Russia: Statistical Appendix

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.

Abstract

Table 1.

Russian Federation: Selected Indicators of Economic Activity, 1990–June 1995

(Real percentage change from one year earlier)

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 1.

Russian Federation: Selected Indicators of Economic Activity, 1990–June 1995

(Real percentage change from one year earlier)

				1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1994	1995
									Jan.–June	Jan.–June
Gross domestic product				-2	-13	-19	-12	-15	-17	-4
Industrial production				—	-8	-18	-14	-21	-24	-3
	Extraction industries			-3	-4	-11	-10	-10	-12	-2
	Processing industries			—	-8	-19	-15	-23	-29	-4
		Of which:
			Consumer goods	7	-1	-15	-11	-21	-29	-13
			Military goods	…	…	-2	-19	-37	-41	-16
Agriculture production				-4	-5	-9	-4	-12	-13	-11
	Crops			-8	0.4	-5	-3	-10	…	…
	Livestock			-1	-7	-12	-5	-13	-13	-11
Freight (railroad)				-3	-9	-16	-18	-21	-24	-5

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 1.

Russian Federation: Selected Indicators of Economic Activity, 1990–June 1995

(Real percentage change from one year earlier)

				1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1994	1995
									Jan.–June	Jan.–June
Gross domestic product				-2	-13	-19	-12	-15	-17	-4
Industrial production				—	-8	-18	-14	-21	-24	-3
	Extraction industries			-3	-4	-11	-10	-10	-12	-2
	Processing industries			—	-8	-19	-15	-23	-29	-4
		Of which:
			Consumer goods	7	-1	-15	-11	-21	-29	-13
			Military goods	…	…	-2	-19	-37	-41	-16
Agriculture production				-4	-5	-9	-4	-12	-13	-11
	Crops			-8	0.4	-5	-3	-10	…	…
	Livestock			-1	-7	-12	-5	-13	-13	-11
Freight (railroad)				-3	-9	-16	-18	-21	-24	-5

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 2.

Russian Federation: Real Gross Industrial Output by Sector, 1991–June 1995

(Real percentage change from one year earlier)

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Starting from 1994 the data include chemical and petrochemical industries.

Table 2.

Russian Federation: Real Gross Industrial Output by Sector, 1991–June 1995

(Real percentage change from one year earlier)

		1991	1992	1993	1994	1994	1995	1994/1990
						Jan.–June	Jan.–June	Cumulative
Electric power generation		0.3	-4.7	-4.7	-8.8	-7.0	-5.0	-17.4
Fuel		-6.0	-7.0	-12.0	-10.0	-13.0	-0.6	-30.8
Ferrous metallurgy		-7.4	-16.4	-17.0	-17.4	-24.0	12.0	-46.9
Nonferrous metallurgy		-8.7	-25.4	-14.0	-9.0	-13.0	0.8	-46.7
Chemicals ^1/		-8.3	-22.6	-20.0	-20.0	-30.0	8.0	-54.6
Petrochemicals		-3.0	-19.4	-24.9	-35.0	-44.0	13.0	-61.8
Machinery		-10.0	-16.2	-17.0	-33.0	-39.0	-4.0	-58.1
Forestry, timber processing, and pulp and paper		-9.0	-14.6	-19.0	-30.0	-32.0	-7.0	-55.9
Construction materials		-2.4	-20.4	-16.0	-21 JO	-27.0	-6.0	-52.4
Light industry		-9.0	-30.0	-23.4	-46.0	-41.0	-36.0	-73.7
Food processing		-9.5	-16.4	-9.2	-17.0	-20.0	-9.0	-43.0
	Total	-8.0	-18.0	-14.0	-21.0	-24.0	-3.0	-48.7

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Starting from 1994 the data include chemical and petrochemical industries.

Table 2.

Russian Federation: Real Gross Industrial Output by Sector, 1991–June 1995

(Real percentage change from one year earlier)

		1991	1992	1993	1994	1994	1995	1994/1990
						Jan.–June	Jan.–June	Cumulative
Electric power generation		0.3	-4.7	-4.7	-8.8	-7.0	-5.0	-17.4
Fuel		-6.0	-7.0	-12.0	-10.0	-13.0	-0.6	-30.8
Ferrous metallurgy		-7.4	-16.4	-17.0	-17.4	-24.0	12.0	-46.9
Nonferrous metallurgy		-8.7	-25.4	-14.0	-9.0	-13.0	0.8	-46.7
Chemicals ^1/		-8.3	-22.6	-20.0	-20.0	-30.0	8.0	-54.6
Petrochemicals		-3.0	-19.4	-24.9	-35.0	-44.0	13.0	-61.8
Machinery		-10.0	-16.2	-17.0	-33.0	-39.0	-4.0	-58.1
Forestry, timber processing, and pulp and paper		-9.0	-14.6	-19.0	-30.0	-32.0	-7.0	-55.9
Construction materials		-2.4	-20.4	-16.0	-21 JO	-27.0	-6.0	-52.4
Light industry		-9.0	-30.0	-23.4	-46.0	-41.0	-36.0	-73.7
Food processing		-9.5	-16.4	-9.2	-17.0	-20.0	-9.0	-43.0
	Total	-8.0	-18.0	-14.0	-21.0	-24.0	-3.0	-48.7

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Starting from 1994 the data include chemical and petrochemical industries.

Table 3.

Russian Federation: Industrial Producer Price Inflation, 1991–July 1995

(In percent)

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 3.

Russian Federation: Industrial Producer Price Inflation, 1991–July 1995

(In percent)

		Overal PPI Index	Of which: Electricity	Fuel	Ferrous Metallurgy	Chemicals	Machinery	Construction Materials	Light Industry	Food Industry
		Increases over the previous year. December to December
1991		340	210	230	340	270	310	310	470	410
1992		3,380	5,510	9,270	3,620	3,090	2,720	2,810	1,260	2,730
1993		1,000	1,360	730	1,190	950	1,050	1,250	780	1,070
1994		330	330	900	340	360	330	310	340	310
		Increases over the previous month
1995 Jan.		22	15	31	21	20	19	15	18	23
	Feb.	17	18	17	16	20	19	12	13	17
	Mar.	11	4	13	14	10	11	11	10	8
	Apr.	15	26	17	14	16	16	11	14	9
	May	9	15	7	9	16	7	12	9	6
	June	6	5	4	7	4	7	11	7	6
	July	7	3	5	9	4	8	7	6	7

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 3.

Russian Federation: Industrial Producer Price Inflation, 1991–July 1995

(In percent)

		Overal PPI Index	Of which: Electricity	Fuel	Ferrous Metallurgy	Chemicals	Machinery	Construction Materials	Light Industry	Food Industry
		Increases over the previous year. December to December
1991		340	210	230	340	270	310	310	470	410
1992		3,380	5,510	9,270	3,620	3,090	2,720	2,810	1,260	2,730
1993		1,000	1,360	730	1,190	950	1,050	1,250	780	1,070
1994		330	330	900	340	360	330	310	340	310
		Increases over the previous month
1995 Jan.		22	15	31	21	20	19	15	18	23
	Feb.	17	18	17	16	20	19	12	13	17
	Mar.	11	4	13	14	10	11	11	10	8
	Apr.	15	26	17	14	16	16	11	14	9
	May	9	15	7	9	16	7	12	9	6
	June	6	5	4	7	4	7	11	7	6
	July	7	3	5	9	4	8	7	6	7

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 4.

Russian Federation: Gross Industrial Output at Current Prices, 1991–May 1995

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 4.

