29.4	-10.1	1.7	0.1	21.1	17.3	5.6	-7.4	-1.8	13.7	-5.6	-6.5
		Nonfinancial	36.6	16.2	-4.5	9.1	33.4	8.4	46.4	2.6	4.3	-0.6	6.4	12.7	8.6	16.6
Credit from banking system (increase)			870.8	642.6	279.9	262.6	564.9	454.1	1,561.5	-315.0	113.0	-162.0	-139.3	-503.3	-108.7	-110.8
	Private businesses		823.5	621.7	253.4	278.0	538.7	445.8	1,515.9	-323.6	107.0	-145.7	-133.2	-495.5	-103.5	-107.0
	Public enterprises		47.3	20.9	26.5	-15.4	26.2	8.3	45.6	8.6	6.0	-16.3	-6.1	-7.8	-5.2	-3.8
		Financial	24.6	7.0	27.2	-20.6	1.5	-3.0	5.1	3.6	1.5	-16.3	-8.7	-19.9	-6.9	-8.3
		Nonfinancial	22.7	13.9	-0.7	5.2	24.7	11.3	40.5	5.0	4.5	0.0	2.6	12.1	1.7	4.5
Foreign credit (net inflow)			261.0	349.9	-16.7	-9.0	-22.5	21.7	-26.6	-120.1	73.1	59.7	-70.7	-58.0	-9.0	-17.0
	Private businesses		238.0	333.7	-15.1	-23.4	-31.4	21.5	-48.5	-131.4	69.2	51.4	-81.4	-92.2	-17.2	-30.9
	Public enterprises		23.0	16.2	-1.6	14.4	8.9	0.2	21.9	11.3	3.9	8.3	10.7	34.2	8.2	13.9
		Financial	9.1	13.9	2.2	10.5	0.2	3.1	16.0	13.7	4.1	8.9	6.9	33.6	1.3	1.8
		Nonfinancial	13.9	2.3	-3.8	3.9	8.7	-2.9	5.9	-2.4	-0.2	-0.6	3.8	0.6	6.9	12.1

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 49.

Thailand: Flow of Credit from the Monetary System and Net Capital Inflow to Private and Public Enterprises, 1995-99

(In billions of baht)

			1995	1996	1997				1997	1998				1998	1999
					I	II	III	IV		I	II	III	IV		I	II
Total credit			1,131.8	992.5	263.2	253.6	542.4	475.8	1,534.9	-435.1	186.1	-102.3	-210.0	-561.3	-117.7	-127.8
	Private businesses		1,061.5	955.4	238.3	254.6	507.3	467.3	1,467.4	-455.0	176.2	-94.3	-214.6	-587.7	-120.7	-137.9
	Public enterprises		70.3	37.1	24.9	-1.0	35.1	8.5	67.5	19.9	9.9	-8.0	4.6	26.4	3.0	10.1
		Financial	33.7	20.9	29.4	-10.1	1.7	0.1	21.1	17.3	5.6	-7.4	-1.8	13.7	-5.6	-6.5
		Nonfinancial	36.6	16.2	-4.5	9.1	33.4	8.4	46.4	2.6	4.3	-0.6	6.4	12.7	8.6	16.6
Credit from banking system (increase)			870.8	642.6	279.9	262.6	564.9	454.1	1,561.5	-315.0	113.0	-162.0	-139.3	-503.3	-108.7	-110.8
	Private businesses		823.5	621.7	253.4	278.0	538.7	445.8	1,515.9	-323.6	107.0	-145.7	-133.2	-495.5	-103.5	-107.0
	Public enterprises		47.3	20.9	26.5	-15.4	26.2	8.3	45.6	8.6	6.0	-16.3	-6.1	-7.8	-5.2	-3.8
		Financial	24.6	7.0	27.2	-20.6	1.5	-3.0	5.1	3.6	1.5	-16.3	-8.7	-19.9	-6.9	-8.3
		Nonfinancial	22.7	13.9	-0.7	5.2	24.7	11.3	40.5	5.0	4.5	0.0	2.6	12.1	1.7	4.5
Foreign credit (net inflow)			261.0	349.9	-16.7	-9.0	-22.5	21.7	-26.6	-120.1	73.1	59.7	-70.7	-58.0	-9.0	-17.0
	Private businesses		238.0	333.7	-15.1	-23.4	-31.4	21.5	-48.5	-131.4	69.2	51.4	-81.4	-92.2	-17.2	-30.9
	Public enterprises		23.0	16.2	-1.6	14.4	8.9	0.2	21.9	11.3	3.9	8.3	10.7	34.2	8.2	13.9
		Financial	9.1	13.9	2.2	10.5	0.2	3.1	16.0	13.7	4.1	8.9	6.9	33.6	1.3	1.8
		Nonfinancial	13.9	2.3	-3.8	3.9	8.7	-2.9	5.9	-2.4	-0.2	-0.6	3.8	0.6	6.9	12.1

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

Table 50.

Thailand: Foreign Investor Participation in the Securities Exchange of Thailand, 1994-99

Source: Data provided by the Stock Exchange of Thailand.

Table 50.

Thailand: Foreign Investor Participation in the Securities Exchange of Thailand, 1994-99

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998				1998	1999
						I	II	III	IV		I	II	III
Turnover involving foreign investors
	In billions of baht	885.2	808.4	892.7	805.5	224.7	98.2	85.8	183.4	592.1	157.7	340.7	271.3
	In percent of total turnover	21.0	26.3	34.3	43.3	51.8	43.2	59.3	70.0	59.8	59.4	68.5	65.3

Source: Data provided by the Stock Exchange of Thailand.

Table 50.

Thailand: Foreign Investor Participation in the Securities Exchange of Thailand, 1994-99

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998				1998	1999
						I	II	III	IV		I	II	III
Turnover involving foreign investors
	In billions of baht	885.2	808.4	892.7	805.5	224.7	98.2	85.8	183.4	592.1	157.7	340.7	271.3
	In percent of total turnover	21.0	26.3	34.3	43.3	51.8	43.2	59.3	70.0	59.8	59.4	68.5	65.3

Source: Data provided by the Stock Exchange of Thailand.

Table 51.

Thailand: Stock Market Indicators, 1994-99

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Through June 1999.

^{^2/}At market prices.

^{^3/}Including transactions through sub-brokers.

Table 51.

Thailand: Stock Market Indicators, 1994-99

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Number of quoted companies		389.0	416.0	454.0	431.0	418.0	399.0
Capitalization (billions of baht) ^2/		3,300.8	3,564.6	2,559.6	1,133.3	1,268.2	2,280.6
	Percent of GDP	90.8	85.2	55.5	24.0	27.2	…
New capital raisings (billions of baht) ^2/		137.2	129.6	117.9	65.8	489.1	394.4
Trading value (billions of baht)		2,113.9	1,535.0	1,303.1	929.6	70.9	302.6
	Percent of capitalization	64.0	43.1	50.9	82.0	5.6	13.3
Foreign/total turnover (percent) ^3/		21.0	26.3	34.3	43.3	59.8	66.1
SET index (1975=100)		1,360.1	1,280.8	831.6	372.7	355.8	521.8
	Percent change	-19.2	-5.8	-35.1	-55.2	-4.5	46.7
Average dividend yield (percent)		1.9	2.3	3.5	6.0	1.4	0.6
Average price/earnings ratio		19.5	19.8	12.0	6.6	10.0	15.4

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Through June 1999.

^{^2/}At market prices.

^{^3/}Including transactions through sub-brokers.

Table 51.

Thailand: Stock Market Indicators, 1994-99

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Number of quoted companies		389.0	416.0	454.0	431.0	418.0	399.0
Capitalization (billions of baht) ^2/		3,300.8	3,564.6	2,559.6	1,133.3	1,268.2	2,280.6
	Percent of GDP	90.8	85.2	55.5	24.0	27.2	…
New capital raisings (billions of baht) ^2/		137.2	129.6	117.9	65.8	489.1	394.4
Trading value (billions of baht)		2,113.9	1,535.0	1,303.1	929.6	70.9	302.6
	Percent of capitalization	64.0	43.1	50.9	82.0	5.6	13.3
Foreign/total turnover (percent) ^3/		21.0	26.3	34.3	43.3	59.8	66.1
SET index (1975=100)		1,360.1	1,280.8	831.6	372.7	355.8	521.8
	Percent change	-19.2	-5.8	-35.1	-55.2	-4.5	46.7
Average dividend yield (percent)		1.9	2.3	3.5	6.0	1.4	0.6
Average price/earnings ratio		19.5	19.8	12.0	6.6	10.0	15.4

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Through June 1999.

^{^2/}At market prices.

^{^3/}Including transactions through sub-brokers.

Table 52.

Thailand: Balance of Payments, 1994-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year.

^{^2/}Includes offshore spot purchases by Bank of Thailand.

^{^3/}Includes financing from bilateral creditors and structural adjustment loans from the AsDB and the World Bank.

Table 52.

Thailand: Balance of Payments, 1994-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

					1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Current account balance					-7,801	-13,206	-14,350	-3,112	14,290	5,993
	Trade balance				-8,730	-14,652	-16,148	-4,626	12,232	4,790
		Exports, f.o.b.			44,649	55,731	54,667	56,721	52,873	26,376
		Imports, c.i.f.			53,379	70,383	70,815	61,347	40,641	21,586
			Of which: Oil		3,634	4,619	6,202	5,481	3,135	1,684
	Services (net)				-199	959	1,037	1,039	1,643	1,081
		Receipts			14,213	18,664	20,995	19,528	16,548	9,283
		Payments			14,412	17,705	19,958	18,489	14,905	8,202
			Of which: Interest		2,774	4,194	5,202	5,558	5,350	2,483
Transfers (net)					1,128	487	761	475	415	122
	Of which: Official				61	42	30	18	28	20
Capital movements (net)					12,183	21,921	19,504	-12,269	-13,818	-4,361
	Medium- and long-term				4,606	9,332	11,270	9,910	6,519	3,707
		Private sector			4,628	8,140	9,941	8,291	3,736	1,278
			Direct investment		922	1,229	1,658	3,414	6,808	3,329
				Equity	798	1,074	1,520	3,227	6,281	3,222
				Loans	124	155	138	187	527	107
			Loans and credits		3,052	3,815	6,979	1,018	-3,591	-2,649
			Portfolio		654	3,096	1,304	3,859	519	598
		Public sector			-22	1,192	1,329	1,619	2,783	2,429
			Public enterprises		192	810	878	521	1,121	747
			Central government		-214	382	451	1,098	1,662	1,682
	Short-term capital ^2/				5,511	9,183	5,310	-6,518	-6,118	-3,450
	Other capital (incl. nonresident baht account)				2,066	3,406	2,924	-5,813	-2,791	-1,395
	Forwards/Swaps				0	0	0	-9,848	-11,428	-3,223
Errors and omissions					-207	-1,479	-2,985	-3,209	-2,099	-707
Overall balance					4,175	7,236	2,169	-18,590	-1,627	925
Monetary movements					-4,175	-7,236	-2,169	18,590	1,627	-925
	Monetary authorities				-4,840	-6,748	-1,697	19,698	1,526	-291
		Balance of payments support (excl. IMF) ^3/			0	0	0	5,514	3,568	1,259
		Net IMF accounts (increase -)			-43	-140	-3	2,911	678	273
		Monetary gold (increase -)			19	-16	49	201	2	0
		Holdings of SDRs (increase -)			-10	-13	-14	-423	91	75
		Foreign exchange (increase -)			-4,806	-6,579	-1,729	11,495	-2,813	-1,898
	Valuation changes				665	-488	-472	-1,108	101	-634
		Gold			-19	16	-49	-201	-2	0
		Other			684	-504	-423	-907	103	-634
Memorandum items:
	Current account as percent of GDP				-5.6	-8.0	-7.9	-2.0	12.7	9.7
	Gross reserves
		(In billions of U.S. dollars)			30.3	37.0	38.7	27.0	29.5	31.4
		(In months of following year’s imports)			6.8	6.3	6.6	5.3	8.7	9.0
Memorandum item: Forwards’Swaps (onshore)					…	…	…	-7,012	-4,097	-1,716

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year.

^{^2/}Includes offshore spot purchases by Bank of Thailand.

^{^3/}Includes financing from bilateral creditors and structural adjustment loans from the AsDB and the World Bank.

Table 52.

