Front Matter Page
Western Hemisphere Department
Contents
Abstract
I. Policy Instruments to Lean against the Wind in Latin America
A. Overview
II. Capital Requirements, Leverage Ratios, Countercyclical Capital Buffers and Dynamic Provisions
A. Introduction
B. The Tools and Their Objectives: Solvency and Leaning Against the Wind
C. Implications for Latin America
D. Conclusions
Boxes
II. 1. Accounting Treatment of Provisions and Capital
2. Dynamic Provisions in Spain and Latin America
III. Liquidity Requirements for Macroprudential Purposes
A. Motivation
B. The Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR)
C. Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR)
D. Quantitative and Economic Impact of LCR and NSFR
E. Conclusions
Annexes
III. 1. Country experiences: New Zealand, Colombia, Chile, and Australia
IV. Debt to Income limits
A. Debt to Income Ratios
B. Risks Arising from Household Indebtedness
C. Debt to Income Limits
D. Conclusion
V. Loan-to-Value Ratio Caps as a Macroprudential Tool
A. Introduction
B. LTV Rule Implementation
C. Existing Evidence on Effectiveness
D. Recent Examples in the Americas
E. Conclusion
Annexes
1. Case Study of Hong Kong SAR
2. Recent Country Examples of LTV Restrictions
VI. Reserve Requirements on Bank Liabilities as a Macroprudential Tool
A. Introduction
B. Theoretical Considerations
C. Conclusions
Boxes
1. Effect of Changes in RRs on Active Interest Rates
Annex
1. Country experiences with Deposit Reserve Requirements
2. Country experiences with Reserve Requirements on (non-core)
VII. Macroprudential Instruments to Manage Foreign-Exchange Credit Risk
A. Motivation
B. Instruments and Potential Benefits
Annexes
1. Country Experiences in Managing FX Credit Risk
VIII. Limiting Foreign Exchange Positions to Contain Systemic Risk
A. Introduction
B. Potential Macroprudential Benefits
C. Conclusions
Annexes
1. Country Experiences and Case Studies
2. Carry Trade Using Futures Market
IX. Reserve Requirements and Taxes on Capital Inflows
A. Introduction
B. Theoretical Considerations
C. Conclusions
Boxes
1. Tax-equivalent of RRs
Annexes
1. Country Experiences with Reserve Requirements on Capital Inflows