Russian Federation: Gross Industrial Output at Current Prices, 1991–May 1995

			1991	1992	1993	1994	1995 Jan.–May
			(In billions of rubles)
Electric energy			47.6	1,106	10,962	47,685	38,193
Fuel			86.2	3,206	19,678	53,497	55,416
	Of which: oil extraction		32.4	1,467	7,484	20,587	23,707
		gas extraction	12.8	110	791	3,949	2,880
		coal extraction	8.3	249	1,678	6,212	8,657
Ferrous metallurgy			57.8	1,409	10,023	29,582	30,893
Nonferrous metallurgy			74.9	1,488	9,202	23,501	22,376
Chemicals			54.1	885	5,402	16,833	18,830
Petrochemicals			23.2	498	2,861	7,714	9,226
Machinery			257.0	3,041	20,738	55,480	49,137
Forestry, timber processing, and
	pulp and paper		68.9	823	5,227	16,334	19,181
Construction materials			44.2	562	5,125	17,252	13,358
Light industry			192.0	1,227	6,193	11,295	7,911
Food industry			170.0	1,777	15,697	44,635	37,727
Other industries			107.6	1,259	9.549	32,304	27,142
	Total		1,183.5	17,281	120,657	356,112	329,390
			(In percent of total)
Electric energy			4.0	6.4	9.1	13.4	11.6
Fuel			7.3	18.6	16.3	15.0	16.8
	Of which: oil extraction		2.7	8.5	6.2	5.8	1.2
		gas extraction	1.1	0.6	0.7	1.1	0.9
		coal extraction	0.7	1.4	1.4	1.7	2.6
Ferrous metallurgy			4.9	8.2	8.3	8.3	9.4
Nonferrous metallurgy			6.3	8.6	7.6	6.6	6.8
Chemicals			4.6	5.1	4.5	4.7	5.7
Petrochemicals			2.0	2.9	2.4	2.2	2.8
Machinery			21.7	17.6	172	15.6	14.9
Forestry, timber processing and
	pulp and paper		5.8	4.8	4.3	4.6	5.8
Construction materials			3.7	3.3	4.2	4.8	4.1
Light industry			16.2	7.1	5.1	3.2	2.4
	Food industry		14.4	10.3	13.0	12.5	11.5
	Other industries		9.1	7.3	7.9	9.1	8.2

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 4.

Russian Federation: Gross Industrial Output at Current Prices, 1991–May 1995

			1991	1992	1993	1994	1995 Jan.–May
			(In billions of rubles)
Electric energy			47.6	1,106	10,962	47,685	38,193
Fuel			86.2	3,206	19,678	53,497	55,416
	Of which: oil extraction		32.4	1,467	7,484	20,587	23,707
		gas extraction	12.8	110	791	3,949	2,880
		coal extraction	8.3	249	1,678	6,212	8,657
Ferrous metallurgy			57.8	1,409	10,023	29,582	30,893
Nonferrous metallurgy			74.9	1,488	9,202	23,501	22,376
Chemicals			54.1	885	5,402	16,833	18,830
Petrochemicals			23.2	498	2,861	7,714	9,226
Machinery			257.0	3,041	20,738	55,480	49,137
Forestry, timber processing, and
	pulp and paper		68.9	823	5,227	16,334	19,181
Construction materials			44.2	562	5,125	17,252	13,358
Light industry			192.0	1,227	6,193	11,295	7,911
Food industry			170.0	1,777	15,697	44,635	37,727
Other industries			107.6	1,259	9.549	32,304	27,142
	Total		1,183.5	17,281	120,657	356,112	329,390
			(In percent of total)
Electric energy			4.0	6.4	9.1	13.4	11.6
Fuel			7.3	18.6	16.3	15.0	16.8
	Of which: oil extraction		2.7	8.5	6.2	5.8	1.2
		gas extraction	1.1	0.6	0.7	1.1	0.9
		coal extraction	0.7	1.4	1.4	1.7	2.6
Ferrous metallurgy			4.9	8.2	8.3	8.3	9.4
Nonferrous metallurgy			6.3	8.6	7.6	6.6	6.8
Chemicals			4.6	5.1	4.5	4.7	5.7
Petrochemicals			2.0	2.9	2.4	2.2	2.8
Machinery			21.7	17.6	172	15.6	14.9
Forestry, timber processing and
	pulp and paper		5.8	4.8	4.3	4.6	5.8
Construction materials			3.7	3.3	4.2	4.8	4.1
Light industry			16.2	7.1	5.1	3.2	2.4
	Food industry		14.4	10.3	13.0	12.5	11.5
	Other industries		9.1	7.3	7.9	9.1	8.2

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 5.

Russian Federation: Nominal GDP by End-Use, 1991-March 1995

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Includes residential investment and business fixed investment.

Table 5.

Russian Federation: Nominal GDP by End-Use, 1991-March 1995

				1991	1992	1993	1994	1995 Jan.–March
				(In trillions of current rubles)
Gross domestic product				1.3	18.1	1623	630.0	252.0
	Total consumption of goods and services			0.8	9.2	103.3	414.0	173.1
	Household consumption			0.6	6.2	65.2	245.6	109.6
	Public consumption			0.2	3.0	38.1	168.4	63.5
		Government consumption		0.1	1.4	13.8	57.0	22.1
		Communal consumption		0.1	1.3	15.5	75.6	23.5
		Consumption of public organizations		0.0	0.3	8.8	35.8	17.9
	Investment			0.5	6.4	53.2	176.4	58.4
		Fixed capital formation ^1/		0.3	3.5	38.6	153.2	44.5
		Stockbuilding		0.2	2.9	14.6	23.2	13.9
	Foreign trade balance			0.0	2.8	13.2	22.4	23.8
	Statistical discrepancy			0.0	-03	-7.4	17.2	-3.3
				(In percent of GDP)
	Total consumption of goods and services			58.8	50.8	63.6	65.7	68.7
		Household consumption		43.4	34.3	40.2	39.0	43.5
		Public consumption		15.4	16.6	23.5	26.7	25.2
			Government consumption	6.8	7.7	8.5	9.0	8.8
			Communal consumption	9.3	7.2	9.6	12.0	9.3
			Consumption of public organizations	0.0	1.7	5.4	5.7	7.1
		Investment		39.1	35.4	32.8	28.0	23.2
			Fixed capital formation ^1/	25.1	19.3	23.8	24.3	17.7
			Stockbuilding	14.0	16.0	9.0	3.7	5.5
		Foreign trade balance		0.3	15.5	8.1	3.6	9.4
		Statistical discrepancy		1.8	-1.7	-4.6	2.7	-1.3

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Includes residential investment and business fixed investment.

Table 5.

Russian Federation: Nominal GDP by End-Use, 1991-March 1995

				1991	1992	1993	1994	1995 Jan.–March
				(In trillions of current rubles)
Gross domestic product				1.3	18.1	1623	630.0	252.0
	Total consumption of goods and services			0.8	9.2	103.3	414.0	173.1
	Household consumption			0.6	6.2	65.2	245.6	109.6
	Public consumption			0.2	3.0	38.1	168.4	63.5
		Government consumption		0.1	1.4	13.8	57.0	22.1
		Communal consumption		0.1	1.3	15.5	75.6	23.5
		Consumption of public organizations		0.0	0.3	8.8	35.8	17.9
	Investment			0.5	6.4	53.2	176.4	58.4
		Fixed capital formation ^1/		0.3	3.5	38.6	153.2	44.5
		Stockbuilding		0.2	2.9	14.6	23.2	13.9
	Foreign trade balance			0.0	2.8	13.2	22.4	23.8
	Statistical discrepancy			0.0	-03	-7.4	17.2	-3.3
				(In percent of GDP)
	Total consumption of goods and services			58.8	50.8	63.6	65.7	68.7
		Household consumption		43.4	34.3	40.2	39.0	43.5
		Public consumption		15.4	16.6	23.5	26.7	25.2
			Government consumption	6.8	7.7	8.5	9.0	8.8
			Communal consumption	9.3	7.2	9.6	12.0	9.3
			Consumption of public organizations	0.0	1.7	5.4	5.7	7.1
		Investment		39.1	35.4	32.8	28.0	23.2
			Fixed capital formation ^1/	25.1	19.3	23.8	24.3	17.7
			Stockbuilding	14.0	16.0	9.0	3.7	5.5
		Foreign trade balance		0.3	15.5	8.1	3.6	9.4
		Statistical discrepancy		1.8	-1.7	-4.6	2.7	-1.3

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Includes residential investment and business fixed investment.

