Abstract
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Malawi - Basic Data
Fiscal year starting April 1 of the year indicated.
Figures for 1994 are for December.
In SDR terms.
Excluding official transfers.
Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and nonfactor services, before debt relief.
Malawi - Basic Data
| Area | 118,500 square kilometers | |||||||||||
| Population: Total (1994) | 9.7 million | |||||||||||
| Growth rate | 3.6 percent per annum | |||||||||||
| GDP per capita (1994) | US$134 | |||||||||||
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | |||||||
| National accounts | (In units indicated) | |||||||||||
| GDP at 1978 factor cost (in millions of Malawi kwacha) | 934.8 | 979.4 | 1,055.8 | 972.2 | 1,077.1 | 944.0 | ||||||
| In percent of total: | ||||||||||||
| Agriculture | 34.9 | 33.3 | 34.8 | 28.3 | 39.1 | 31.3 | ||||||
| Manufacturing | 12.8 | 13.6 | 13.0 | 14.6 | 11.8 | 13.9 | ||||||
| Government | 15.3 | 14.8 | 14.2 | 15.9 | 14.3 | 15.6 | ||||||
| Other | 36.9 | 38.3 | 38.0 | 41.2 | 34.8 | 39.2 | ||||||
| Annual real rate of growth (percentage change) | 4.1 | 4.8 | 7.8 | ‒7.9 | 10.8 | ‒12.4 | ||||||
| GDP at current market prices (in millions of Malawi kwacha) | 4,199.2 | 5,069.9 | 6,105.5 | 6,693.8 | 8,942.2 | 11,311.8 | ||||||
| In percent of total: | ||||||||||||
| Domestic expenditure | 116.4 | 109.8 | 112.2 | 113.4 | 111.8 | 116.4 | ||||||
| Private consumption | 78.2 | 75.4 | 78.1 | 79.8 | 86.2 | 79.1 | ||||||
| Government consumption | 17.1 | 15.2 | 14.0 | 18.5 | 17.1 | 21.8 | ||||||
| Gross fixed capital formation | 16.7 | 16.2 | 16.9 | 16.1 | 10.0 | 13.4 | ||||||
| Stockbuilding | 4.5 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | ||||||
| Imports of goods and nonfactor services | ‒36.1 | ‒33.8 | ‒35.8 | ‒35.9 | ‒28.2 | ‒45.7 | ||||||
| Exports of goods and nonfactor services | 19.6 | 24.1 | 23.5 | 22.5 | 16.4 | 29.2 | ||||||
| Central government finance1/ | (In millions of Malawi kwacha) | |||||||||||
| Total revenue and grants | 1,204.1 | 1,156.0 | 1,389.9 | 1,505.0 | 1,912.8 | 4,231.3 | ||||||
| Revenue | 994.3 | 1,043.3 | 1,181.9 | 1,331.4 | 1,628.6 | 2,329.2 | ||||||
| Grants | 209.9 | 112.7 | 208.0 | 173.6 | 284.2 | 1,902.1 | ||||||
| Total expenditure | 1,295.6 | 1,401.7 | 1,577.3 | 2,379.4 | 2,428.0 | 5,940.7 | ||||||
| Current expenditure | 932.0 | 1,090.0 | 1,262.5 | 1,263.1 | 1,838.9 | 3,780.2 | ||||||
| Development expenditure | 295.3 | 311.6 | 314.8 | 469.4 | 464.4 | 1,233.5 | ||||||
| Drought-related expenditure | — | — | — | 450.0 | 124.7 | 927.0 | ||||||
| Extrabudgetary expenditure | 68.3 | — | — | 196.9 | — | — | ||||||
| Overall deficit (excluding grants) | ‒301.4 | ‒358.4 | ‒395.4 | ‒1,048.0 | ‒799.4 | ‒3,611.5 | ||||||
| Overall deficit (including grants | ‒91.5 | ‒245.7 | ‒187.4 | ‒874.4 | ‒515.2 | ‒1,709.4 | ||||||
| Financing | 91.5 | 246.3 | 187.4 | 874.4 | 515.2 | 1,709.4 | ||||||
| Foreign | 133.7 | 266.0 | 202.4 | 356.2 | 658.0 | 1,363.2 | ||||||
| Domestic | ‒42.2 | ‒19.7 | ‒15.0 | 518.2 | ‒142.8 | 346.2 | ||||||
| Of which: nonbank financing | (11.0) | (-1.2) | (17.9) | (-8.6) | (0.5) | (85.6) | ||||||
| Money and credit (end of period) 1/2/ | (Twelve-month chance as percent of beginning period monev stock) | |||||||||||
| Net foreign assets | ‒23.8 | 3.2 | ‒13.4 | ‒40.5 | 44.5 | 2.1 | ||||||
| Net domestic assets | 27.0 | 8.8 | 31.6 | 68.6 | ‒2.9 | 37.8 | ||||||
| Credit to the Government | ‒8.1 | ‒2.8 | ‒6.7 | 59.1 | ‒12.6 | 23.4 | ||||||
| Credit to statutory bodies | ‒2.3 | ‒0.7 | 9.7 | ‒9.8 | 9.6 | ‒7.5 | ||||||
| Credit to the private sector | 27.1 | 11.1 | 19.2 | 16.7 | 7.8 | 23.9 | ||||||
| Other assets (net) | 10.4 | 1.1 | 9.4 | 2.5 | ‒7.8 | ‒2.0 | ||||||
| Money plus quasi—money | 3.2 | 12.0 | 18.2 | 28.0 | 41.5 | 39.9 | ||||||
| Prices | (Percent change) | |||||||||||
| GDP deflator | 21.2 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 18.3 | 21.8 | 42.0 | ||||||
| Consumer prices (annual average) | 15.7 | 11.5 | 8.2 | 23.2 | 22.8 | 34.6 | ||||||
| Export price index 3/ | 7.6 | ‒1.6 | 8.8 | ‒17.1 | ‒13.3 | 3.4 | ||||||
| Import price index 3/ | 2.8 | 1.0 | 0.7 | ‒2.3 | ‒4.5 | 0.4 | ||||||
| Terms of trade (deterioration –) | 4.7 | ‒2.6 | 8.1 | ‒15.2 | ‒9.3 | 2.9 | ||||||
| Balance of payments | (In millions of SDRs) | |||||||||||
| Exports, f.o.b. | 209.7 | 303.4 | 347.5 | 282.2 | 227.2 | 252.9 | ||||||
| Imports, c.i.f. | ‒316.0 | ‒361.6 | ‒449.8 | ‒505.9 | ‒449.0 | ‒387.0 | ||||||
| Of which: freight and insurance | (‒120.1) | (‒137.4) | (‒176.7) | (‒171.9) | (‒147.4) | (‒138.0) | ||||||
| Trade balance | ‒106.3 | ‒58.3 | ‒102.3 | ‒223.8 | ‒221.9 | ‒134.1 | ||||||
| Services and private transfers | ‒59.6 | ‒483 | ‒80.5 | ‒39.9 | ‒25.0 | ‒32.7 | ||||||
| Current account balance 4/ | ‒165.8 | ‒106.6 | ‒182.8 | ‒263.7 | ‒246.9 | ‒166.8 | ||||||
| Capital account (including net errors and omissions) | 136.8 | 119.5 | 185.7 | 160.1 | 279.4 | 165.4 | ||||||
| Overall balance | ‒29.0 | 12.9 | 2.9 | ‒103.5 | 32.5 | ‒1.4 | ||||||
| Gross official foreign reserves | 78.5 | 95.5 | 102.7 | 33.4 | 39.2 | 24.6 | ||||||
| In months of nonmaize imports | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.9 | ||||||
| External debt | ||||||||||||
| Disbursed and outstanding | ||||||||||||
| Including Fund credit | 988.4 | 1,037.9 | 1,127.7 | 1,230.0 | 1,337.5 | 1,383.1 | ||||||
| Excluding Fund credit | 912.3 | 959.3 | 1,047.2 | 1,156.3 | 1,274.8 | 1,306.2 | ||||||
| Debt service ratio 5/ | ||||||||||||
| Including Fund credit | 39.5 | 23.3 | 21.2 | 24.7 | 25.0 | 24.1 | ||||||
| Excluding Fund credit | 29.2 | 18.2 | 15.7 | 19.5 | 22.3 | 22.2 | ||||||
Fiscal year starting April 1 of the year indicated.
Figures for 1994 are for December.
In SDR terms.
Excluding official transfers.
Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and nonfactor services, before debt relief.
