Statistical Appendix

The statistical tables in this appendix have been compiled on the basis of information available on or before September 10, 1990. The recording of the figures for 1990 and beyond with the same degree of precision as the historical figures is solely a matter of convenience; it is not intended to convey any connotation regarding the degree of accuracy attaching to these estimates and projections.

Assumptions and Conventions

The estimates and projections for 1990 and 1991 are predicated on a number of assumptions and working hypotheses:

1. For the major currencies, the average exchange rates in August 1990 will remain unchanged in real terms through the end of 1991.

2. “Present” policies of national authorities will be maintained.

3. The price of oil will average $20.59 a barrel in 1990 and $22.75 a barrel in 1991. These averages are consistent with an assumed oil price level of $26 in the final quarter of 1990 coming down to the new OPEC reference price of $21 in the fourth quarter of 1991. Thereafter, the oil price will remain unchanged in real terms.

4. With respect to interest rates, the six-month U.S. dollar LIBOR is assumed to average 8.4 percent in 1990 and 8.0 percent in 1991. Interest rates on assets denominated in other currencies will differ.

U.S. dollar/SDR conversion rates used in this report are, for the historical period, the geometric averages of daily rates given in the Fund’s International Financial Statistics (IFS). For 1990 and 1991, the exchange rate assumptions specified above imply average U.S. dollar/SDR conversion rates of 1.343 and 1.383, respectively.

Classification of Countries

The group of industrial countries (23 countries) comprises:

The seven largest countries in this group in terms of GNP—the United States. Japan, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Canada—are collectively referred to as the major industrial countries.

The European countries are defined as all industrial countries excluding the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Among the European countries, the current members of the European Community are distinguished as a subgroup.¹ They are:

The developing countries include all other Fund members (as of mid-1990),² together with certain essentially autonomous dependent territories for which adequate statistics are available.³ The regional breakdowns of developing countries conform to the classification used in the Fund’s International Financial Statistics. In this classification, Egypt and the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya are classified as part of the Middle East, not Africa.

In addition to their regional classification, the developing countries are also grouped according to analytical criteria. Specifically, countries are classified by (1) predominant export; by (2) financial criteria; and (3) in a number of miscellaneous groups.

The first analytical criterion, by predominant export category, distinguishes among five groups: fuel (SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) 3); manufactures (SITC 5 to 8, less diamonds and gemstones); non-fuel primary products (SITC 0,1,2,4, and diamonds and gemstones); “services and private transfers,” and “diversified export base.”

A further distinction is made among the exporters of non-fuel primary products on the basis of whether countries’ exports of primary commodities consist primarily of agricultural commodities (SITC 0,1,2 except 27, 28, and 4) or minerals (SITC 27 and 28 and diamonds and gemstones).

The financial criteria first distinguish among net creditor and net debtor countries. Countries in the latter, much larger, group are then distinguished on the basis of two additional financial criteria: by predominant type of creditor and by the degree of debt-servicing difficulties they have faced.

The country groups shown under the heading “miscellaneous groups” constitute sub-Saharan Africa;⁴ 12 major oil exporters; net debtor fuel exporters; 4 newly industrializing Asian economies; small low-income economies; and 15 heavily indebted countries.

Table A presents a breakdown of all developing country groupings according to the proportion of GDP, exports of goods and services, and level of indebtedness. A detailed account of the analytical country classification scheme is provided below.

Countries Classified by Predominant Export

Fuel (18 countries)

Countries whose average 1984–86 ratio of fuel exports to total exports exceeded 50 percent are assigned to the fuel category. The group comprises:

Non-fuel exports (114 countries)

This category identifies countries with total exports of goods and services including a substantial share of (a) manufactures, (b) primary products, or (c) services and private transfers. However, countries whose export structure is so diversified that it does not fall clearly into any one of the other three groups are assigned to a fourth group, (d) diversified export base.

Table A.

Developing Countries: Shares of Various Subgroups in Aggregate GDP, Exports of Goods and Services, and Debt Outstanding, 1985–87

(In percent)

Table A.