Table 6.

Russian Federation: Energy Balance, 1990-94

Sources: Goskomstat, Ministry of Fuel and Energy, Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Consumption has been derived as a residual of domestic production plus imports minus exports, thus, implicitly assuming no change in stock.

Table 6.

Russian Federation: Energy Balance, 1990-94

			1990	1991	1992	1993	1994
			(In millions of metric tons)
Oil
	Production		516.2	462.3	399.3	353.9	317.5
	Apparent consumption ^1/		249.4	252.0	241.5	192.1	153.5
	Non-FSU exports		121.9	83.5	92.5	114.0	128.3
		Crude oil	96.1	56.5	66.2	79.7	90.3
		Oil products	25.8	27.0	25.3	34.3	38.0
	FSU exports		158.6	145.1	78.4	58.7	40.7
		Crude oil	123.3	117.1	61.9	47.7	34.7
		Oil products	35.3	28.0	16.5	11.0	6.0
	Non-FSU imports		0.8	—	—	—	—
	FSU imports		13.7	18.3	12.1	10.9	5.0
		Crude oil	9.2	12.3	10.7	10.3	4.7
		Oil products	4.5	6.0	1.4	0.6	0.3
			(In billions of cubic meters’)
Natural gas
	Production		640.6	643.4	641.0	618.4	606.7
	Apparent consumption ^1/		478.5	475.1	453.5	450.7	426.3
	Non-FSU exports		94.3	89.9	87.9	95.8	105.2
	FSU exports		88.9	92.2	106.6	78.5	78.5
	FSU imports		21.1	13.8	7.0	6.6	3.3
			(In millions of metric tons)
Coal
	Production		395.4	353.3	337.3	305.9	272.0
	Apparent consumption ^1/		392.5	361.3	342.5	306.8	275.8
	Non-FSU exports		30.3	19.9	18.1	19.2	17.3
	FSU exports		25.8	17.5	16.4	8.2	5.9
	Non-FSU imports		1.4	0.2	—	—	—
	FSU imports		51.8	45.2	39.7	28.3	27.0

Sources: Goskomstat, Ministry of Fuel and Energy, Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Consumption has been derived as a residual of domestic production plus imports minus exports, thus, implicitly assuming no change in stock.

Table 6.

Russian Federation: Energy Balance, 1990-94

			1990	1991	1992	1993	1994
			(In millions of metric tons)
Oil
	Production		516.2	462.3	399.3	353.9	317.5
	Apparent consumption ^1/		249.4	252.0	241.5	192.1	153.5
	Non-FSU exports		121.9	83.5	92.5	114.0	128.3
		Crude oil	96.1	56.5	66.2	79.7	90.3
		Oil products	25.8	27.0	25.3	34.3	38.0
	FSU exports		158.6	145.1	78.4	58.7	40.7
		Crude oil	123.3	117.1	61.9	47.7	34.7
		Oil products	35.3	28.0	16.5	11.0	6.0
	Non-FSU imports		0.8	—	—	—	—
	FSU imports		13.7	18.3	12.1	10.9	5.0
		Crude oil	9.2	12.3	10.7	10.3	4.7
		Oil products	4.5	6.0	1.4	0.6	0.3
			(In billions of cubic meters’)
Natural gas
	Production		640.6	643.4	641.0	618.4	606.7
	Apparent consumption ^1/		478.5	475.1	453.5	450.7	426.3
	Non-FSU exports		94.3	89.9	87.9	95.8	105.2
	FSU exports		88.9	92.2	106.6	78.5	78.5
	FSU imports		21.1	13.8	7.0	6.6	3.3
			(In millions of metric tons)
Coal
	Production		395.4	353.3	337.3	305.9	272.0
	Apparent consumption ^1/		392.5	361.3	342.5	306.8	275.8
	Non-FSU exports		30.3	19.9	18.1	19.2	17.3
	FSU exports		25.8	17.5	16.4	8.2	5.9
	Non-FSU imports		1.4	0.2	—	—	—
	FSU imports		51.8	45.2	39.7	28.3	27.0

Sources: Goskomstat, Ministry of Fuel and Energy, Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations; and Fund staff estimates.

^{^1/}Consumption has been derived as a residual of domestic production plus imports minus exports, thus, implicitly assuming no change in stock.

Table 7.

Russian Federation: Wholesale Prices of Energy Resources, 1992–July 1995 ^1/

(In rubles; monthly averages)

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Excluding excise tax and transportation costs.

Table 7.

Russian Federation: Wholesale Prices of Energy Resources, 1992–July 1995 ^1/

(In rubles; monthly averages)

		Crude Oil (per ton)	Natural Gas (per 1,000 m3)	Coal (per ton)
December 1992		6,296	207	1,086
December 1993		31,334	1,670	9,503
December 1994		100,000	6,700	30,700
1994 Jan.		40,146	2,447	11,087
	Feb.	49,994	3,065	13,030
	Mar.	57,310	4,941	13,068
	Apr.	63,632	6,070	16,240
	May	64,800	6,400	18,600
	June	73,500	6,300	18,300
	July	75,700	6,400	20,000
	Aug.	76,600	6,400	22,000
	Sept	76,500	6,400	23,700
	Oct	78,200	6,500	26,800
	Nov.	83,200	6,600	29,000
	Dec.	100,000	6,700	30,700
1995 Jan.		120,000	6,900	45,300
	Feb.	150,000	7,000	51,800
	Mar.	161,000	7,100	54,900
	Apr.	192,000	9,800	62,400
	May	202,000	12,200	68,600
	June	217,000	14,400	68,700
	July	235,000	15,200	71,200

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Excluding excise tax and transportation costs.

Table 7.

Russian Federation: Wholesale Prices of Energy Resources, 1992–July 1995 ^1/

(In rubles; monthly averages)

		Crude Oil (per ton)	Natural Gas (per 1,000 m3)	Coal (per ton)
December 1992		6,296	207	1,086
December 1993		31,334	1,670	9,503
December 1994		100,000	6,700	30,700
1994 Jan.		40,146	2,447	11,087
	Feb.	49,994	3,065	13,030
	Mar.	57,310	4,941	13,068
	Apr.	63,632	6,070	16,240
	May	64,800	6,400	18,600
	June	73,500	6,300	18,300
	July	75,700	6,400	20,000
	Aug.	76,600	6,400	22,000
	Sept	76,500	6,400	23,700
	Oct	78,200	6,500	26,800
	Nov.	83,200	6,600	29,000
	Dec.	100,000	6,700	30,700
1995 Jan.		120,000	6,900	45,300
	Feb.	150,000	7,000	51,800
	Mar.	161,000	7,100	54,900
	Apr.	192,000	9,800	62,400
	May	202,000	12,200	68,600
	June	217,000	14,400	68,700
	July	235,000	15,200	71,200

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Excluding excise tax and transportation costs.