Malawi - Basic Data
| Area | 118,500 square kilometers | |||||||||||
| Population: Total (1994) | 9.7 million | |||||||||||
| Growth rate | 3.6 percent per annum | |||||||||||
| GDP per capita (1994) | US$134 | |||||||||||
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | |||||||
| National accounts | (In units indicated) | |||||||||||
| GDP at 1978 factor cost (in millions of Malawi kwacha) | 934.8 | 979.4 | 1,055.8 | 972.2 | 1,077.1 | 944.0 | ||||||
| In percent of total: | ||||||||||||
| Agriculture | 34.9 | 33.3 | 34.8 | 28.3 | 39.1 | 31.3 | ||||||
| Manufacturing | 12.8 | 13.6 | 13.0 | 14.6 | 11.8 | 13.9 | ||||||
| Government | 15.3 | 14.8 | 14.2 | 15.9 | 14.3 | 15.6 | ||||||
| Other | 36.9 | 38.3 | 38.0 | 41.2 | 34.8 | 39.2 | ||||||
| Annual real rate of growth (percentage change) | 4.1 | 4.8 | 7.8 | ‒7.9 | 10.8 | ‒12.4 | ||||||
| GDP at current market prices (in millions of Malawi kwacha) | 4,199.2 | 5,069.9 | 6,105.5 | 6,693.8 | 8,942.2 | 11,311.8 | ||||||
| In percent of total: | ||||||||||||
| Domestic expenditure | 116.4 | 109.8 | 112.2 | 113.4 | 111.8 | 116.4 | ||||||
| Private consumption | 78.2 | 75.4 | 78.1 | 79.8 | 86.2 | 79.1 | ||||||
| Government consumption | 17.1 | 15.2 | 14.0 | 18.5 | 17.1 | 21.8 | ||||||
| Gross fixed capital formation | 16.7 | 16.2 | 16.9 | 16.1 | 10.0 | 13.4 | ||||||
| Stockbuilding | 4.5 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | ||||||
| Imports of goods and nonfactor services | ‒36.1 | ‒33.8 | ‒35.8 | ‒35.9 | ‒28.2 | ‒45.7 | ||||||
| Exports of goods and nonfactor services | 19.6 | 24.1 | 23.5 | 22.5 | 16.4 | 29.2 | ||||||
| Central government finance1/ | (In millions of Malawi kwacha) | |||||||||||
| Total revenue and grants | 1,204.1 | 1,156.0 | 1,389.9 | 1,505.0 | 1,912.8 | 4,231.3 | ||||||
| Revenue | 994.3 | 1,043.3 | 1,181.9 | 1,331.4 | 1,628.6 | 2,329.2 | ||||||
| Grants | 209.9 | 112.7 | 208.0 | 173.6 | 284.2 | 1,902.1 | ||||||
| Total expenditure | 1,295.6 | 1,401.7 | 1,577.3 | 2,379.4 | 2,428.0 | 5,940.7 | ||||||
| Current expenditure | 932.0 | 1,090.0 | 1,262.5 | 1,263.1 | 1,838.9 | 3,780.2 | ||||||
| Development expenditure | 295.3 | 311.6 | 314.8 | 469.4 | 464.4 | 1,233.5 | ||||||
| Drought-related expenditure | — | — | — | 450.0 | 124.7 | 927.0 | ||||||
| Extrabudgetary expenditure | 68.3 | — | — | 196.9 | — | — | ||||||
| Overall deficit (excluding grants) | ‒301.4 | ‒358.4 | ‒395.4 | ‒1,048.0 | ‒799.4 | ‒3,611.5 | ||||||
| Overall deficit (including grants | ‒91.5 | ‒245.7 | ‒187.4 | ‒874.4 | ‒515.2 | ‒1,709.4 | ||||||
| Financing | 91.5 | 246.3 | 187.4 | 874.4 | 515.2 | 1,709.4 | ||||||
| Foreign | 133.7 | 266.0 | 202.4 | 356.2 | 658.0 | 1,363.2 | ||||||
| Domestic | ‒42.2 | ‒19.7 | ‒15.0 | 518.2 | ‒142.8 | 346.2 | ||||||
| Of which: nonbank financing | (11.0) | (-1.2) | (17.9) | (-8.6) | (0.5) | (85.6) | ||||||
| Money and credit (end of period) 1/2/ | (Twelve-month chance as percent of beginning period monev stock) | |||||||||||
| Net foreign assets | ‒23.8 | 3.2 | ‒13.4 | ‒40.5 | 44.5 | 2.1 | ||||||
| Net domestic assets | 27.0 | 8.8 | 31.6 | 68.6 | ‒2.9 | 37.8 | ||||||
| Credit to the Government | ‒8.1 | ‒2.8 | ‒6.7 | 59.1 | ‒12.6 | 23.4 | ||||||
| Credit to statutory bodies | ‒2.3 | ‒0.7 | 9.7 | ‒9.8 | 9.6 | ‒7.5 | ||||||
| Credit to the private sector | 27.1 | 11.1 | 19.2 | 16.7 | 7.8 | 23.9 | ||||||
| Other assets (net) | 10.4 | 1.1 | 9.4 | 2.5 | ‒7.8 | ‒2.0 | ||||||
| Money plus quasi—money | 3.2 | 12.0 | 18.2 | 28.0 | 41.5 | 39.9 | ||||||
| Prices | (Percent change) | |||||||||||
| GDP deflator | 21.2 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 18.3 | 21.8 | 42.0 | ||||||
| Consumer prices (annual average) | 15.7 | 11.5 | 8.2 | 23.2 | 22.8 | 34.6 | ||||||
| Export price index 3/ | 7.6 | ‒1.6 | 8.8 | ‒17.1 | ‒13.3 | 3.4 | ||||||
| Import price index 3/ | 2.8 | 1.0 | 0.7 | ‒2.3 | ‒4.5 | 0.4 | ||||||
| Terms of trade (deterioration –) | 4.7 | ‒2.6 | 8.1 | ‒15.2 | ‒9.3 | 2.9 | ||||||
| Balance of payments | (In millions of SDRs) | |||||||||||
| Exports, f.o.b. | 209.7 | 303.4 | 347.5 | 282.2 | 227.2 | 252.9 | ||||||
| Imports, c.i.f. | ‒316.0 | ‒361.6 | ‒449.8 | ‒505.9 | ‒449.0 | ‒387.0 | ||||||
| Of which: freight and insurance | (‒120.1) | (‒137.4) | (‒176.7) | (‒171.9) | (‒147.4) | (‒138.0) | ||||||
| Trade balance | ‒106.3 | ‒58.3 | ‒102.3 | ‒223.8 | ‒221.9 | ‒134.1 | ||||||
| Services and private transfers | ‒59.6 | ‒483 | ‒80.5 | ‒39.9 | ‒25.0 | ‒32.7 | ||||||
| Current account balance 4/ | ‒165.8 | ‒106.6 | ‒182.8 | ‒263.7 | ‒246.9 | ‒166.8 | ||||||
| Capital account (including net errors and omissions) | 136.8 | 119.5 | 185.7 | 160.1 | 279.4 | 165.4 | ||||||
| Overall balance | ‒29.0 | 12.9 | 2.9 | ‒103.5 | 32.5 | ‒1.4 | ||||||
| Gross official foreign reserves | 78.5 | 95.5 | 102.7 | 33.4 | 39.2 | 24.6 | ||||||
| In months of nonmaize imports | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.9 | ||||||
| External debt | ||||||||||||
| Disbursed and outstanding | ||||||||||||
| Including Fund credit | 988.4 | 1,037.9 | 1,127.7 | 1,230.0 | 1,337.5 | 1,383.1 | ||||||
| Excluding Fund credit | 912.3 | 959.3 | 1,047.2 | 1,156.3 | 1,274.8 | 1,306.2 | ||||||
| Debt service ratio 5/ | ||||||||||||
| Including Fund credit | 39.5 | 23.3 | 21.2 | 24.7 | 25.0 | 24.1 | ||||||
| Excluding Fund credit | 29.2 | 18.2 | 15.7 | 19.5 | 22.3 | 22.2 | ||||||
Fiscal year starting April 1 of the year indicated.
Figures for 1994 are for December.
In SDR terms.
Excluding official transfers.
Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and nonfactor services, before debt relief.
Malawi: Gross Domestic Product by Economic Activity at Constant 1978 Factor Cost, 1989–94
Including smallholders (up to 4 employees) in other sectors of the economy.
Malawi: Gross Domestic Product by Economic Activity at Constant 1978 Factor Cost, 1989–94
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of Malawi kwacha) | |||||||
| Agriculture | 326.6 | 325.8 | 367.5 | 275.2 | 421.0 | 295.8 | |
| Smallholders 1/ | 244.0 | 235.6 | 269 | 168.3 | 311.1 | 206.9 | |
| Estates | 82.6 | 90.2 | 98.5 | 106.9 | 109.9 | 88.9 | |
| Manufacturing | 120.0 | 133.5 | 137.5 | 141.6 | 126.8 | 130.8 | |
| Electricity and water | 20.7 | 23.1 | 24.5 | 26.3 | 27.2 | 29.3 | |
| Construction | 40.5 | 41.5 | 43.9 | 43.0 | 41.2 | 39.8 | |
| Distribution | 111.2 | 123.5 | 132.1 | 129.5 | 118.4 | 112.6 | |
| Transport and communication | 53.7 | 57.6 | 60.0 | 59.4 | 56.7 | 51.8 | |
| Financial and professional services | 59.8 | 67.0 | 71.7 | 71.4 | 67.3 | 62.3 | |
| Ownership of dwellings | 40.5 | 42.2 | 43.6 | 44.4 | 44.9 | 45.9 | |
| Private community services | 41.1 | 42.5 | 43.9 | 44.9 | 45.1 | 46.4 | |
| Government services | 143.3 | 145.3 | 149.8 | 154.8 | 154.2 | 147.3 | |
| Unallocable financial charges | -22.6 | -22.6 | -18.8 | -18.4 | -25.7 | -18.0 | |
| GDP at constant 1978 factor cost | 934.8 | 979.4 | 1,055.8 | 972.2 | 1,076.9 | 943.8 | |
| Memorandum items: | |||||||
| GDP at current factor cost | 3,730.7 | 4,539.1 | 5,529.9 | 6,045.0 | 8,173.9 | 10,157.5 | |
| GDP deflator at factor cost (1978 = 100) | 414.8 | 463.5 | 527.7 | 621.8 | 759.1 | 1,076.0 | |
| (Annual change in percent) | |||||||
| Agriculture | 2.4 | ‒0.2 | 12.8 | ‒25.1 | 53.0 | ‒29.7 | |
| Smallholders | 0.2 | ‒3.4 | 14.2 | ‒37.4 | 84.8 | ‒33.5 | |
| Estates | 9.8 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 8.5 | 2.8 | ‒19.1 | |
| Manufacturing | 8.5 | 11.3 | 3.0 | 3.0 | ‒10.5 | 3.2 | |
| Electricity and water | 8.4 | 11.6 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 3.2 | 7.8 | |
| Construction | 6.3 | 2.5 | 5.8 | ‒2.1 | ‒4.2 | ‒3.5 | |
| Distribution | 4.9 | 11.1 | 7.0 | ‒2.0 | ‒8.6 | ‒4.9 | |
| Transport and communication | 4.1 | 7.3 | 4.2 | ‒1.0 | ‒4.6 | ‒8.7 | |
| Financial and professional services | 9.1 | 12.0 | 7.0 | ‒0.4 | ‒5.8 | ‒7.4 | |
| Ownership of dwellings | 2.5 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.4 | |
| Private community services | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 2.8 | |
| Government services | 0.5 | 1.4 | 3.1 | 3.3 | ‒0.4 | ‒4.5 | |
| Unallocable financial charges | — | — | 16.8 | 2.1 | ‒39.7 | 30.0 | |
| GDP at constant 1978 factor cost | 4.1 | 4.8 | 7.8 | ‒7.9 | 10.8 | ‒12.4 | |
| Memorandum items: | |||||||
| GDP at current factor cost | 21.6 | 21.7 | 21.8 | 9.3 | 35.2 | 24.3 | |
| GDP deflator at factor cost | 21.4 | 11.7 | 13.9 | 17.8 | 22.1 | 41.8 | |
Including smallholders (up to 4 employees) in other sectors of the economy.