Thailand: Balance of Payments, 1994-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

					1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Current account balance					-7,801	-13,206	-14,350	-3,112	14,290	5,993
	Trade balance				-8,730	-14,652	-16,148	-4,626	12,232	4,790
		Exports, f.o.b.			44,649	55,731	54,667	56,721	52,873	26,376
		Imports, c.i.f.			53,379	70,383	70,815	61,347	40,641	21,586
			Of which: Oil		3,634	4,619	6,202	5,481	3,135	1,684
	Services (net)				-199	959	1,037	1,039	1,643	1,081
		Receipts			14,213	18,664	20,995	19,528	16,548	9,283
		Payments			14,412	17,705	19,958	18,489	14,905	8,202
			Of which: Interest		2,774	4,194	5,202	5,558	5,350	2,483
Transfers (net)					1,128	487	761	475	415	122
	Of which: Official				61	42	30	18	28	20
Capital movements (net)					12,183	21,921	19,504	-12,269	-13,818	-4,361
	Medium- and long-term				4,606	9,332	11,270	9,910	6,519	3,707
		Private sector			4,628	8,140	9,941	8,291	3,736	1,278
			Direct investment		922	1,229	1,658	3,414	6,808	3,329
				Equity	798	1,074	1,520	3,227	6,281	3,222
				Loans	124	155	138	187	527	107
			Loans and credits		3,052	3,815	6,979	1,018	-3,591	-2,649
			Portfolio		654	3,096	1,304	3,859	519	598
		Public sector			-22	1,192	1,329	1,619	2,783	2,429
			Public enterprises		192	810	878	521	1,121	747
			Central government		-214	382	451	1,098	1,662	1,682
	Short-term capital ^2/				5,511	9,183	5,310	-6,518	-6,118	-3,450
	Other capital (incl. nonresident baht account)				2,066	3,406	2,924	-5,813	-2,791	-1,395
	Forwards/Swaps				0	0	0	-9,848	-11,428	-3,223
Errors and omissions					-207	-1,479	-2,985	-3,209	-2,099	-707
Overall balance					4,175	7,236	2,169	-18,590	-1,627	925
Monetary movements					-4,175	-7,236	-2,169	18,590	1,627	-925
	Monetary authorities				-4,840	-6,748	-1,697	19,698	1,526	-291
		Balance of payments support (excl. IMF) ^3/			0	0	0	5,514	3,568	1,259
		Net IMF accounts (increase -)			-43	-140	-3	2,911	678	273
		Monetary gold (increase -)			19	-16	49	201	2	0
		Holdings of SDRs (increase -)			-10	-13	-14	-423	91	75
		Foreign exchange (increase -)			-4,806	-6,579	-1,729	11,495	-2,813	-1,898
	Valuation changes				665	-488	-472	-1,108	101	-634
		Gold			-19	16	-49	-201	-2	0
		Other			684	-504	-423	-907	103	-634
Memorandum items:
	Current account as percent of GDP				-5.6	-8.0	-7.9	-2.0	12.7	9.7
	Gross reserves
		(In billions of U.S. dollars)			30.3	37.0	38.7	27.0	29.5	31.4
		(In months of following year’s imports)			6.8	6.3	6.6	5.3	8.7	9.0
Memorandum item: Forwards’Swaps (onshore)					…	…	…	-7,012	-4,097	-1,716

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year.

^{^2/}Includes offshore spot purchases by Bank of Thailand.

^{^3/}Includes financing from bilateral creditors and structural adjustment loans from the AsDB and the World Bank.

Table 53.

Thailand: Value and Volume of Merchandise Exports, 1994-99 ^1/

(All values in millions of U.S. dollars; volumes in thousands of metric tons; and unit values in U.S. dollars per ton)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes exports of commercial aircraft.

^{^2/}First half of year.

^{^3/}Excludes sugar.

Table 53.

Thailand: Value and Volume of Merchandise Exports, 1994-99 ^1/

(All values in millions of U.S. dollars; volumes in thousands of metric tons; and unit values in U.S. dollars per ton)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Total exports (value)				45,395	56,726	56,000 1	58,476 1	54,630 /	27,128 ^1/
Rice
	Volume			4,859	6,198	5,460	5,567	6,540	2,889
	Value			1,564	1,960	2,012	2,080	2,098	853’
	Unit value			322	316	368	374	321	295
Rubber
	Volume			1,709	1,747	1,922	1,919	1,998	881
	Value			1,669	2,472	2,513	1,900	1,319	515
	Unit value			977	1,415	1,307	990	660	585
Maize
	Volume			145	108	57	61	137	61
	Value			23	22	17	16	21	9
	Unit value			159	204	298	262	153	148
Tin (metal)
	Volume			3	3	5	8	11	6
	Value			15	16	30	45	62	31
	Unit value			5	6	6	6	6	5
Tapioca products
	Volume			5,668	4,081	4,633	5,436	4,122	2,695
	Value			749	736	819	726	529	309
	Unit value			132	180	177	134	128	115
Sugar
	Volume			2,611	3,757	4,465	4,032	2,290	2,385
	Value			686	1,166	1,274	1,136	615	423
	Unit value			263	310	285	282	269	177
Shrimp
	Volume			175	175	161	137	142	58
	Value			1,961	2,029	1,720	1,519	1,418	518
	Unit value			11,206	11,594	10,683	11,088	9,986	8,931
Manufacturing ^3/
	Volume (1995=100)			84	100	93	101	99	97
	Value			36,137	45,276	44,372	47,046	44,242	22,517
	Unit value (1995=100)			95	100	105	103	99	102
		Of which:
			Textile products (value)	5,164	5,746	4,699	4,760	4,441	1,979
			Integrated circuits (value)	1,808	2,346	2,319	2,482	2,255	1,285
Other exports (value)				2,591	3,049	3,243	4,008	4,326	1,953
Adjustment for BOP basis				-746	-995	-1333	-1755	-1,757	-752
Merchandise exports, f.o.b.				44,649	55,731	54,667	56,721	52,873	26,376

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes exports of commercial aircraft.

^{^2/}First half of year.

^{^3/}Excludes sugar.

Table 53.

Thailand: Value and Volume of Merchandise Exports, 1994-99 ^1/

(All values in millions of U.S. dollars; volumes in thousands of metric tons; and unit values in U.S. dollars per ton)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Total exports (value)				45,395	56,726	56,000 1	58,476 1	54,630 /	27,128 ^1/
Rice
	Volume			4,859	6,198	5,460	5,567	6,540	2,889
	Value			1,564	1,960	2,012	2,080	2,098	853’
	Unit value			322	316	368	374	321	295
Rubber
	Volume			1,709	1,747	1,922	1,919	1,998	881
	Value			1,669	2,472	2,513	1,900	1,319	515
	Unit value			977	1,415	1,307	990	660	585
Maize
	Volume			145	108	57	61	137	61
	Value			23	22	17	16	21	9
	Unit value			159	204	298	262	153	148
Tin (metal)
	Volume			3	3	5	8	11	6
	Value			15	16	30	45	62	31
	Unit value			5	6	6	6	6	5
Tapioca products
	Volume			5,668	4,081	4,633	5,436	4,122	2,695
	Value			749	736	819	726	529	309
	Unit value			132	180	177	134	128	115
Sugar
	Volume			2,611	3,757	4,465	4,032	2,290	2,385
	Value			686	1,166	1,274	1,136	615	423
	Unit value			263	310	285	282	269	177
Shrimp
	Volume			175	175	161	137	142	58
	Value			1,961	2,029	1,720	1,519	1,418	518
	Unit value			11,206	11,594	10,683	11,088	9,986	8,931
Manufacturing ^3/
	Volume (1995=100)			84	100	93	101	99	97
	Value			36,137	45,276	44,372	47,046	44,242	22,517
	Unit value (1995=100)			95	100	105	103	99	102
		Of which:
			Textile products (value)	5,164	5,746	4,699	4,760	4,441	1,979
			Integrated circuits (value)	1,808	2,346	2,319	2,482	2,255	1,285
Other exports (value)				2,591	3,049	3,243	4,008	4,326	1,953
Adjustment for BOP basis				-746	-995	-1333	-1755	-1,757	-752
Merchandise exports, f.o.b.				44,649	55,731	54,667	56,721	52,873	26,376

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes exports of commercial aircraft.

^{^2/}First half of year.

^{^3/}Excludes sugar.

Table 54.

Thailand: Merchandise Exports, 1994-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars)^1/

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Data in bant provided by Thai authorities converted to U.S. dollars using implicit manufactured and total exports baht/U.S. dollar exchange rates.

^{^2/}First half of year.

^{^3/}Includes export of commercial aircrafts.

Table 54.

Thailand: Merchandise Exports, 1994-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars)^1/

			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Agricultural products			5,170	6,466	6,627	5,998	5,074	2,295
Fishery products			2,710	2,872	2,517	2,327	2,171	898
Manufactured products			36,823	46,442	45,646	48,182	44,857	22,940
	Labor intensive products		9,725	10,937	9,068	8,394	7,369	3,516
		Garments	4,014	4,110	3,156	3,118	2,980	1,292
		Footwear	1,567	2,169	1,328	1,152	928	456
		Toys, games	338	358	311	270	220	96
		Precious stones and jewelry	1,783	2,014	2,042	1,711	1,309	664
		Travel goods	421	455	400	393	417	220
		Artificial flower, foliage	100	89	66	55	54	23
		Sport requisites	300	355	344	294	228	127
		Other	1,202	1,387	1,421	1,401	1,234	638
	High-tech products		20,086	26,572	27,650	30,596	29,835	15,478
		Computer and parts	3,674	5,179	6,550	7,274	7,694	3,828
		Integrated circuits and parts	1,808	2,346	2,319	2,481	2,255	1,285
		Telecommunication equipment	395	433	508	518	534	295
		Electrical appliance	3,517	4,149	4,226	4,424	3,914	2,027
		Transformers, generator, and motors	645	995	1,194	1,468	1,232	706
		Chemical products	233	388	539	673	545	307
		Plastic products	1,211	2,505	1,252	1,577	1,712	895
		Spinning	534	670	634	682	561	278
		Fabrics	778	964	909	961	900	409
		Vehicle parts and accessories	797	659	747	1,064	1,323	848
		Base metal products	986	1,384	1,426	1,505	1,565	746
		Ball bearing	216	263	273	257	168	90
		Insulated electric wire cable	454	481	499	508	465	269
		Petroleum products	236	288	726	1,121	693	429
		Other	4,603	5,868	5,848	6,084	6,273	3,065
	Resource based products		4,141	5,191	5,359	5,352	4,693	2,604
		Sugar	686	1,166	1,274	1,136	615	423
		Molasses	44	69	79	48	34	16
		Canned seafood	1,411	1,512	1,534	1,712	1,778	758
		Cements	113	151	174	244	215	192
		Rubber products	511	826	746	800	859	418
		Canned pineapple	264	233	258	200	168	191
		Furniture and parts	779	829	822	787	689	374
		Other	333	405	472	427	334	232
	Other manufactured ^3/		2,871	3,742	3,569	3,840	2,960	1,342
Other			692	946	1,210	1,969	2,528	995
Total exports			45,395	56,726	56,000	58,476	54,630	27,128

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Data in bant provided by Thai authorities converted to U.S. dollars using implicit manufactured and total exports baht/U.S. dollar exchange rates.

^{^2/}First half of year.

^{^3/}Includes export of commercial aircrafts.

Table 54.

Thailand: Merchandise Exports, 1994-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars)^1/

			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Agricultural products			5,170	6,466	6,627	5,998	5,074	2,295
Fishery products			2,710	2,872	2,517	2,327	2,171	898
Manufactured products			36,823	46,442	45,646	48,182	44,857	22,940
	Labor intensive products		9,725	10,937	9,068	8,394	7,369	3,516
		Garments	4,014	4,110	3,156	3,118	2,980	1,292
		Footwear	1,567	2,169	1,328	1,152	928	456
		Toys, games	338	358	311	270	220	96
		Precious stones and jewelry	1,783	2,014	2,042	1,711	1,309	664
		Travel goods	421	455	400	393	417	220
		Artificial flower, foliage	100	89	66	55	54	23
		Sport requisites	300	355	344	294	228	127
		Other	1,202	1,387	1,421	1,401	1,234	638
	High-tech products		20,086	26,572	27,650	30,596	29,835	15,478
		Computer and parts	3,674	5,179	6,550	7,274	7,694	3,828
		Integrated circuits and parts	1,808	2,346	2,319	2,481	2,255	1,285
		Telecommunication equipment	395	433	508	518	534	295
		Electrical appliance	3,517	4,149	4,226	4,424	3,914	2,027
		Transformers, generator, and motors	645	995	1,194	1,468	1,232	706
		Chemical products	233	388	539	673	545	307
		Plastic products	1,211	2,505	1,252	1,577	1,712	895
		Spinning	534	670	634	682	561	278
		Fabrics	778	964	909	961	900	409
		Vehicle parts and accessories	797	659	747	1,064	1,323	848
		Base metal products	986	1,384	1,426	1,505	1,565	746
		Ball bearing	216	263	273	257	168	90
		Insulated electric wire cable	454	481	499	508	465	269
		Petroleum products	236	288	726	1,121	693	429
		Other	4,603	5,868	5,848	6,084	6,273	3,065
	Resource based products		4,141	5,191	5,359	5,352	4,693	2,604
		Sugar	686	1,166	1,274	1,136	615	423
		Molasses	44	69	79	48	34	16
		Canned seafood	1,411	1,512	1,534	1,712	1,778	758
		Cements	113	151	174	244	215	192
		Rubber products	511	826	746	800	859	418
		Canned pineapple	264	233	258	200	168	191
		Furniture and parts	779	829	822	787	689	374
		Other	333	405	472	427	334	232
	Other manufactured ^3/		2,871	3,742	3,569	3,840	2,960	1,342
Other			692	946	1,210	1,969	2,528	995
Total exports			45,395	56,726	56,000	58,476	54,630	27,128

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Data in bant provided by Thai authorities converted to U.S. dollars using implicit manufactured and total exports baht/U.S. dollar exchange rates.