Table 8.

Russian Federation: Consumer Price Inflation, 1992–August 1995

(Average monthly changes in percent) ^1/

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}The Russian authorities have discontinued the practice of announcing average monthly inflation rates since November 1994. Data reported in this table, since December 1994, is on an end of period basis.

^{^2/}Includes food, beverage, and tobacco.

^{^3/}Includes doting and footwear, household goods, medicines, recreation, education and culture, and personal care and effects.

^{^4/}Includes rent, water, fuel and power, transport, and communication.

Table 8.

Russian Federation: Consumer Price Inflation, 1992–August 1995

(Average monthly changes in percent) ^1/

		Overall CPI	Food ^2/	Nonfood ^3/	Paid Services ^4/
Year 1992		31.2	31.3	31.5	29.5
Year 1993		20.5	20.0	18.2	30.4
Year 1994		10.1	10.0	8.4	16.5
1994 Jan.		17.9	21.0	10.7	37.7
	Feb.	10.8	10.6	8.9	21.5
	Mar.	7.4	5.8	7.7	16.8
	Apr.	8.5	5.6	7.2	31.8
	May	6.9	6.8	5.5	12.7
	June	6.0	5.6	5.0	11.4
	July	5.3	3.8	5.0	13.3
	Aug.	4.6	2.7	5.8	9.9
	Sept.	8.0	6.9	7.2	13.4
	Oct	15.1	15.3	15.5	10.5
	Nov.	14.1	17.3	12.1	10.5
	Dec.	16.4	20.9	11.4	11.5
1995 Jan.		17.8	21.1	12.0	23.0
	Feb.	11.0	10.3	9.8	19.4
	Mar.	8.9	8.5	9.1	10.2
	Apr.	8.5	7.5	8.7	12.2
	May	7.9	8.8	5.6	11.1
	June	6.7	7.6	4.6	8.7
	July	5.4	4.5	5.3	9.7
	Aug.	4.6	2.7	6.2	7.9
Memorandum items:
1992 weights		100.0	54.3	38.4	7.3
1993 weights		100.0	55.3	38.9	5.8
1994 weights		100.0	53.5	40.3	6.2
1995 weights		100.0	52.5	37.8	9.7

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^2/}Includes food, beverage, and tobacco.

^{^3/}Includes doting and footwear, household goods, medicines, recreation, education and culture, and personal care and effects.

^{^4/}Includes rent, water, fuel and power, transport, and communication.

Table 8.

Russian Federation: Consumer Price Inflation, 1992–August 1995

(Average monthly changes in percent) ^1/

		Overall CPI	Food ^2/	Nonfood ^3/	Paid Services ^4/
Year 1992		31.2	31.3	31.5	29.5
Year 1993		20.5	20.0	18.2	30.4
Year 1994		10.1	10.0	8.4	16.5
1994 Jan.		17.9	21.0	10.7	37.7
	Feb.	10.8	10.6	8.9	21.5
	Mar.	7.4	5.8	7.7	16.8
	Apr.	8.5	5.6	7.2	31.8
	May	6.9	6.8	5.5	12.7
	June	6.0	5.6	5.0	11.4
	July	5.3	3.8	5.0	13.3
	Aug.	4.6	2.7	5.8	9.9
	Sept.	8.0	6.9	7.2	13.4
	Oct	15.1	15.3	15.5	10.5
	Nov.	14.1	17.3	12.1	10.5
	Dec.	16.4	20.9	11.4	11.5
1995 Jan.		17.8	21.1	12.0	23.0
	Feb.	11.0	10.3	9.8	19.4
	Mar.	8.9	8.5	9.1	10.2
	Apr.	8.5	7.5	8.7	12.2
	May	7.9	8.8	5.6	11.1
	June	6.7	7.6	4.6	8.7
	July	5.4	4.5	5.3	9.7
	Aug.	4.6	2.7	6.2	7.9
Memorandum items:
1992 weights		100.0	54.3	38.4	7.3
1993 weights		100.0	55.3	38.9	5.8
1994 weights		100.0	53.5	40.3	6.2
1995 weights		100.0	52.5	37.8	9.7

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^2/}Includes food, beverage, and tobacco.

^{^3/}Includes doting and footwear, household goods, medicines, recreation, education and culture, and personal care and effects.

^{^4/}Includes rent, water, fuel and power, transport, and communication.

Table 9.

Russian Federation: Distribution of Employment by Sector, 1990-94 1/

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 9.

Russian Federation: Distribution of Employment by Sector, 1990-94 1/

	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1994
			(In thousands)			(In % of total)
Total	75,286	73,848	72,071	70,852	68,484	100.0
Industry	22,809	22,407	21,324	20,805	18,576	27.1
Agriculture and forestry	9,965	9,970	10,337	10,347	10,528	15.4
Construction	9,020	8,488	7,887	7,140	6,788	9.9
Transportation and communication	5,818	5,750	5,631	5,408	5,354	7.8
Commerce, food service, material and technical supply, marketing and procurment	5,869	5,626	5,679	6,374	6,484	9.5
Public health, physical training, social security, education, art, culture, science	14,599	14,653	14,055	13,719	13,611	19.9
Administrative staff, lending and state insurance	2,169	2,161	2,013	2,230	2,403	3.5
Other sectors (housing, public utilities, nonproduction types of general services to the public)	5,037	4,793	5,145	4,829	4,740	6.9

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 9.

Russian Federation: Distribution of Employment by Sector, 1990-94 1/

	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1994
			(In thousands)			(In % of total)
Total	75,286	73,848	72,071	70,852	68,484	100.0
Industry	22,809	22,407	21,324	20,805	18,576	27.1
Agriculture and forestry	9,965	9,970	10,337	10,347	10,528	15.4
Construction	9,020	8,488	7,887	7,140	6,788	9.9
Transportation and communication	5,818	5,750	5,631	5,408	5,354	7.8
Commerce, food service, material and technical supply, marketing and procurment	5,869	5,626	5,679	6,374	6,484	9.5
Public health, physical training, social security, education, art, culture, science	14,599	14,653	14,055	13,719	13,611	19.9
Administrative staff, lending and state insurance	2,169	2,161	2,013	2,230	2,403	3.5
Other sectors (housing, public utilities, nonproduction types of general services to the public)	5,037	4,793	5,145	4,829	4,740	6.9

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 10.

Russian Federation: Distribution of Employment by Type of Economic Organization, 1990- 94 ^1/

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Excluding students.

Table 10.

Russian Federation: Distribution of Employment by Type of Economic Organization, 1990- 94 ^1/

	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1994
			(In thousands)			(In %of total)
Total	75,286	73,809	72,100	70,900	68,484	100.0
State-owned and cky-owned enterprises and organizations 2/	62,198	55,688	49,661	37,600	30,607	44.7
Leased enterprises	2,764	5,590	2,199	…	…	…
Joint-stock companies	182	1,068	4,439	…	…	…
Business associations and partnerships	100	795	916	…	…	…
Public organizations (foundations)	591	679	544	507	522	0.8
Joint ventures	67	141	195	302	344	0.5
Collective farms	3,979	3,945	2,217	…	…	…
Consumer cooperatives	1,550	1,499	1,329	…	…	…
Cooperatives for the manufactureing of goods and rendering of services	2,566	2,489
Private enterptises	1,289	1,915
Mixed enterprises	—	—

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Excluding students.

Table 10.