Malawi: Gross Domestic Product by Economic Activity at Constant 1978 Factor Cost, 1989–94
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of Malawi kwacha) | |||||||
| Agriculture | 326.6 | 325.8 | 367.5 | 275.2 | 421.0 | 295.8 | |
| Smallholders 1/ | 244.0 | 235.6 | 269 | 168.3 | 311.1 | 206.9 | |
| Estates | 82.6 | 90.2 | 98.5 | 106.9 | 109.9 | 88.9 | |
| Manufacturing | 120.0 | 133.5 | 137.5 | 141.6 | 126.8 | 130.8 | |
| Electricity and water | 20.7 | 23.1 | 24.5 | 26.3 | 27.2 | 29.3 | |
| Construction | 40.5 | 41.5 | 43.9 | 43.0 | 41.2 | 39.8 | |
| Distribution | 111.2 | 123.5 | 132.1 | 129.5 | 118.4 | 112.6 | |
| Transport and communication | 53.7 | 57.6 | 60.0 | 59.4 | 56.7 | 51.8 | |
| Financial and professional services | 59.8 | 67.0 | 71.7 | 71.4 | 67.3 | 62.3 | |
| Ownership of dwellings | 40.5 | 42.2 | 43.6 | 44.4 | 44.9 | 45.9 | |
| Private community services | 41.1 | 42.5 | 43.9 | 44.9 | 45.1 | 46.4 | |
| Government services | 143.3 | 145.3 | 149.8 | 154.8 | 154.2 | 147.3 | |
| Unallocable financial charges | -22.6 | -22.6 | -18.8 | -18.4 | -25.7 | -18.0 | |
| GDP at constant 1978 factor cost | 934.8 | 979.4 | 1,055.8 | 972.2 | 1,076.9 | 943.8 | |
| Memorandum items: | |||||||
| GDP at current factor cost | 3,730.7 | 4,539.1 | 5,529.9 | 6,045.0 | 8,173.9 | 10,157.5 | |
| GDP deflator at factor cost (1978 = 100) | 414.8 | 463.5 | 527.7 | 621.8 | 759.1 | 1,076.0 | |
| (Annual change in percent) | |||||||
| Agriculture | 2.4 | ‒0.2 | 12.8 | ‒25.1 | 53.0 | ‒29.7 | |
| Smallholders | 0.2 | ‒3.4 | 14.2 | ‒37.4 | 84.8 | ‒33.5 | |
| Estates | 9.8 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 8.5 | 2.8 | ‒19.1 | |
| Manufacturing | 8.5 | 11.3 | 3.0 | 3.0 | ‒10.5 | 3.2 | |
| Electricity and water | 8.4 | 11.6 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 3.2 | 7.8 | |
| Construction | 6.3 | 2.5 | 5.8 | ‒2.1 | ‒4.2 | ‒3.5 | |
| Distribution | 4.9 | 11.1 | 7.0 | ‒2.0 | ‒8.6 | ‒4.9 | |
| Transport and communication | 4.1 | 7.3 | 4.2 | ‒1.0 | ‒4.6 | ‒8.7 | |
| Financial and professional services | 9.1 | 12.0 | 7.0 | ‒0.4 | ‒5.8 | ‒7.4 | |
| Ownership of dwellings | 2.5 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.4 | |
| Private community services | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 2.8 | |
| Government services | 0.5 | 1.4 | 3.1 | 3.3 | ‒0.4 | ‒4.5 | |
| Unallocable financial charges | — | — | 16.8 | 2.1 | ‒39.7 | 30.0 | |
| GDP at constant 1978 factor cost | 4.1 | 4.8 | 7.8 | ‒7.9 | 10.8 | ‒12.4 | |
| Memorandum items: | |||||||
| GDP at current factor cost | 21.6 | 21.7 | 21.8 | 9.3 | 35.2 | 24.3 | |
| GDP deflator at factor cost | 21.4 | 11.7 | 13.9 | 17.8 | 22.1 | 41.8 | |
Including smallholders (up to 4 employees) in other sectors of the economy.
Malawi: Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure at Constant 1978 Market Prices, 1989–94
Including MK 12.0 million and MK 13.9 million for drought-related commercial and free maize imports f.o.b. for Malawians in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and excluding maize for refugees.
Including shipment costs of MK 17.4 million and MK 19.6 million for drought-related commercial and free maize in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and excluding shipment costs for maize for refugees.
Calculated as a residual.
Smallholder production less ADMARC purchases, including MK 16.8 million of drought-related free maize imports in 1992 and MK 16.5 million in 1993.
GDP less nonmonetary consumption.
Malawi: Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure at Constant 1978 Market Prices, 1989–94
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of Malawi kwacha) | |||||||||
| GDP at market prices | 987.3 | 1,068.8 | 1,134.6 | 1,051.4 | 1,153.2 | 1,027.1 | |||
| Net exports | ‒31.1 | 22.2 | ‒21.8 | 24.5 | 34.1 | 130.4 | |||
| Imports of goods, f.o.b. 1/ | ‒158.9 | ‒164.1 | ‒186.5 | ‒162.8 | ‒151.5 | ‒105.5 | |||
| Imports of nonfactor services 2/ | ‒118.9 | ‒121.9 | ‒157.2 | ‒127.8 | ‒113.6 | ‒87.1 | |||
| Exports and re-exports of goods | 231.2 | 291.8 | 306.2 | 306.3 | 291.8 | 312.6 | |||
| Exports of nonfactor services | 15.5 | 16.4 | 15.7 | 8.9 | 7.4 | 10.4 | |||
| Gross domestic expenditure | 1,018.4 | 1,046.5 | 1,156.4 | 1,026.8 | 1,119.1 | 896.7 | |||
| Consumption | 902.7 | 898.1 | 980.2 | 894.0 | 1,026.8 | 829.5 | |||
| Private | 658.5 | 650.8 | 728.3 | 640.4 | 777.6 | 582.3 | |||
| Monetary 3/ | 335.5 | 336.3 | 385.1 | 378.1 | 378.5 | 291.2 | |||
| Nonmonetary 4/ | 322.9 | 314.5 | 343.2 | 262.3 | 399.1 | 291.1 | |||
| Government and statutory bodies | 244.2 | 247.3 | 251.9 | 253.6 | 249.2 | 247.2 | |||
| Employee compensation | 173.1 | 178.0 | 179.2 | 186.3 | 175.2 | 167.8 | |||
| Goods and services | 71.1 | 69.3 | 72.7 | 67.3 | 74.0 | 79.4 | |||
| Fixed capital formation | 115.7 | 123.2 | 146.0 | 117.5 | 84.2 | 59.8 | |||
| Public investments | 53.1 | 59.4 | 70.0 | 68.6 | 62.5 | 50.2 | |||
| Private investments | 62.7 | 63.9 | 76.0 | 48.9 | 21.7 | 9.6 | |||
| Stock building | 35.5 | 25.3 | 30.1 | 22.0 | 19.9 | 17.9 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| Monetary GDP 5/ | |||||||||
| In millions of Malawi kwacha | 664.4 | 754.3 | 791.4 | 789.1 | 754.1 | 735.9 | |||
| GDP deflator at market prices (1978 = 100) | 425.3 | 474.4 | 538.1 | 636.7 | 775.4 | 1,098.6 | |||
| (Annual change in percent) | |||||||||
| GDP at market prices | 1.3 | 8.3 | 6.2 | ‒7.3 | 9.7 | ‒10.9 | |||
| Net exports | ‒151.1 | ‒171.5 | ‒197.8 | ‒212.8 | 39.0 | 282.1 | |||
| Imports of goods, f.o.b. | 23.1 | 3.3 | 13.6 | ‒12.7 | ‒7.0 | ‒30.3 | |||
| Imports of nonfactor services | 18.9 | 2.5 | 28.9 | ‒18.7 | ‒11.1 | ‒23.3 | |||
| Exports and re-exports of goods | ‒15.7 | 26.2 | 4.9 | 0 | ‒4.7 | 7.1 | |||
| Exports of nonfactor services | ‒1.9 | 5.8 | ‒4.5 | ‒43.4 | ‒17.0 | 40.9 | |||
| Gross domestic expenditure | 11.5 | 2.8 | 10.5 | ‒11.2 | 9.0 | ‒19.9 | |||
| Consumption and stock building | 11.1 | ‒0.5 | 9.1 | ‒8.8 | 14.9 | ‒19.2 | |||
| Private | 14.3 | ‒1.2 | 11.9 | ‒12.1 | 21.4 | ‒25.1 | |||
| Monetary | 32.4 | 0.2 | 14.5 | ‒1.8 | 0.1 | ‒23.1 | |||
| Nonmonetary | 0.1 | ‒2.6 | 9.1 | ‒23.6 | 52.2 | ‒27.1 | |||
| Government and statutory bodies | 3.6 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 0.7 | ‒1.7 | ‒0.8 | |||
| Employee compensation | 3.0 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 4.0 | ‒6.0 | ‒4.2 | |||
| Goods and services | 5.1 | ‒2.6 | 5.0 | ‒7.5 | 10.0 | 7.2 | |||
| Fixed capital formation | 14.3 | 6.5 | 18.5 | ‒19.6 | ‒28.3 | ‒29.0 | |||
| Public investments | ‒1.5 | 11.9 | 18.0 | ‒2.1 | ‒8.8 | ‒19.7 | |||
| Private investments | 32.3 | 1.9 | 19.0 | ‒35.7 | ‒55.6 | ‒55.7 | |||
| Stock building | 40.2 | 28.8 | 19.1 | ‒27.0 | ‒9.5 | ‒10.0 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| Monetary GDP | 2.0 | 13.5 | 4.9 | ‒0.3 | ‒4.4 | ‒2.4 | |||
| GDP deflator at market prices | 21.2 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 18.3 | 21.8 | 41.7 | |||
Including MK 12.0 million and MK 13.9 million for drought-related commercial and free maize imports f.o.b. for Malawians in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and excluding maize for refugees.
