Front Matter Page
Fiscal Affairs Department
Contents
Abstract
I. Introduction
II. Analytical Framework
A. Assessing Efficiency and Equality
B. Identifying Sources of Inefficiencies and Inequality
C. Designing an Effective Reform Strategy
III. Moldova’s Educational System and Recent Reforms
IV. Assessing Efficiency of the Education Sector
A. Total Spending Level and Composition
B. Wage Premiums in the Education Sector
C. Early Childhood Education
D. Primary and Secondary Education
E. University and Post-Secondary Vocational Education
V. Assessing Equity In Education
VI. Designing an Effective Reform Strategy
A. Early Childhood Education
B. Primary and Secondary Education
C. Tertiary and Post-Secondary Vocational Education
D. General Reforms to Improve Efficiency and Equity
VII. Conclusion
References
Tables
1. Public Education Spending on Education
2. Moldova: Ratio of Students Who Passed the BAC Exams
3. Enrollment Rates by Family Income
4. Enrollment Rates of Budgetary and Contractual Students in Vocational Colleges
5. An Illustrative Reform Plan to Reduce Employment in General Education
6. Illustrative Education Sector Reforms and Their Fiscal Impacts
Figures
1. Public Education Spending and School Enrollment: 1990–2015
2. Disparities in Access to Education and Test Scores by Socioeconomic Status
3. Trends of School- and Working-Age Population: 1990–2050
4. Moldova: Demographics, Enrollment and Student–Teacher Ratio
5. Number of Teachers and Non-Teaching Staff in Primary and Secondary Education
6. Public Spending on Education
7. Composition of Public Education Spending
8. Private Return to Education
9. Wage Levels in the Education Sector
10. Wage Premiums of the Educational Sector over the Private Sector
11. Wage Premiums of the Educational Sector over the Private Sector – Men
12. Enrollment and Spending in Early Childhood Education
13. Student-Teacher Ratio in Early Childhood Education
14. Public Spending and Educational Outcomes in General Education
15. Moldova’s Efficiency in Primary and Secondary Education
16. Student-Teacher Ratio, Class Size and Teaching Hours in General Education
17. Government Non-Wage Current Expenditure in Education
18. Moldova: Age Distributions of Teachers and the Working Population
19. Government Financial Support in Post-Secondary Education
20. Tertiary Education: Public Spending and Enrollment
21. Qualification Mismatch in Moldova
22. Disparities in Test Scores and Allocation of Schools Resources
Boxes
1. Regression Analysis of Wage Premiums in Education
2. Efficiency Frontier Analysis in Education