V. Summary of Tax System as of July 1,1996 1

International Monetary Fund

doi:10.5089/9781451807998.002.A005

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V. Summary of Tax System as of July 1,1996 ^¹

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International Monetary Fund

International Monetary Fund
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Publication Date:: 03 Dec 1996

eISBN:: 9781451807998

Language:: English

Keywords:: ISCR; CR; enterprise; export; GDP ratio; export commodity; Cameroonian authorities; commodity export; CFA franc; Public enterprises; Agricultural commodities; Exports; Private investment; Sub-Saharan Africa; Southeast Asia; investment goods; factor payment; tertiary sector; cocoa export company; net credit; Consumption taxes; Income

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This summary does not cover oil companies; the tax regime of these companies is governed by contractual arrangements with the Government (see SM/93/162,7/23/93, Section IV).

Abstract

This summary does not cover oil companies; the tax regime of these companies is governed by contractual arrangements with the Government (see SM/93/162,7/23/93, Section IV).

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^¹This summary does not cover oil companies; the tax regime of these companies is governed by contractual arrangements with the Government (see SM/93/162,7/23/93, Section IV).

Tax			Nature of Tax		Exemptions and Deductions	Rates
1	Taxes on net income and profits
	1.1	Taxes on companies
	1.11	Corporate income tax (Impôt sur les sociétés)	Levied on Cameroonian and foreign companies on their net income derived from activities in Cameroon. Payments are made as follows:		Normal business expenses, including depreciation allowances, are deductible. Depreciation allowances range from 5 percent for buildings to 100 percent for glassware and utensils used in hotels and restaurants. New companies under the investment Code regime enjoy a 50 percent reduction in income tax during the first three years.	35 percent plus 3.5 percent local council taxes. A penalty of 10 percent per month is levied on delayed payments. The tax rate on oil companies’ income is 57.5 percent
			-	a monthly partial payment amounting to 1 percent of total turnover plus 0.1 percent local council taxes. Increased to 5 percent for forestry companies not subject to corporate income tax;
			-	the remainder (net of partial payments) is due in one payment on September 15;
			-	an advance payment of 1 percent is levied on imports and purchases of goods from companies, increased to 2 percent for unregistered companies.
	1.12	Minimum tax on companies (Impôt mininium forfaitaire sur les sociétés)	Levied on all companies subject to corporate income tax, if it falls below the defined minimum.
	1.13	Tax on royalties and other payments abroad (Prélèvement sur les redevances payées ὰ l’étranger)	Levy on payments abroad with respect to payments for copyrights, patents, knowhow, film royalties, and technical assistance or advice, provided such payments have been taken as deductions against business income.			15 percent
	1.2	Taxes on individuals
	1.21	Personal income tax (Impôt sur les revenu des personnes physiques)	Tax levied on annual income received by individuals. Composed of two main parts: a proportional tax, divided into several schedules (see 1.21 a through 1.21 f), and a progressive surtax (1.21 g). The tax year runs from July 1 through June 30, and returns of taxable income must be filed before August 31.		Diplomats are exempted on a reciprocity basis.
	1.21a	Tax on industrial and commercial profits (Impôt sur les bénéfices industriels et commerciaux)	-	Levied on net income from Cameroonian sources received by both residents and nonresidents and derived from industrial and commercial operations.	Normal business expenses, including depreciation allowances, are deductible as in 1.11.	22 percent plus 2.2 percent local council taxes. Minimum tax payments set at 1 percent of annual turnover, plus 0.1 percent local council taxes.
			-	Simplified regime if annual turnover is between CFAF 5 billion and CFAF 30 billion.		Taxable profit defined as a proportion of turnover at a rate of 5 or 15 percent depending on business category.
			-			Assessment on a lump sum based on the applicable business fee applies to taxpayers with an annual turnover of less than CFAF 60 million or, in certain cases, CFAF 20 million.
	1.21b	Tax on noncommercial profits (Impôt sur les bénéfices non comerciaux)	Levied on net income of all residents engaged in independent activities of a noncommercial nature; it applies mainly to professional income.		Same exemptions and deductions as in 1.11.	22 percent plus 2.2 local council taxes. The minimum rate is 1 percent of annual turnover, plus 0.1 percent local council taxes.
	1.21c	Tax on agricultural profits (Impôt sur les bénéfices des exploitations agricoles)	Levied on net income of farmers. A lump sum evaluation is made for farmers with small- and medium-sized farms.		Same exemptions and deductions as in 1.11.	15 percent, plus 1.5 percent local council taxes.
	1.21d	Tax on real estate income (Impôt sur les revenus fonciers)	Levied on rental income from real estate.			20 percent
	1.21e	Tax on wages and salaries (Impôt sur les traitements et salaires)	Levied on net income from wages, salaries, pensions, and annuities. Wage and salary earners whose monthly wages or salaries are higher than CFAF 25,000 are subject to a monthly withholding at source within 20 days of following month.		Dependency allowances, social security benefits, and 20 percent of remunerations representing professional expenses are deductible.	6 percent, plus 0.6 percent local council taxes.
			Benefits in kind provided by the employer are included in the tax base as follows:
			Housing	15 percent
			Electricity	4 percent
			Water	2 percent
			Domestic servants	5 percent
			Cars	10 percent
			Food	25 percent
			per person with an upper limit of CFAF 50,000 a month.
	1.21f	Tax on income from securities (Impôt sur les revenu des capitaux mobiliers)	Levied on dividends, distributions to shareholders in limited partnerships, interest, directors; fees, and other similar items received by residents.			15 percent
	1.21g	Progressive surcharge (Surtaxe progressive)	Levied on net annual income received or accrued from all sources.		Interest and pensions, tax payments, and social security payments are deductible. Personal deductions are based on the income-splitting system. The taxpayer is allowed a split for his spouse and half a split for each dependent child with an upper limit of five splits. The rate table is applied to split income, and the resulting amount is multiplied by the number of splits in order to reach total tax, plus 10 percent of tax amount as local council tax.	Below	CFAF 500,000	(In percent) Exempt
						From	501,000–700,000	10
						From	701,000–1,000,000	15
						From	1,000,001–1,500,000	20
						From	1,500,001–2,000,000	25
						From	2,000,001–2,750,000	30
						From	2,750,001–3,500,000	35
						From	3,500,001–4,500,000	40
						From	4,500,001–5,500,000	45
						From	5,500,001–6,500,000	50
						From	6,500,001–7,500,000	55
						Above	7,500,001	60
						Wage and salary earners pay a minimum of CFAF 3,000.
2.	Payroll tax
	2.1	General payroll tax (Taxe d’apprentissage)	Levied on all taxpayers subject to the business fee (patents) on gross wages, salaries, and other benefits paid to their employees. Statement of taxable income must be made before September 30.		Companies with a taxable base of less than CFAF 100,000 and artisans are exempt Expenditures on professional training, contributions to vocational schools, and payments on professional school fees are deductible from the tax amount due. Excess deductible spending is not reimbursed.	0.30 percent
3.	Taxes on domestic goods and services
	3.1	Turnover tax (Taxe sur le chiffre d’affaires)	Levied on imports, local production, services, and distribution. Also levied on interest on consumer credits and leases.		Investment goods and basic commodities are exempted.	Standard rate: 17 percent
					Tax paid on imports and other inputs is deductible.	Reduced rate: 8 percent
					Tax on exports is reimbursed	Reduced rate: 8 percent
	3.2	Excise tax (Tax spécifique)	Levied on sales of alcohol, tobacco, beer, mineral water, perfume, jewelry, guns.			25 percent ad valorem.
	3.3	Business fees (Patentes)	Levied on companies and individuals engaged in commercial, industrial and professional activities and subject to the tax on companies or the personal income tax.		Public entities, artisans, cattle raisers, fishermen, mutual insurance companies, owners of mining concessions, savings banks, etc., are exempt.	Defined on the basis of the turnover according to seven schedules and rates varying from 0.075 percent to 0.4 percent For transport companies, the business fee is defined as a lump sum per vehicle.
	3.4	License fees (Licences)	Levied in addition to business fees on sales of beer and other alcoholic beverages.			Vary according to category of beverages and region.
	3.5	Cocoa excise (Redevances)	Excise paid by major cocoa export companies on sales of cocoa products within Cameroon. Terms agreed by contract (convention) with each company.			For regular cocoa, 71 percent of the export duty that would apply if the product had been exported; for other cocoa, 45 percent of relevant export duty.
	3.6	Excise on petroleum products	Levied at retail level on consumption of premium gasoline and diesel.		Kerosene, jet fuel, and other special products.	Premium gasoline: CFAF 80 per liter
	3.6	Excise on petroleum products			Kerosene, jet fuel, and other special products.	Diesel: CFAF 30 per liter
4.	Taxes on international trade
	4.1	Taxes on imports
	4.11	Common external tariff	Applied to all imports from non-UDEAC countries.			Cat 1 - Basic commodities:
							5 percent ad valorem
						Cat 2 - Raw materials and capital goods:
							10 percent ad valorem
						Cat 3 - Intermediate goods:
							20 percent ad valorem
						Cat 4 - Consumer goods:
							30 percent ad valorem
	4.12	Preferential tariff (Tarif Préférential)	Collected on imports from UDEAC countries.			20 percent of common external
	4.2	Taxes on exports
	4.21	Export duly (Droit de sortie)	The tax is assessed on the f.o.b. value of the exports of timber, cocoa, cotton, coffee, bananas, sugar, and medicinal plants.		Tax paid is deductible from taxable income, except for timber.	25 percent of the fob value for timber, decreasing to 15 percent of log content for transformed products. 13.5 percent for other commodities.
	4.22	Timber tax (Taxe d’abattage)	Levied on timber.			2.5 percent of the fob value.
	4.23	Taxe de conditionnement	Levied on agricultural products and assessed on their f.o.b. value.		Tea and flour are exempt	0.5 percent
	4.24	Taxe phvtosanitaire	Levied on hides and skins, tobacco, and cocoa beans.			CFAF 50 per ton.**
	4.25	Inspection tax	Levied on the f.o.b. value of exports of cocoa, coffee, cotton, bananas, medicinal plants, and timber.			0.95 percent
	4.26	Sanitary inspection tax (Taxe d’inspection sanitaire)	Levied on fish, meat, and cattle.			1 percent
5.	Other taxes
	5.1	Registration and stamp duties (Droits d’enregistrement)	Assessed on the value declared at the time a contract or judicial act is concluded.		Commercial activities	Varies from 1 to 15 percent depending on nature of activity.
	5.2	Tax on cattle (Taxe sur le bétail)	Levied on owners of cattle and horses. The proceeds go directly to local budgets.		Cattle owned by the Government and those used for breeding are exempt	CFAF 200 per head of cattle; CFAF 150 per horse.
	5.3	Tax on firearms (Taxe sur les armes à feu)	Levied on owners of firearms.		Firearms used by the military and those held in stock are exempt	From CFAF 200 to CFAF 2,000.
	5.4	Reforestation tax (Taxe de reboisement)	Levied on businesses involved in exploitation of forest resources.			CFAF 5 to CFAF 6 per hectare per annum.
	5.5	Area tax and access right levied on area allocated to forester (droit d’accés et de superficie)				CFAF 300 per hectare for small area (ventes de coupe) phis access right varying from 100 to CFAF 300 per hectare.