Including shipment costs of MK 17.4 million and MK 19.6 million for drought-related commercial and free maize in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and excluding shipment costs for maize for refugees.
Calculated as a residual.
Smallholder production less ADMARC purchases, including MK 16.8 million of drought-related free maize imports in 1992 and MK 16.5 million in 1993.
GDP less nonmonetary consumption.
Malawi: Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure at Constant 1978 Market Prices, 1989–94
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of Malawi kwacha) | |||||||||
| GDP at market prices | 987.3 | 1,068.8 | 1,134.6 | 1,051.4 | 1,153.2 | 1,027.1 | |||
| Net exports | ‒31.1 | 22.2 | ‒21.8 | 24.5 | 34.1 | 130.4 | |||
| Imports of goods, f.o.b. 1/ | ‒158.9 | ‒164.1 | ‒186.5 | ‒162.8 | ‒151.5 | ‒105.5 | |||
| Imports of nonfactor services 2/ | ‒118.9 | ‒121.9 | ‒157.2 | ‒127.8 | ‒113.6 | ‒87.1 | |||
| Exports and re-exports of goods | 231.2 | 291.8 | 306.2 | 306.3 | 291.8 | 312.6 | |||
| Exports of nonfactor services | 15.5 | 16.4 | 15.7 | 8.9 | 7.4 | 10.4 | |||
| Gross domestic expenditure | 1,018.4 | 1,046.5 | 1,156.4 | 1,026.8 | 1,119.1 | 896.7 | |||
| Consumption | 902.7 | 898.1 | 980.2 | 894.0 | 1,026.8 | 829.5 | |||
| Private | 658.5 | 650.8 | 728.3 | 640.4 | 777.6 | 582.3 | |||
| Monetary 3/ | 335.5 | 336.3 | 385.1 | 378.1 | 378.5 | 291.2 | |||
| Nonmonetary 4/ | 322.9 | 314.5 | 343.2 | 262.3 | 399.1 | 291.1 | |||
| Government and statutory bodies | 244.2 | 247.3 | 251.9 | 253.6 | 249.2 | 247.2 | |||
| Employee compensation | 173.1 | 178.0 | 179.2 | 186.3 | 175.2 | 167.8 | |||
| Goods and services | 71.1 | 69.3 | 72.7 | 67.3 | 74.0 | 79.4 | |||
| Fixed capital formation | 115.7 | 123.2 | 146.0 | 117.5 | 84.2 | 59.8 | |||
| Public investments | 53.1 | 59.4 | 70.0 | 68.6 | 62.5 | 50.2 | |||
| Private investments | 62.7 | 63.9 | 76.0 | 48.9 | 21.7 | 9.6 | |||
| Stock building | 35.5 | 25.3 | 30.1 | 22.0 | 19.9 | 17.9 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| Monetary GDP 5/ | |||||||||
| In millions of Malawi kwacha | 664.4 | 754.3 | 791.4 | 789.1 | 754.1 | 735.9 | |||
| GDP deflator at market prices (1978 = 100) | 425.3 | 474.4 | 538.1 | 636.7 | 775.4 | 1,098.6 | |||
| (Annual change in percent) | |||||||||
| GDP at market prices | 1.3 | 8.3 | 6.2 | ‒7.3 | 9.7 | ‒10.9 | |||
| Net exports | ‒151.1 | ‒171.5 | ‒197.8 | ‒212.8 | 39.0 | 282.1 | |||
| Imports of goods, f.o.b. | 23.1 | 3.3 | 13.6 | ‒12.7 | ‒7.0 | ‒30.3 | |||
| Imports of nonfactor services | 18.9 | 2.5 | 28.9 | ‒18.7 | ‒11.1 | ‒23.3 | |||
| Exports and re-exports of goods | ‒15.7 | 26.2 | 4.9 | 0 | ‒4.7 | 7.1 | |||
| Exports of nonfactor services | ‒1.9 | 5.8 | ‒4.5 | ‒43.4 | ‒17.0 | 40.9 | |||
| Gross domestic expenditure | 11.5 | 2.8 | 10.5 | ‒11.2 | 9.0 | ‒19.9 | |||
| Consumption and stock building | 11.1 | ‒0.5 | 9.1 | ‒8.8 | 14.9 | ‒19.2 | |||
| Private | 14.3 | ‒1.2 | 11.9 | ‒12.1 | 21.4 | ‒25.1 | |||
| Monetary | 32.4 | 0.2 | 14.5 | ‒1.8 | 0.1 | ‒23.1 | |||
| Nonmonetary | 0.1 | ‒2.6 | 9.1 | ‒23.6 | 52.2 | ‒27.1 | |||
| Government and statutory bodies | 3.6 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 0.7 | ‒1.7 | ‒0.8 | |||
| Employee compensation | 3.0 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 4.0 | ‒6.0 | ‒4.2 | |||
| Goods and services | 5.1 | ‒2.6 | 5.0 | ‒7.5 | 10.0 | 7.2 | |||
| Fixed capital formation | 14.3 | 6.5 | 18.5 | ‒19.6 | ‒28.3 | ‒29.0 | |||
| Public investments | ‒1.5 | 11.9 | 18.0 | ‒2.1 | ‒8.8 | ‒19.7 | |||
| Private investments | 32.3 | 1.9 | 19.0 | ‒35.7 | ‒55.6 | ‒55.7 | |||
| Stock building | 40.2 | 28.8 | 19.1 | ‒27.0 | ‒9.5 | ‒10.0 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| Monetary GDP | 2.0 | 13.5 | 4.9 | ‒0.3 | ‒4.4 | ‒2.4 | |||
| GDP deflator at market prices | 21.2 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 18.3 | 21.8 | 41.7 | |||
Including MK 12.0 million and MK 13.9 million for drought-related commercial and free maize imports f.o.b. for Malawians in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and excluding maize for refugees.
Including shipment costs of MK 17.4 million and MK 19.6 million for drought-related commercial and free maize in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and excluding shipment costs for maize for refugees.
Calculated as a residual.
Smallholder production less ADMARC purchases, including MK 16.8 million of drought-related free maize imports in 1992 and MK 16.5 million in 1993.
GDP less nonmonetary consumption.
Malawi: Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure at Current Market Prices, 1989–94
Including MK 92.8 million and MK 132.4 million for drought-related commercial and free maize imports f.o.b. for Malawians in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and excluding maize for refugees.
Including shipment costs of MK 148.2 million and MK 198.6 million for drought-related commercial and free maize in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and excluding shipment costs for maize for refugees.
Smallholder production less ADMARC purchases. Including drought-related free maize imports of MK 177.5 million in 1992, and MK 193.1 in 1993.
GDP less nonmonetary consumption.
GDP at current market prices less GDP at current factor cost.
