Front Matter Page
African Department
Contents
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. RELATED LITERATURE
A. Formal vs Informal Financial Inclusion, Mobile Banking
B. Monetary and Financial Sector Policies and Financial Inclusion
III. KEY STYLIZED FACTS OF FORMAL VS. INFORMAL FINANCIAL ACCESS
A. Defining Formal and Informal Financial Access
B. Stylized Facts
IV. WHAT DRIVES THE TYPES OF FINANCIAL ACCESS?
A. Empirical Strategy
B. Choice of Explanatory Variables
C. Results
V. CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
REFERENCES
FIGURES
1. Financial Inclusion Around the World
2. Financial Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa
3. Decomposing Mobile Financial Access
4. Savings and Borrowing: 2014 vs 2017, by Region
5. Payments and Transfers: 2014 vs 2017
6. Financial Inclusion by Individual Characteristics: 2017
7. Average Number of Macroprudential Tools
8. Margin Plots of Baseline Multinomial Logit Regressions
TABLES
1. Multinomial Logit Regressions with Baseline Controls
2. Multinomial Logit Adding Financial and Monetary Variables
3. Simple Logit Regression on Mobile Banking Access
4. Multinomial Logit Regressions with Baseline Controls—Borrowing and Saving
5. Adding Financial and Monetary Variables—Borrowing and Saving
6. Multinomial Logit Regressions—Macroprudential Policy Tightening (iMaPP)
7. Multinomial Logit Regressions—Financial and Monetary Variables—by Level of Financial Development
8. Multinomial Logit Regressions—Financial and Monetary Variables—Interaction with Personal Characteristics
APPENDIX TABLES
1. Findex Questionnaire Mapping to Index
2. Variables’ Definition and Data Sources
3. Variables’ Mean and Standard Deviation
4. List of Countries in the Database