Developing Countries: Shares of Various Subgroups in Aggregate GDP, Exports of Goods and Services, and Debt Outstanding, 1985–87

(In percent)

					GDP	Exports of Goods and Services	Debt
Developing Countries					100.0	100.0	100.0
	By region
		Africa			12.1	11.0	15.7
		Asia				41.6	25.7
		Europe			8.8	10.1	10.1
		Middle East			15.7	19.9	12.8
		Western Hemisphere			29.4	17.3	35.7
	By predominant export
		Fuel			28.9	28.8	27.5
		Non-fuel exports			71.1	71.2	72.5
			Manufactures		48.8	49.3	36.1
			Primary products		12.1	8.1	18.8
				Agricultural products	10.1	5.6	13.6
				Minerals	1.9	2.5	5.2
			Services and private transfers		3.6	4.7	7.7
			Diversified export base		6.6	9.1	9.9
	By financial criteria
		Net creditor countries			13.5	21.0	5.2
		Net debtor countries			86.5	79.0	94.8
			Market borrowers		37.8	41.7	43.9
			Diversified borrowers		38.0	28.8	31.8
			Official borrowers		10.7	8.6	19.2
		Countries with recent
			debt-servicing difficulties		48.3	34.2	61.6
		Countries without
			debt-servicing difficulties		38.2	44.8	33.2
	Miscellaneous groups
		Sub-Saharan Africa			4.2	3.9	7.5
		Twelve major oil exporters			21.8	23.4	16.9
		Net debtor fuel exporters			17.9	14.7	23.2
		Four newly industrializing			7.4	24.5	5.5
			Asian economies		7.4	24.5	5.5
		Small low-income economies			6.2	3.5	9.0
		Fifteen heavily indebted countries			33.7	20.4	41.5

Table A.

Developing Countries: Shares of Various Subgroups in Aggregate GDP, Exports of Goods and Services, and Debt Outstanding, 1985–87

(In percent)

					GDP	Exports of Goods and Services	Debt
Developing Countries					100.0	100.0	100.0
	By region
		Africa			12.1	11.0	15.7
		Asia				41.6	25.7
		Europe			8.8	10.1	10.1
		Middle East			15.7	19.9	12.8
		Western Hemisphere			29.4	17.3	35.7
	By predominant export
		Fuel			28.9	28.8	27.5
		Non-fuel exports			71.1	71.2	72.5
			Manufactures		48.8	49.3	36.1
			Primary products		12.1	8.1	18.8
				Agricultural products	10.1	5.6	13.6
				Minerals	1.9	2.5	5.2
			Services and private transfers		3.6	4.7	7.7
			Diversified export base		6.6	9.1	9.9
	By financial criteria
		Net creditor countries			13.5	21.0	5.2
		Net debtor countries			86.5	79.0	94.8
			Market borrowers		37.8	41.7	43.9
			Diversified borrowers		38.0	28.8	31.8
			Official borrowers		10.7	8.6	19.2
		Countries with recent
			debt-servicing difficulties		48.3	34.2	61.6
		Countries without
			debt-servicing difficulties		38.2	44.8	33.2
	Miscellaneous groups
		Sub-Saharan Africa			4.2	3.9	7.5
		Twelve major oil exporters			21.8	23.4	16.9
		Net debtor fuel exporters			17.9	14.7	23.2
		Four newly industrializing			7.4	24.5	5.5
			Asian economies		7.4	24.5	5.5
		Small low-income economies			6.2	3.5	9.0
		Fifteen heavily indebted countries			33.7	20.4	41.5

a. Economies whose exports of manufactures accounted for over 50 percent of their total exports in 1984–86 are included in the group of exporters of manufactures (15 countries). This group includes:

b. The group of exporters of primary products (53 countries) consists of those countries whose exports of agricultural and mineral primary products (SITC 0,1,2, and 4. and diamonds and gemstones) accounted for at least half of their total exports in 1984–86.⁵ These countries are:

Among primary products a further distinction is made between agricultural products and minerals. The group of mineral exporters (13 countries) comprises:

The agricultural exporters (40 countries) consist of all other exporters of primary products. They are:

c. The exporters of services and recipients of private transfers (33 countries) are defined as those countries whose income from services and private transfers in 1984–86 accounted for more than half of total export earnings. This group comprises:

c. Countries with a diversified export base (13 countries) are those whose export earnings in 1984–86 were not dominated by any one of the categories mentioned under (a) to (c) above. The group comprises:

Countries Classified by Financial Criteria

Net creditor countries (8 countries) are defined as all developing countries that unambiguously were net external creditors in 1987 or that experienced substantial cumulated current account surpluses (excluding official transfers) between 1967–68 (the beginning of most balance of payments series in the World Economic Outlook data base) and 1987. The net creditor group consists of the following economies:

Net debtor countries (124 countries) are disaggregated according to two criteria: (a) predominant type of creditor, and (b) experience with debt servicing.

a. By predominant type of creditor (sources of borrowing)

Market borrowers (21 countries) are defined as net debtor countries with more than two thirds of their total liabilities outstanding at the end of 1987 owed to commercial creditors. They comprise:

Official borrowers (68 countries) are defined as net debtor countries with more than two thirds of their total liabilities outstanding at the end of 1987 owed to official creditors. This group comprises:

Diversified borrowers (35 countries) consist of those net debtor developing countries that are neither market nor official borrowers:

By experience with debt servicing Countries with recent debt-servicing difficulties (72 countries) are defined as those countries that incurred external payments arrears or entered official or commercial bank debt rescheduling agreements during 1986–88. Information on these developments is taken from relevant issues of the Fund’s Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions.

All other net debtor countries are classified as not having experienced recent debt-servicing problems.

Miscellaneous Groups

Sub-Saharan Africa comprises all African countries (as defined in International Financial Statistics) except Algeria, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tunisia. The group of 12 major oil exporters comprises:

The four newly industrializing Asian economies are Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan Province of China.

The net debtor fuel exporters are those 11 fuel exporters that are not net creditor countries. They are:

The group of small low-income economies (45 countries) comprises those Fund members, excluding China and India, whose GDP per person, as estimated by the World Bank, did not exceed the equivalent of $425 in 1986. These countries are

The group of 15 heavily indebted countries comprises those countries associated with the “Program for Sustained Growth” proposed by the Governor for the United States at the 1985 Fund/Bank Annual Meetings in Seoul. These countries are

A few tables include estimates for other countries (which are classified as neither industrial nor developing), comprising the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Eastern European nonmember countries. Other nonmember countries, such as Cuba, Mongolia, and North Korea, are excluded from the tables in this report. Also, it has not been possible to include a number of small countries or territories for which trade and payments data are not available.

List of Tables

Output

A1. World Output. 1972–91
A2. Industrial Countries: Real GNP and Total Domestic Demand.1972–91
A3. Industrial Countries: Components of Real GNP. 1972–91
A4. Industrial Countries: Employment, Unemployment, and Realper Capita GNP, 1972–91
A5. Developing Countries: Real GDP, 1972–91
A6. Developing Countries: Real per Capita GDP, 1972–91
A7. Developing Countries: Gross Capital Formation, 1982–90

Inflation

A8. Inflation, 1972–91
A9. Industrial Countries: GNP Deflators and Consumer Prices,1972–91
A10. Industrial Countries: Hourly Earnings, Productivity, and UnitLabor Costs in Manufacturing. 1972–91
A11. Developing Countries: Consumer Prices—Weighted Averages,1972–91
A12. Developing Countries: Consumer Prices—Median Estimates.1972–91

Financial policies

A13. Summary Financial Indicators, 1982–91
A14. Major Industrial Countries: Monetary Aggregates, 1982–91
A15. Major Industrial Countries: Interest Rales, 1982–August 1990
A16. Major industrial Countries: Central Government FiscalBalances and Impulses, 1982–91
A17. Major Industrial Countries: General Government FiscalBalances and Impulses, 1982–91
A18. Developing Countries: Broad Money Aggregates, 1982–89
A19. Developing Countries: Central Government Fiscal Balances,1982–90

Trade

A20. Summary of World Trade Volumes and Prices. 1972–91
A21. Industrial Countries: Merchandise Trade. 1972–91
A22. Industrial Countries: Export Volumes. Import Volumes, and Terms of Trade. 1972–91
A23. Developing Countries: Merchandise Trade, 1972–91
A24. Developing Countries: Export Volumes. 1972–91
A25. Developing Countries: Import Volumes. 1972–91
A26. Developing Countries: Export Unit Values, 1972–91
A27. Developing Countries: Import Unit Values. 1972–91
A28. Developing Countries: Terms of Trade, 1972–91
A29. Developing Countries: Non-Fuel Commodity Prices. 1972–91