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^¹This summary does not cover oil companies; the tax regime of these companies is governed by contractual arrangements with the Government (see SM/93/162,7/23/93, Section IV).

Tax			Nature of Tax		Exemptions and Deductions	Rates
1	Taxes on net income and profits
	1.1	Taxes on companies
	1.11	Corporate income tax (Impôt sur les sociétés)	Levied on Cameroonian and foreign companies on their net income derived from activities in Cameroon. Payments are made as follows:		Normal business expenses, including depreciation allowances, are deductible. Depreciation allowances range from 5 percent for buildings to 100 percent for glassware and utensils used in hotels and restaurants. New companies under the investment Code regime enjoy a 50 percent reduction in income tax during the first three years.	35 percent plus 3.5 percent local council taxes. A penalty of 10 percent per month is levied on delayed payments. The tax rate on oil companies’ income is 57.5 percent
			-	a monthly partial payment amounting to 1 percent of total turnover plus 0.1 percent local council taxes. Increased to 5 percent for forestry companies not subject to corporate income tax;
			-	the remainder (net of partial payments) is due in one payment on September 15;
			-	an advance payment of 1 percent is levied on imports and purchases of goods from companies, increased to 2 percent for unregistered companies.
	1.12	Minimum tax on companies (Impôt mininium forfaitaire sur les sociétés)	Levied on all companies subject to corporate income tax, if it falls below the defined minimum.
	1.13	Tax on royalties and other payments abroad (Prélèvement sur les redevances payées ὰ l’étranger)	Levy on payments abroad with respect to payments for copyrights, patents, knowhow, film royalties, and technical assistance or advice, provided such payments have been taken as deductions against business income.			15 percent
	1.2	Taxes on individuals
	1.21	Personal income tax (Impôt sur les revenu des personnes physiques)	Tax levied on annual income received by individuals. Composed of two main parts: a proportional tax, divided into several schedules (see 1.21 a through 1.21 f), and a progressive surtax (1.21 g). The tax year runs from July 1 through June 30, and returns of taxable income must be filed before August 31.		Diplomats are exempted on a reciprocity basis.
	1.21a	Tax on industrial and commercial profits (Impôt sur les bénéfices industriels et commerciaux)	-	Levied on net income from Cameroonian sources received by both residents and nonresidents and derived from industrial and commercial operations.	Normal business expenses, including depreciation allowances, are deductible as in 1.11.	22 percent plus 2.2 percent local council taxes. Minimum tax payments set at 1 percent of annual turnover, plus 0.1 percent local council taxes.
			-	Simplified regime if annual turnover is between CFAF 5 billion and CFAF 30 billion.		Taxable profit defined as a proportion of turnover at a rate of 5 or 15 percent depending on business category.
			-			Assessment on a lump sum based on the applicable business fee applies to taxpayers with an annual turnover of less than CFAF 60 million or, in certain cases, CFAF 20 million.
	1.21b	Tax on noncommercial profits (Impôt sur les bénéfices non comerciaux)	Levied on net income of all residents engaged in independent activities of a noncommercial nature; it applies mainly to professional income.		Same exemptions and deductions as in 1.11.	22 percent plus 2.2 local council taxes. The minimum rate is 1 percent of annual turnover, plus 0.1 percent local council taxes.
	1.21c	Tax on agricultural profits (Impôt sur les bénéfices des exploitations agricoles)	Levied on net income of farmers. A lump sum evaluation is made for farmers with small- and medium-sized farms.		Same exemptions and deductions as in 1.11.	15 percent, plus 1.5 percent local council taxes.
	1.21d	Tax on real estate income (Impôt sur les revenus fonciers)	Levied on rental income from real estate.			20 percent
	1.21e	Tax on wages and salaries (Impôt sur les traitements et salaires)	Levied on net income from wages, salaries, pensions, and annuities. Wage and salary earners whose monthly wages or salaries are higher than CFAF 25,000 are subject to a monthly withholding at source within 20 days of following month.		Dependency allowances, social security benefits, and 20 percent of remunerations representing professional expenses are deductible.	6 percent, plus 0.6 percent local council taxes.
			Benefits in kind provided by the employer are included in the tax base as follows:
			Housing	15 percent
			Electricity	4 percent
			Water	2 percent
			Domestic servants	5 percent
			Cars	10 percent
			Food	25 percent
			per person with an upper limit of CFAF 50,000 a month.
	1.21f	Tax on income from securities (Impôt sur les revenu des capitaux mobiliers)	Levied on dividends, distributions to shareholders in limited partnerships, interest, directors; fees, and other similar items received by residents.			15 percent
	1.21g	Progressive surcharge (Surtaxe progressive)	Levied on net annual income received or accrued from all sources.		Interest and pensions, tax payments, and social security payments are deductible. Personal deductions are based on the income-splitting system. The taxpayer is allowed a split for his spouse and half a split for each dependent child with an upper limit of five splits. The rate table is applied to split income, and the resulting amount is multiplied by the number of splits in order to reach total tax, plus 10 percent of tax amount as local council tax.	Below	CFAF 500,000	(In percent) Exempt
						From	501,000–700,000	10
						From	701,000–1,000,000	15
						From	1,000,001–1,500,000	20
						From	1,500,001–2,000,000	25
						From	2,000,001–2,750,000	30
						From	2,750,001–3,500,000	35
						From	3,500,001–4,500,000	40
						From	4,500,001–5,500,000	45
						From	5,500,001–6,500,000	50
						From	6,500,001–7,500,000	55
						Above	7,500,001	60
						Wage and salary earners pay a minimum of CFAF 3,000.
2.	Payroll tax
	2.1	General payroll tax (Taxe d’apprentissage)	Levied on all taxpayers subject to the business fee (patents) on gross wages, salaries, and other benefits paid to their employees. Statement of taxable income must be made before September 30.		Companies with a taxable base of less than CFAF 100,000 and artisans are exempt Expenditures on professional training, contributions to vocational schools, and payments on professional school fees are deductible from the tax amount due. Excess deductible spending is not reimbursed.	0.30 percent
3.	Taxes on domestic goods and services
	3.1	Turnover tax (Taxe sur le chiffre d’affaires)	Levied on imports, local production, services, and distribution. Also levied on interest on consumer credits and leases.		Investment goods and basic commodities are exempted.	Standard rate: 17 percent
					Tax paid on imports and other inputs is deductible.	Reduced rate: 8 percent
					Tax on exports is reimbursed	Reduced rate: 8 percent
	3.2	Excise tax (Tax spécifique)	Levied on sales of alcohol, tobacco, beer, mineral water, perfume, jewelry, guns.			25 percent ad valorem.
	3.3	Business fees (Patentes)	Levied on companies and individuals engaged in commercial, industrial and professional activities and subject to the tax on companies or the personal income tax.		Public entities, artisans, cattle raisers, fishermen, mutual insurance companies, owners of mining concessions, savings banks, etc., are exempt.	Defined on the basis of the turnover according to seven schedules and rates varying from 0.075 percent to 0.4 percent For transport companies, the business fee is defined as a lump sum per vehicle.
	3.4	License fees (Licences)	Levied in addition to business fees on sales of beer and other alcoholic beverages.			Vary according to category of beverages and region.
	3.5	Cocoa excise (Redevances)	Excise paid by major cocoa export companies on sales of cocoa products within Cameroon. Terms agreed by contract (convention) with each company.			For regular cocoa, 71 percent of the export duty that would apply if the product had been exported; for other cocoa, 45 percent of relevant export duty.
	3.6	Excise on petroleum products	Levied at retail level on consumption of premium gasoline and diesel.		Kerosene, jet fuel, and other special products.	Premium gasoline: CFAF 80 per liter
	3.6	Excise on petroleum products			Kerosene, jet fuel, and other special products.	Diesel: CFAF 30 per liter
4.	Taxes on international trade
	4.1	Taxes on imports
	4.11	Common external tariff	Applied to all imports from non-UDEAC countries.			Cat 1 - Basic commodities:
							5 percent ad valorem
						Cat 2 - Raw materials and capital goods:
							10 percent ad valorem
						Cat 3 - Intermediate goods:
							20 percent ad valorem
						Cat 4 - Consumer goods:
							30 percent ad valorem
	4.12	Preferential tariff (Tarif Préférential)	Collected on imports from UDEAC countries.			20 percent of common external
	4.2	Taxes on exports
	4.21	Export duly (Droit de sortie)	The tax is assessed on the f.o.b. value of the exports of timber, cocoa, cotton, coffee, bananas, sugar, and medicinal plants.		Tax paid is deductible from taxable income, except for timber.	25 percent of the fob value for timber, decreasing to 15 percent of log content for transformed products. 13.5 percent for other commodities.
	4.22	Timber tax (Taxe d’abattage)	Levied on timber.			2.5 percent of the fob value.
	4.23	Taxe de conditionnement	Levied on agricultural products and assessed on their f.o.b. value.		Tea and flour are exempt	0.5 percent
	4.24	Taxe phvtosanitaire	Levied on hides and skins, tobacco, and cocoa beans.			CFAF 50 per ton.**
	4.25	Inspection tax	Levied on the f.o.b. value of exports of cocoa, coffee, cotton, bananas, medicinal plants, and timber.			0.95 percent
	4.26	Sanitary inspection tax (Taxe d’inspection sanitaire)	Levied on fish, meat, and cattle.			1 percent
5.	Other taxes
	5.1	Registration and stamp duties (Droits d’enregistrement)	Assessed on the value declared at the time a contract or judicial act is concluded.		Commercial activities	Varies from 1 to 15 percent depending on nature of activity.
	5.2	Tax on cattle (Taxe sur le bétail)	Levied on owners of cattle and horses. The proceeds go directly to local budgets.		Cattle owned by the Government and those used for breeding are exempt	CFAF 200 per head of cattle; CFAF 150 per horse.
	5.3	Tax on firearms (Taxe sur les armes à feu)	Levied on owners of firearms.		Firearms used by the military and those held in stock are exempt	From CFAF 200 to CFAF 2,000.
	5.4	Reforestation tax (Taxe de reboisement)	Levied on businesses involved in exploitation of forest resources.			CFAF 5 to CFAF 6 per hectare per annum.
	5.5	Area tax and access right levied on area allocated to forester (droit d’accés et de superficie)				CFAF 300 per hectare for small area (ventes de coupe) phis access right varying from 100 to CFAF 300 per hectare.

