Front Matter Page
Asia and Pacific Department
Contents
I. Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Data Issues
IV. Stylized Facts
A. Evolution of Income Inequality in Asia
B. Inclusiveness of Growth in Asia
C. Inequality of Opportunities in Asia
V. Drivers of Inequality
A. Empirical Framework
B. Results
C. The Role of Labor Share
VI. Case Studies
A. Understanding Rising Inequalities in India and China
B. What Explains Declining Inequality in Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand?
VII. Concluding Remarks and Policy Implications
Tables
1. Drivers of Inequality (Baseline)
2. Drivers of Inequality (Asia Specificity)
3. Drivers of Inequality (Fiscal Policy)
Figures
1. Selected Asia: Income Inequality, Pre-1990
2. Selected Asia: Income Inequality, 1990-Latest
3. World and Asia: Income Inequality
4. World and Asia: Population Weighted Income Inequality
5. Regional Comparison: Income Inequality
6. Regoinal Comparison: Income Inequality
7. Selected Asia: GDP per Capita and Net Gini Index
8. Selected Asia: Net Gini Index
9. Selected Asia: Palma Ratio
10. Asia: Top 10 Income Share
11. Selected Asia: Growth of Income Share by Decile
12. Selected Asia: Top 10 Income/Consumption Share
13. Selected Asia Top 1 Income Share
14. Asia: Growth in Mean Income/Consumption by Decile
15. Poverty in Asia
16. Decomposition of Changes in Headcount Ratio
17. Middle Class in Asia
18. Education by Wealth Quintile
19. Health by Wealth Quintile
20. Financial Services by Income Share
21. Non-Standard Employment by Type
22. Non-Agricultural Informal Employment
23. Population with Account
24. Access to Credit for Entrepeneurial Activities
25. Composition of Social Spending
26. Pension Receipt Rate
27. Regional Comparison: Return to Schooling Rate
28. World vs. Asia: Total Labor Share
29. Selected Asia: Labor Share
30. China vs. India: Consumption Distribution by Decile
31. China: Dynamics of Consumption Share by Decile
32. India: Dynamics of Consimption Share by Decile
33. Rural China: Consumption by Decile
34. Urban China: Consumption by Decile
35. Rural India: Consumption by Decile
36. Urban India: Consumption by Decile
37. Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand: Net Gini Index
38. Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand: Income/Consumption Distribution by Decile
Appendices
A: Regression Results for Inequality
B: Robustness Checks of the Baseline Regression
C: Regression Results for Labor Share
Appendix Tables
A1. Drivers of Inequality (Advanced vs. Developing Economies)
A2. Drivers of Inequality (Human Capital, Demographics, and Labor Market Institutions)
B1. Robustness Checks Using Miltiple Monte Carlo Simulations and Difference GMM
C1. Drivers of the Labor Share
References