Malawi: Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure at Current Market Prices, 1989–94
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of Malawi kwacha) | |||||||||
| GDP at market prices | 4,199.2 | 5,069.9 | 6,105.5 | 6,693.8 | 8,942.2 | 11,283.7 | |||
| Net exports | ‒690.6 | ‒494.7 | ‒747.6 | ‒897.6 | ‒1,054.2 | ‒301.0 | |||
| Imports of goods, f.o.b. 1/ | ‒866.5 | ‒984.2 | ‒1,185.5 | ‒1,345.6 | ‒1,443.0 | ‒1,977.4 | |||
| Imports of nonfactor services 2/ | ‒648.2 | ‒731.1 | ‒999.3 | ‒1,056.2 | ‒1,081.9 | ‒1,631.5 | |||
| Exports and re-exports of goods | 741.7 | 1,123.1 | 1,333.0 | 1,431.6 | 1,396.6 | 3,167.4 | |||
| Exports of nonfactor services | 82.4 | 97.5 | 104.2 | 72.7 | 74.1 | 140.6 | |||
| Gross domestic expenditure | 4,889.8 | 5,564.6 | 6,853.2 | 7,591.3 | 9,996.4 | 11,584.6 | |||
| Gross fixed capital formation | 699.6 | 820.0 | 1,030.0 | 1,077.0 | 890.0 | 1,243.0 | |||
| Public | 320.7 | 395.0 | 494.0 | 628.7 | 660.6 | 1,043.0 | |||
| Government | 228.8 | 245.0 | 294.0 | 394.1 | 361.9 | 700.0 | |||
| Statutory bodies | 91.9 | 150.0 | 200.0 | 234.6 | 298.7 | 343.0 | |||
| Private | 378.9 | 425.0 | 536.0 | 448.3 | 229.4 | 200.0 | |||
| Large-scale | 292.5 | 338.6 | 446.0 | 358.3 | 112.4 | 150.0 | |||
| Small-scale | 86.4 | 86.4 | 90.0 | 90.0 | 117.0 | 50.0 | |||
| Consumption | 4,001.2 | 4,594.6 | 5,623.2 | 6,581.3 | 9,237.4 | 10,101.6 | |||
| Private | 3,284.4 | 3,821.7 | 4,770.8 | 5,340.4 | 7,708.4 | 7,536.3 | |||
| Monetary | 1,598.8 | 1,997.1 | 2,559.6 | 3,096.5 | 3,804.0 | 3,747.4 | |||
| Nonmonetary 3/ | 1,685.6 | 1,824.6 | 2,211.1 | 2,244.0 | 3,904.4 | 3,788.9 | |||
| Government and statutory bodies | 716.8 | 772.9 | 852.4 | 1,240.9 | 1,529.0 | 2,565.3 | |||
| Employee compensation | 341.1 | 370.3 | 387.2 | 737.5 | 847.6 | 1,350.6 | |||
| Goods and services | 375.7 | 402.6 | 465.2 | 503.4 | 681.4 | 1,214.7 | |||
| Stockbuilding | 189.0 | 150.0 | 200.0 | 180.0 | 200.0 | 240.0 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| Monetary GDP 4/ | 2,513.6 | 3,245.3 | 3,894.4 | 4,449.8 | 5,037.8 | 7,494.8 | |||
| Net indirect taxes 5/ | 468.5 | 530.8 | 575.6 | 648.8 | 768.3 | 1,126.2 | |||
| (Share of GDP in percent) | |||||||||
| GDP at market prices | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| Net exports | ‒16.4 | ‒9.8 | ‒12.2 | ‒13.4 | ‒11.8 | ‒2.7 | |||
| Imports of goods, f.o.b. | ‒20.6 | ‒19.4 | ‒19.4 | ‒20.1 | ‒16.1 | ‒17.5 | |||
| Imports of nonfactor services | ‒15.4 | ‒14.4 | ‒16.4 | ‒15.8 | ‒12,1 | ‒14.5 | |||
| Exports and re-exports of goods | 17.7 | 22.2 | 21.8 | 21.4 | 15.6 | 28.1 | |||
| Exports of nonfactor services | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.2 | |||
| Gross domestic expenditure | 116.4 | 109.8 | 112.2 | 113.4 | 111.8 | 102.7 | |||
| Gross fixed capital formation | 16.6 | 16.1 | 16.9 | 16.2 | 10.0 | 11.0 | |||
| Public | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 7.4 | 9.2 | |||
| Government | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 6.2 | |||
| Statutory bodies | 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.0 | |||
| Private | 9.0 | 8.4 | 8.8 | 6.7 | 2.6 | 1.8 | |||
| Large-scale | 7.0 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |||
| Small-scale | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.4 | |||
| Consumption | 95.3 | 90.6 | 92.1 | 98.2 | 103.3 | 89.5 | |||
| Private | 78.2 | 75.4 | 78.1 | 79.8 | 86.2 | 66.8 | |||
| Monetary | 38.1 | 39.4 | 41.9 | 46.3 | 42.5 | 33.2 | |||
| Nonmonetary | 40.1 | 36.0 | 36.2 | 33.5 | 43.7 | 33.6 | |||
| Government and statutory bodies | 17.1 | 15.2 | 14.0 | 18.5 | 17.1 | 22.7 | |||
| Employee compensation | 8.1 | 7.3 | 6.3 | 11.0 | 9.5 | 12.0 | |||
| Goods and services | 8.9 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 10.8 | |||
| Stockbuilding | 4.5 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| Monetary GDP | 59.9 | 64.0 | 63.8 | 66.5 | 56.3 | 66.4 | |||
| Net indirect taxes | 11.2 | 10.5 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 10.0 | |||
Including MK 92.8 million and MK 132.4 million for drought-related commercial and free maize imports f.o.b. for Malawians in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and excluding maize for refugees.
Including shipment costs of MK 148.2 million and MK 198.6 million for drought-related commercial and free maize in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and excluding shipment costs for maize for refugees.
Smallholder production less ADMARC purchases. Including drought-related free maize imports of MK 177.5 million in 1992, and MK 193.1 in 1993.
GDP less nonmonetary consumption.
GDP at current market prices less GDP at current factor cost.
Malawi: Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure at Current Market Prices, 1989–94
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of Malawi kwacha) | |||||||||
| GDP at market prices | 4,199.2 | 5,069.9 | 6,105.5 | 6,693.8 | 8,942.2 | 11,283.7 | |||
| Net exports | ‒690.6 | ‒494.7 | ‒747.6 | ‒897.6 | ‒1,054.2 | ‒301.0 | |||
| Imports of goods, f.o.b. 1/ | ‒866.5 | ‒984.2 | ‒1,185.5 | ‒1,345.6 | ‒1,443.0 | ‒1,977.4 | |||
| Imports of nonfactor services 2/ | ‒648.2 | ‒731.1 | ‒999.3 | ‒1,056.2 | ‒1,081.9 | ‒1,631.5 | |||
| Exports and re-exports of goods | 741.7 | 1,123.1 | 1,333.0 | 1,431.6 | 1,396.6 | 3,167.4 | |||
| Exports of nonfactor services | 82.4 | 97.5 | 104.2 | 72.7 | 74.1 | 140.6 | |||
| Gross domestic expenditure | 4,889.8 | 5,564.6 | 6,853.2 | 7,591.3 | 9,996.4 | 11,584.6 | |||
| Gross fixed capital formation | 699.6 | 820.0 | 1,030.0 | 1,077.0 | 890.0 | 1,243.0 | |||
| Public | 320.7 | 395.0 | 494.0 | 628.7 | 660.6 | 1,043.0 | |||
| Government | 228.8 | 245.0 | 294.0 | 394.1 | 361.9 | 700.0 | |||
| Statutory bodies | 91.9 | 150.0 | 200.0 | 234.6 | 298.7 | 343.0 | |||
| Private | 378.9 | 425.0 | 536.0 | 448.3 | 229.4 | 200.0 | |||
| Large-scale | 292.5 | 338.6 | 446.0 | 358.3 | 112.4 | 150.0 | |||
| Small-scale | 86.4 | 86.4 | 90.0 | 90.0 | 117.0 | 50.0 | |||
| Consumption | 4,001.2 | 4,594.6 | 5,623.2 | 6,581.3 | 9,237.4 | 10,101.6 | |||
| Private | 3,284.4 | 3,821.7 | 4,770.8 | 5,340.4 | 7,708.4 | 7,536.3 | |||
| Monetary | 1,598.8 | 1,997.1 | 2,559.6 | 3,096.5 | 3,804.0 | 3,747.4 | |||
| Nonmonetary 3/ | 1,685.6 | 1,824.6 | 2,211.1 | 2,244.0 | 3,904.4 | 3,788.9 | |||
| Government and statutory bodies | 716.8 | 772.9 | 852.4 | 1,240.9 | 1,529.0 | 2,565.3 | |||
| Employee compensation | 341.1 | 370.3 | 387.2 | 737.5 | 847.6 | 1,350.6 | |||
| Goods and services | 375.7 | 402.6 | 465.2 | 503.4 | 681.4 | 1,214.7 | |||
| Stockbuilding | 189.0 | 150.0 | 200.0 | 180.0 | 200.0 | 240.0 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| Monetary GDP 4/ | 2,513.6 | 3,245.3 | 3,894.4 | 4,449.8 | 5,037.8 | 7,494.8 | |||
| Net indirect taxes 5/ | 468.5 | 530.8 | 575.6 | 648.8 | 768.3 | 1,126.2 | |||
| (Share of GDP in percent) | |||||||||
| GDP at market prices | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| Net exports | ‒16.4 | ‒9.8 | ‒12.2 | ‒13.4 | ‒11.8 | ‒2.7 | |||
| Imports of goods, f.o.b. | ‒20.6 | ‒19.4 | ‒19.4 | ‒20.1 | ‒16.1 | ‒17.5 | |||
| Imports of nonfactor services | ‒15.4 | ‒14.4 | ‒16.4 | ‒15.8 | ‒12,1 | ‒14.5 | |||
| Exports and re-exports of goods | 17.7 | 22.2 | 21.8 | 21.4 | 15.6 | 28.1 | |||
| Exports of nonfactor services | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.2 | |||
| Gross domestic expenditure | 116.4 | 109.8 | 112.2 | 113.4 | 111.8 | 102.7 | |||
| Gross fixed capital formation | 16.6 | 16.1 | 16.9 | 16.2 | 10.0 | 11.0 | |||
| Public | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 7.4 | 9.2 | |||
| Government | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 6.2 | |||
| Statutory bodies | 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.0 | |||
| Private | 9.0 | 8.4 | 8.8 | 6.7 | 2.6 | 1.8 | |||
| Large-scale | 7.0 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |||
| Small-scale | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.4 | |||
| Consumption | 95.3 | 90.6 | 92.1 | 98.2 | 103.3 | 89.5 | |||
| Private | 78.2 | 75.4 | 78.1 | 79.8 | 86.2 | 66.8 | |||
| Monetary | 38.1 | 39.4 | 41.9 | 46.3 | 42.5 | 33.2 | |||
| Nonmonetary | 40.1 | 36.0 | 36.2 | 33.5 | 43.7 | 33.6 | |||
| Government and statutory bodies | 17.1 | 15.2 | 14.0 | 18.5 | 17.1 | 22.7 | |||
| Employee compensation | 8.1 | 7.3 | 6.3 | 11.0 | 9.5 | 12.0 | |||
| Goods and services | 8.9 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 10.8 | |||
| Stockbuilding | 4.5 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| Monetary GDP | 59.9 | 64.0 | 63.8 | 66.5 | 56.3 | 66.4 | |||
| Net indirect taxes | 11.2 | 10.5 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 10.0 | |||
Including MK 92.8 million and MK 132.4 million for drought-related commercial and free maize imports f.o.b. for Malawians in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and excluding maize for refugees.
Including shipment costs of MK 148.2 million and MK 198.6 million for drought-related commercial and free maize in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and excluding shipment costs for maize for refugees.