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^¹This summary does not cover oil companies; the tax regime of these companies is governed by contractual arrangements with the Government (see SM/93/162,7/23/93, Section IV).

STATISTICAL APPENDIX

Table 1.

Cameroon: Gross Domestic Product and Expenditure, 199CV91-1995/96 ^1/

(At current prices)

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Series have been revised on the basis of new national accounts and balance of payments data.

Table 1.

Cameroon: Gross Domestic Product and Expenditure, 199CV91-1995/96 ^1/

(At current prices)

				1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
								Est.	Est.
				(In billions of CFA francs)
Domestic demand				3.162	3,018	3,126	3,328	3,961	4,471
	Consumption			2,605	2,589	2,603	2,804	3362	3,741
		Private sector		2,162	2,179	2,198	2,464	3,006	3379
		Central government		443	409	405	340	356	362
	Investment			557	430	522	524	599	730
		Gross fixed investment		556	457	493	524	599	730
			Private sector	423	372	435	479	551	697
			Central government	133	85	57	45	48	33
		Change in stocks		1	−27	30	0	0	0
Net foreign balance				179	177	30	88	169	99
	Exports of goods and nonfactor services			668	646	535	754	1,007	1,049
	Imports of goods and nonfactor services			489	469	505	666	838	950
GDP at current market prices				3,340	3,195	3,155	3,416	4,130	4,571
	Minus: net factor payments abroad			(197)	(115)	(194)	(242)	(346)	(345)
Gross national product				3,144	3,080	2,962	3,174	3,784	4,226
	Minus: unrequited transfers, net			16	49	(5)	9	5	37
Gross national income				3,128	3,031	2,966	3,166	3,779	4,189
				(In percent of GDP at market prices)
GDP at current market prices				100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
	Consumption			78.0	81.0	82.5	82.1	81.4	81.9
		Private sector		64.7	68.2	69.7	72.1	72.8	73.9
		Central government		13.3	12.8	12.8	10.0	8.6	7.9
	Investment			16.7	13.5	16.6	15.3	14.5	16.0
		Gross fixed investment		16.6	14.3	15.6	15.3	14.5	16.0
			Private sector	12.7	11.6	13.8	14.0	13.3	15.2
			Central government	4.0	2.7	1.8	1.3	1.2	0.7
		Change in stocks		0	−0.9	0.9	0	0	0
Net foreign balance				5.3	5.5	0.9	2.6	4.1	2.2
	Exports of goods and nonfactor services			20.0	20.2	16.9	22.1	24.4	23.0
	Imports of goods and nonfactor services			14.6	14.7	16.0	19.5	20.3	20.8
Gross national product				94.1	96.4	93.9	92.9	91.6	92.5
Gross national income				93.6	94.9	94.0	92.7	91.5	91.7

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Series have been revised on the basis of new national accounts and balance of payments data.

Table 1.