^{^2/}First half of year.

^{^3/}Includes export of commercial aircrafts.

Table 55.

Thailand: Quarterly Merchandise Exports, 1998-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars) ^1/

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Data in baht provided by Thai authorities converted to U.S. dollars using implicit manufactured and total exports baht/U.S. dollar exchange rates.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 55.

Thailand: Quarterly Merchandise Exports, 1998-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars) ^1/

			1998				1998	1999		1999 ^2/
			I	II	III	IV	1998	I	II	1999 ^2/
Agricultural products			1,462	1,164	1,220	1,228	5,074	1,187	1,108	2,295
Fishery products			539	506	494	633	2,171	445	454	898
Manufactured products			11,052	10,992	11,416	11,397	44,857	10,950	11,990	22,940
	Labor intensive products		1,741	1,795	1,944	1,890	7,369	1,695	1,821	3,516
		Garments	674	763	822	721	2,980	610	682	1,292
		Footwear	251	220	198	260	928	242	214	456
		Toys, games	39	52	73	56	220	41	54	96
		Precious stones and jewelry	338	291	324	355	1,309	317	347	664
		Travel goods	91	104	120	102	417	98	123	220
		Artificial flower, foliage	12	14	16	13	54	11	13	23
		Sport requisites	52	59	68	49	228	54	73	127
		Other	285	292	324	334	1,234	321	316	638
	High-tech products		7,236	7,305	7,613	7,680	29,835	7,415	8,064	15,478
		Computer and parts	1,853	1,743	1,981	2,116	7,694	1,886	1,942	3,828
		Integrated circuits and parts	566	550	550	590	2,255	610	675	1,285
		Telecommunication equipment	123	119	147	145	534	138	157	295
		Electrical appliance	1,002	1,027	1,004	881	3,914	981	1,046	2,027
		Transformers, generator, and motors	313	270	324	325	1,232	347	360	706
		Chemical products	120	155	133	137	545	129	178	307
		Plastic products	425	425	434	428	1,712	427	468	895
		Spinning	14S	140	132	140	561	137	141	278
		Fabrics	222	229	232	217	900	192	218	409
		Vehicle parts and accessories	250	304	329	440	1,323	351	496	848
		Base metal products	379	399	386	402	1,565	351	395	746
		Ball bearing	45	39	40	45	168	43	47	90
		Insulated electric wire cable	112	114	127	112	465	143	126	269
		Petroleum products	174	170	208	141	693	191	238	429
		Other	1,505	1,621	1,587	1,559	6,273	1,488	1,577	3,065
	Resource based products		1,244	1,175	1,126	1,148	4,693	1,204	1,400	2,604
		Sugar	284	185	104	42	615	148	275	423
		Molasses	12	11	8	3	34	6	10	16
		Canned seafood	402	404	478	493	1,778	357	402	758
		Cements	52	55	50	58	215	86	105	192
		Rubber products	204	228	214	213	859	207	210	418
		Canned pineapple	53	43	19	53	168	102	90	191
		Furniture and parts	146	165	180	198	689	182	192	374
		Other	91	82	73	88	334	116	116	232
	Other manufactured		831	717	733	679	2,960	637	705	1,342
Other			596	744	565	624	2,528	533	461	994
Total exports			13,649	13,405	13,694	13,882	54,630	13,115	14,013	27,128

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Data in baht provided by Thai authorities converted to U.S. dollars using implicit manufactured and total exports baht/U.S. dollar exchange rates.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 55.

Thailand: Quarterly Merchandise Exports, 1998-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars) ^1/

			1998				1998	1999		1999 ^2/
			I	II	III	IV	1998	I	II	1999 ^2/
Agricultural products			1,462	1,164	1,220	1,228	5,074	1,187	1,108	2,295
Fishery products			539	506	494	633	2,171	445	454	898
Manufactured products			11,052	10,992	11,416	11,397	44,857	10,950	11,990	22,940
	Labor intensive products		1,741	1,795	1,944	1,890	7,369	1,695	1,821	3,516
		Garments	674	763	822	721	2,980	610	682	1,292
		Footwear	251	220	198	260	928	242	214	456
		Toys, games	39	52	73	56	220	41	54	96
		Precious stones and jewelry	338	291	324	355	1,309	317	347	664
		Travel goods	91	104	120	102	417	98	123	220
		Artificial flower, foliage	12	14	16	13	54	11	13	23
		Sport requisites	52	59	68	49	228	54	73	127
		Other	285	292	324	334	1,234	321	316	638
	High-tech products		7,236	7,305	7,613	7,680	29,835	7,415	8,064	15,478
		Computer and parts	1,853	1,743	1,981	2,116	7,694	1,886	1,942	3,828
		Integrated circuits and parts	566	550	550	590	2,255	610	675	1,285
		Telecommunication equipment	123	119	147	145	534	138	157	295
		Electrical appliance	1,002	1,027	1,004	881	3,914	981	1,046	2,027
		Transformers, generator, and motors	313	270	324	325	1,232	347	360	706
		Chemical products	120	155	133	137	545	129	178	307
		Plastic products	425	425	434	428	1,712	427	468	895
		Spinning	14S	140	132	140	561	137	141	278
		Fabrics	222	229	232	217	900	192	218	409
		Vehicle parts and accessories	250	304	329	440	1,323	351	496	848
		Base metal products	379	399	386	402	1,565	351	395	746
		Ball bearing	45	39	40	45	168	43	47	90
		Insulated electric wire cable	112	114	127	112	465	143	126	269
		Petroleum products	174	170	208	141	693	191	238	429
		Other	1,505	1,621	1,587	1,559	6,273	1,488	1,577	3,065
	Resource based products		1,244	1,175	1,126	1,148	4,693	1,204	1,400	2,604
		Sugar	284	185	104	42	615	148	275	423
		Molasses	12	11	8	3	34	6	10	16
		Canned seafood	402	404	478	493	1,778	357	402	758
		Cements	52	55	50	58	215	86	105	192
		Rubber products	204	228	214	213	859	207	210	418
		Canned pineapple	53	43	19	53	168	102	90	191
		Furniture and parts	146	165	180	198	689	182	192	374
		Other	91	82	73	88	334	116	116	232
	Other manufactured		831	717	733	679	2,960	637	705	1,342
Other			596	744	565	624	2,528	533	461	994
Total exports			13,649	13,405	13,694	13,882	54,630	13,115	14,013	27,128

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Data in baht provided by Thai authorities converted to U.S. dollars using implicit manufactured and total exports baht/U.S. dollar exchange rates.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 56.

Thailand: Value and Volume of Imports by Economic Classification, 1994-99

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year.

^{^2/}Includes commercial aircraft but excludes operational lease arrangements.

^{^3/}Includes military imports and nonmonetary gold.

Table 56.

Thailand: Value and Volume of Imports by Economic Classification, 1994-99

			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Total imports			54,870	71,527	72,767	63,147	41,899	22,210
	Consumer goods		5,747	7,291	7,596	6,698	4,836	2,528
		Nondurable	2,215	2,664	2,873	2,660	1,872	1,008
		Durable	3,532	4,627	4,723	4,038	2,964	1,520
	Capital goods ^2/		24,665	32,049	33,493	30,054	20,749	10,626
	Intermediate goods		15,658	20,439	18,670	16,379	11,610	6,352
		For consumer goods	10,544	13,317	12,331	11,060	8,664	4,592
		For capital goods	5,114	7,122	6,339	5,319	2,946	1,760
	Fuel and lubricants		3,636	4,622	6,203	5,481	3,134	1,684
		Crude oil	2,155	2,873	4,457	4,669	2,874	1,521
		Oil products	1,481	1,749	1,746	812	260	163
	Motor vehicles and parts		3,773	4,887	4,605	2,423	495	459
	Other ^3/		1,391	2,239	2,200	2,112	1,075	561
Adjustment for BOP basis			-1,491	-1,144	-1,953	-1,800	-1,258	-624
Merchandise imports, c.i.f.			53,379	70,383	70,814	61,347	40,641	21,586
			(Percent changes; volumes)
Total imports			18.4	14.3	-1.9	-10.4	-27.4	16.2
	Consumer goods		19.5	17.4	-9.7	-9.8	-18.4	15.8
	Capital goods		21.4	15.5	-0.8	-7.5	-31.5	6.2
	Intermediate goods		12.7	10.9	-11.9	-2.3	-18.3	28.4
	Fuel and lubricants		13.1	16.5	12.3	-12.3	-16.3	29.2
	Other		3.2	28.8	5.2	-52.3	-78.4	71.1
Total non-oil imports			16.5	16.2	-2.2	-10.0	-28.4	14.8

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year.

^{^2/}Includes commercial aircraft but excludes operational lease arrangements.

^{^3/}Includes military imports and nonmonetary gold.

Table 56.

Thailand: Value and Volume of Imports by Economic Classification, 1994-99

			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Total imports			54,870	71,527	72,767	63,147	41,899	22,210
	Consumer goods		5,747	7,291	7,596	6,698	4,836	2,528
		Nondurable	2,215	2,664	2,873	2,660	1,872	1,008
		Durable	3,532	4,627	4,723	4,038	2,964	1,520
	Capital goods ^2/		24,665	32,049	33,493	30,054	20,749	10,626
	Intermediate goods		15,658	20,439	18,670	16,379	11,610	6,352
		For consumer goods	10,544	13,317	12,331	11,060	8,664	4,592
		For capital goods	5,114	7,122	6,339	5,319	2,946	1,760
	Fuel and lubricants		3,636	4,622	6,203	5,481	3,134	1,684
		Crude oil	2,155	2,873	4,457	4,669	2,874	1,521
		Oil products	1,481	1,749	1,746	812	260	163
	Motor vehicles and parts		3,773	4,887	4,605	2,423	495	459
	Other ^3/		1,391	2,239	2,200	2,112	1,075	561
Adjustment for BOP basis			-1,491	-1,144	-1,953	-1,800	-1,258	-624
Merchandise imports, c.i.f.			53,379	70,383	70,814	61,347	40,641	21,586
			(Percent changes; volumes)
Total imports			18.4	14.3	-1.9	-10.4	-27.4	16.2
	Consumer goods		19.5	17.4	-9.7	-9.8	-18.4	15.8
	Capital goods		21.4	15.5	-0.8	-7.5	-31.5	6.2
	Intermediate goods		12.7	10.9	-11.9	-2.3	-18.3	28.4
	Fuel and lubricants		13.1	16.5	12.3	-12.3	-16.3	29.2
	Other		3.2	28.8	5.2	-52.3	-78.4	71.1
Total non-oil imports			16.5	16.2	-2.2	-10.0	-28.4	14.8

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year.

^{^2/}Includes commercial aircraft but excludes operational lease arrangements.

^{^3/}Includes military imports and nonmonetary gold.

Table 57.

Thailand: Quarterly Value and Volume of Imports by Economic Classification, 1998-99.

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year

^{^2/}Includes commercial aircraft but excludes operational lease arrangements.

^{^3/}Includes military imports and nonmonetary gold.

Table 57.

Thailand: Quarterly Value and Volume of Imports by Economic Classification, 1998-99.