Russian Federation: Distribution of Employment by Type of Economic Organization, 1990- 94 ^1/

	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1994
			(In thousands)			(In %of total)
Total	75,286	73,809	72,100	70,900	68,484	100.0
State-owned and cky-owned enterprises and organizations 2/	62,198	55,688	49,661	37,600	30,607	44.7
Leased enterprises	2,764	5,590	2,199	…	…	…
Joint-stock companies	182	1,068	4,439	…	…	…
Business associations and partnerships	100	795	916	…	…	…
Public organizations (foundations)	591	679	544	507	522	0.8
Joint ventures	67	141	195	302	344	0.5
Collective farms	3,979	3,945	2,217	…	…	…
Consumer cooperatives	1,550	1,499	1,329	…	…	…
Cooperatives for the manufactureing of goods and rendering of services	2,566	2,489
Private enterptises	1,289	1,915
Mixed enterprises	—	—

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Excluding students.

Table 11.

Russian Federation: Unemployment and Vacancies, 1992–June 1995

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 11.

Russian Federation: Unemployment and Vacancies, 1992–June 1995

			Registered Unemployment
			Of which:			Unemployment
		Registered Vacascies	Registered Jobseekers	Total	Receiving Benefits	According to ILO Definition
		(In thousands: end of period)
End-year 1992		315	982	577	371	…
End-year 1993		352	1,085	836	550	…
End-year 1994		326	1,879	1,637	1,394	5,300
1994 Jan.		283	1,165	894	708	4,385
	Feb.	275	1,267	989	794	4,678
	Mar.	290	1,364	1,083	888	4,941
	Apr.	325	1,460	1,180	976	5,185
	May	347	1,483	1,219	1,009	5,162
	June	374	1,517	1,260	1,042	5,172
	July	382	1,581	1,324	1,103	5,280
	Aug.	406	1,652	1,392	1,163	5,398
	Sept.	412	1,688	1,426	1,499	5,397
	Oct.	384	1,747	1,475	1,236	5,461
	Nov.	359	1,827	1,550	1,301	5,518
	Dec.	326	1,879	1,637	1,394	5,478
1995 Jan.		311	1,963	1,711	1,457	5,516
	Feb.	316	2,096	1,839	1,577	5,670
	Mar.	329	2,166	1,921	1,654	5,630
	Apr.	368	2,222	1,986	1,709	5,660
	May	405	2,036	1,993	1,720	5,682
	June	445	2,241	2,004	1,727	5,705
Memorandum items:		(In percent of labor force)
End-year 1992		0.4	1.3	0.8	0.5	…
End-year 1993		0.5	1.5	1.1	0.7	…
End-year 1994		0.4	2.5	2.2	1.9	7.4
	June 1995	0.6	3.0	2.7	2.3	7.7

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 11.

Russian Federation: Unemployment and Vacancies, 1992–June 1995

			Registered Unemployment
			Of which:			Unemployment
		Registered Vacascies	Registered Jobseekers	Total	Receiving Benefits	According to ILO Definition
		(In thousands: end of period)
End-year 1992		315	982	577	371	…
End-year 1993		352	1,085	836	550	…
End-year 1994		326	1,879	1,637	1,394	5,300
1994 Jan.		283	1,165	894	708	4,385
	Feb.	275	1,267	989	794	4,678
	Mar.	290	1,364	1,083	888	4,941
	Apr.	325	1,460	1,180	976	5,185
	May	347	1,483	1,219	1,009	5,162
	June	374	1,517	1,260	1,042	5,172
	July	382	1,581	1,324	1,103	5,280
	Aug.	406	1,652	1,392	1,163	5,398
	Sept.	412	1,688	1,426	1,499	5,397
	Oct.	384	1,747	1,475	1,236	5,461
	Nov.	359	1,827	1,550	1,301	5,518
	Dec.	326	1,879	1,637	1,394	5,478
1995 Jan.		311	1,963	1,711	1,457	5,516
	Feb.	316	2,096	1,839	1,577	5,670
	Mar.	329	2,166	1,921	1,654	5,630
	Apr.	368	2,222	1,986	1,709	5,660
	May	405	2,036	1,993	1,720	5,682
	June	445	2,241	2,004	1,727	5,705
Memorandum items:		(In percent of labor force)
End-year 1992		0.4	1.3	0.8	0.5	…
End-year 1993		0.5	1.5	1.1	0.7	…
End-year 1994		0.4	2.5	2.2	1.9	7.4
	June 1995	0.6	3.0	2.7	2.3	7.7

Source: Goskomstat.

Table 12.

Russian Federation: Indicators of Hidden Unemployment, 1993-94 ^1/

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}In industry, construction, transportation, communication, services, science, and scientific support.

^{^2/}For 1993, data include number of people on shortened workday at the end of each quarter; for 1994 data show those on shortened workdays over the course of the period.

^{^3/}Without pay or with partial pay.

Table 12.

Russian Federation: Indicators of Hidden Unemployment, 1993-94 ^1/

	Shortened Workday ^2/		Forced Leave ^3/
	Thousands of persons	In percent of workforce	Thousands of persons	Average leave days per person
1993 Q1	949.5	2.8	1,907.7	14.0
1993 Q2	924.3	2.8	2,818.9	18.0
1993 Q3	1,073.6	3.3	3,681.5	23.6
1993 Q4	1,558.4	4.9	4,875.5	28.9
1994 Q1	3,274.3	10.6	4,632.0	19.0
1994 Q2	4,347.9	14.2	6,782.4	25.0
1994 Q3	4,858.1	16.0	7,273.9	35.0
1994 Q4	5,047.6	16.7	7,727.1	42.0

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}In industry, construction, transportation, communication, services, science, and scientific support.

^{^2/}For 1993, data include number of people on shortened workday at the end of each quarter; for 1994 data show those on shortened workdays over the course of the period.

^{^3/}Without pay or with partial pay.

Table 12.

Russian Federation: Indicators of Hidden Unemployment, 1993-94 ^1/

	Shortened Workday ^2/		Forced Leave ^3/
	Thousands of persons	In percent of workforce	Thousands of persons	Average leave days per person
1993 Q1	949.5	2.8	1,907.7	14.0
1993 Q2	924.3	2.8	2,818.9	18.0
1993 Q3	1,073.6	3.3	3,681.5	23.6
1993 Q4	1,558.4	4.9	4,875.5	28.9
1994 Q1	3,274.3	10.6	4,632.0	19.0
1994 Q2	4,347.9	14.2	6,782.4	25.0
1994 Q3	4,858.1	16.0	7,273.9	35.0
1994 Q4	5,047.6	16.7	7,727.1	42.0

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}In industry, construction, transportation, communication, services, science, and scientific support.

^{^2/}For 1993, data include number of people on shortened workday at the end of each quarter; for 1994 data show those on shortened workdays over the course of the period.

^{^3/}Without pay or with partial pay.

Table 13.

Russian Federation: Average Monthly Wages and Pensions, 1987–June 1995

(In current rubles)

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Including all benefits and allowances, average pension during last month.

Table 13.