Cameroon: Gross Domestic Product and Expenditure, 199CV91-1995/96 ^1/

(At current prices)

				1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
								Est.	Est.
				(In billions of CFA francs)
Domestic demand				3.162	3,018	3,126	3,328	3,961	4,471
	Consumption			2,605	2,589	2,603	2,804	3362	3,741
		Private sector		2,162	2,179	2,198	2,464	3,006	3379
		Central government		443	409	405	340	356	362
	Investment			557	430	522	524	599	730
		Gross fixed investment		556	457	493	524	599	730
			Private sector	423	372	435	479	551	697
			Central government	133	85	57	45	48	33
		Change in stocks		1	−27	30	0	0	0
Net foreign balance				179	177	30	88	169	99
	Exports of goods and nonfactor services			668	646	535	754	1,007	1,049
	Imports of goods and nonfactor services			489	469	505	666	838	950
GDP at current market prices				3,340	3,195	3,155	3,416	4,130	4,571
	Minus: net factor payments abroad			(197)	(115)	(194)	(242)	(346)	(345)
Gross national product				3,144	3,080	2,962	3,174	3,784	4,226
	Minus: unrequited transfers, net			16	49	(5)	9	5	37
Gross national income				3,128	3,031	2,966	3,166	3,779	4,189
				(In percent of GDP at market prices)
GDP at current market prices				100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
	Consumption			78.0	81.0	82.5	82.1	81.4	81.9
		Private sector		64.7	68.2	69.7	72.1	72.8	73.9
		Central government		13.3	12.8	12.8	10.0	8.6	7.9
	Investment			16.7	13.5	16.6	15.3	14.5	16.0
		Gross fixed investment		16.6	14.3	15.6	15.3	14.5	16.0
			Private sector	12.7	11.6	13.8	14.0	13.3	15.2
			Central government	4.0	2.7	1.8	1.3	1.2	0.7
		Change in stocks		0	−0.9	0.9	0	0	0
Net foreign balance				5.3	5.5	0.9	2.6	4.1	2.2
	Exports of goods and nonfactor services			20.0	20.2	16.9	22.1	24.4	23.0
	Imports of goods and nonfactor services			14.6	14.7	16.0	19.5	20.3	20.8
Gross national product				94.1	96.4	93.9	92.9	91.6	92.5
Gross national income				93.6	94.9	94.0	92.7	91.5	91.7

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Series have been revised on the basis of new national accounts and balance of payments data.

Table 2.

Cameroon: Gross Domestic Product and Expenditure, 1990/91-1995/96 ^1/

(At constant 1989/90 prices)

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Series have been revised on the basis of new national accounts and balance of payments data.

Table 2.

Cameroon: Gross Domestic Product and Expenditure, 1990/91-1995/96 ^1/

(At constant 1989/90 prices)

			1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
							Est.	Est.
			(In billions of CFA francs)
Domestic demand			3,109	3,029	2,867	2,839	2,944	3,130
	Consumption		2,548	2,584	2,309	2,399	2,533	2,666
		Private sector	2,081	2,196	1,980	2,055	2,187	2335
		Central government	467	388	329	343	346	331
	Investment		560	444	558	440	411	464
		Gross fixed investment	560	473	526	440	411	464
		Change in stocks	1	−28	32	0	0	0
Net foreign balance			118	100	163	115	107	74
	Exports of goods and nonfactor services		662	699	720	685	673	715
	Imports of goods and nonfactor services		544	600	557	570	566	641
GDP at constant market prices			3,227	3,128	3,029	2,954	3,051	3,204
			(Annual percentage changes)
Domestic demand			−4.3	−2.6	−5.3	−1.0	3.7	6.3
	Consumption		−3.9	1.4	−10.7	3.9	5.6	5.2
		Private	−6.4	5.5	−9.8	3.8	6.4	6.7
		Central government	9.2	−16.8	−15.3	4.3	0.9	−4.2
	Investment		−6.2	−20.7	25.6	−21.1	−6.6	12.8
	Foreign balance, net		3.9	−4.6	10.0	−7.1	−1.0	−7.0
		Exports of goods and nonfactor services	−9.6	5.6	2.9	−4.9	−1.8	6.3
		Imports of goods and nonfactor services	−13.5	10.2	−7.1	2.2	−0.7	13.3
GDP at constant market prices			−3.8	−3.1	−3.2	−2.5	3.3	5.0

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Series have been revised on the basis of new national accounts and balance of payments data.

Table 2.

Cameroon: Gross Domestic Product and Expenditure, 1990/91-1995/96 ^1/

(At constant 1989/90 prices)

			1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
							Est.	Est.
			(In billions of CFA francs)
Domestic demand			3,109	3,029	2,867	2,839	2,944	3,130
	Consumption		2,548	2,584	2,309	2,399	2,533	2,666
		Private sector	2,081	2,196	1,980	2,055	2,187	2335
		Central government	467	388	329	343	346	331
	Investment		560	444	558	440	411	464
		Gross fixed investment	560	473	526	440	411	464
		Change in stocks	1	−28	32	0	0	0
Net foreign balance			118	100	163	115	107	74
	Exports of goods and nonfactor services		662	699	720	685	673	715
	Imports of goods and nonfactor services		544	600	557	570	566	641
GDP at constant market prices			3,227	3,128	3,029	2,954	3,051	3,204
			(Annual percentage changes)
Domestic demand			−4.3	−2.6	−5.3	−1.0	3.7	6.3
	Consumption		−3.9	1.4	−10.7	3.9	5.6	5.2
		Private	−6.4	5.5	−9.8	3.8	6.4	6.7
		Central government	9.2	−16.8	−15.3	4.3	0.9	−4.2
	Investment		−6.2	−20.7	25.6	−21.1	−6.6	12.8
	Foreign balance, net		3.9	−4.6	10.0	−7.1	−1.0	−7.0
		Exports of goods and nonfactor services	−9.6	5.6	2.9	−4.9	−1.8	6.3
		Imports of goods and nonfactor services	−13.5	10.2	−7.1	2.2	−0.7	13.3
GDP at constant market prices			−3.8	−3.1	−3.2	−2.5	3.3	5.0

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Series have been revised on the basis of new national accounts and balance of payments data.

Table 3.

Cameroon: Gross Domestic Product by Sector of Origin, 199CV91-1995/96 ^1/

(At current prices)

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Series have been revised on the basis of new national accounts.

Table 3.

Cameroon: Gross Domestic Product by Sector of Origin, 199CV91-1995/96 ^1/

(At current prices)

			1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
							Est.	Est.
			(In billions of CFA francs)
GDP at current market prices			3,340	3,195	3,155	3,416	4,130	4,571
		Of which: non-oil sector	(3,040)	(2,976)	(2,977)	(3,102)	(3,766)	(4,237)
	Primary sector		810	849	861	1,322	1,617	1,836
		Food crops	429	440	464	629	754	845
		Cash crops	113	129	120	256	326	375
		Livestock and hunting	135	135	138	157	178	192
		Fishing	5	6	5	7	8	9
		Forestry	128	138	134	273	351	416
	Secondary sector		965	802	759	785	962	1,006
		Mining	300	219	179	314	364	334
		Manufacturing	473	445	420	331	412	453
		Electrity, gas, and water	61	54	55	58	66	73
		Housing and public works	131	84	105	82	120	147
	Tertiary sector		1,493	1,463	1,463	1,234	1,448	1,600
		Of which: government services, etc.	346	335	541	427	368	370
	Indirect taxes net of subsidies		72	81	73	25	103	128
			(In percent of GDP at market prices)
GDP at current market prices			100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
		Of which: non-oil sector	(91.0)	(93.1)	(943)	(90.8)	(912)	(92.7)
	Primary sector		24.3	26.6	27.3	38.7	39.2	40.2
	Secondary sector		28.9	25.1	24.0	23.0	23.3	22.0
		Of which: oil sector	(9.0)	(6.9)	(5.7)	(9.2)	(8.8)	(7.3)
	Tertiary sector		44.7	45.8	46.4	36.1	35.1	35.0
	Indirect taxes net of subsidies		2.2	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.5	2.8

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Series have been revised on the basis of new national accounts.

Table 3.

Cameroon: Gross Domestic Product by Sector of Origin, 199CV91-1995/96 ^1/

(At current prices)

			1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
							Est.	Est.
			(In billions of CFA francs)
GDP at current market prices			3,340	3,195	3,155	3,416	4,130	4,571
		Of which: non-oil sector	(3,040)	(2,976)	(2,977)	(3,102)	(3,766)	(4,237)
	Primary sector		810	849	861	1,322	1,617	1,836
		Food crops	429	440	464	629	754	845
		Cash crops	113	129	120	256	326	375
		Livestock and hunting	135	135	138	157	178	192
		Fishing	5	6	5	7	8	9
		Forestry	128	138	134	273	351	416
	Secondary sector		965	802	759	785	962	1,006
		Mining	300	219	179	314	364	334
		Manufacturing	473	445	420	331	412	453
		Electrity, gas, and water	61	54	55	58	66	73
		Housing and public works	131	84	105	82	120	147
	Tertiary sector		1,493	1,463	1,463	1,234	1,448	1,600
		Of which: government services, etc.	346	335	541	427	368	370
	Indirect taxes net of subsidies		72	81	73	25	103	128
			(In percent of GDP at market prices)
GDP at current market prices			100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
		Of which: non-oil sector	(91.0)	(93.1)	(943)	(90.8)	(912)	(92.7)
	Primary sector		24.3	26.6	27.3	38.7	39.2	40.2
	Secondary sector		28.9	25.1	24.0	23.0	23.3	22.0
		Of which: oil sector	(9.0)	(6.9)	(5.7)	(9.2)	(8.8)	(7.3)
	Tertiary sector		44.7	45.8	46.4	36.1	35.1	35.0
	Indirect taxes net of subsidies		2.2	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.5	2.8

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Series have been revised on the basis of new national accounts.