Smallholder production less ADMARC purchases. Including drought-related free maize imports of MK 177.5 million in 1992, and MK 193.1 in 1993.
GDP less nonmonetary consumption.
GDP at current market prices less GDP at current factor cost.
Malawi: Saving and Investment, 1989–94
Current account deficit excluding official transfers.
Malawi: Saving and Investment, 1989–94
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of Malawi kwacha) | |||||||||
| National saving | 302.0 | 575.3 | 492.8 | 21.3 | ‒348.0 | 935.4 | |||
| Domestic saving | 198.0 | 475.3 | 482.4 | 112.4 | ‒295.2 | 1,182.0 | |||
| Net factor income | ‒137.6 | ‒118.2 | ‒130.4 | ‒140.5 | ‒184.0 | ‒405.3 | |||
| Net private transfers | 241.6 | 218.2 | 140.8 | 49.4 | 131.2 | 158.7 | |||
| Foreign saving 1/ | 586.6 | 394.7 | 737.2 | 1,235.7 | 1,438.0 | 547.6 | |||
| Gross investment | 888.6 | 970.0 | 1,230.0 | 1,257.0 | 1,090.0 | 1,483.0 | |||
| Fixed capital formation | 699.6 | 820.0 | 1,030.0 | 1,077.0 | 890.0 | 1,243.0 | |||
| Public | 320.7 | 395.0 | 494.0 | 628.7 | 660.6 | 1,043.0 | |||
| Government | 228.8 | 245.0 | 294.0 | 394.1 | 361.9 | 700.0 | |||
| Statutory bodies | 91.9 | 150.0 | 200.0 | 234.6 | 298.7 | 343.0 | |||
| Private | 378.9 | 425.0 | 536.0 | 448.3 | 229.4 | 200.0 | |||
| Large-scale | 292.5 | 338.6 | 446.0 | 358.3 | 112.4 | 150.0 | |||
| Small-scale | 86.4 | 86.4 | 90.0 | 90.0 | 117.0 | 50.0 | |||
| Stock building | 189.0 | 150.0 | 200.0 | 180.0 | 200.0 | 240.0 | |||
| (In percent of GDP at market prices) | |||||||||
| National saving | 7.2 | 11.3 | 8.1 | 0.3 | ‒3.9 | 8.3 | |||
| Domestic saving | 4.7 | 9.4 | 7.9 | 1.7 | ‒3.3 | 10.5 | |||
| Net factor income | ‒3.3 | ‒2.3 | ‒2.1 | ‒2.1 | ‒2.1 | ‒3.6 | |||
| Net private transfers | 5.8 | 4.3 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 | |||
| Foreign saving 1/ | 14.0 | 7.8 | 12.1 | 18.5 | 16.1 | 4.9 | |||
| Gross investment | 21.2 | 19.1 | 20.0 | 18.8 | 12.2 | 13.1 | |||
| Fixed capital formation | 16.7 | 16.1 | 16.8 | 16.2 | 10.0 | 11.0 | |||
| Public | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 7.4 | 9.2 | |||
| Government | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 6.2 | |||
| Statutory bodies | 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.0 | |||
| Private | 9.0 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 6.7 | 2.6 | 1.8 | |||
| Large-scale | 7.0 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |||
| Small-scale | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.4 | |||
| Stockbuilding | 4.5 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| GDP at market prices (in millions of Kwacha) | 4,199.2 | 5,069.9 | 6,105.5 | 6,693.8 | 8,942.2 | 11,283.7 | |||
| National saving/investment (in percent) | 34.0 | 59.3 | 40.1 | 1.7 | ‒31.9 | 63.1 | |||
| Foreign saving/investment (in percent) | 66.0 | 40.7 | 59.9 | 98.3 | 131.9 | 36.9 | |||
Current account deficit excluding official transfers.
Malawi: Saving and Investment, 1989–94
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions of Malawi kwacha) | |||||||||
| National saving | 302.0 | 575.3 | 492.8 | 21.3 | ‒348.0 | 935.4 | |||
| Domestic saving | 198.0 | 475.3 | 482.4 | 112.4 | ‒295.2 | 1,182.0 | |||
| Net factor income | ‒137.6 | ‒118.2 | ‒130.4 | ‒140.5 | ‒184.0 | ‒405.3 | |||
| Net private transfers | 241.6 | 218.2 | 140.8 | 49.4 | 131.2 | 158.7 | |||
| Foreign saving 1/ | 586.6 | 394.7 | 737.2 | 1,235.7 | 1,438.0 | 547.6 | |||
| Gross investment | 888.6 | 970.0 | 1,230.0 | 1,257.0 | 1,090.0 | 1,483.0 | |||
| Fixed capital formation | 699.6 | 820.0 | 1,030.0 | 1,077.0 | 890.0 | 1,243.0 | |||
| Public | 320.7 | 395.0 | 494.0 | 628.7 | 660.6 | 1,043.0 | |||
| Government | 228.8 | 245.0 | 294.0 | 394.1 | 361.9 | 700.0 | |||
| Statutory bodies | 91.9 | 150.0 | 200.0 | 234.6 | 298.7 | 343.0 | |||
| Private | 378.9 | 425.0 | 536.0 | 448.3 | 229.4 | 200.0 | |||
| Large-scale | 292.5 | 338.6 | 446.0 | 358.3 | 112.4 | 150.0 | |||
| Small-scale | 86.4 | 86.4 | 90.0 | 90.0 | 117.0 | 50.0 | |||
| Stock building | 189.0 | 150.0 | 200.0 | 180.0 | 200.0 | 240.0 | |||
| (In percent of GDP at market prices) | |||||||||
| National saving | 7.2 | 11.3 | 8.1 | 0.3 | ‒3.9 | 8.3 | |||
| Domestic saving | 4.7 | 9.4 | 7.9 | 1.7 | ‒3.3 | 10.5 | |||
| Net factor income | ‒3.3 | ‒2.3 | ‒2.1 | ‒2.1 | ‒2.1 | ‒3.6 | |||
| Net private transfers | 5.8 | 4.3 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 | |||
| Foreign saving 1/ | 14.0 | 7.8 | 12.1 | 18.5 | 16.1 | 4.9 | |||
| Gross investment | 21.2 | 19.1 | 20.0 | 18.8 | 12.2 | 13.1 | |||
| Fixed capital formation | 16.7 | 16.1 | 16.8 | 16.2 | 10.0 | 11.0 | |||
| Public | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 7.4 | 9.2 | |||
| Government | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 6.2 | |||
| Statutory bodies | 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.0 | |||
| Private | 9.0 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 6.7 | 2.6 | 1.8 | |||
| Large-scale | 7.0 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |||
| Small-scale | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.4 | |||
| Stockbuilding | 4.5 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | |||
| Memorandum items: | |||||||||
| GDP at market prices (in millions of Kwacha) | 4,199.2 | 5,069.9 | 6,105.5 | 6,693.8 | 8,942.2 | 11,283.7 | |||
| National saving/investment (in percent) | 34.0 | 59.3 | 40.1 | 1.7 | ‒31.9 | 63.1 | |||
| Foreign saving/investment (in percent) | 66.0 | 40.7 | 59.9 | 98.3 | 131.9 | 36.9 | |||
Current account deficit excluding official transfers.
Malawi: Marketed Production of Principal Crops, 1989–94
(In thousands of metric tons)
Malawi: Marketed Production of Principal Crops, 1989–94
(In thousands of metric tons)
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco (auction sales) | 86.3 | 101.0 | 113.4 | 127.2 | 130.4 | 97.6 | ||
| Flue-cured | 19.8 | 21.8 | 23.9 | 24.4 | 24.6 | 20.7 | ||
| Fire-cured | 4.9 | 13.8 | 17.7 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 5.1 | ||
| Northern division | 4.6 | 13.4 | 17.2 | 8.1 | 3.4 | 4.7 | ||
| Southern division | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | ||
| Burley | 61.2 | 64.0 | 70.1 | 93.5 | 101.6 | 71.3 | ||
| Other | 0.4 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.5 | ||
| Tea | 39.5 | 38.9 | 40.5 | 28.1 | 39.5 | 35.0 | ||
| Sugar | 162.3 | 189.3 | 191.1 | 200.4 | 128.8 | 196.4 | ||
| Maize | 233.1 | 200.7 | 575.2 | 168.0 | 378.0 | 63.0 | ||
| Groundnuts | 0.6 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | ||
| Cotton | 28.3 | 32.0 | 71.0 | 28.0 | 35.0 | 5.0 | ||
| Rice | 10.2 | 7.9 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 13.0 | 6.0 | ||
| General produce | 6.8 | 17.0 | … | … | … | … | ||
| Of which: pulses | (5.6) | (14.3) | (24.0) | (11.0) | (14.0) | (6.0) | ||
| Memorandum item: | ||||||||
| ADMARC purchases of tobacco | 5.8 | 16.9 | 25.8 | 14.6 | 18.0 | 5.9 | ||
Malawi: Marketed Production of Principal Crops, 1989–94
(In thousands of metric tons)
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco (auction sales) | 86.3 | 101.0 | 113.4 | 127.2 | 130.4 | 97.6 | ||
| Flue-cured | 19.8 | 21.8 | 23.9 | 24.4 | 24.6 | 20.7 | ||
| Fire-cured | 4.9 | 13.8 | 17.7 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 5.1 | ||
| Northern division | 4.6 | 13.4 | 17.2 | 8.1 | 3.4 | 4.7 | ||
| Southern division | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | ||
| Burley | 61.2 | 64.0 | 70.1 | 93.5 | 101.6 | 71.3 | ||
| Other | 0.4 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.5 | ||
| Tea | 39.5 | 38.9 | 40.5 | 28.1 | 39.5 | 35.0 | ||
| Sugar | 162.3 | 189.3 | 191.1 | 200.4 | 128.8 | 196.4 | ||
| Maize | 233.1 | 200.7 | 575.2 | 168.0 | 378.0 | 63.0 | ||
| Groundnuts | 0.6 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | ||
| Cotton | 28.3 | 32.0 | 71.0 | 28.0 | 35.0 | 5.0 | ||
| Rice | 10.2 | 7.9 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 13.0 | 6.0 | ||
| General produce | 6.8 | 17.0 | … | … | … | … | ||
| Of which: pulses | (5.6) | (14.3) | (24.0) | (11.0) | (14.0) | (6.0) | ||
| Memorandum item: | ||||||||
| ADMARC purchases of tobacco | 5.8 | 16.9 | 25.8 | 14.6 | 18.0 | 5.9 | ||
Malawi: Average Auction Prices for Tobacco and Tea, 1989–94
(In Malawi kwacha per metric ton)
Weighted average of auction prices in Lilongwe and Limbe.