			1998				1998	1999		1999 ^1/
			I	II	III	IV	1998	I	II	1999 ^1/
			(In millions of U.S. dollars)
Total			10,460	10,668	10,450	10,321	41,899	10,319	11,891	22,210
	Consumer goods		1,241	1,189	1,169	1,237	4,836	1,212	1,316	2,528
		Nondurable	476	452	465	480	1,873	483	524	1,008
		Durable	765	737	704	757	2,963	729	792	1,520
	Capital goods ^2/		5,475	5,162	5,111	5,002	20,750	5,001	5,626	10,626
	Intermediate goods		2,729	3,084	2,916	2,881	11,610	2,952	3,400	6,352
		For consumer goods	2,062	2,307	2,160	2,135	8,664	2,140	2,452	4,592
		For capital goods	667	777	756	746	2,946	812	948	1,760
	Fuel and lubricants		671	842	859	763	3,135	666	1,018	1,684
		Crude oil	623	768	795	688	2,874	601	920	1,521
		Oil products	48	74	64	75	261	65	98	163
	Motor vehicles and parts		86	123	144	145	498	200	258	459
	Other ^3/		258	268	251	293	1,070	288	273	561
Adjustment for BOP basis			-339	-316	-338	-265	-1,258	-298	-326	-624
Merchandise imports, c.i.f.			10,121	10,352	10,112	10,056	40,641	10,021	11,565	21,586
			(Percent changes; volumes)
Total			-33.2	-33.3	-27.3	-11.7	-27.4	8.8	23.6	16.2
	Consumer goods		-22.3	-24.6	-18.9	-5.7	-18.4	11.3	20.3	15.8
	Capital goods		-29.7	-39.8	-31.0	-23.4	-31.5	-7.7	21.7	6.2
	Intermediate goods		-32.3	-21.3	-17.7	5.1	-18.3	29.1	27.7	28.4
	Fuel and lubricants		-32.0	-14.0	-6.0	-12.1	-16.3	32.2	22.8	29.2
	Other		-87.7	-82.0	-68.7	-40.9	-78.4	71.1	73.4	71.1
Total non-oil imports			-33.5	-34.5	-28.9	-12.2	-28.4	6.7	23.3	14.8

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year

^{^2/}Includes commercial aircraft but excludes operational lease arrangements.

^{^3/}Includes military imports and nonmonetary gold.

Table 57.

Thailand: Quarterly Value and Volume of Imports by Economic Classification, 1998-99.

			1998				1998	1999		1999 ^1/
			I	II	III	IV	1998	I	II	1999 ^1/
			(In millions of U.S. dollars)
Total			10,460	10,668	10,450	10,321	41,899	10,319	11,891	22,210
	Consumer goods		1,241	1,189	1,169	1,237	4,836	1,212	1,316	2,528
		Nondurable	476	452	465	480	1,873	483	524	1,008
		Durable	765	737	704	757	2,963	729	792	1,520
	Capital goods ^2/		5,475	5,162	5,111	5,002	20,750	5,001	5,626	10,626
	Intermediate goods		2,729	3,084	2,916	2,881	11,610	2,952	3,400	6,352
		For consumer goods	2,062	2,307	2,160	2,135	8,664	2,140	2,452	4,592
		For capital goods	667	777	756	746	2,946	812	948	1,760
	Fuel and lubricants		671	842	859	763	3,135	666	1,018	1,684
		Crude oil	623	768	795	688	2,874	601	920	1,521
		Oil products	48	74	64	75	261	65	98	163
	Motor vehicles and parts		86	123	144	145	498	200	258	459
	Other ^3/		258	268	251	293	1,070	288	273	561
Adjustment for BOP basis			-339	-316	-338	-265	-1,258	-298	-326	-624
Merchandise imports, c.i.f.			10,121	10,352	10,112	10,056	40,641	10,021	11,565	21,586
			(Percent changes; volumes)
Total			-33.2	-33.3	-27.3	-11.7	-27.4	8.8	23.6	16.2
	Consumer goods		-22.3	-24.6	-18.9	-5.7	-18.4	11.3	20.3	15.8
	Capital goods		-29.7	-39.8	-31.0	-23.4	-31.5	-7.7	21.7	6.2
	Intermediate goods		-32.3	-21.3	-17.7	5.1	-18.3	29.1	27.7	28.4
	Fuel and lubricants		-32.0	-14.0	-6.0	-12.1	-16.3	32.2	22.8	29.2
	Other		-87.7	-82.0	-68.7	-40.9	-78.4	71.1	73.4	71.1
Total non-oil imports			-33.5	-34.5	-28.9	-12.2	-28.4	6.7	23.3	14.8

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year

^{^2/}Includes commercial aircraft but excludes operational lease arrangements.

^{^3/}Includes military imports and nonmonetary gold.

Table 58.

Thailand: Trade Indices and Terms of Trade, 1996-99 ^1/

(1995=100)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities

^{^1/}In terms of U.S. dollars and based on customs data.

^{^2/}First half of year.

^{^3/}From January 1996 onmards, for both export and import categories, unit values indices are calculated by using Fisher chained method where 1995=100.

Table 58.

Thailand: Trade Indices and Terms of Trade, 1996-99 ^1/

(1995=100)

		1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Exports ^3/
	Volume	98.10	105.56	113.89	116.86
	Value	96.20	99.86	93.07	93.72
	Unit value	102.10	98.73	112.36	110.22
Imports ^3/
	Volume	93.60	83.66	60.94	70.88
	Value	100.60	87.15	57.73	60.85
	Unit value	107.60	104.01	94.89	86.07
Terms of trade		94.89	94.93	118.40	128.07
		(Percent change)
Memorandum items:
Exports ^3/
	Volume	-1.9	7.6	7.9	2.6
	Value	-3.8	3.8	-6.8	0.7
	Unit value	2.1	-3.3	13.8	-1.9
Imports ^3/
	Volume	-6.4	-10.6	-27.2	16.3
	Value	0.6	-13.4	-33.8	5.4
	Unit value	7.6	-3.3	-8.8	-9.3
Terms of trade		-5.1	0.0	24.7	8.2

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities

^{^1/}In terms of U.S. dollars and based on customs data.

^{^2/}First half of year.

^{^3/}From January 1996 onmards, for both export and import categories, unit values indices are calculated by using Fisher chained method where 1995=100.

Table 58.

Thailand: Trade Indices and Terms of Trade, 1996-99 ^1/

(1995=100)

		1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Exports ^3/
	Volume	98.10	105.56	113.89	116.86
	Value	96.20	99.86	93.07	93.72
	Unit value	102.10	98.73	112.36	110.22
Imports ^3/
	Volume	93.60	83.66	60.94	70.88
	Value	100.60	87.15	57.73	60.85
	Unit value	107.60	104.01	94.89	86.07
Terms of trade		94.89	94.93	118.40	128.07
		(Percent change)
Memorandum items:
Exports ^3/
	Volume	-1.9	7.6	7.9	2.6
	Value	-3.8	3.8	-6.8	0.7
	Unit value	2.1	-3.3	13.8	-1.9
Imports ^3/
	Volume	-6.4	-10.6	-27.2	16.3
	Value	0.6	-13.4	-33.8	5.4
	Unit value	7.6	-3.3	-8.8	-9.3
Terms of trade		-5.1	0.0	24.7	8.2

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities

^{^1/}In terms of U.S. dollars and based on customs data.

^{^2/}First half of year.

^{^3/}From January 1996 onmards, for both export and import categories, unit values indices are calculated by using Fisher chained method where 1995=100.

Table 59.

Thailand: Direction of Trade, 1994-99 ^1/

(In percent of total)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Customs data.

^{^2/}First half of year

Table 59.

Thailand: Direction of Trade, 1994-99 ^1/

(In percent of total)

			Exports						Imports
			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Japan			17	17	17	15	14	14	30	31	28	26	24	24
United States			21	18	18	20	22	21	12	12	13	14	14	14
European Union			15	15	16	16	18	17	14	14	15	14	12	13
	Of which:
		Netherlands	3	3	3	3	4	4	1	1	1	1	1	1
		Germany	4	3	3	2	3	3	6	5	5	5	4	3
		United Kingdom	3	3	3	4	4	4	2	2	2	2	2	1
		France	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	2	1	2	4
		Italy	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	1	1	1
		Belgium	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	1
		Other	1	2	3	3	3	1	0	0	2	3	1	2
ASEAN			18	19	19	19	15	16	13	13	13	12	14	15
	Of which:
		Singapore	14	14	12	11	9	9	6	6	6	5	6	6
		Malaysia	2	3	4	4	3	4	5	5	5	5	5	5
		Indonesia	1	1	2	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	2	2
Newly industrialized economies			8	8	11	11	9	11	10	9	9	10	11	10
	Hong Kong		5	5	6	6	5	5	1	1	1	1	2	1
	Korea		1	1	2	2	1	2	4	3	4	4	4	4
	Taiwan Province of China		2	2	3	3	3	4	5	5	4	5	5	5
Indochina and Myanmar			2	3	3	3	3	3	1	1	0	1	1	1
China			2	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	4	4	5
Australia			1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Canada			1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Saudi Arabia			1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Switzerland			1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Other			13	13	8	8	11	10	12	12	14	15	15	13
		Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Customs data.

^{^2/}First half of year

Table 59.

Thailand: Direction of Trade, 1994-99 ^1/

(In percent of total)

			Exports						Imports
			1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Japan			17	17	17	15	14	14	30	31	28	26	24	24
United States			21	18	18	20	22	21	12	12	13	14	14	14
European Union			15	15	16	16	18	17	14	14	15	14	12	13
	Of which:
		Netherlands	3	3	3	3	4	4	1	1	1	1	1	1
		Germany	4	3	3	2	3	3	6	5	5	5	4	3
		United Kingdom	3	3	3	4	4	4	2	2	2	2	2	1
		France	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	2	1	2	4
		Italy	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	1	1	1
		Belgium	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	1
		Other	1	2	3	3	3	1	0	0	2	3	1	2
ASEAN			18	19	19	19	15	16	13	13	13	12	14	15
	Of which:
		Singapore	14	14	12	11	9	9	6	6	6	5	6	6
		Malaysia	2	3	4	4	3	4	5	5	5	5	5	5
		Indonesia	1	1	2	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	2	2
Newly industrialized economies			8	8	11	11	9	11	10	9	9	10	11	10
	Hong Kong		5	5	6	6	5	5	1	1	1	1	2	1
	Korea		1	1	2	2	1	2	4	3	4	4	4	4
	Taiwan Province of China		2	2	3	3	3	4	5	5	4	5	5	5
Indochina and Myanmar			2	3	3	3	3	3	1	1	0	1	1	1
China			2	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	4	4	5
Australia			1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Canada			1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Saudi Arabia			1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Switzerland			1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Other			13	13	8	8	11	10	12	12	14	15	15	13
		Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Customs data.

^{^2/}First half of year

Table 60.

Thailand: External Services Transactions, 1994-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year.

^{^2/}Includes operational leasing of commercial aircraft.

Table 60.

Thailand: External Services Transactions, 1994-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Receipts				14,213	18,664	20,995	19,528	16,548	9,283
	Freight and insurance			455	625	712	631	479	244
	Other transportation			1,394	1,873	1,955	1,787	2,206	1,119
	Travel			6,067	8,043	9,097	7,677	6,202	3,808
	Investment income			1,282	2,108	2,165	2,084	1,908	820
	Government, n.i.e.			215	194	304	145	82	41
	Other			4,800	5,821	6,762	7,204	5,671	3,251
		Of which:
			Workers’ remittances from abroad	1,282	1,697	1,807	1,664	1,426	687
Payments				14,412	17,705	19,958	18,489	14,905	8,202
	Freight and insurance			634	849	992	898	523	234
	Other transportation			487	656	594	549	446	265
	Travel			4,066	4,275	4,289	3,425	1,970	1,633
	Investment income			4,296	5,919	7,361	7,204	6,925	3,438
		Of which:
			Interest payments	2,774	4,194	5,202	5,558	5,350	2,483
	Government, n.i.e.			165	203	272	214	126	63
	Other ^2/			4,764	5,803	6,450	6,199	4,915	2,569
Net services				-199	959	1,037	1,039	1,643	1,081
	Freight and insurance			-179	-224	-280	-267	-44	10
	Other transportation			907	1,217	1,361	1,238	1,760	854
	Travel			2,001	3,768	4,808	4,252	4,232	2,175
	Investment income			-3,014	-3,811	-5,196	-5,120	-5,017	-2,618
	Government, n.i.e.			50	-9	32	-69	-44	-22
	Other			36	18	312	1,005	756	682

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year.

^{^2/}Includes operational leasing of commercial aircraft.