Table 4.

Cameroon: Gross Domestic Product by Sector of Origin, 1990/91-1995/96 ^1/

(At constant 1989/90 prices)

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Series have been revised on the basis of new national accounts.

Table 4.

Cameroon: Gross Domestic Product by Sector of Origin, 1990/91-1995/96 ^1/

(At constant 1989/90 prices)

			1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
							Est.	Est.
			(In billions of CFA francs)
GDP at constant market prices			3,227	3,128	3,029	2,954	3,051	3,204
	Of which: non-oil sector		(2,981)	(2,907)	(2,849)	(2,787)	(2,902)	(3,073)
	Primary sector		773	819	829	855	929	998
		Food crops	377	388	404	399	432	462
		Cash crops	133	140	144	180	208	229
		Livestock and hunting	129	134	134	143	138	142
		Fishing	5	6	5	6	7	7
		Forestry	129	151	142	127	145	158
	Secondary sector		901	807	772	661	645	664
		Mining	246	221	181	167	150	131
		Manufacturing	466	448	431	362	357	386
		Electrity, gas, and water	58	52	52	56	58	61
		Housing and public works	131	86	108	76	80	86
	Tertiary sector		1,553	1,156	1,111	1,147	1,195	1,224
		Of which: government services, etc.	(365)	(318)	(327)	(313)	(323)	(319)
	Indirect taxes net of subsidies		80	104	99	67	58	82
			(Annual percentage changes)
GDP at constant market prices			−3.8	−3.1	−3.2	−2.5	3.3	5.0
	Of which: non-oil sector		(−2.8)	(−2.5)	(−2.0)	(−22)	(4.1)	(5.9)
	Primary sector		−3.9	6.0	1.2	3.1	8.7	7.4
	Secondary sector		−6.6	−10.4	−4.3	−14.4	−2.4	2.8
		Of which: oil sector	(−13.8)	(−10.0)	(−18.3)	(−7.6)	(−10.3)	(−12.5)
	Tertiary sector		−2.0	−25.6	−3.8	3.2	4.2	2.5
		Of which: government services, etc.	(10.5)	(−12.8)	(2.8)	(−4.2)	(3.3)	(−1.5)
	Indirect taxes net of subsidies		1.4	29.2	−4.6	−32.1	−13.2	40.0

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Series have been revised on the basis of new national accounts.

Table 4.

Cameroon: Gross Domestic Product by Sector of Origin, 1990/91-1995/96 ^1/

(At constant 1989/90 prices)

			1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
							Est.	Est.
			(In billions of CFA francs)
GDP at constant market prices			3,227	3,128	3,029	2,954	3,051	3,204
	Of which: non-oil sector		(2,981)	(2,907)	(2,849)	(2,787)	(2,902)	(3,073)
	Primary sector		773	819	829	855	929	998
		Food crops	377	388	404	399	432	462
		Cash crops	133	140	144	180	208	229
		Livestock and hunting	129	134	134	143	138	142
		Fishing	5	6	5	6	7	7
		Forestry	129	151	142	127	145	158
	Secondary sector		901	807	772	661	645	664
		Mining	246	221	181	167	150	131
		Manufacturing	466	448	431	362	357	386
		Electrity, gas, and water	58	52	52	56	58	61
		Housing and public works	131	86	108	76	80	86
	Tertiary sector		1,553	1,156	1,111	1,147	1,195	1,224
		Of which: government services, etc.	(365)	(318)	(327)	(313)	(323)	(319)
	Indirect taxes net of subsidies		80	104	99	67	58	82
			(Annual percentage changes)
GDP at constant market prices			−3.8	−3.1	−3.2	−2.5	3.3	5.0
	Of which: non-oil sector		(−2.8)	(−2.5)	(−2.0)	(−22)	(4.1)	(5.9)
	Primary sector		−3.9	6.0	1.2	3.1	8.7	7.4
	Secondary sector		−6.6	−10.4	−4.3	−14.4	−2.4	2.8
		Of which: oil sector	(−13.8)	(−10.0)	(−18.3)	(−7.6)	(−10.3)	(−12.5)
	Tertiary sector		−2.0	−25.6	−3.8	3.2	4.2	2.5
		Of which: government services, etc.	(10.5)	(−12.8)	(2.8)	(−4.2)	(3.3)	(−1.5)
	Indirect taxes net of subsidies		1.4	29.2	−4.6	−32.1	−13.2	40.0

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Series have been revised on the basis of new national accounts.

Table 5.

Cameroon: Income, Savings, and Net Financial Balances, 1990/91 -1995/96

Sources: Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Gross disposable national income minus total consumption.

^{^2/}Central government total revenue minus current expenditure (excluding interest payments to the IMF) minus restructuring expenses.

^{^3/}GDP at market prices minus total consumption.

Table 5.

Cameroon: Income, Savings, and Net Financial Balances, 1990/91 -1995/96

							1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
											Est.	Est.
							(In billions of CFA francs)
GDP at market prices							3,340	3,195	3,155	3,416	4,130	4,571
	Plus: factor services (net)						−197	−115	−194	−242	−346	−345
	Equal: gross national product						3,144	3,080	2,962	3,174	3,784	4,226
	Plus: unrequited transfers (net)						16	49	−5	9	5	37
	Equal: gross disposable national income						3,159	3,130	2,957	3,183	3,789	4,263
Total consumption							2,605	2,589	2,603	2,804	3,362	3,741
	Private						2,162	2,179	2,198	2,464	3,006	3,379
	Central government						443	409	405	340	356	362
Gross national savings ^1/							554	541	353	379	427	522
	Private						697	602	495	649	586	612
		Non–oil sector					621	571	437	536	486	543
		Oil sector					76	31	58	113	100	70
	Central government ^2/						−142	−60	−142	−271	−160	−91
Gross domestic savings ^3/							735	607	552	612	768	829
	Private						813	599	569	674	632	635
		Non–oil sector					697	542	484	533	500	534
		Oil sector					117	56	85	141	131	101
	Central government						−78	8	−17	−62	136	194
							(Net financial balances, in percent of GDP)
Total economy							−0.1	3.5	−5.4	−4.3	−4.2	−4.6
	Gross national savings						16.6	16.9	11.2	11.1	10.3	11.4
		Of which: domestic savings					(22.0)	(19.0)	(17.5)	(17.9)	(18.6)	(18.1)
	Gross domestic investment						16.7	13.5	16.6	15.3	14.5	16.0
		Private sector					82	8.0	1.0	5.0	0.8	−1.8
			Gross national savings				20.9	18.8	15.7	19.0	142	13.4
				Of which: domestic savings			(24.3)	(18.7)	(18.0)	(19.7)	(153)	(13.9)
			Gross domestic investment				12.7	10.8	14.7	14.0	133	152
				Non–oil private sector			6.1	7.4	−02	3.0	−0.0	−1.9
					Gross national savings		18.6	17.9	13.9	15.7	11.8	11.9
						Of which: domestic savings	(20.9)	(17.0)	(15.3)	(15.6)	(12.1)	(11.7)
					Gross domestic investment		12.5	10.4	14.1	12.7	11.8	13.7
				Oil sector			2.1	0.6	1.1	2.0	0.9	0.0
					Gross national savings		2.3	1.0	1.8	3.3	2.4	1.5
						Of which: domestic savings	(3.5)	(1.8)	(2.7)	(4.1)	(32)	(22)
					Gross domestic investment		0.2	0.4	0.7	1.3	1.5	1.5
		Central government					−8.2	−4.5	−6.3	−92	−5.0	−2.7
			Gross national savings				−4.3	−1.9	−4.5	−7.9	−3.9	−2.0
				Of which: domestic savings			(−23)	(0.3)	(−0.5)	(−1.8)	(3.3)	(4.3)
			Gross domestic investment				4.0	2.7	1.8	1.3	1.2	0.7
Memorandum hems:
	Gross disposable national income						94.6	98.0	93.7	932	91.7	93.3
	Total consumption						78.0	81.0	82.5	82.1	81.4	81.9
		Private					64.7	68.2	69.7	72.1	72.8	73.9
		Central government					13.3	12.8	12.8	10.0	8.6	7.9

Sources: Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Gross disposable national income minus total consumption.