Weighted average of London auction prices for Malawian tea.
Malawi: Average Auction Prices for Tobacco and Tea, 1989–94
(In Malawi kwacha per metric ton)
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco 1/ | 4,814 | 5,373 | 6,583 | 6,117 | 4,956 | 9,593 | ||
| Flue-cured | 5,029 | 6,482 | 7,958 | 7,182 | 5,830 | 11,161 | ||
| Fire-cured | 6,909 | 4,232 | 3,682 | 3,455 | 4,069 | 13,595 | ||
| Northern division | 6,945 | 4,727 | 4,163 | 3,630 | 2,623 | 14,925 | ||
| Southern division | 6,299 | 3,736 | 3,201 | 3,279 | 5,314 | 12,265 | ||
| Burley | 3,700 | 5,183 | 6,824 | 6,481 | 4,889 | 9,365 | ||
| Sun/air-cured | … | 5,053 | 3,823 | 3,676 | 6,151 | 12,686 | ||
| Tea | ||||||||
| London auction 2/ | ||||||||
| Pence sterling per kg | 98 | 80 | 77 | 85 | 97 | 99 | ||
| Tambala per kg | 442 | 389 | 372 | 248 | … | … | ||
| Malawi auction | ||||||||
| Tambala per kg | 268 | 263 | 282 | 314 | 433 | 713 | ||
Weighted average of auction prices in Lilongwe and Limbe.
Weighted average of London auction prices for Malawian tea.
Malawi: Average Auction Prices for Tobacco and Tea, 1989–94
(In Malawi kwacha per metric ton)
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco 1/ | 4,814 | 5,373 | 6,583 | 6,117 | 4,956 | 9,593 | ||
| Flue-cured | 5,029 | 6,482 | 7,958 | 7,182 | 5,830 | 11,161 | ||
| Fire-cured | 6,909 | 4,232 | 3,682 | 3,455 | 4,069 | 13,595 | ||
| Northern division | 6,945 | 4,727 | 4,163 | 3,630 | 2,623 | 14,925 | ||
| Southern division | 6,299 | 3,736 | 3,201 | 3,279 | 5,314 | 12,265 | ||
| Burley | 3,700 | 5,183 | 6,824 | 6,481 | 4,889 | 9,365 | ||
| Sun/air-cured | … | 5,053 | 3,823 | 3,676 | 6,151 | 12,686 | ||
| Tea | ||||||||
| London auction 2/ | ||||||||
| Pence sterling per kg | 98 | 80 | 77 | 85 | 97 | 99 | ||
| Tambala per kg | 442 | 389 | 372 | 248 | … | … | ||
| Malawi auction | ||||||||
| Tambala per kg | 268 | 263 | 282 | 314 | 433 | 713 | ||
Weighted average of auction prices in Lilongwe and Limbe.
Weighted average of London auction prices for Malawian tea.
Malawi: Selected ADMARC Producer Prices, 1989–94
(In Malawi kwacha per metric ton)
Beginning April; prices are announced around October of the previous year.
Malawi: Selected ADMARC Producer Prices, 1989–94
(In Malawi kwacha per metric ton)
| Crop year 1/ | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cotton (Grade A) | 770 | 810 | 860 | 900 | 920 | 1,000 | |
| Groundnuts (Grade A) | 850 | 950 | 1000 | 1,120 | 1,500 | 1,980 | |
| Macadamia nuts (Grade I) | 1,000 | 2,000 | 2,500 | … | … | … | |
| Maize | 240 | 260 | 270 | 297 | 430 | 470 | |
| Rice (Grade 1) | 300 | 350 | 370 | 390 | 470 | 900 | |
| Soybean | 470 | 600 | 650 | 650 | 650 | 700 | |
| Sunflower (grey stripe, white) | 350 | 500 | 540 | … | … | … | |
| Tobacco | |||||||
| Northern Division Dark Fired (Grade G2) | 1,210 | 1,574 | 1,696 | 1,696 | 1,696 | 1,696 | |
| Southern Division Dark Fired (Grade S2) | 1,980 | 2,174 | 2,174 | 2,174 | 2,174 | 2,214 | |
Beginning April; prices are announced around October of the previous year.
Malawi: Selected ADMARC Producer Prices, 1989–94
(In Malawi kwacha per metric ton)
| Crop year 1/ | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cotton (Grade A) | 770 | 810 | 860 | 900 | 920 | 1,000 | |
| Groundnuts (Grade A) | 850 | 950 | 1000 | 1,120 | 1,500 | 1,980 | |
| Macadamia nuts (Grade I) | 1,000 | 2,000 | 2,500 | … | … | … | |
| Maize | 240 | 260 | 270 | 297 | 430 | 470 | |
| Rice (Grade 1) | 300 | 350 | 370 | 390 | 470 | 900 | |
| Soybean | 470 | 600 | 650 | 650 | 650 | 700 | |
| Sunflower (grey stripe, white) | 350 | 500 | 540 | … | … | … | |
| Tobacco | |||||||
| Northern Division Dark Fired (Grade G2) | 1,210 | 1,574 | 1,696 | 1,696 | 1,696 | 1,696 | |
| Southern Division Dark Fired (Grade S2) | 1,980 | 2,174 | 2,174 | 2,174 | 2,174 | 2,214 | |
Beginning April; prices are announced around October of the previous year.
Malawi: Index of Industrial Production, 1989–94 1/
(1984 = 100)
The index is based on the monthly production of about 50 firms, each with over 100 employees. These firms account for approximately 75 percent of the net output of all manufacturing firms with 20 or more employees, and for over 60 percent of the total monetary net output of the manufacturing sector.
The indices for 1994 are based on data between January and September.
Malawi: Index of Industrial Production, 1989–94 1/
(1984 = 100)
| Weight | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. 2/ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total production | 100.0 | 115.8 | 131.8 | 138.6 | 137.0 | 128.1 | 126.1 | |||
| Total manufacturing | 86.0 | 113.4 | 129.5 | 136.0 | 132.4 | 121.8 | 117.8 | |||
| Domestic goods | 63.0 | 120.1 | 133.8 | 140.7 | 138.1 | 123.6 | 120.9 | |||
| Consumer goods | 45.0 | 122.8 | 136.9 | 146.8 | 142.9 | 131.5 | 133.4 | |||
| Food, beverages, and tobacco | 13.0 | 152.1 | 162.5 | 150.0 | 158.8 | 162.0 | 172.4 | |||
| Footwear, clothing, and textiles | 9.0 | 66.4 | 76.8 | 114.7 | 99.4 | 79.5 | 77.0 | |||
| Other | 23.0 | 128.3 | 146.0 | 157.5 | 151.0 | 122.6 | 150.2 | |||
| Products for building and construction | 18.0 | 113.3 | 126.0 | 125.4 | 126.2 | 103.8 | 89.9 | |||
| Export goods | 23.0 | 95.1 | 117.8 | 123.4 | 126.2 | 116.6 | 109.2 | |||
| Electricity and water | 14.0 | 130.8 | 145.5 | 154.0 | 116.6 | 164.0 | 176.8 | |||
The index is based on the monthly production of about 50 firms, each with over 100 employees. These firms account for approximately 75 percent of the net output of all manufacturing firms with 20 or more employees, and for over 60 percent of the total monetary net output of the manufacturing sector.
The indices for 1994 are based on data between January and September.
Malawi: Index of Industrial Production, 1989–94 1/
(1984 = 100)
| Weight | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Prel. 2/ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total production | 100.0 | 115.8 | 131.8 | 138.6 | 137.0 | 128.1 | 126.1 | |||
| Total manufacturing | 86.0 | 113.4 | 129.5 | 136.0 | 132.4 | 121.8 | 117.8 | |||
| Domestic goods | 63.0 | 120.1 | 133.8 | 140.7 | 138.1 | 123.6 | 120.9 | |||
| Consumer goods | 45.0 | 122.8 | 136.9 | 146.8 | 142.9 | 131.5 | 133.4 | |||
| Food, beverages, and tobacco | 13.0 | 152.1 | 162.5 | 150.0 | 158.8 | 162.0 | 172.4 | |||
| Footwear, clothing, and textiles | 9.0 | 66.4 | 76.8 | 114.7 | 99.4 | 79.5 | 77.0 | |||
| Other | 23.0 | 128.3 | 146.0 | 157.5 | 151.0 | 122.6 | 150.2 | |||
| Products for building and construction | 18.0 | 113.3 | 126.0 | 125.4 | 126.2 | 103.8 | 89.9 | |||
| Export goods | 23.0 | 95.1 | 117.8 | 123.4 | 126.2 | 116.6 | 109.2 | |||
| Electricity and water | 14.0 | 130.8 | 145.5 | 154.0 | 116.6 | 164.0 | 176.8 | |||
The index is based on the monthly production of about 50 firms, each with over 100 employees. These firms account for approximately 75 percent of the net output of all manufacturing firms with 20 or more employees, and for over 60 percent of the total monetary net output of the manufacturing sector.
The indices for 1994 are based on data between January and September.
Malawi: Wage Employment and Average Monthly Earnings by Sector, 1989–92 1/
Average of end-quarter levels.
Increased to MK 2.60, effective May 1, 1992.
