Front Matter Page
Asia and Pacific Department and Fiscal Affairs Department
Contents
I. Introduction
II. Anatomy of Health Care and Long-term Care Spending and Financing
A. Decomposition of Past Spending Increases
B. Spending and Financing Projections
III. Reform Options
A. Options to Contain Health Spending Growth
B. Options to Raise Copayments and Premium Contributions
C. Estimated fiscal savings
IV. Concluding Remarks
Tables
1. Japan: Decomposition of Changes in Health Spending, 1970–2011
2. Japan: Comparison of Projected Increases in Health Spending, 2010–60
3. OECD Countries: Health Care System Characteristics, 2011 or Latest Year Available
4. Japan: Estimated Fiscal Savings from Reform Options
Figures
1. Advanced Economies: Health Spending and Outcomes, 2009–11
2. Japan: Fiscal Developments and Demographic Trend, 1960–2060
3. Japan: Health Spending, 1960–2011
4. OECD Countries: Decomposition of Changes in Health Spending
5. OECD Countries: Health Spending by Age Cohort
6. Japan: Projected Health Spending, 2010–60
7. Fan Chart of Health Spending to GDP Ratio and Sensitivity to Population Dynamics
8. Effect of Healthy Ageing
9. Japan: Premium Contributions and Patient Copayments for Health Care by Age Cohort, 2010
10. Japan: Projected Financing Mix of Health Spending, 2010–30
11. Japan: Premium Contributions for Health Care by Age Cohort, 2010–30
12. Japan: Price Index of HC and LTC Services and Per-capita Health Spending, 2003–11
13. Japan: Per-capita HC Spending by the Elderly, Their Length of Hospital Stay, and the Number of Beds Per-capita, by Prefecture
14. OECD Countries: Out of Pocket Payments, 2011 or Latest Year Available
Box
1. Japan’s Health System
Appendices
I. Two Sources for Health Spending Data
II. Methodology to Project Contribution Rates
III. Institutional Indicators of Health Care Systems in OECD Countries
References