Front Matter Page
Western Hemisphere Department
Contents
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. ANALYZING WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTION TO GROWTH
A. Trends of female labor participation in Canada
B. Empirics: female labor participation and productivity growth
Empirical strategy and data
III. POLICIES TO TAP THE FULL POTENTIAL OF THE FEMALE LABOR FORCE
A. Where are the remaining gaps in family support policies?
B. A case for enhancing public spending on child care
C. Tackling longstanding cultural norms to promote gender equality and increase economic growth
IV. CONCLUSIONS
References
Tables
1. Labor Participation Trends
2. Hours by Education Attainment
3. Regression Results
4. Canada: Calculations of Growth Impacts
5. Population and Participation by Education Achievement
Figures
1. Selected Advanced Economies: Female Labor Force Participation Rate, 1976–2015
2. Canada: Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Labor Productivity
3. Growth Decomposition
4. Labor Productivity Growth and Female Labor Participation
5. OECD Economies: Female Labor force Participation Rates
6. Female Participation Rates and Tax Wedges on Secondary Earners
7. Canada: Female Labor Participation Rates and Public Spending on Early Childhood Education and Care
8. Advanced OECD Economies: Selected Family Policy Indicators
9. Canada: Child Care Assistance Program By Province
10. Decomposition of Marginal Effective Benefits, Today’s Policy
11. Female Labor Force Participation Rates in Quebec and Rest of Canada
12. Marginal Effective Benefits, No Benefits for Families with a Stay at Home Parent
13. Marginal Effective Benefits, Subsidized Child Care Fees
14. Summary: Marginal Effective Benefits under Alternative policies
15. Percentage of Mothers and Fathers Who Take Parental Leave
Boxes
Box 1. The Swedish Parental Leave and Child Care System
Annexes
I. Data Description
II. Child Benefit and Day Care Subsidy Programs by Province
III. Canada: Illustrative Calculations of Marginal Benefit Rates by Province