Malawi: Wage Employment and Average Monthly Earnings by Sector, 1989–92 1/
| Wage Employment | Average Monthly Earnings | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | |||
| (In thousands: at year-end) | (In Malawi kwacha per worker) | |||||||||
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing | 213.1 | 207.8 | 296.8 | 255.9 | 37.3 | 40.4 | 41.4 | 67.0 | ||
| Mining and quarrying | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 46.7 | 54.4 | 101.6 | 86.0 | ||
| Manufacturing | 55.3 | 63.4 | 76.4 | 85.6 | 147.0 | 156.9 | 167.8 | 138.2 | ||
| Electricity and water | 4.9 | 5.0 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 149.9 | 213.3 | 269.2 | 138.8 | ||
| Building and construction | 34.6 | 43.6 | 44.4 | 49.6 | 80.3 | 83.4 | 109.2 | 91.3 | ||
| Wholesale, retail trade, hotels, and restaurants | 25.1 | 25.7 | 28.5 | 27.6 | 183.2 | 213.6 | 261.4 | 351.2 | ||
| Transport, storage, and communications | 20.2 | 25.3 | 21.9 | 21.3 | 171.5 | 172.9 | 177.7 | 174.3 | ||
| Financing, insurance, and business services | 14.7 | 15.6 | 16.8 | 18.4 | 412.9 | 431.2 | 508.1 | 658.8 | ||
| Community, social, and personal services | 65.7 | 80.2 | 74.9 | 78.2 | 149.6 | 158.9 | 189.6 | 180.8 | ||
| All industries | 433.8 | 467.1 | 567.5 | 627.5 | 100.4 | 112.2 | 119.4 | 115.3 | ||
| Government | 86.7 | 98.5 | 97.6 | 101.7 | 107.8 | 121.3 | 123.3 | 129.8 | ||
| Private | 347.1 | 368.6 | 469.9 | 523.9 | 98.5 | 109.6 | 118.4 | 269.2 | ||
| Memorandum item: | ||||||||||
| Minimum wage in Blantyre and Lilongwe (Malawi kwacha per day; end of period) 2/ | … | … | … | … | 2.2 | 2.2 | … | … | ||
Average of end-quarter levels.
Increased to MK 2.60, effective May 1, 1992.
Malawi: Wage Employment and Average Monthly Earnings by Sector, 1989–92 1/
| Wage Employment | Average Monthly Earnings | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | |||
| (In thousands: at year-end) | (In Malawi kwacha per worker) | |||||||||
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing | 213.1 | 207.8 | 296.8 | 255.9 | 37.3 | 40.4 | 41.4 | 67.0 | ||
| Mining and quarrying | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 46.7 | 54.4 | 101.6 | 86.0 | ||
| Manufacturing | 55.3 | 63.4 | 76.4 | 85.6 | 147.0 | 156.9 | 167.8 | 138.2 | ||
| Electricity and water | 4.9 | 5.0 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 149.9 | 213.3 | 269.2 | 138.8 | ||
| Building and construction | 34.6 | 43.6 | 44.4 | 49.6 | 80.3 | 83.4 | 109.2 | 91.3 | ||
| Wholesale, retail trade, hotels, and restaurants | 25.1 | 25.7 | 28.5 | 27.6 | 183.2 | 213.6 | 261.4 | 351.2 | ||
| Transport, storage, and communications | 20.2 | 25.3 | 21.9 | 21.3 | 171.5 | 172.9 | 177.7 | 174.3 | ||
| Financing, insurance, and business services | 14.7 | 15.6 | 16.8 | 18.4 | 412.9 | 431.2 | 508.1 | 658.8 | ||
| Community, social, and personal services | 65.7 | 80.2 | 74.9 | 78.2 | 149.6 | 158.9 | 189.6 | 180.8 | ||
| All industries | 433.8 | 467.1 | 567.5 | 627.5 | 100.4 | 112.2 | 119.4 | 115.3 | ||
| Government | 86.7 | 98.5 | 97.6 | 101.7 | 107.8 | 121.3 | 123.3 | 129.8 | ||
| Private | 347.1 | 368.6 | 469.9 | 523.9 | 98.5 | 109.6 | 118.4 | 269.2 | ||
| Memorandum item: | ||||||||||
| Minimum wage in Blantyre and Lilongwe (Malawi kwacha per day; end of period) 2/ | … | … | … | … | 2.2 | 2.2 | … | … | ||
Average of end-quarter levels.
Increased to MK 2.60, effective May 1, 1992.
Malawi: Composite Retail Price Index, January 1988-February 1995 1/
Since January 1992, the composite CPI, which previously covered the lower, middle, and high income groups in Blantyre and Lilongwe, has been linked to the National Composite Price Index.
Malawi: Composite Retail Price Index, January 1988-February 1995 1/
| Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Average | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Composite index. 1980=100) | |||||||||||||
| 1988 | 296.4 | 306.8 | 317.8 | 326.3 | 331.1 | 335.7 | 343.6 | 350.3 | 353.8 | 359.0 | 364.7 | 369.2 | 337.9 |
| 1989 | 374.5 | 378.8 | 384.4 | 383.7 | 385.0 | 385.3 | 387.7 | 391.2 | 389.2 | 389.5 | 394.8 | 396.9 | 386.8 |
| 1990 | 408.3 | 414.3 | 421.4 | 423.4 | 425.7 | 428.9 | 434.4 | 437.1 | 439.6 | 443.1 | 447.1 | 452.5 | 431.3 |
| 1991 | 456.6 | 460.1 | 461.8 | 467.5 | 467.9 | 471.4 | 478.4 | 477.1 | 478.9 | 487.2 | 488.1 | 490.3 | 481.3 |
| 1992 | 509.1 | 527.0 | 528.8 | 540.6 | 559.0 | 552.0 | 587.0 | 606.3 | 627.3 | 641.7 | 660.5 | 667.1 | 583.9 |
| 1993 | 682.4 | 696.4 | 702.1 | 699.1 | 694.7 | 687.2 | 682.0 | 703.1 | 732.6 | 753.1 | 778.0 | 798.8 | 716.7 |
| 1994 | 821.0 | 856.6 | 884.7 | 892.7 | 894.1 | 878.3 | 878.4 | 906.3 | 977.3 | 1,084.5 | 1,195.0 | 1,311.1 | 965.0 |
| 1995 | 1,412.6 | 1,489.6 | |||||||||||
| (Twelve-month and annual percentage change) | |||||||||||||
| 1988 | 37.1 | 35.7 | 33.4 | 31.4 | 30.6 | 28.6 | 28.3 | 29.2 | 29.2 | 29.7 | 28.7 | 28.0 | 30.6 |
| 1989 | 26.4 | 23.5 | 21.0 | 17.6 | 16.3 | 14.8 | 12.8 | 11.7 | 10.0 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 14.5 |
| 1990 | 9.0 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 13.0 | 13.8 | 13.2 | 14.0 | 11.5 |
| 1991 | 11.8 | 11.0 | 9.6 | 7.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 11.6 |
| 1992 | 11.5 | 14.6 | 14.5 | 18.4 | 19.5 | 17.1 | 22.7 | 27.1 | 31.0 | 31.7 | 35.3 | 36.1 | 21.3 |
| 1993 | 34.0 | 32.1 | 32.8 | 29.3 | 24.3 | 24.5 | 16.2 | 16.0 | 16.8 | 17.4 | 17.8 | 18.4 | 22.8 |
| 1994 | 20.3 | 23.0 | 26.0 | 27.7 | 28.7 | 27.8 | 28.8 | 28.9 | 33.4 | 44.0 | 53.6 | 66.0 | 34.6 |
| 1995 | 72.1 | 73.9 | |||||||||||
| (Monthly change) | |||||||||||||
| 1988 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 2.1 |
| 1989 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.5 | ‒0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.9 | ‒0.5 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| 1990 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| 1991 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.5 | ‒0.3 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
| 1992 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 3.4 | ‒1.3 | 6.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 2.6 |
| 1993 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 0.8 | ‒0.4 | ‒0.6 | ‒1.1 | ‒0.8 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
| 1994 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 0.2 | ‒1.8 | — | 3.2 | 7.8 | 11.0 | 10.2 | 9.7 | 4.4 |
| 1995 | 7.7 | 5.5 | |||||||||||
Since January 1992, the composite CPI, which previously covered the lower, middle, and high income groups in Blantyre and Lilongwe, has been linked to the National Composite Price Index.
Malawi: Composite Retail Price Index, January 1988-February 1995 1/
| Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Average | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Composite index. 1980=100) | |||||||||||||
| 1988 | 296.4 | 306.8 | 317.8 | 326.3 | 331.1 | 335.7 | 343.6 | 350.3 | 353.8 | 359.0 | 364.7 | 369.2 | 337.9 |
| 1989 | 374.5 | 378.8 | 384.4 | 383.7 | 385.0 | 385.3 | 387.7 | 391.2 | 389.2 | 389.5 | 394.8 | 396.9 | 386.8 |
| 1990 | 408.3 | 414.3 | 421.4 | 423.4 | 425.7 | 428.9 | 434.4 | 437.1 | 439.6 | 443.1 | 447.1 | 452.5 | 431.3 |
| 1991 | 456.6 | 460.1 | 461.8 | 467.5 | 467.9 | 471.4 | 478.4 | 477.1 | 478.9 | 487.2 | 488.1 | 490.3 | 481.3 |
| 1992 | 509.1 | 527.0 | 528.8 | 540.6 | 559.0 | 552.0 | 587.0 | 606.3 | 627.3 | 641.7 | 660.5 | 667.1 | 583.9 |
| 1993 | 682.4 | 696.4 | 702.1 | 699.1 | 694.7 | 687.2 | 682.0 | 703.1 | 732.6 | 753.1 | 778.0 | 798.8 | 716.7 |
| 1994 | 821.0 | 856.6 | 884.7 | 892.7 | 894.1 | 878.3 | 878.4 | ||||||