Current account transactions

A30. Summary of Payments Balances on Current Account. 1982–91
A31. Industrial Countries: Balance of Payments on Current Account, 1982–91
A32. Industrial Countries: Current Account Transactions. 1982–91
A33. Developing Countries: Summary of Payments Balances on Current Account. 1982–91
A34. Developing Countries: Summary of Payments Balances on Goods. Services, and Private Transfers. 1982–91
A35. Developing Countries: Current Account Balances as Percentage of Exports of Goods and Services, 1972–91
A36. Developing Countries—by Region: Current Account Transactions, 1982–91
A37. Developing Countries—by Predominant Export: Current Account Transactions. 1982–91
A38. Developing Countries—by Financial Criteria: Current Account Transactions. 1982–91
A39. Developing Countries—Miscellaneous Groups: Current Account Transactions, 1982–91

Current account financing

A40. Developing Countries: External Financing, 1982–91
A41. Developing Countries—by Region: Summary of External Financing. 1982–91
A42. Developing Countries—by Analytical Criteria: Summary of External Financing, 1982–91
A43. Developing Countries: Reserves and Ratios of Reserves to Imports of Goods and Services, 1982–91
A44. Developing Countries: Net Credit from IMF. 1982–91

External debt and debt service

A45. Developing Countries: External Debt and Debt Service. 1982–91
A46. Developing Countries—by Region: External Debt, by Maturity and Type of Creditor, End of Year, 1982–91
A47. Developing Countries—by Analytical Criteria: External Debt, by Maturity and Type of Creditor. End of Year. 1982–91 175
A48. Developing Countries: Total External Debt Relative to Exports and to GDP, 1982–91
A49. Developing Countries: Debt-Service Ratios, 1982–91
A50. Developing Countries: Fund Charges and Repurchases from the Fund. 1982–91

Medium-term baseline scenario

A51. Summary of Medium-Term Baseline Scenario. 1972–95
A52. Net Debtor Developing Countries: Current Account Balance. External Debt, and Debt Service—Medium-Term Baseline Scenario, 1982–95
A53. Net Debtor Developing Countries: Output and Foreign Trade—Medium-Term Baseline Scenario, 1972–95

Table A1.

World Output. 1972–91¹

(Annual changes, in percent)

^¹Real GDP (or GNP) for industrial and developing countries and real net material product (NMP) for other countries. Composites for the country groups are averages of percentage changes for individual countries weighted by the average U.S. dollar value of their respective GDPs (GNPs or NMPs where applicable) over the preceding three years. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the valuation of the composite NMP of the other countries, they have been assigned —somewhat arbitrarily—a weight of 11 percent in the calculation of the growth of world output.

^²Compound annual rates of change. Excluding China.

^³The U.S.S.R. and countries of Eastern Europe that are not members of the Fund.

Table A1.

World Output. 1972–91¹

(Annual changes, in percent)

			Average² 1972–81	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991
World			3.5	0.5	2.6	4.4	3.3	3.0	3.3	4.1	3.0	2.0	2.4
	Industrial countries		3.0	–0.3	2.7	4.9	3.4	2.7	3.4	4.4	3.4	2.6	2.4
	United States		2.7	–2.5	3.6	6.8	3.4	2.7	3.4	4.5	2.5	1.3	1.7
	Japan		4.6	3.1	3.2	5.1	4.9	2.5	4.6	5.7	49	5.1	3.7
	Germany, Fed. Rep. of		2.4	–1.0	1.9	3.3	1.9	2.3	1.6	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.3
	Other industrial countries		2.9	0.8	1.8	3.1	3.1	2.8	3.2	3.9	3.3	2.3	2.2
	Developing countries		5.0	2.1	2.2	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.9	4.2	3.0	2.2	4.2
		By region
		Africa	3.2	2.0	–1.1	0.8	1.0	2.3	1.2	2.5	3.2	2.7	3.2
		Asia	5.6	5.6	8.1	8.3	6.8	6.9	8.1	9.0	5.0	5.0	5.4
		Europe	4.3	1.2	2.4	5.0	2.7	4.4	2.4	1.2	–1.4	–3.1	2.1
		Middle East	6.0	1.3	1.7	–0.9	–0.2	–0.6	–0.6	3.8	3.7	2.6	3.7
		Western Hemisphere	5.1	–1.1	–2.8	3.6	3.4	4.1	3.0	0.5	1.6	–0.4	3.6
		By analytical criteria
		Fuel exporters	5.9	0.8	–0.5	0.4	1.5	–0.1	0.3	2.9	3.4	3.6	4.1
		Non-fuel exporters	4.6	2.7	3.5	5.9	5.0	5.9	5.4	4.8	2.9	1.7	4.2
		Market borrowers	5.5	0.4	–0.5	4.3	3.0	4.2	3.8	2.3	2.8	1.1	4.2
		Official borrowers	3.5	2.0	3.0	3.9	4.2	4.3	3.1	4.4	2.3	0.2	3.3
		Countries with recent debt-servicing difficulties	4.4	0.1	–1.8	2.7	3.3	3.5	2.5	1.9	1.6	–0.7	3.3
		Countries without debt-servicing difficulties	5.3	5.3	7.1	7.7	6.6	6.3	7.1	7.5	4.3	4.7	5.1
Other countries³			4.6	2.4	3.2	2.0	1.3	2.6	1.7	1.7	0.2	–2.5	–0.3