Table 60.

Thailand: External Services Transactions, 1994-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Receipts				14,213	18,664	20,995	19,528	16,548	9,283
	Freight and insurance			455	625	712	631	479	244
	Other transportation			1,394	1,873	1,955	1,787	2,206	1,119
	Travel			6,067	8,043	9,097	7,677	6,202	3,808
	Investment income			1,282	2,108	2,165	2,084	1,908	820
	Government, n.i.e.			215	194	304	145	82	41
	Other			4,800	5,821	6,762	7,204	5,671	3,251
		Of which:
			Workers’ remittances from abroad	1,282	1,697	1,807	1,664	1,426	687
Payments				14,412	17,705	19,958	18,489	14,905	8,202
	Freight and insurance			634	849	992	898	523	234
	Other transportation			487	656	594	549	446	265
	Travel			4,066	4,275	4,289	3,425	1,970	1,633
	Investment income			4,296	5,919	7,361	7,204	6,925	3,438
		Of which:
			Interest payments	2,774	4,194	5,202	5,558	5,350	2,483
	Government, n.i.e.			165	203	272	214	126	63
	Other ^2/			4,764	5,803	6,450	6,199	4,915	2,569
Net services				-199	959	1,037	1,039	1,643	1,081
	Freight and insurance			-179	-224	-280	-267	-44	10
	Other transportation			907	1,217	1,361	1,238	1,760	854
	Travel			2,001	3,768	4,808	4,252	4,232	2,175
	Investment income			-3,014	-3,811	-5,196	-5,120	-5,017	-2,618
	Government, n.i.e.			50	-9	32	-69	-44	-22
	Other			36	18	312	1,005	756	682

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of year.

^{^2/}Includes operational leasing of commercial aircraft.

Table 61.

Thailand: Net Medium-and Long-Term Nonmonetary Capital Flows by Borrower, 1994-99.

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

1/ First half of year.

^{^2/}Includes bonds issued in Thailand and held by non residients.

^{^3/}Excludes structural adjustment loans from the AsDB and the World Bank disbursed as part of the original financing package.

Table 61.

Thailand: Net Medium-and Long-Term Nonmonetary Capital Flows by Borrower, 1994-99.

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

					1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999
Total					4,607	9,332	11,270	7,713	3,037	2,598
Private sector					4,628	8,140	9,941	6,744	1,890	932
	Direct investment				922	1,229	1,658	3,414	6,808	3,001
		Foreign direct investment			1,416	2,116	2,591	3,781	6,940	3,329
			Equity capital		1,292	1,961	2,453	3,593	6,413	3,222
				Bank	43	66	68	106	2274	1,231
				Nonbank	1,249	1,895	2,385	3,437	4139	1,991
			Loans		124	155	138	188	527	107
		Thai investment abroad			-494	-887	-933	-367	-132	-328
			Bank		-72	-52	-117	80	-10	-36
			Nonbank		-422	-835	-816	-447	-122	-292
	Portfolio investment				1,214	3,154	1,359	3,861	-460	598
		Bank			575	741	-604	-626	-720	82
		Nonbank			639	2,413	1,963	4,487	260	516
			Equity securities		-394	2,122	1,123	3,988	330	517
				Inflow	6,368	7,031	7,261	21,379	6,876	2,629
				Outflow	6,762	4,909	6,138	17,391	6,546	2,112
			Debt securities		1,033	291	840	499	-70	-1
				Inflow	1,040	300	909	542	52	2
				Outflow	7	9	69	43	122	3
	Long-term loans				3,052	3,815	6,979	-777	-4,681	-2,649
		Bank			3,197	1,081	1,707	-1,494	-4,151	-1,900
			BIBF		1,584	830	1,528	-442	-4,832	-1,558
			Non-BIBF		1,613	251	179	-1,052	681	-342
		Nonbank			-145	2,734	5,272	717	-530	-749
			Drawings		3,067	5,255	7,411	4,133	4,169	1,124
				Trade credits	17	1	0	4	731	0
				Other	3,050	5,254	7,411	4,129	3,438	1,124
			Repayments		3,212	2,521	2,139	3,416	4,699	1,873
				Trade credits	257	151	82	9	866	0
				Other	2,955	2,370	2,057	3,407	3,833	1,873
	Others (net)				-560	-58	-55	246	223	-18
		Bank			0	0	0	0	0	0
		Nonbank			-560	-58	-55	246	223	-18
Public enterprises					193	810	878	521	1,121	747
	Long-term loans				137	847	246	194	846	594
		Drawings			1,220	1,632	1,075	1,037	1,565	952
			Trade credits		2	5	2	0	0	0
			Other		1,218	1,627	1,073	1.037	1,565	952
		Repayments			1,083	785	829	843	719	358
			Trade credits		143	53	39	26	0	0
			Other		940	732	790	817	719	358
	Portfolio investment (net) ^2/				126	52	600	501	223	178
	Others (net)				-70	-89	32	-174	52	-25
Central government ^3/					-214	382	451	448	26	919
	Long-term loans				5	180	586	160	151	941
		Drawings			944	674	869	484	294	1,037
		Repayments			939	494	283	324	143	96
	Other (net)				-219	202	-135	288	-125	-22

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

1/ First half of year.

^{^2/}Includes bonds issued in Thailand and held by non residients.

^{^3/}Excludes structural adjustment loans from the AsDB and the World Bank disbursed as part of the original financing package.

Table 61.

Thailand: Net Medium-and Long-Term Nonmonetary Capital Flows by Borrower, 1994-99.

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

					1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999
Total					4,607	9,332	11,270	7,713	3,037	2,598
Private sector					4,628	8,140	9,941	6,744	1,890	932
	Direct investment				922	1,229	1,658	3,414	6,808	3,001
		Foreign direct investment			1,416	2,116	2,591	3,781	6,940	3,329
			Equity capital		1,292	1,961	2,453	3,593	6,413	3,222
				Bank	43	66	68	106	2274	1,231
				Nonbank	1,249	1,895	2,385	3,437	4139	1,991
			Loans		124	155	138	188	527	107
		Thai investment abroad			-494	-887	-933	-367	-132	-328
			Bank		-72	-52	-117	80	-10	-36
			Nonbank		-422	-835	-816	-447	-122	-292
	Portfolio investment				1,214	3,154	1,359	3,861	-460	598
		Bank			575	741	-604	-626	-720	82
		Nonbank			639	2,413	1,963	4,487	260	516
			Equity securities		-394	2,122	1,123	3,988	330	517
				Inflow	6,368	7,031	7,261	21,379	6,876	2,629
				Outflow	6,762	4,909	6,138	17,391	6,546	2,112
			Debt securities		1,033	291	840	499	-70	-1
				Inflow	1,040	300	909	542	52	2
				Outflow	7	9	69	43	122	3
	Long-term loans				3,052	3,815	6,979	-777	-4,681	-2,649
		Bank			3,197	1,081	1,707	-1,494	-4,151	-1,900
			BIBF		1,584	830	1,528	-442	-4,832	-1,558
			Non-BIBF		1,613	251	179	-1,052	681	-342
		Nonbank			-145	2,734	5,272	717	-530	-749
			Drawings		3,067	5,255	7,411	4,133	4,169	1,124
				Trade credits	17	1	0	4	731	0
				Other	3,050	5,254	7,411	4,129	3,438	1,124
			Repayments		3,212	2,521	2,139	3,416	4,699	1,873
				Trade credits	257	151	82	9	866	0
				Other	2,955	2,370	2,057	3,407	3,833	1,873
	Others (net)				-560	-58	-55	246	223	-18
		Bank			0	0	0	0	0	0
		Nonbank			-560	-58	-55	246	223	-18
Public enterprises					193	810	878	521	1,121	747
	Long-term loans				137	847	246	194	846	594
		Drawings			1,220	1,632	1,075	1,037	1,565	952
			Trade credits		2	5	2	0	0	0
			Other		1,218	1,627	1,073	1.037	1,565	952
		Repayments			1,083	785	829	843	719	358
			Trade credits		143	53	39	26	0	0
			Other		940	732	790	817	719	358
	Portfolio investment (net) ^2/				126	52	600	501	223	178
	Others (net)				-70	-89	32	-174	52	-25
Central government ^3/					-214	382	451	448	26	919
	Long-term loans				5	180	586	160	151	941
		Drawings			944	674	869	484	294	1,037
		Repayments			939	494	283	324	143	96
	Other (net)				-219	202	-135	288	-125	-22

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

1/ First half of year.

^{^2/}Includes bonds issued in Thailand and held by non residients.

^{^3/}Excludes structural adjustment loans from the AsDB and the World Bank disbursed as part of the original financing package.

Table 62.

Thailand: Net Short-Term Nonmonetary Capital Flows by Borrower, 1994-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of 1999.

^{^2/}Consists mostly of unidentified portfolio flows.

Table 62.

Thailand: Net Short-Term Nonmonetary Capital Flows by Borrower, 1994-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Total				5,511	9,183	5,310	-9,065	-14,440	-8,571
Private sector (net)				5,331	9,275	5,336	-9,033	-14,570	-8,551
	Borrowings			6,285	12,013	1,563	-6,701	-10,871	-5,591
		Banks		11,105	12,141	176	-2,018	-7,145	-4,123
			BIBF	8,788	8,562	2,455	-1,221	-4,490	-3,389
			Non-BIBF	2,317	3,579	-2,279	-797	-2,655	-734
		Nonbanks		-4,820	-128	1,387	-4,683	-3,726	-1,468
			Trade credits	696	407	-63	-211	-369	314
			Loans	-5,987	-1,410	-75	-4,555	-3,621	-1,776
			Debt securities	471	875	1,525	83	264	-6
	Bank assets			-953	-2,738	3,773	-2,332	-3,699	-2,960
Public enterprises (net)				0	0	20	0	130	-20
	Trade credits			0	0	0	0	0	0
	Others			0	0	20	0	130	-20
Central government (net)				180	-92	-46	-32	0	0
Memorandum item:
	Nonresident baht account ^2/			2,066	3,406	2,924	-5,813	-2,791	-1,395

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of 1999.

^{^2/}Consists mostly of unidentified portfolio flows.

Table 62.

Thailand: Net Short-Term Nonmonetary Capital Flows by Borrower, 1994-99

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Total				5,511	9,183	5,310	-9,065	-14,440	-8,571
Private sector (net)				5,331	9,275	5,336	-9,033	-14,570	-8,551
	Borrowings			6,285	12,013	1,563	-6,701	-10,871	-5,591
		Banks		11,105	12,141	176	-2,018	-7,145	-4,123
			BIBF	8,788	8,562	2,455	-1,221	-4,490	-3,389
			Non-BIBF	2,317	3,579	-2,279	-797	-2,655	-734
		Nonbanks		-4,820	-128	1,387	-4,683	-3,726	-1,468
			Trade credits	696	407	-63	-211	-369	314
			Loans	-5,987	-1,410	-75	-4,555	-3,621	-1,776
			Debt securities	471	875	1,525	83	264	-6
	Bank assets			-953	-2,738	3,773	-2,332	-3,699	-2,960
Public enterprises (net)				0	0	20	0	130	-20
	Trade credits			0	0	0	0	0	0
	Others			0	0	20	0	130	-20
Central government (net)				180	-92	-46	-32	0	0
Memorandum item:
	Nonresident baht account ^2/			2,066	3,406	2,924	-5,813	-2,791	-1,395

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}First half of 1999.

^{^2/}Consists mostly of unidentified portfolio flows.

Table 63.

Thailand: Net Flows of Foreign Direct Investment, Classified by Country of Investor, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes loans from affiliates. Excludes Thai investment abroad, loans from affiliates of financial institutions, and investment in commercial banks and BIBFs.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 63.

Thailand: Net Flows of Foreign Direct Investment, Classified by Country of Investor, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Total				1,325	2,003	2,271	3,627	4,857	1,983
	Japan			124	556	524	1,349	1,547	251
	Singapore			185	137	275	271	523	645
	United States			156	260	430	781	934	306
	Hong Kong			319	279	215	442	460	102
	Taiwan Province of China			83	97	138	133	83	33
	European Union			105	152	164	360	820	630
		Of which:
			United Kingdom	44	55	57	125	123	92
			Germany	30	38	42	60	90	105
			Netherlands	-25	87	-41	155	305	207
			France	39	72	30	3	224	236
	Others			354	522	526	291	490	16

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes loans from affiliates. Excludes Thai investment abroad, loans from affiliates of financial institutions, and investment in commercial banks and BIBFs.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 63.