^{^2/}Central government total revenue minus current expenditure (excluding interest payments to the IMF) minus restructuring expenses.

^{^3/}GDP at market prices minus total consumption.

Table 5.

Cameroon: Income, Savings, and Net Financial Balances, 1990/91 -1995/96

							1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
											Est.	Est.
							(In billions of CFA francs)
GDP at market prices							3,340	3,195	3,155	3,416	4,130	4,571
	Plus: factor services (net)						−197	−115	−194	−242	−346	−345
	Equal: gross national product						3,144	3,080	2,962	3,174	3,784	4,226
	Plus: unrequited transfers (net)						16	49	−5	9	5	37
	Equal: gross disposable national income						3,159	3,130	2,957	3,183	3,789	4,263
Total consumption							2,605	2,589	2,603	2,804	3,362	3,741
	Private						2,162	2,179	2,198	2,464	3,006	3,379
	Central government						443	409	405	340	356	362
Gross national savings ^1/							554	541	353	379	427	522
	Private						697	602	495	649	586	612
		Non–oil sector					621	571	437	536	486	543
		Oil sector					76	31	58	113	100	70
	Central government ^2/						−142	−60	−142	−271	−160	−91
Gross domestic savings ^3/							735	607	552	612	768	829
	Private						813	599	569	674	632	635
		Non–oil sector					697	542	484	533	500	534
		Oil sector					117	56	85	141	131	101
	Central government						−78	8	−17	−62	136	194
							(Net financial balances, in percent of GDP)
Total economy							−0.1	3.5	−5.4	−4.3	−4.2	−4.6
	Gross national savings						16.6	16.9	11.2	11.1	10.3	11.4
		Of which: domestic savings					(22.0)	(19.0)	(17.5)	(17.9)	(18.6)	(18.1)
	Gross domestic investment						16.7	13.5	16.6	15.3	14.5	16.0
		Private sector					82	8.0	1.0	5.0	0.8	−1.8
			Gross national savings				20.9	18.8	15.7	19.0	142	13.4
				Of which: domestic savings			(24.3)	(18.7)	(18.0)	(19.7)	(153)	(13.9)
			Gross domestic investment				12.7	10.8	14.7	14.0	133	152
				Non–oil private sector			6.1	7.4	−02	3.0	−0.0	−1.9
					Gross national savings		18.6	17.9	13.9	15.7	11.8	11.9
						Of which: domestic savings	(20.9)	(17.0)	(15.3)	(15.6)	(12.1)	(11.7)
					Gross domestic investment		12.5	10.4	14.1	12.7	11.8	13.7
				Oil sector			2.1	0.6	1.1	2.0	0.9	0.0
					Gross national savings		2.3	1.0	1.8	3.3	2.4	1.5
						Of which: domestic savings	(3.5)	(1.8)	(2.7)	(4.1)	(32)	(22)
					Gross domestic investment		0.2	0.4	0.7	1.3	1.5	1.5
		Central government					−8.2	−4.5	−6.3	−92	−5.0	−2.7
			Gross national savings				−4.3	−1.9	−4.5	−7.9	−3.9	−2.0
				Of which: domestic savings			(−23)	(0.3)	(−0.5)	(−1.8)	(3.3)	(4.3)
			Gross domestic investment				4.0	2.7	1.8	1.3	1.2	0.7
Memorandum hems:
	Gross disposable national income						94.6	98.0	93.7	932	91.7	93.3
	Total consumption						78.0	81.0	82.5	82.1	81.4	81.9
		Private					64.7	68.2	69.7	72.1	72.8	73.9
		Central government					13.3	12.8	12.8	10.0	8.6	7.9

Sources: Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}Gross disposable national income minus total consumption.

^{^2/}Central government total revenue minus current expenditure (excluding interest payments to the IMF) minus restructuring expenses.

^{^3/}GDP at market prices minus total consumption.

Table 6.

Cameroon: Production of Principal Food Crops, 1990/91-1995/96

(In thousands of metric tons)

Source: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^{^1/}Modern sector.

^{^2/}Includes macabo, taro, cassava, yams, and sweet potatoes.

Table 6.

Cameroon: Production of Principal Food Crops, 1990/91-1995/96

(In thousands of metric tons)

	1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
					Est.	Est.
Millet and sorghum	215	350	423	281	325	350
Maize	512	531	507	524	618	750
Rice (paddy) ^1/	90	23	17	25	25	24
Sugarcane	97	60	59	53	55	55
Groundnuts (shelled)	114	121	137	99	118	118
Tubers ^2/	1,971	2,402	2,280	2,187	2,617	2,650
Potatoes	39	38	45	38	41	35
Plantains	870	1,037	1,035	1,120	1,211	1,250
Palm oil ^1/	94	125	75	102	100	100

Source: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^{^1/}Modern sector.

^{^2/}Includes macabo, taro, cassava, yams, and sweet potatoes.

Table 6.

Cameroon: Production of Principal Food Crops, 1990/91-1995/96

(In thousands of metric tons)

	1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
					Est.	Est.
Millet and sorghum	215	350	423	281	325	350
Maize	512	531	507	524	618	750
Rice (paddy) ^1/	90	23	17	25	25	24
Sugarcane	97	60	59	53	55	55
Groundnuts (shelled)	114	121	137	99	118	118
Tubers ^2/	1,971	2,402	2,280	2,187	2,617	2,650
Potatoes	39	38	45	38	41	35
Plantains	870	1,037	1,035	1,120	1,211	1,250
Palm oil ^1/	94	125	75	102	100	100

Source: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^{^1/}Modern sector.

^{^2/}Includes macabo, taro, cassava, yams, and sweet potatoes.

Table 7.

Cameroon: Domestic Consumption of Petroleum Products, 1990/91-1995/96 ^1/

(In millions of liters)

Source: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^{^1/}Includes sales to other UDEAC countries.

Table 7.

Cameroon: Domestic Consumption of Petroleum Products, 1990/91-1995/96 ^1/

(In millions of liters)

		1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
						Est.	Est.
Premium gasoline		249	265	321	347	336	320
Regular gasoline		22	10	0	0	0	0
Kerosene		141	137	122	139	144	140
Diesel		226	215	225	232	263	230
Jet fuels		51	62	55	50	70	70
Heavy fuel (1500)		55	50	35	50	45	50
	Total	744	739	757	818	858	810

Source: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^{^1/}Includes sales to other UDEAC countries.

Table 7.

Cameroon: Domestic Consumption of Petroleum Products, 1990/91-1995/96 ^1/

(In millions of liters)

		1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
						Est.	Est.
Premium gasoline		249	265	321	347	336	320
Regular gasoline		22	10	0	0	0	0
Kerosene		141	137	122	139	144	140
Diesel		226	215	225	232	263	230
Jet fuels		51	62	55	50	70	70
Heavy fuel (1500)		55	50	35	50	45	50
	Total	744	739	757	818	858	810

Source: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^{^1/}Includes sales to other UDEAC countries.

Table 8.

Cameroon: Consumer Price Developments, December 1993-June 1996 ^1/

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}New series based on the 1983/84 consumer expenditure survey. Cameroon’s Directorate for Statistics did not produce a consumer price index during the period October 1990-December 1993; during December 1990-December 1993, consumer prices declined cumulatively by an estimated 1.7 percent.

Table 8.

Cameroon: Consumer Price Developments, December 1993-June 1996 ^1/

		Weights	1993	1994	1995	1996
		Weights	Dec.	June	Dec.	June	Dec.	June
		(In percent)	(Indices, December 1993 = 100)
Aggregate index		100.0	100.0	132.0	148.4	149.7	158.7	156.3
	Food	40.3	100.0	136.4	164.8	162.1	175.3	166.6
	Beverages and tobacco	8.8	100.0	131.4	147.7	148.3	156.0	152.5
	Housing	18.0	100.0	116.0	122.8	123.8	132.9	144.7
	Clothing	7.6	100.0	127.0	136.3	139.1	149.0	135.1
	Transportation	13.0	100.0	128.9	131.4	134.4	142.1	153.9
	Health	8.6	100.0	159.3	172.9	192.0	176.4	161.6
	Leisure	2.4	100.0	112.4	115.7	112.9	140.5	136.5
	Services, and other items	1.3	100.0	138.5	138.5	138.5	158.8	171.6
Analytical categories:
	Market items	34.5	100.0	137.0	167.0	164.4	175.7	163.1
	Store items	37.9	100.0	144.0	157.1	162.9	171.3	172.6
	Services and other	27.6	100.0	109.4	113.2	113.2	120.2	125.3
	Nontradable goods and services	32.1	100.0	120.3	129.9	118.9	137.0	134.1
	Tradable goods	67.9	100.0	137.6	157.1	164.2	168.9	166.7
	Locally produced items	75.2	100.0	129.0	148.6	150.2	156.6	156.4
	Imported items	24.8	100.0	141.2	147.9	148.2	165.0	156.0
	Food crops	25.4	100.0	135.9	162.1	152.2	175.1	154.3
	Manufactures—informal sector	8.3	100.0	174.8	188.4	230.3	203.6	221.3
	Manufactures—formal sector	39.2	100.0	136.0	155.2	156.1	165.0	165.2
	Services	27.1	100.0	109.6	113.5	113.5	120.5	125.2

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

Table 8.