Russian Federation: Average Monthly Wages and Pensions, 1987–June 1995

(In current rubles)

		Nominal Wages		Nominal Pensions ^1/
		Average	Minimum	Average	Minimum
1987		214	70	80	…
1988		233	70	83	…
1989		263	70	88	…
1990		303	70	102	70
1991		548	180	185	151
1992		5,995	900	1,500	1,100
1993		58,663	14,620	19,700	11,300
1994		220,351	20,500	75,900	40,700
1994 Jan.		134,161	14,620	43,000	26,320
	Feb.	144,698	14,620	52,100	34,320
	Mar.	164,833	14,620	53,400	34,320
	Apr.	171,450	14,620	57,800	34,320
	May	183,478	14,620	69,800	38,700
	June	207,481	14,620	71,300	38,700
	July	220,965	20,500	73,900	38,700
	Aug.	232,809	20,500	82,000	41,550
	Sept	253,171	20,500	90,600	44,400
	Oct	264,961	20,500	94,900	48,400
	Nov.	281,607	20,500	112,200	54,140
	Dec.	354,236	20,500	118,100	54,140
1995 Jan.		302,642	20,500	118,300	54,140
	Feb.	320,986	20,500	138,200	73,800
	Mar.	361,491	20,500	138,500	73,800
	Apr.	386,244	34,400	138,700	73,800
	May	429,935	43,700	171,800	83,099
	June	480,640	43,700	200,000	91,847

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Including all benefits and allowances, average pension during last month.

Table 13.

Russian Federation: Average Monthly Wages and Pensions, 1987–June 1995

(In current rubles)

		Nominal Wages		Nominal Pensions ^1/
		Average	Minimum	Average	Minimum
1987		214	70	80	…
1988		233	70	83	…
1989		263	70	88	…
1990		303	70	102	70
1991		548	180	185	151
1992		5,995	900	1,500	1,100
1993		58,663	14,620	19,700	11,300
1994		220,351	20,500	75,900	40,700
1994 Jan.		134,161	14,620	43,000	26,320
	Feb.	144,698	14,620	52,100	34,320
	Mar.	164,833	14,620	53,400	34,320
	Apr.	171,450	14,620	57,800	34,320
	May	183,478	14,620	69,800	38,700
	June	207,481	14,620	71,300	38,700
	July	220,965	20,500	73,900	38,700
	Aug.	232,809	20,500	82,000	41,550
	Sept	253,171	20,500	90,600	44,400
	Oct	264,961	20,500	94,900	48,400
	Nov.	281,607	20,500	112,200	54,140
	Dec.	354,236	20,500	118,100	54,140
1995 Jan.		302,642	20,500	118,300	54,140
	Feb.	320,986	20,500	138,200	73,800
	Mar.	361,491	20,500	138,500	73,800
	Apr.	386,244	34,400	138,700	73,800
	May	429,935	43,700	171,800	83,099
	June	480,640	43,700	200,000	91,847

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}Including all benefits and allowances, average pension during last month.

Table 14.

Russian Federation: Relative Wages by Sector, 1987–April 1995

(Ratio of the average monthly sectoral wage to average monthly wage in the economy)

Source: Goskomstat; and Fund staff calculations.

^{^1/}Beginning January 1990, the arts and culture categories are combined.

^{^2/}Ratio between highest and lowest average sectoral wage.

Table 14.

Russian Federation: Relative Wages by Sector, 1987–April 1995

(Ratio of the average monthly sectoral wage to average monthly wage in the economy)

Sector		1987	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995 April
Industry		1.07	1.05	1.03	1.10	1.18	1.08	1.02	1.20
Agriculture		1.02	0.92	0.95	0.84	0.67	0.61	0.50	0.41
Construction		1.26	1.29	1.24	1.27	1.34	1.33	1.29	1.32
Transport		1.21	1.17	1.15	1.20	1.46	1.51	1.50	1.57
Communications		0.87	0.87	0.85	0.91	0.91	1.07	1.23	1.24
Trade		0.77	0.77	0.85	0.86	0.81	0.80	0.79	0.88
Information processing		0.82	0.90	6.95	0.93	0.82	0.92	1.06	1.10
Housing		0.75	0.73	0.74	0.80	0.82	0.92	0.96	1.07
Public health		0.71	0.68	0.67	0.76	0.66	0.76	0.76	0.70
Education		0.79	0.70	0.67	0.71	0.61	0.68	0.69	0.64
Culture ^1/		0.59	0.55	0.62	0.67	0.52	0.62	0.62	0.60
Arts ^1/		0.74	0.67	0.62	0.67	0.52	0.62	0.62	0.60
Science		1.04	1.20	1.16	0.94	0.64	0.68	0.78	0.77
Financial services		0.98	0.97	13.5	1.80	2.04	2.43	2.08	1.66
Public administration		0.93	0.96	1.20	0.99	0.94	1.15	1.17	1.12
Minimum wage		0.32	0.27	0.23	0.24	0.11	0.25	0.09	0.09
Memorandum items:
	Average nominal wage (rubles per month)	216	263	303	548	5,995	58,663	220,651	386,244
	Wage dispertion ^2/	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.8	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.1

Source: Goskomstat; and Fund staff calculations.

^{^1/}Beginning January 1990, the arts and culture categories are combined.

^{^2/}Ratio between highest and lowest average sectoral wage.

Table 14.

Russian Federation: Relative Wages by Sector, 1987–April 1995

(Ratio of the average monthly sectoral wage to average monthly wage in the economy)

Sector		1987	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995 April
Industry		1.07	1.05	1.03	1.10	1.18	1.08	1.02	1.20
Agriculture		1.02	0.92	0.95	0.84	0.67	0.61	0.50	0.41
Construction		1.26	1.29	1.24	1.27	1.34	1.33	1.29	1.32
Transport		1.21	1.17	1.15	1.20	1.46	1.51	1.50	1.57
Communications		0.87	0.87	0.85	0.91	0.91	1.07	1.23	1.24
Trade		0.77	0.77	0.85	0.86	0.81	0.80	0.79	0.88
Information processing		0.82	0.90	6.95	0.93	0.82	0.92	1.06	1.10
Housing		0.75	0.73	0.74	0.80	0.82	0.92	0.96	1.07
Public health		0.71	0.68	0.67	0.76	0.66	0.76	0.76	0.70
Education		0.79	0.70	0.67	0.71	0.61	0.68	0.69	0.64
Culture ^1/		0.59	0.55	0.62	0.67	0.52	0.62	0.62	0.60
Arts ^1/		0.74	0.67	0.62	0.67	0.52	0.62	0.62	0.60
Science		1.04	1.20	1.16	0.94	0.64	0.68	0.78	0.77
Financial services		0.98	0.97	13.5	1.80	2.04	2.43	2.08	1.66
Public administration		0.93	0.96	1.20	0.99	0.94	1.15	1.17	1.12
Minimum wage		0.32	0.27	0.23	0.24	0.11	0.25	0.09	0.09
Memorandum items:
	Average nominal wage (rubles per month)	216	263	303	548	5,995	58,663	220,651	386,244
	Wage dispertion ^2/	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.8	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.1

Source: Goskomstat; and Fund staff calculations.

^{^1/}Beginning January 1990, the arts and culture categories are combined.

^{^2/}Ratio between highest and lowest average sectoral wage.

Table 15.

Russian Federation: Wage Arrears in Industry, Agriculture and Construction, 1992–July 1995

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}In billions of rubles, 1st of month.

^{^2/}In constant March 1992 prices, deflated by CPI.

Table 15.