Thailand: Net Flows of Foreign Direct Investment, Classified by Country of Investor, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Total				1,325	2,003	2,271	3,627	4,857	1,983
	Japan			124	556	524	1,349	1,547	251
	Singapore			185	137	275	271	523	645
	United States			156	260	430	781	934	306
	Hong Kong			319	279	215	442	460	102
	Taiwan Province of China			83	97	138	133	83	33
	European Union			105	152	164	360	820	630
		Of which:
			United Kingdom	44	55	57	125	123	92
			Germany	30	38	42	60	90	105
			Netherlands	-25	87	-41	155	305	207
			France	39	72	30	3	224	236
	Others			354	522	526	291	490	16

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes loans from affiliates. Excludes Thai investment abroad, loans from affiliates of financial institutions, and investment in commercial banks and BIBFs.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 64.

Thailand: Net Flows of Thai Investment Abroad, Classified by Country, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Comprises equity investment and intra-firm loans from Thai nonfinancial enterprises.

^{^2/}First half of 1999.

Table 64.

Thailand: Net Flows of Thai Investment Abroad, Classified by Country, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Total				422	835	816	447	122	292
USA				70	148	78	57	15	-21
Canada				0	3	0	1	5	0
Hong Kong				70	64	164	-6	54	15
Japan				4	1	0	1	-1	2
China				67	81	99	36	14	9
EU				14	161	35	-21	18	34
		Of which:
			Denmark	0	0	0	4	0	0
			Germany	6	111	1	-21	3	0
			Netherlands	0	0	0	-5	0	0
			United Kingdom	7	38	34	4	-13	16
ASEAN				90	194	124	149	-30	216
		Of which:
			Brunei	0	0	0	0	0	0
			Indonesia	18	31	34	18	0	1
			Malaysia	1	2	2	3	0	0
			Singapore	37	5	12	117	-38	214
Indochina				29	68	151	79	25	5
		Of which:
			Cambodia	11	10	31	20	5	3
			Lao PDR	6	6	57	1	2	0
			Myanmar	5	20	8	9	3	0
			Vietnam	7	32	54	48	15	2
Bermuda				9	3	22	68	0	0
	Other			69	112	144	84	22	32

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Comprises equity investment and intra-firm loans from Thai nonfinancial enterprises.

^{^2/}First half of 1999.

Table 64.

Thailand: Net Flows of Thai Investment Abroad, Classified by Country, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Total				422	835	816	447	122	292
USA				70	148	78	57	15	-21
Canada				0	3	0	1	5	0
Hong Kong				70	64	164	-6	54	15
Japan				4	1	0	1	-1	2
China				67	81	99	36	14	9
EU				14	161	35	-21	18	34
		Of which:
			Denmark	0	0	0	4	0	0
			Germany	6	111	1	-21	3	0
			Netherlands	0	0	0	-5	0	0
			United Kingdom	7	38	34	4	-13	16
ASEAN				90	194	124	149	-30	216
		Of which:
			Brunei	0	0	0	0	0	0
			Indonesia	18	31	34	18	0	1
			Malaysia	1	2	2	3	0	0
			Singapore	37	5	12	117	-38	214
Indochina				29	68	151	79	25	5
		Of which:
			Cambodia	11	10	31	20	5	3
			Lao PDR	6	6	57	1	2	0
			Myanmar	5	20	8	9	3	0
			Vietnam	7	32	54	48	15	2
Bermuda				9	3	22	68	0	0
	Other			69	112	144	84	22	32

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Comprises equity investment and intra-firm loans from Thai nonfinancial enterprises.

^{^2/}First half of 1999.

Table 65.

Thailand: Net Flows of Foreign Direct Investment, Classified by Sectors, 1994-99 ^1/ ^2/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes loans from affiliates; excludes Thai investment abroad.

^{^2/}Excludes commercial banks and BIBFs.

^{^3/}Firsthalfof 1999.

^{^4/}Includes transport equipment.

^{^5/}Excludes loans from affiliates of financial institutions.

Table 65.

Thailand: Net Flows of Foreign Direct Investment, Classified by Sectors, 1994-99 ^1/ ^2/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^3/
Total		1,325	2,003	2,271	3,627	4,857	1,983
Industry		212	567	710	1,822	2,054	719
	Food and sugar	46	39	45	227	74	56
	Textiles	35	38	49	41	99	15
	Metal and nonmetallic	45	92	112	218	321	188
	Electrical appliances	60	234	241	604	249	97
	Machinery ^4/	12	145	109	398	678	281
	Chemicals	33	94	183	163	209	38
	Petroleum products	-114	-161	-250	9	319	5
	Construction materials	5	25	3	-10	-1	12
	Others	90	61	218	172	106	27
Financial institutions ^5/		7	26	72	112	507	186
Trade		341	446	545	1,029	849	566
Construction		70	36	70	162	146	-15
Mining and quarrying		52	57	20	19	64	-31
Agriculture		-6	9	2	2	0	1
Services		56	88	124	293	295	364
Real estate		444	854	753	111	493	49
Others		149	-80	-25	78	449	144

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes loans from affiliates; excludes Thai investment abroad.

^{^2/}Excludes commercial banks and BIBFs.

^{^3/}Firsthalfof 1999.

^{^4/}Includes transport equipment.

^{^5/}Excludes loans from affiliates of financial institutions.

Table 65.

Thailand: Net Flows of Foreign Direct Investment, Classified by Sectors, 1994-99 ^1/ ^2/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^3/
Total		1,325	2,003	2,271	3,627	4,857	1,983
Industry		212	567	710	1,822	2,054	719
	Food and sugar	46	39	45	227	74	56
	Textiles	35	38	49	41	99	15
	Metal and nonmetallic	45	92	112	218	321	188
	Electrical appliances	60	234	241	604	249	97
	Machinery ^4/	12	145	109	398	678	281
	Chemicals	33	94	183	163	209	38
	Petroleum products	-114	-161	-250	9	319	5
	Construction materials	5	25	3	-10	-1	12
	Others	90	61	218	172	106	27
Financial institutions ^5/		7	26	72	112	507	186
Trade		341	446	545	1,029	849	566
Construction		70	36	70	162	146	-15
Mining and quarrying		52	57	20	19	64	-31
Agriculture		-6	9	2	2	0	1
Services		56	88	124	293	295	364
Real estate		444	854	753	111	493	49
Others		149	-80	-25	78	449	144

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes loans from affiliates; excludes Thai investment abroad.

^{^2/}Excludes commercial banks and BIBFs.

^{^3/}Firsthalfof 1999.

^{^4/}Includes transport equipment.

^{^5/}Excludes loans from affiliates of financial institutions.

Table 66.

Thailand: Net Flows of Thai Investment Abroad, Classified by Sectors, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Comprises equity investment and intra-firm loans from Thai nonfinancial enterprises.

^{^2/}First half of 1999.

Table 66.

Thailand: Net Flows of Thai Investment Abroad, Classified by Sectors, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Total		422	835	816	447	122	292
Industry		118	231	314	209	67	12
	Food and sugar	9	32	28	52	20	-14
	Textiles	6	13	11	2	4	0
	Metal and nonmetallic	22	55	54	9	15	12
	Electrical appliances	54	66	148	5	10	5
	Machinery and transport equipment	7	3	18	10	0	1
	Chemicals	3	16	14	89	6	6
	Petroleum products	1	2	2	0	0	0
	Construction materials	2	1	40	33	2	0
	Others	14	43	-1	9	11	2
Financial institutions		49	74	28	3	-14	0
Trade		41	23	27	52	22	27
Construction		16	15	0	23	3	2
Mining and quarrying		6	5	7	3	1	1
Agriculture		19	6	3	-1	4	0
Services		82	190	240	130	15	15
Real estate		57	153	41	12	-10	-3
Others		34	138	156	16	34	237

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Comprises equity investment and intra-firm loans from Thai nonfinancial enterprises.

^{^2/}First half of 1999.

Table 66.

Thailand: Net Flows of Thai Investment Abroad, Classified by Sectors, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

		1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Total		422	835	816	447	122	292
Industry		118	231	314	209	67	12
	Food and sugar	9	32	28	52	20	-14
	Textiles	6	13	11	2	4	0
	Metal and nonmetallic	22	55	54	9	15	12
	Electrical appliances	54	66	148	5	10	5
	Machinery and transport equipment	7	3	18	10	0	1
	Chemicals	3	16	14	89	6	6
	Petroleum products	1	2	2	0	0	0
	Construction materials	2	1	40	33	2	0
	Others	14	43	-1	9	11	2
Financial institutions		49	74	28	3	-14	0
Trade		41	23	27	52	22	27
Construction		16	15	0	23	3	2
Mining and quarrying		6	5	7	3	1	1
Agriculture		19	6	3	-1	4	0
Services		82	190	240	130	15	15
Real estate		57	153	41	12	-10	-3
Others		34	138	156	16	34	237

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Comprises equity investment and intra-firm loans from Thai nonfinancial enterprises.

^{^2/}First half of 1999.

Table 67.

Thailand: Gross External Borrowing by Nonbank Sector, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes borrowing from affiliates; excludes commercial banks and BIBFs.

^{^2/}First half of year.

^{^3/}Excludes real estate.

Table 67.

Thailand: Gross External Borrowing by Nonbank Sector, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

			1994		1995		1996		1997		1998		1999 ^2/
			Short-Term	Total	Short-Ter	Total	Short-Term	Total	Short-Term	Total	Short-Term	Total	Short-Term	Total
Total			14,757	18,061	16,606	22,064	18,160	25,943	14,642	19,026	7,204	11,345	2,600	4,035
	Financial institutions		6,169	6,569	8,528	9,685	7,417	8,822	3,699	3,866	832	1,171	572	543
	Trade		3,251	3,394	3,147	3,460	4,210	4,661	4,980	5,713	2,245	3,509	421	831
	Construction		91	185	110	145	197	483	164	235	81	227	14	23
	Industry		2,917	4,414	3,331	6,174	5,026	8,113	4,720	6,964	3,624	5,610	1,501	2,417
		Food	180	286	87	352	79	413	191	382	144	173	27	51
		Textiles	237	309	145	282	180	293	209	316	151	219	34	58
		Metal based and nonmetallic	296	472	316	523	325	765	310	644	249	741	78	351
		Electrical appliances	619	744	1,101	1,402	1,461	1,890	1,441	1,703	1,299	1,500	506	672
		Machinery and transport equipment	1,054	1,099	937	1,079	2,128	2,159	1,960	2,122	23	32	0	0
		Chemicals	221	374	237	922	271	936	208	724	239	665	53	207
		Petroleum products	123	528	219	562	106	458	253	405	155	239	4	8
		Others	187	602	289	1,052	476	1,199	148	668	1,364	2,041	799	1,070
	Services ^3/		83	190	157	504	307	648	324	665	213	273	41	78
	Others		2,246	3,309	1,333	2,096	1,003	3,216	755	1,583	209	555	51	143

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes borrowing from affiliates; excludes commercial banks and BIBFs.

^{^2/}First half of year.

^{^3/}Excludes real estate.

Table 67.

Thailand: Gross External Borrowing by Nonbank Sector, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

			1994		1995		1996		1997		1998		1999 ^2/
			Short-Term	Total	Short-Ter	Total	Short-Term	Total	Short-Term	Total	Short-Term	Total	Short-Term	Total
Total			14,757	18,061	16,606	22,064	18,160	25,943	14,642	19,026	7,204	11,345	2,600	4,035
	Financial institutions		6,169	6,569	8,528	9,685	7,417	8,822	3,699	3,866	832	1,171	572	543
	Trade		3,251	3,394	3,147	3,460	4,210	4,661	4,980	5,713	2,245	3,509	421	831
	Construction		91	185	110	145	197	483	164	235	81	227	14	23
	Industry		2,917	4,414	3,331	6,174	5,026	8,113	4,720	6,964	3,624	5,610	1,501	2,417
		Food	180	286	87	352	79	413	191	382	144	173	27	51
		Textiles	237	309	145	282	180	293	209	316	151	219	34	58
		Metal based and nonmetallic	296	472	316	523	325	765	310	644	249	741	78	351
		Electrical appliances	619	744	1,101	1,402	1,461	1,890	1,441	1,703	1,299	1,500	506	672
		Machinery and transport equipment	1,054	1,099	937	1,079	2,128	2,159	1,960	2,122	23	32	0	0
		Chemicals	221	374	237	922	271	936	208	724	239	665	53	207
		Petroleum products	123	528	219	562	106	458	253	405	155	239	4	8
		Others	187	602	289	1,052	476	1,199	148	668	1,364	2,041	799	1,070
	Services ^3/		83	190	157	504	307	648	324	665	213	273	41	78
	Others		2,246	3,309	1,333	2,096	1,003	3,216	755	1,583	209	555	51	143

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes borrowing from affiliates; excludes commercial banks and BIBFs.