Cameroon: Consumer Price Developments, December 1993-June 1996 ^1/

		Weights	1993	1994	1995	1996
		Weights	Dec.	June	Dec.	June	Dec.	June
		(In percent)	(Indices, December 1993 = 100)
Aggregate index		100.0	100.0	132.0	148.4	149.7	158.7	156.3
	Food	40.3	100.0	136.4	164.8	162.1	175.3	166.6
	Beverages and tobacco	8.8	100.0	131.4	147.7	148.3	156.0	152.5
	Housing	18.0	100.0	116.0	122.8	123.8	132.9	144.7
	Clothing	7.6	100.0	127.0	136.3	139.1	149.0	135.1
	Transportation	13.0	100.0	128.9	131.4	134.4	142.1	153.9
	Health	8.6	100.0	159.3	172.9	192.0	176.4	161.6
	Leisure	2.4	100.0	112.4	115.7	112.9	140.5	136.5
	Services, and other items	1.3	100.0	138.5	138.5	138.5	158.8	171.6
Analytical categories:
	Market items	34.5	100.0	137.0	167.0	164.4	175.7	163.1
	Store items	37.9	100.0	144.0	157.1	162.9	171.3	172.6
	Services and other	27.6	100.0	109.4	113.2	113.2	120.2	125.3
	Nontradable goods and services	32.1	100.0	120.3	129.9	118.9	137.0	134.1
	Tradable goods	67.9	100.0	137.6	157.1	164.2	168.9	166.7
	Locally produced items	75.2	100.0	129.0	148.6	150.2	156.6	156.4
	Imported items	24.8	100.0	141.2	147.9	148.2	165.0	156.0
	Food crops	25.4	100.0	135.9	162.1	152.2	175.1	154.3
	Manufactures—informal sector	8.3	100.0	174.8	188.4	230.3	203.6	221.3
	Manufactures—formal sector	39.2	100.0	136.0	155.2	156.1	165.0	165.2
	Services	27.1	100.0	109.6	113.5	113.5	120.5	125.2

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

Table 9.

Cameroon: Selected Producer Prices, 1990/91-1995/96

(In CFA francs per kilogram)

Source: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^{^1/}The producer prices for cocoa, coffee, and cotton were determined in September, January, and November, respectively, until 1992/93. Since the liberalization of the market in 1994/95, the producer prices are negotiated between the purchaser and the producer.

^{^2/}The substandard grade was discontinued in 1993/94.

Table 9.

Cameroon: Selected Producer Prices, 1990/91-1995/96

(In CFA francs per kilogram)

			1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
							Est.	Est.
Producer prices ^1/
	Cocoa ^2/
		Grade I	230	220	200	300	380-550	250-375
		Grade II	230	220	200	300	…	…
		Substandard	150	100	100	…	…	…
	Coffee
		Robusta	155	155	100	270	350-980	300-700
		Arabica	250	250	250	550	700-1,200	400-500
	Cotton
		Grade I	95	95	85	107	135	150
		Grade II	80	85	80	102	125	125

Source: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^{^2/}The substandard grade was discontinued in 1993/94.

Table 9.

Cameroon: Selected Producer Prices, 1990/91-1995/96

(In CFA francs per kilogram)

			1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
							Est.	Est.
Producer prices ^1/
	Cocoa ^2/
		Grade I	230	220	200	300	380-550	250-375
		Grade II	230	220	200	300	…	…
		Substandard	150	100	100	…	…	…
	Coffee
		Robusta	155	155	100	270	350-980	300-700
		Arabica	250	250	250	550	700-1,200	400-500
	Cotton
		Grade I	95	95	85	107	135	150
		Grade II	80	85	80	102	125	125

Source: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^{^2/}The substandard grade was discontinued in 1993/94.

Table 10.

Cameroon: Petroleum Product Price Schedule, 1994-1996

(In CPA francs per liter)

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^{^1/}From February 1994 to January 1995.

^{^2/}From January 1995 to July 1995.

^{^3/}From July 1995 to February 1996

^{^4/}From February 1996 to September 1996.

^{^5/}From September 1996 onward.

Table 10.

Cameroon: Petroleum Product Price Schedule, 1994-1996

(In CPA francs per liter)

				1994-95 ^1/			1995 ^2/			1995-96 ^3/			1996 ^4/			1996 ^5/
				Premium gasoline	Kerosene	Diesel	Premium gasoline	Kerosene	Diesel	Premium gasoline	Kerosene	Diesel	Premium gasoline	Kerosene	Diesel	Premium gasoline	Kerosene	Diesel
Exrefinery price				92.60	92.60	93.20	96.06	92.60	96.66	97.62	94.16	98.22	100.62	98.16	100.72	117.20	113.37	117.30
	Toll and harbor user tax			2.10	2.20	1.60	2.23	2.41	2.56	2.68	1.99	2.11	2.68	1.99	2.11	2.64	1.95	2.07
	Storage (SCDP) user fee			6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41
	Transport			255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255
	Storage losses			0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86
	Security stock			0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Equalization fund (péréquation)			0.00	−31.26	0.00	22.23	−21.86	13.33	22.90	−3.70	12.88	28.11	1.38	18.64	25.84	−3.78	16.38
	Stabilization			0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Other items			0.00	−0.03	−0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.50	0.00	0.00	0.76	0.00	0.00	0.76	0.00
Total storage, transport, and stabilization costs				11.92	−19.27	11.39	34.28	−9.63	25.71	35.40	8.61	24.81	40.61	13.95	30.57	38.30	8.75	28.27
	Customs duties on petroleum			9.26	0.00	9.32	13.86	0.00	13.95	13.86	0.00	13.95	14.31	0.00	14.33	16.80	0.00	16.82
	Turnover tax on petroleum			12.73	0.00	12.82	15.94	0.00	16.05	18.07	0.00	18.19	18.65	0.00	18.67	21.90	0.00	21.92
	Special tax on petroleum			80.00	0.00	30.00	80.00	0.00	30.00	120.00	0.00	65.00	120.00	0.00	65.00	120.00	0.00	65.00
	Turnover tax on storage user fee			0.80	0.80	0.80	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20
	Registration fee			0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Turnover tax on transport			0.32	0.32	0.32	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48
Total taxes				103.11	1.12	53.26	111.28	1.48	61.48	153.61	1.68	98.82	154.64	1.68	99.68	160.38	1.68	105.42
	Interest charges			1.29	1.01	0.72	1.29	1.01	0.72	1.29	1.01	0.72	2.05	1.67	1.60	2.05	1.67	1.60
	Remuneration of the distribution company			29.12	16.08	14.72	29.12	16.08	14.72	29.12	16.08	14.72	29.12	16.08	14.72	29.12	16.08	14.72
		Of which: operating costs		(16.43)	(10.49)	(6.29)	(16.43)	(10.49)	(6.29)	(16.43)	(10.49)	(6.29)	(16.43)	(10.49)	(6.29)	(16.43)	(10.49)	(6.29)
			profits	(8.19)	(2.06)	(6.19)	(8.19)	(2.06)	(6.19)	(8.19)	(2.06)	(6.19)	(8.19)	(2.06)	(6.19)	(8.19)	(2.06)	(6.19)
			amortization and maintenance	(4.50)	(3.53)	(2.24)	(4.50)	(3.53)	(2.24)	(4.50)	(3.53)	(2.24)	(4.50)	(3.53)	(2.24)	(4.50)	(3.53)	(2.24)
	Retail remuneration			12.96	8.46	6.71	12.96	8.46	6.71	12.96	8.46	7.71	12.96	8.46	7.71	12.96	8.46	7.71
Total distribution costs				43.37	25.55	22.15	188.93	17.40	109.34	232.38	35.84	146.78	239.38	41.84	154.28	242.81	36.64	157.72
Retail price				251.00	100.00	180.00	285.00	110.00	206.00	330.00	130.00	245.00	340.00	140.00	255.00	360.00	150.00	275.00

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^{^1/}From February 1994 to January 1995.