Russian Federation: Wage Arrears in Industry, Agriculture and Construction, 1992–July 1995

		Industry		Agriculture		Construction
		Nominal ^1/	Real ^2/	Nominal ^1/	Real ^2/	Nominal ^1/	Real ^2/
End year 1992		18	4.3	7	1.6	9	2.3
End year 1993		402	10.3	281	7.2	168	4.3
End year 1994		2,507	21.3	1,372	11.7	868	7.4
1994 Jan.		364	7.9	287	6.3	115	2.3
	Feb.	934	18.4	463	9.1	284	5.6
	Mar.	1,044	19.2	563	10.3	371	6.8
	Apr.	1,311	22.2	616	10.4	414	7.0
	May.	1,406	22.2	571	9.0	459	7.3
	June	1,774	26.5	648	9.7	519	7.7
	July	2,092	29.6	763	10.8	566	8.0
	Aug.	2,266	30.7	873	11.8	658	8.9
	Sept.	2,230	28.2	988	12.3	689	8.7
	Oct.	2,359	26.7	1,130	12.8	718	8.1
	Nov.	2,525	25.0	1,309	13.0	867	8.6
	Dec.	2,507	213	1,372	11.7	868	7.4
1995 Jan.		2,170	15.7	1301	9.4	729	53
	Feb.	2,911	18.9	1335	8.7	950	6.2
	Mar.	2,986	17.8	1361	8.1	906	5.4
	Apr.	3,056	16.8	1,350	7.4	898	4.9
	May.	2,918	14.9	1,309	6.7	843	4.3
	June	3,349	16.0	1,384	6.6	886	4.2
	July	3,425	15.5	1,525	6.9	1,008	4.6

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}In billions of rubles, 1st of month.

^{^2/}In constant March 1992 prices, deflated by CPI.

Table 15.

Russian Federation: Wage Arrears in Industry, Agriculture and Construction, 1992–July 1995

		Industry		Agriculture		Construction
		Nominal ^1/	Real ^2/	Nominal ^1/	Real ^2/	Nominal ^1/	Real ^2/
End year 1992		18	4.3	7	1.6	9	2.3
End year 1993		402	10.3	281	7.2	168	4.3
End year 1994		2,507	21.3	1,372	11.7	868	7.4
1994 Jan.		364	7.9	287	6.3	115	2.3
	Feb.	934	18.4	463	9.1	284	5.6
	Mar.	1,044	19.2	563	10.3	371	6.8
	Apr.	1,311	22.2	616	10.4	414	7.0
	May.	1,406	22.2	571	9.0	459	7.3
	June	1,774	26.5	648	9.7	519	7.7
	July	2,092	29.6	763	10.8	566	8.0
	Aug.	2,266	30.7	873	11.8	658	8.9
	Sept.	2,230	28.2	988	12.3	689	8.7
	Oct.	2,359	26.7	1,130	12.8	718	8.1
	Nov.	2,525	25.0	1,309	13.0	867	8.6
	Dec.	2,507	213	1,372	11.7	868	7.4
1995 Jan.		2,170	15.7	1301	9.4	729	53
	Feb.	2,911	18.9	1335	8.7	950	6.2
	Mar.	2,986	17.8	1361	8.1	906	5.4
	Apr.	3,056	16.8	1,350	7.4	898	4.9
	May.	2,918	14.9	1,309	6.7	843	4.3
	June	3,349	16.0	1,384	6.6	886	4.2
	July	3,425	15.5	1,525	6.9	1,008	4.6

Source: Goskomstat.

^{^1/}In billions of rubles, 1st of month.

^{^2/}In constant March 1992 prices, deflated by CPI.

Table 16.

Russian Federation: Household Income, Expenditures, and Savings, 1985-94

(In billions of rubles, end of period)

Source: Goskomstat

^{^1/}Includes savings in deposits, securities, and cash.

Table 16.

Russian Federation: Household Income, Expenditures, and Savings, 1985-94

(In billions of rubles, end of period)

			1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994
Income			245	383	830	7,100	78,252	361,000
	Wages and salaries		189	293	519	5,121	54,307	…
		Wages	174	272	475	4,733	51,490	…
		Other remuneration from enterprises	6	9	24	160	1,956	…
		Income from kokhozes	9	12	20	228	861	…
	Receipts from sales of agricultural products		7	14	34	280	5,008	…
	Pensions and allowances		35	50	129	994	12085	…
	Receipts from financial system		9	17	119	185	2,739	…
	Other income		5	9	29	520	3,913	…
Total expenditure (excluding taxes)			214	318	683	5,557	64,154	319,017
Savings ^1/			12	48	244	1,305	12079	40,455
Taxes and duties			19	31	42	435	4,415	18,755
Disposable income (1-4)			226	352	788	6,665	73,837	342,458
Memorandum item:
	Savings in percent of disposable income (%)		5.4	13.6	31.0	19.6	16.6	11.8

Source: Goskomstat

^{^1/}Includes savings in deposits, securities, and cash.

Table 16.

Russian Federation: Household Income, Expenditures, and Savings, 1985-94

(In billions of rubles, end of period)

			1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994
Income			245	383	830	7,100	78,252	361,000
	Wages and salaries		189	293	519	5,121	54,307	…
		Wages	174	272	475	4,733	51,490	…
		Other remuneration from enterprises	6	9	24	160	1,956	…
		Income from kokhozes	9	12	20	228	861	…
	Receipts from sales of agricultural products		7	14	34	280	5,008	…
	Pensions and allowances		35	50	129	994	12085	…
	Receipts from financial system		9	17	119	185	2,739	…
	Other income		5	9	29	520	3,913	…
Total expenditure (excluding taxes)			214	318	683	5,557	64,154	319,017
Savings ^1/			12	48	244	1,305	12079	40,455
Taxes and duties			19	31	42	435	4,415	18,755
Disposable income (1-4)			226	352	788	6,665	73,837	342,458
Memorandum item:
	Savings in percent of disposable income (%)		5.4	13.6	31.0	19.6	16.6	11.8

Source: Goskomstat

^{^1/}Includes savings in deposits, securities, and cash.

Table 17.

Russian Federation: Federal Government Operations, 1992–Q2 1995

(In trillions of rubles)

Sources: Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff calculations.

^{^1/}Includes all national economy spending in 1992-94.

^{^2/}Actual in 1992 -94; scheduled in 1995.

^{^3/}lndudes only cash interest paid in 1993-94, and the real part only in 1995.

^{^4/}Exclude inflation component of GKO interest from expenditure.

Table 17.

Russian Federation: Federal Government Operations, 1992–Q2 1995

(In trillions of rubles)

				1992	1993	1994	1995 Q1	1995 Q2
Revenue				3.0	22.2	66.2	31.9	42.3
	VAT			1.5	7.3	28.3	13.2	16.0
	Excise taxes			0.2	1.1	4.5	1.6	4.4
		Nonenergy excise taxes		0.1	0.6	…	0.0	0.8
		Energy excise taxes		0.1	0.5	…	1.6	3.6
	Profit taxes			0.7	5.5	17.1	5.6	11.8
	Personal income taxes			0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.9
	Natural resources taxes			0.1	0.5	1.0	0.5	0.7
	Taxes on trade			0.4	5.3	15.2	5.1	7.2
		Export taxes		0.3	1.2	7.3	2.4	4.4
		Import tarrifs		0.0	0.7	2.6	1.2	1.7
		Other (exd. gold transactions)		0.1	3.4	5.3	1.5	1.1
	Other			0.1	2.5	-0.0	5.6	1.3
Expenditure				5.0	33.4	135.9	38.5	54.4
	Non-interest expenditure			4.9	30.0	123.9	32.0	46.9
		of which:
			Administration and science	0.1	1.6	6.8	3.4	7.5
			Defense	0.9	7.1	28.0	7.9	10.3
			Law enforcement and public order	0.2	2.4	11.4	3.5	4.3
			Education	0.2	1.3	5.5	1.3	2.7
			Health and emergency management	0.1	0.5	2.3	1.1	1.7
			Social security	0.1	0.3	…	0.6	0.7
			Housing, municipal services, and environme	…	…	…	0.2	0.4
			Culture and mass media	0.1	0.3	1.7	0.4	0.6
			Industry, energy, and construction ^1/	1.1	4.5	18.2	4.1	6.8
			Agriculture and fishing	…	…	…	2.0	1.6
			Transportation and communication	…	…	…	0.1	0.1
			Net lending	0.7	3.1	14.0	2.1	4.3
			Intergovernment transfers	0.3	4.4	22.0	4.5	3.6
			Other	1.1	5.0	15.7	0.8	2.3
	Interest payments			0.1	3.4	12.0	6.5	7.5
		External debt (schedule) ^2/		0.0	2.5	3.1	0.8	2.5
		GKOs (real) ^3/		—	0.2	1.4	2.8	2.5
		Other domestic debt		0.1	0.7	7.5	2.9	2.5
Overall balance, definition 1 (deficit -) ^4/				-2.0	-111	-69.8	-6.5	-12.3
	Inflation component of GKO interest			…	…	…	3.2	2.8
Overall balance; definition 2 (deficit-)				-2.0	-11.1	-69.8	-9.7	-15.0

Sources: Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff calculations.