^{^2/}First half of year.

^{^3/}Excludes real estate.

Table 68.

Thailand: Borrowing Terms of Private External Loans, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes borrowings from affiliates, excludes commercial banks and BIBFs.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 68.

Thailand: Borrowing Terms of Private External Loans, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

			1994 Amount of Borrowing		1995 Amount of Borrowing		1996 Amount of Borrowing		1997 Amount of Borrowing		1998 Amount of Borrowing		1999 ^2/ Amount of Borrowing
			Millions of U.S. Dollar	Percent of Total	Millions of U.S. Dollar	Percent of Total	Millions of U.S. Dollar	Percent of Total	Millions of U.S. Dollar	Percent of Total	Millions of U.S. Dollar	Percent of Total	Millions of U S. Dollar	Percent of Total
Total			18,061	100.0	22,064	100.0	25,943	100.0	19,026	100.0	11,345	100.0	4,035	100.0
	Short-term		14,757	81.7	16,606	75.3	18,160	70.0	14,642	77.0	7,204	63.5	2,600	64.4
		On demand and less than one month	2,698	14.9	3,584	16.2	3,347	12.9	3,356	17.6	1,359	12.0	507	12.6
		1-3 months	9,200	50.9	9,425	42.7	12,089	46.6	7,851	41.3	4,142	36.5	1,830	45.4
		4-6 months	1,727	9.6	1,899	8.6	2,516	9.7	2,754	14.5	1,267	11.2	219	5.4
		7-11 months	54	0.3	48	0.2	182	0.7	83	0.4	330	2.9	9	0.2
		12 months	1,078	6.0	1,650	7.5	26	0.1	598	3.1	106	0.9	35	0.9
	Long-term		3,304	18.3	5,458	24.7	7,783	30.0	4,384	23.0	4,141	36.5	1,435	35.6
		At call	276	1.5	613	2.8	0	0.0	727	3.8	380	3.3	192	4.8
		More than 1 -3 years	1,224	6.8	1,820	8.2	3,450	13.3	1,519	8.0	764	6.7	249	6.2
		More than 3-5 years	818	4.5	1,553	7.0	1,583	6.1	799	4.2	1,047	9.2	232	5.7
		More than 5-10 years	863	4.8	850	3.9	1,167	4.5	929	4.9	1,494	13.2	680	16.9
		More than 10 years	123	0.7	622	2.8	1,583	6.1	410	2.2	456	4.0	82	2.0

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes borrowings from affiliates, excludes commercial banks and BIBFs.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 68.

Thailand: Borrowing Terms of Private External Loans, 1994-99 ^1/

(In millions of U.S. dollars)

			1994 Amount of Borrowing		1995 Amount of Borrowing		1996 Amount of Borrowing		1997 Amount of Borrowing		1998 Amount of Borrowing		1999 ^2/ Amount of Borrowing
			Millions of U.S. Dollar	Percent of Total	Millions of U.S. Dollar	Percent of Total	Millions of U.S. Dollar	Percent of Total	Millions of U.S. Dollar	Percent of Total	Millions of U.S. Dollar	Percent of Total	Millions of U S. Dollar	Percent of Total
Total			18,061	100.0	22,064	100.0	25,943	100.0	19,026	100.0	11,345	100.0	4,035	100.0
	Short-term		14,757	81.7	16,606	75.3	18,160	70.0	14,642	77.0	7,204	63.5	2,600	64.4
		On demand and less than one month	2,698	14.9	3,584	16.2	3,347	12.9	3,356	17.6	1,359	12.0	507	12.6
		1-3 months	9,200	50.9	9,425	42.7	12,089	46.6	7,851	41.3	4,142	36.5	1,830	45.4
		4-6 months	1,727	9.6	1,899	8.6	2,516	9.7	2,754	14.5	1,267	11.2	219	5.4
		7-11 months	54	0.3	48	0.2	182	0.7	83	0.4	330	2.9	9	0.2
		12 months	1,078	6.0	1,650	7.5	26	0.1	598	3.1	106	0.9	35	0.9
	Long-term		3,304	18.3	5,458	24.7	7,783	30.0	4,384	23.0	4,141	36.5	1,435	35.6
		At call	276	1.5	613	2.8	0	0.0	727	3.8	380	3.3	192	4.8
		More than 1 -3 years	1,224	6.8	1,820	8.2	3,450	13.3	1,519	8.0	764	6.7	249	6.2
		More than 3-5 years	818	4.5	1,553	7.0	1,583	6.1	799	4.2	1,047	9.2	232	5.7
		More than 5-10 years	863	4.8	850	3.9	1,167	4.5	929	4.9	1,494	13.2	680	16.9
		More than 10 years	123	0.7	622	2.8	1,583	6.1	410	2.2	456	4.0	82	2.0

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Includes borrowings from affiliates, excludes commercial banks and BIBFs.

^{^2/}First half of year.

Table 69.

Thailand: International Reserves, 1994-99.

(In millions of U.S. dollars; end-of-period)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}End of first half of year.

^{^2/}Includes valuation adjustments.

Table 69.

Thailand: International Reserves, 1994-99.

(In millions of U.S. dollars; end-of-period)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Monetary authorities (net)				30,279	37,027	38,725	24,539	26,297	28,091
	Total gross reserves			30,279	37,027	38,725	26,968	29,536	31,434
	Gold ^2/			947	963	914	713	711	711
	IMF reserve tranche position			416	556	559	75	0	0
	SDRs			32	45	60	482	391	316
	Foreign exchange			28,884	35,463	37,192	25,697	28,434	30,407
Liabilities to IMF				0	0	0	2,429	3,238	3,343
Memorandum items:
	Interest receipts on foreign assets
		Bank of Thailand		1,143	1,883	1,884	1,791	1,483	525
	Interest payments on foreign
		liabilities
			Bank of Thailand	5	6	5	26	373	262

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}End of first half of year.

^{^2/}Includes valuation adjustments.

Table 69.

Thailand: International Reserves, 1994-99.

(In millions of U.S. dollars; end-of-period)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Monetary authorities (net)				30,279	37,027	38,725	24,539	26,297	28,091
	Total gross reserves			30,279	37,027	38,725	26,968	29,536	31,434
	Gold ^2/			947	963	914	713	711	711
	IMF reserve tranche position			416	556	559	75	0	0
	SDRs			32	45	60	482	391	316
	Foreign exchange			28,884	35,463	37,192	25,697	28,434	30,407
Liabilities to IMF				0	0	0	2,429	3,238	3,343
Memorandum items:
	Interest receipts on foreign assets
		Bank of Thailand		1,143	1,883	1,884	1,791	1,483	525
	Interest payments on foreign
		liabilities
			Bank of Thailand	5	6	5	26	373	262

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}End of first half of year.

^{^2/}Includes valuation adjustments.

Table 70.

Thailand: External Debt and Debt Service, 1994-99.

(In millions of U.S. dollars; end-of-period data)

Sources: Data provided by the Thai authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}First half of year.

^{^2/}Excludes loans (estimated at about $4 billion at end-1997) contracted by Thai corporations but not brought into Thailand.

^{^3/}Debt with original maturity of more than one year.

^{^4/}Includes repayments of bonds locally issued by the Thai Government that are held by non-residents.

^{^5/}Excludes borrowing from the IMF and official bilateral creditors under the financing package.

^{^6/}Percent of exports of goods and services (including workers’ remittances).

Table 70.

Thailand: External Debt and Debt Service, 1994-99.

(In millions of U.S. dollars; end-of-period data)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Total outstanding debt ^2/				64,866	82,568	90,536	93,416	86,160	80,655
Outstanding medium- and long-term debt ^3/				35,687	41,472	52,923	59,158	62,637	63,088
	Public sector			15,534	16,317	16,751	24,303	31,344	33,760
		By lender		15,534	16,317	16,751	24,303	31,344	33,760
			IMF	0	0	0	2,429	3,238	3,343
			Other international institutions	2,360	2.469	2,545	3,832	4,757	5,390
			Foreign governments	7,995	8,395	8,178	11,995	17,035	18,700
			Foreign banks	4,767	5,099	5,747	5,821	6,085	6,122
			Suppliers’ credits	412	354	281	226	229	205
		By borrower		15,534	16,317	16,751	24,303	31,344	33,760
			Bank of Thailand	0	0	0	7,157	11,204	11,903
			Central government	4,639	4,791	5,119	5,667	6,737	8,667
			Public enterprises	10,895	11,526	11,632	11,479	13,403	13,190
	Nonbank private sector			13,733	16,913	23,161	20,136	20,594	20,205
		Loans		11,021	14,060	19,551	14,130	14,663	14,275
		Suppliers’ credits		572	422	340	333	198	198
		Debt securities		2,140	2,431	3,270	5,673	5,733	5,732
	Commercial banks			6,420	8,242	13,011	14,719	10,699	9,123
		BIBf		2,969	3,799	10,697	10,895	6,946	5,676
		Non-BIBF		3,451	4,443	2,314	3,824	3,753	3,447
Outstanding short-term debt (disbursed)				29,179	41,096	37,613	34,258	23,523	17,567
	Public sector			180	85	54	20	150	130
	Nonbank private sector			7,443	7,314	8,701	9,390	5,106	3,848
	Commercial banks			21,556	33,697	28,858	24,848	18,267	13,589
		BIBF		15,142	23,704	20.490	19,184	14,946	10,901
		Non-BIBF		6,414	9,993	8,368	5,664	3,321	2,688
Total debt service payments				6,707	8,278	9,024	11,630	14,046	7,070
	Amortization, medium- and long-term debt			3,933	4,084	3, S22	6,072	8,694	4,586
		Public sector ^4/		1,106	1,150	987	1,077	906	535
			Of which: IMF	0	0	0	0	0	0
		Nonbank private sector		2,387	1,915	2,288	3,079	3,472	2,090
		Commercial banks		440	1,019	547	1,916	4,315	1,962
			BIBF	440	1,019	547	1,916	4,315	1,416
			Non-BIBF						545.7
	Interest, medium- and long-term debt			2,082	2,651	3,095	3,447	2,916	1,653
		Public sector		829	900	858	881	1,276	763
			Of which: IMF	0	0	0	15	367	261
		Private sector		1,253	1,751	2,237	2,566	1,641	891
			Nonbank	1,253	1,751	2,237	2,566	1,641	891
			Banks	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Interest, short-term debt			692	1,543	2,107	2,111	2,436	830
		Of which: Commercial banks		684	1,539	2,107	2,110	1,770	690
			BIBF	494	1,248	1,646	1,745	1,415	585
			Non-BIBF	190	291	461	365	355	105
Average maturity of medium- and long-term debt contracted (years)
		Public sector ^5/		20.7	20.3	19.6	19.2	20.1	18.6
		Private sector		5.2	5.1	5.0	4.8	4.9	4.7
Average interest rate on medium- and long-term debt contracted (percent)
		Public sector ^5/		5.0	4.9	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.3
		Private sector		5.6	6.7	7.3	6.7	6.5	6.4
Total debt service ratio ^6/				11.7	11.4	12.3	15.7	20.8	20.3
Memorandum item:
	Nonresident baht deposits			546	395	669	350	376	423

Sources: Data provided by the Thai authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}First half of year.

^{^2/}Excludes loans (estimated at about $4 billion at end-1997) contracted by Thai corporations but not brought into Thailand.

^{^3/}Debt with original maturity of more than one year.

^{^4/}Includes repayments of bonds locally issued by the Thai Government that are held by non-residents.

^{^5/}Excludes borrowing from the IMF and official bilateral creditors under the financing package.

^{^6/}Percent of exports of goods and services (including workers’ remittances).

Table 70.

Thailand: External Debt and Debt Service, 1994-99.