^{^2/}From January 1995 to July 1995.

^{^3/}From July 1995 to February 1996

^{^4/}From February 1996 to September 1996.

^{^5/}From September 1996 onward.

Table 10.

Cameroon: Petroleum Product Price Schedule, 1994-1996

(In CPA francs per liter)

				1994-95 ^1/			1995 ^2/			1995-96 ^3/			1996 ^4/			1996 ^5/
				Premium gasoline	Kerosene	Diesel	Premium gasoline	Kerosene	Diesel	Premium gasoline	Kerosene	Diesel	Premium gasoline	Kerosene	Diesel	Premium gasoline	Kerosene	Diesel
Exrefinery price				92.60	92.60	93.20	96.06	92.60	96.66	97.62	94.16	98.22	100.62	98.16	100.72	117.20	113.37	117.30
	Toll and harbor user tax			2.10	2.20	1.60	2.23	2.41	2.56	2.68	1.99	2.11	2.68	1.99	2.11	2.64	1.95	2.07
	Storage (SCDP) user fee			6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41	6.41
	Transport			255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255	255
	Storage losses			0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86
	Security stock			0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Equalization fund (péréquation)			0.00	−31.26	0.00	22.23	−21.86	13.33	22.90	−3.70	12.88	28.11	1.38	18.64	25.84	−3.78	16.38
	Stabilization			0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Other items			0.00	−0.03	−0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.50	0.00	0.00	0.76	0.00	0.00	0.76	0.00
Total storage, transport, and stabilization costs				11.92	−19.27	11.39	34.28	−9.63	25.71	35.40	8.61	24.81	40.61	13.95	30.57	38.30	8.75	28.27
	Customs duties on petroleum			9.26	0.00	9.32	13.86	0.00	13.95	13.86	0.00	13.95	14.31	0.00	14.33	16.80	0.00	16.82
	Turnover tax on petroleum			12.73	0.00	12.82	15.94	0.00	16.05	18.07	0.00	18.19	18.65	0.00	18.67	21.90	0.00	21.92
	Special tax on petroleum			80.00	0.00	30.00	80.00	0.00	30.00	120.00	0.00	65.00	120.00	0.00	65.00	120.00	0.00	65.00
	Turnover tax on storage user fee			0.80	0.80	0.80	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20
	Registration fee			0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Turnover tax on transport			0.32	0.32	0.32	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48	0.48
Total taxes				103.11	1.12	53.26	111.28	1.48	61.48	153.61	1.68	98.82	154.64	1.68	99.68	160.38	1.68	105.42
	Interest charges			1.29	1.01	0.72	1.29	1.01	0.72	1.29	1.01	0.72	2.05	1.67	1.60	2.05	1.67	1.60
	Remuneration of the distribution company			29.12	16.08	14.72	29.12	16.08	14.72	29.12	16.08	14.72	29.12	16.08	14.72	29.12	16.08	14.72
		Of which: operating costs		(16.43)	(10.49)	(6.29)	(16.43)	(10.49)	(6.29)	(16.43)	(10.49)	(6.29)	(16.43)	(10.49)	(6.29)	(16.43)	(10.49)	(6.29)
			profits	(8.19)	(2.06)	(6.19)	(8.19)	(2.06)	(6.19)	(8.19)	(2.06)	(6.19)	(8.19)	(2.06)	(6.19)	(8.19)	(2.06)	(6.19)
			amortization and maintenance	(4.50)	(3.53)	(2.24)	(4.50)	(3.53)	(2.24)	(4.50)	(3.53)	(2.24)	(4.50)	(3.53)	(2.24)	(4.50)	(3.53)	(2.24)
	Retail remuneration			12.96	8.46	6.71	12.96	8.46	6.71	12.96	8.46	7.71	12.96	8.46	7.71	12.96	8.46	7.71
Total distribution costs				43.37	25.55	22.15	188.93	17.40	109.34	232.38	35.84	146.78	239.38	41.84	154.28	242.81	36.64	157.72
Retail price				251.00	100.00	180.00	285.00	110.00	206.00	330.00	130.00	245.00	340.00	140.00	255.00	360.00	150.00	275.00

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities.

^{^1/}From February 1994 to January 1995.

^{^2/}From January 1995 to July 1995.

^{^3/}From July 1995 to February 1996

^{^4/}From February 1996 to September 1996.

^{^5/}From September 1996 onward.

Table 11.

Cameroon: Retail Prices of Petroleum Products, 1991-96

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

Table 11.

Cameroon: Retail Prices of Petroleum Products, 1991-96

		1991	1991-94	1994-95	1995	1995-96	1996	1996
		Apr. 26-Oct.31	Nov.l- Feb.16	Feb.17- Jan.19	Jan.20- July 3	July 4-Feb.7	Feb. 8-Sept.1	Sept. 1 onward
		(In CFA francs per liter; effective at beginning of period)
Gasoline		190	195	251	285	330	340	360
Kerosene		89	95	100	110	130	140	150
Diesel		160	165	180	206	245	255	275
		(Percentage change at beginning of period)
Gasoline		−32.1	2.6	28.7	13.5	15.8	3.0	5.9
Kerosene		12.7	6.7	5.3	10.0	18.2	7.7	7.1
Diesel		−4.2	3.1	9.1	14.4	18.9	4.1	7.8
Memorandum items		(In U.S. dollars per liter; end of period)
	Gasoline	0.66	0.33	0.47	0.57	0.64	0.66	0.70
	Kerosene	0.31	0.16	0.19	0.22	0.25	0.27	0.29
	Diesel	0.56	0.28	0.34	0.41	0.48	0.49	0.53

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

Table 11.

Cameroon: Retail Prices of Petroleum Products, 1991-96

		1991	1991-94	1994-95	1995	1995-96	1996	1996
		Apr. 26-Oct.31	Nov.l- Feb.16	Feb.17- Jan.19	Jan.20- July 3	July 4-Feb.7	Feb. 8-Sept.1	Sept. 1 onward
		(In CFA francs per liter; effective at beginning of period)
Gasoline		190	195	251	285	330	340	360
Kerosene		89	95	100	110	130	140	150
Diesel		160	165	180	206	245	255	275
		(Percentage change at beginning of period)
Gasoline		−32.1	2.6	28.7	13.5	15.8	3.0	5.9
Kerosene		12.7	6.7	5.3	10.0	18.2	7.7	7.1
Diesel		−4.2	3.1	9.1	14.4	18.9	4.1	7.8
Memorandum items		(In U.S. dollars per liter; end of period)
	Gasoline	0.66	0.33	0.47	0.57	0.64	0.66	0.70
	Kerosene	0.31	0.16	0.19	0.22	0.25	0.27	0.29
	Diesel	0.56	0.28	0.34	0.41	0.48	0.49	0.53

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

Table 12.

Cameroon: Central Government Operations, 1990/91–1995/96

Sources: Data provided by the Cameroonian authorities; and staff estimates.

^{^1/}In percent of non-oil GDP.

Table 12.

Cameroon: Central Government Operations, 1990/91–1995/96

			1990/91	1991/92	1992/93	1993/94	1994/95	1995/96
								Est.
			(In billions of CFA francs)
Total revenue			506.3	501.9	430.8	343.9	533.8	654.9
	Oil sector revenue		188.0	165.8	111.5	74.1	107.4	142.8
	Non-oil sector revenue		318.3	336.1	319.2	269.8	426.4	512.1
Total expenditure			781.3	713.1	629.8	659.4	737.7	781.2
	Current expenditure		599.7	604.1	542.7	545.1	690.3	731.7
		Wages and salaries	299.9	296.1	274.9	206.8	194.3	188.4
		Interest on public debt	137.6	172.5	151.6	240.6	333.3	349.7
		Other	162.2	135.5	116.3	97.7	162.6	199.7
	Capital expenditure		181.6	109.1	87.1	114.2	47.4	43.5
		Foreign-financed investment	104.0	67.4	45.7	23.5	25.3	13.0
		Domestically financed investment	28.6	17.4	11.6	11.6	19.0	17.8
		Restructuring expenditure	49.0	24.3	29.8	79.2	3.1	12.7
Overall deficit (−), commitments basis			−275.0	−211.3	−199.1	−315.5	−203.9	−126.3
	Net change in arrears (reduction −)		171.6	−175.0	203.1	−472.8	115.0	−270.4
Overall deficit (−), cash basis			−103.3	−386.3	4.1	−788.3

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STATISTICAL APPENDIX