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The Endogenous Skill Bias of Technical Change and Inequality in Developing Countries
Author: Mr. Alberto Behar
Series:
IMF Working Papers
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2013: Issue 050
Language:
English
Publication Date:
26 Feb 2013
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475536959.001
ISBN:
9781475536959
ISSN:
1018-5941
Pages:
31
Keywords:
WP; substitution effect; capital deepening; Skill-biased Technical Change; Income Inequality; Inclusive Growth; Middle East; feedback effect; endogenous price differential; endogenous skill-biased technical change; skill-enhancing trade hypothesis; intermediates goods market; trade openness; R&D cost; relative price; goods trade; price terms; net importer; GDP share; Skilled labor; Wages; Unskilled labor; Global; North Africa; East Africa
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IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management.
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This paper draws on existing empirical literature and an original theoretical model to argue that globalization and skill supply affect the extent to which technology adoption in developing countries favors skilled workers. Developing countries are experiencing technical change that is skill-biased because skill-biased technologies are becoming relatively cheaper. Increased skill supply further biases technical change in favor of skilled labor. Free trade induces technology that favors skilled workers in skill-abundant developing countries and that favors unskilled workers in skill-scarce developing countries, and therefore amplifies the predicted wage effects of trade liberalization. These features aid our understanding of the observed rises in inequality within developing countries and the absence of a significant downward effect of expanded educational attainment on skill premia. They also help account for the large and differential effects of trade liberalization on inequality. These findings are pertinent for the Middle East and North Africa because of its recent increase in trade openness and remarkable rise in educational attainment.
Cover IMF Working Papers
IMF Working Papers
ISSN:
1018-5941
Publisher:
International Monetary Fund