(In millions of U.S. dollars; end-of-period data)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^1/
Total outstanding debt ^2/				64,866	82,568	90,536	93,416	86,160	80,655
Outstanding medium- and long-term debt ^3/				35,687	41,472	52,923	59,158	62,637	63,088
	Public sector			15,534	16,317	16,751	24,303	31,344	33,760
		By lender		15,534	16,317	16,751	24,303	31,344	33,760
			IMF	0	0	0	2,429	3,238	3,343
			Other international institutions	2,360	2.469	2,545	3,832	4,757	5,390
			Foreign governments	7,995	8,395	8,178	11,995	17,035	18,700
			Foreign banks	4,767	5,099	5,747	5,821	6,085	6,122
			Suppliers’ credits	412	354	281	226	229	205
		By borrower		15,534	16,317	16,751	24,303	31,344	33,760
			Bank of Thailand	0	0	0	7,157	11,204	11,903
			Central government	4,639	4,791	5,119	5,667	6,737	8,667
			Public enterprises	10,895	11,526	11,632	11,479	13,403	13,190
	Nonbank private sector			13,733	16,913	23,161	20,136	20,594	20,205
		Loans		11,021	14,060	19,551	14,130	14,663	14,275
		Suppliers’ credits		572	422	340	333	198	198
		Debt securities		2,140	2,431	3,270	5,673	5,733	5,732
	Commercial banks			6,420	8,242	13,011	14,719	10,699	9,123
		BIBf		2,969	3,799	10,697	10,895	6,946	5,676
		Non-BIBF		3,451	4,443	2,314	3,824	3,753	3,447
Outstanding short-term debt (disbursed)				29,179	41,096	37,613	34,258	23,523	17,567
	Public sector			180	85	54	20	150	130
	Nonbank private sector			7,443	7,314	8,701	9,390	5,106	3,848
	Commercial banks			21,556	33,697	28,858	24,848	18,267	13,589
		BIBF		15,142	23,704	20.490	19,184	14,946	10,901
		Non-BIBF		6,414	9,993	8,368	5,664	3,321	2,688
Total debt service payments				6,707	8,278	9,024	11,630	14,046	7,070
	Amortization, medium- and long-term debt			3,933	4,084	3, S22	6,072	8,694	4,586
		Public sector ^4/		1,106	1,150	987	1,077	906	535
			Of which: IMF	0	0	0	0	0	0
		Nonbank private sector		2,387	1,915	2,288	3,079	3,472	2,090
		Commercial banks		440	1,019	547	1,916	4,315	1,962
			BIBF	440	1,019	547	1,916	4,315	1,416
			Non-BIBF						545.7
	Interest, medium- and long-term debt			2,082	2,651	3,095	3,447	2,916	1,653
		Public sector		829	900	858	881	1,276	763
			Of which: IMF	0	0	0	15	367	261
		Private sector		1,253	1,751	2,237	2,566	1,641	891
			Nonbank	1,253	1,751	2,237	2,566	1,641	891
			Banks	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Interest, short-term debt			692	1,543	2,107	2,111	2,436	830
		Of which: Commercial banks		684	1,539	2,107	2,110	1,770	690
			BIBF	494	1,248	1,646	1,745	1,415	585
			Non-BIBF	190	291	461	365	355	105
Average maturity of medium- and long-term debt contracted (years)
		Public sector ^5/		20.7	20.3	19.6	19.2	20.1	18.6
		Private sector		5.2	5.1	5.0	4.8	4.9	4.7
Average interest rate on medium- and long-term debt contracted (percent)
		Public sector ^5/		5.0	4.9	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.3
		Private sector		5.6	6.7	7.3	6.7	6.5	6.4
Total debt service ratio ^6/				11.7	11.4	12.3	15.7	20.8	20.3
Memorandum item:
	Nonresident baht deposits			546	395	669	350	376	423

Sources: Data provided by the Thai authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}First half of year.

^{^2/}Excludes loans (estimated at about $4 billion at end-1997) contracted by Thai corporations but not brought into Thailand.

^{^3/}Debt with original maturity of more than one year.

^{^4/}Includes repayments of bonds locally issued by the Thai Government that are held by non-residents.

^{^5/}Excludes borrowing from the IMF and official bilateral creditors under the financing package.

^{^6/}Percent of exports of goods and services (including workers’ remittances).

Table 71.

Thailand: Average Rates of Import Duties, 1994-99 ^1/

(In percent)

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Calculated as import duties in percent of import value.

^{^2/}As of end-June.

^{^3/}Excluding crude oil.

Table 71.

Thailand: Average Rates of Import Duties, 1994-99 ^1/

(In percent)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Total				9.0	7.1	7.0	4.7	3.3	3.5
	Consumer goods			14.9	12.3	11.8	9.3	7.2	6.7
		Nondurable		18.9	16.1	16.1	13.4	11.8	12.1
		Durable		12.4	10.2	9.2	6.6	4.3	3.8
	Capital goods			6.0	4.4	4.8	3.5	2.3	2.2
	Intermediate goods			8.1	6.1	5.8	4.5	3.7	3.9
		For consumer goods		8.9	6.6	6.2	5.0	3.9	4.0
		For capital goods		6.4	5.0	4.9	3.4	3.2	3.8
	Other^3/			17.7	16.5	14.5	12.4	7.8	9.5
		Motor vehicles and parts		27.6	25.0	24.4	22.9	23.7	22.1
			Fuels, lubricants ^3/	6.1	4.1	3.8	5.4	5.9	4.3
			Others	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Calculated as import duties in percent of import value.

^{^2/}As of end-June.

^{^3/}Excluding crude oil.

Table 71.

Thailand: Average Rates of Import Duties, 1994-99 ^1/

(In percent)

				1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999 ^2/
Total				9.0	7.1	7.0	4.7	3.3	3.5
	Consumer goods			14.9	12.3	11.8	9.3	7.2	6.7
		Nondurable		18.9	16.1	16.1	13.4	11.8	12.1
		Durable		12.4	10.2	9.2	6.6	4.3	3.8
	Capital goods			6.0	4.4	4.8	3.5	2.3	2.2
	Intermediate goods			8.1	6.1	5.8	4.5	3.7	3.9
		For consumer goods		8.9	6.6	6.2	5.0	3.9	4.0
		For capital goods		6.4	5.0	4.9	3.4	3.2	3.8
	Other^3/			17.7	16.5	14.5	12.4	7.8	9.5
		Motor vehicles and parts		27.6	25.0	24.4	22.9	23.7	22.1
			Fuels, lubricants ^3/	6.1	4.1	3.8	5.4	5.9	4.3
			Others	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3

Source: Data provided by the Thai authorities.

^{^1/}Calculated as import duties in percent of import value.

^{^2/}As of end-June.

^{^3/}Excluding crude oil.

Table 72.

Thailand: Changes in the Trade System During 1995-99

1/ Thailand’s trade and exchange system as of December 31, 1996 is described in Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions, Annual Report, 1997.

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Thailand: Statistical Appendix

Author:

International Monetary Fund

Volume/Issue:: Volume 2000: Issue 020

Publisher:: International Monetary Fund

ISBN:: 9781451836769

ISSN:: 1934-7685

Pages:: 85

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451836769.002

Keywords

A. Expurts and Export Proceeds
June 22, 1999
	Regulations of exporting durisn, logan and orchid Co foreign counuies took effect The exporters of these three fruits have to register at the Department of Agriculture, the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.
B. Imports and Import Payments
January 1, 1995
	Thailand opened its markers for 23 agricultural products, a measure dint included the removal of surchaiges on soya been cake imports. Tariff reductions on almost 4,000 products were begun, which reduced the average tariff from about 30 percent to 17 percent by January 1, 1997 Tariff reductions for ASEAN members over 8,000 products were also initialed and scheduled for completion by January 1, 2000.
March 1, 1995
	Copyright Acl took effect to better safeguard intellectual property rights This Act covers the protedion of computer software as literary work.
May 18, 1999
	Thailand set the regulation to implement the protection measures on foreign products based on WTO’s Agreements on Protectionism Measures.
Specific Tariff Changes In 1995
January 27. 1995
	Dumpers designed for off-highway use (reduced from 40 percent to 5 percent).
March 1, 1995
	Cement clinker (reduced from 10 percent to zero percent).
April 21, 1995
	Raw materials imported for the production and assemble for export (reduced import duty or bank guarantee by 50 percent.
June 2, 1995
	Catalytic converters imported for the production or assemble of automobile (exempted from import duty).
	Oxygon sensor used with catalytic conveners (reduced from 5 percent to zero percent) Instrument and apparatus (or automatically controlling fuel-flow
	Instrument and apparatus for automatically controlling fuel-flow system and spark-ignition system of automobile engine used with catalytic converter (reduced from 5 percent to zero percent)
Specific Tariff Changes In 1996
May 2, 1996
	Suitcases, executive-casts, similar containers (reduced from 100 percent to 20 percent).
	Belts (reduced from 100 percent to 10 percent, 20 percent).
	Objective lenses (reduced from 35 percent to 5 percent)
	Sunglasses, corrective, protective or other (reduced from 60 percent to B5 each to B1-1 75)
	Photographic cameras, photographic flashlight, apparatus (reduced from 40 percent to 5 percent)
	Watches (reduced from 40 percent to 5 percent).
	Pens (reduced from 40 percent to Spercent).
	Cigarene and other lighter (reduced from 50 percent to 5 percent)
June 20, 1996
	Certain chemicals, skin leather articles of base metal (reduced from 40 percent to 10-20 percent)
September 10, 1996
	Green cabbage in brine, bamboo shoot in brine (reduced from 60 percent to 20 percent).
	Ginger and ginger in brine (reduced from 30 percent to 20 percent or from B4.20 per kilogram to B2 50 per kilogram).
	Cruise ships, excursion boats and similar vessels principally designed for the transport of persons, ferry-boats of all kinds, fishing vessels, factory ship, tugs and pusher crafi (reduced from 35 percent to 0-20 percent)
	Nuts (educed from 60 percent to 10 percent, or from B50 per kilogram to B8.50 per kilogram).
	Certain inorganic chemicals (reduced from 30 percent to 1-10 percent).
	Unwrought aluminum, aluminum waste, and scrap (reduced from 6 percent to 1 percent).
	Parts and accessories of the motor (reduced from 60 percent to 17-42 percent).
Specific Tariff Changes in 1997
March 8, 1997
	Certain electronics components used in electronics industry such as electric motors, microphones, and printed circuits (reduced from 20-30 percent to 1 percent)
May 27, 1997
	School buses and their CKD (exempted from duty)
August 22. 1997
	Duty rates on all imported goods used as raw materials for exports were reduced by
	--50 percent for companies meeting certain requirements
	--95 percent for companies classified as “customs special exporter”
September 5, 1997
	Sodium dichromate (reduced from 10 percent to 5 percent)
	Artificial ornament (reduced from 45 percent to 20 percent)
	Paper used for printing postal and excise stamps (reduced from 45 percent to 20 percent)
September 15, 1999
	Unrefillable gas tighter and matches (raised from 5 percent to 20 percent)
	Components for lighter (raised from 5 percent to 10 percent)
October 15, 1997
	Completely built passenger cars (raised from 42 -68.5 percent to BO percent)
	Perfume, cosmetic, leather products (bag, belt, and shoes), sneaker, glassware and crystal accessory, and costume jewelry (raised from 20 percent to 30 percent)
	Lens, eye glasses and frame, camera, watch, pen, and lighter (raised from 5 percent to 3D percent)
	A 10 percent surcharge all imports with the exception of die above products and those subject to import duties of less than 5 percent, raw materials, items with special duties, items specified in accordance to international law or international agreements
Specific Tariff Changes in 1998
January 1,1998
	Downstream petrochemical products which are locally produced (reduced from 27 percent to 23.5 percent)
	Plastic products (reduced from 40.5 percent to 35.3 percent)
February 25,1998
	Clothes, ties, underwear, and crystal accessories (raised from 30 percent to 60 percent)
	Perfume, cosmetic, leather bag and shoes, and sneaker (raised from 30 percent to 40 percent).
	Crystal ware (raised from 30 percent to 35 percent)
	Jewelry, clothes, and tobacco (raised from 30 percent to 60 percent).
	Wool cloths (raised front 10 percent to 40 percent)
March 12, 1998
	All machinery, electrical machinery and equipment used in garment industries (reduced from 20-30 percent to 5 percent)
March 28, 1998
	All machinery and parts used in bonded warehouse (duty exemption)
Specific Tariff Changes in 1999
	January 26, 1999
	Opening market of import soybean with non limited quality and timing within 5% for under quota and 119% for chose out ofquota.
	Com for animal feed within 20% fin under quota of 53,253 tons
February 23, 1999
	Autoparts for passenger cars and small truck (increased from 22% to 33%)
	Autoparts for not exceeding 150 cc. motorcycles (set to 33%)
	Passenger, cars (reduced from 32-50% to 29-48%)
	Small truck (reduced from 5%to 3%)
April 20, 1999
	Vitamins used as ingredient in instant noodle (duty exemption)
June 15, 1999
	Palm fruit (Louk Chid) only imported front the People’s Democratic Republic of Laos (reduced from over 5% to 5%)

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