^{^1/}Includes all national economy spending in 1992-94.

^{^2/}Actual in 1992 -94; scheduled in 1995.

^{^3/}lndudes only cash interest paid in 1993-94, and the real part only in 1995.

^{^4/}Exclude inflation component of GKO interest from expenditure.

Table 17.

Russian Federation: Federal Government Operations, 1992–Q2 1995

(In trillions of rubles)

				1992	1993	1994	1995 Q1	1995 Q2
Revenue				3.0	22.2	66.2	31.9	42.3
	VAT			1.5	7.3	28.3	13.2	16.0
	Excise taxes			0.2	1.1	4.5	1.6	4.4
		Nonenergy excise taxes		0.1	0.6	…	0.0	0.8
		Energy excise taxes		0.1	0.5	…	1.6	3.6
	Profit taxes			0.7	5.5	17.1	5.6	11.8
	Personal income taxes			0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.9
	Natural resources taxes			0.1	0.5	1.0	0.5	0.7
	Taxes on trade			0.4	5.3	15.2	5.1	7.2
		Export taxes		0.3	1.2	7.3	2.4	4.4
		Import tarrifs		0.0	0.7	2.6	1.2	1.7
		Other (exd. gold transactions)		0.1	3.4	5.3	1.5	1.1
	Other			0.1	2.5	-0.0	5.6	1.3
Expenditure				5.0	33.4	135.9	38.5	54.4
	Non-interest expenditure			4.9	30.0	123.9	32.0	46.9
		of which:
			Administration and science	0.1	1.6	6.8	3.4	7.5
			Defense	0.9	7.1	28.0	7.9	10.3
			Law enforcement and public order	0.2	2.4	11.4	3.5	4.3
			Education	0.2	1.3	5.5	1.3	2.7
			Health and emergency management	0.1	0.5	2.3	1.1	1.7
			Social security	0.1	0.3	…	0.6	0.7
			Housing, municipal services, and environme	…	…	…	0.2	0.4
			Culture and mass media	0.1	0.3	1.7	0.4	0.6
			Industry, energy, and construction ^1/	1.1	4.5	18.2	4.1	6.8
			Agriculture and fishing	…	…	…	2.0	1.6
			Transportation and communication	…	…	…	0.1	0.1
			Net lending	0.7	3.1	14.0	2.1	4.3
			Intergovernment transfers	0.3	4.4	22.0	4.5	3.6
			Other	1.1	5.0	15.7	0.8	2.3
	Interest payments			0.1	3.4	12.0	6.5	7.5
		External debt (schedule) ^2/		0.0	2.5	3.1	0.8	2.5
		GKOs (real) ^3/		—	0.2	1.4	2.8	2.5
		Other domestic debt		0.1	0.7	7.5	2.9	2.5
Overall balance, definition 1 (deficit -) ^4/				-2.0	-111	-69.8	-6.5	-12.3
	Inflation component of GKO interest			…	…	…	3.2	2.8
Overall balance; definition 2 (deficit-)				-2.0	-11.1	-69.8	-9.7	-15.0

Sources: Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff calculations.

^{^1/}Includes all national economy spending in 1992-94.

^{^2/}Actual in 1992 -94; scheduled in 1995.

^{^3/}lndudes only cash interest paid in 1993-94, and the real part only in 1995.

^{^4/}Exclude inflation component of GKO interest from expenditure.

Table 18.

Russian Federation: Federal Government Operations, 1992–Q2 1995

(In percent of GDP)

Sources: Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff calculations.

^{^1/}Actual in 1992-94; scheduled in 1995.

^{^2/}Includes only cash interest paid in 1993-94, and the real part only in 1995.

^{^3/}1995 data are staff estimates.

Table 18.

Russian Federation: Federal Government Operations, 1992–Q2 1995

(In percent of GDP)

			1992	1993	1994	1995 Q1	1995 Q2
Revenue			16.7	13.7	10.5	9.9	9.9
	VAT		8.3	4.5	4.5	4.1	3.7
	Excise taxes		1.1	0.7	0.7	0.5	1.0
		Nonenergy excise taxes	0.6	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.2
		Energy excise taxes	0.6	0.3	0.0	0.5	0.8
	Profit taxes		3.9	3.4	2.7	1.7	2.8
	Personal income taxes		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2
	Natural resources taxes		0.6	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
	Taxes on trade		2.2	3.3	2.4	1.6	1.7
		Export taxes	1.7	0.7	1.2	0.7	1.0
		Import tarrifs	0.0	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
		Other (excl. gold)	0.6	2.1	0.8	0.5	0.3
	Other		0.6	1.5	-0.0	1.7	0.3
Expenditure			27.8	20.6	21.6	12.0	12.7
	Interest payments		0.6	2.1	1.9	2.0	1.8
		External debt ^1/	0.0	1.5	0.5	0.2	0.6
		GKOs ^2/	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.9	0.6
		Other domestic debt	0.6	0.4	1.2	0.9	0.6
	Non-interest expenditure		27.2	18.5	19.7	9.9	11.0
Overall balance; definition 1 (deficit -)			-11.1	-6.9	-11.1	-2.0	-2.9
	Inflation component of GKO interest		…	…	…	1.0	0.7
Overall balance; definition 2 (deficit-)			-11.1	-6.9	-11.1	-3.0	-3.5
Memorandum item:
	GDP (in trillions of rubles) ^3/		18	162	630	322	427

Sources: Ministry of Finance; and Fund staff calculations.

^{^1/}Actual in 1992-94; scheduled in 1995.

^{^2/}Includes only cash interest paid in 1993-94, and the real part only in 1995.

^{^3/}1995 data are staff estimates.

Table 18.

Russian Federation: Federal Government Operations, 1992–Q2 1995

(In percent of GDP)

			1992	1993	1994	1995 Q1	1995 Q2
Revenue			16.7	13.7	10.5	9.9	9.9
	VAT		8.3	4.5	4.5	4.1	3.7
	Excise taxes		1.1	0.7	0.7	0.5	1.0
		Nonenergy excise taxes	0.6	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.2
		Energy excise taxes	0.6	0.3	0.0	0.5	0.8
	Profit taxes		3.9	3.4	2.7	1.7	2.8
	Personal income taxes		0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2
	Natural resources taxes		0.6	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
	Taxes on trade		2.2	3.3	2.4	1.6	1.7
		Export taxes	1.7	0.7	1.2	0.7	1.0
		Import tarrifs	0.0	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
		Other (excl

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