^²Compound annual rates of change. Excluding China.

^³The U.S.S.R. and countries of Eastern Europe that are not members of the Fund.

Table A1.

World Output. 1972–91¹

(Annual changes, in percent)

			Average² 1972–81	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991
World			3.5	0.5	2.6	4.4	3.3	3.0	3.3	4.1	3.0	2.0	2.4
	Industrial countries		3.0	–0.3	2.7	4.9	3.4	2.7	3.4	4.4	3.4	2.6	2.4
	United States		2.7	–2.5	3.6	6.8	3.4	2.7	3.4	4.5	2.5	1.3	1.7
	Japan		4.6	3.1	3.2	5.1	4.9	2.5	4.6	5.7	49	5.1	3.7
	Germany, Fed. Rep. of		2.4	–1.0	1.9	3.3	1.9	2.3	1.6	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.3
	Other industrial countries		2.9	0.8	1.8	3.1	3.1	2.8	3.2	3.9	3.3	2.3	2.2
	Developing countries		5.0	2.1	2.2	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.9	4.2	3.0	2.2	4.2
		By region
		Africa	3.2	2.0	–1.1	0.8	1.0	2.3	1.2	2.5	3.2	2.7	3.2
		Asia	5.6	5.6	8.1	8.3	6.8	6.9	8.1	9.0	5.0	5.0	5.4
		Europe	4.3	1.2	2.4	5.0	2.7	4.4	2.4	1.2	–1.4	–3.1	2.1
		Middle East	6.0	1.3	1.7	–0.9	–0.2	–0.6	–0.6	3.8	3.7	2.6	3.7
		Western Hemisphere	5.1	–1.1	–2.8	3.6	3.4	4.1	3.0	0.5	1.6	–0.4	3.6
		By analytical criteria
		Fuel exporters	5.9	0.8	–0.5	0.4	1.5	–0.1	0.3	2.9	3.4	3.6	4.1
		Non-fuel exporters	4.6	2.7	3.5	5.9	5.0	5.9	5.4	4.8	2.9	1.7	4.2
		Market borrowers	5.5	0.4	–0.5	4.3	3.0	4.2	3.8	2.3	2.8	1.1	4.2
		Official borrowers	3.5	2.0	3.0	3.9	4.2	4.3	3.1	4.4	2.3	0.2	3.3
		Countries with recent debt-servicing difficulties	4.4	0.1	–1.8	2.7	3.3	3.5	2.5	1.9	1.6	–0.7	3.3
		Countries without debt-servicing difficulties	5.3	5.3	7.1	7.7	6.6	6.3	7.1	7.5	4.3	4.7	5.1
Other countries³			4.6	2.4	3.2	2.0	1.3	2.6	1.7	1.7	0.2	–2.5	–0.3

^²Compound annual rates of change. Excluding China.

^³The U.S.S.R. and countries of Eastern Europe that are not members of the Fund.

Table A2.

Industrial Countries: Real GNP and Total Domestic Demand, 1972–91¹

(Annual chances, in percent)

^¹Composites for the country groups are averages of percentage changes for individual countries weighted by the average U.S. dollar value of their respective GNPs over the preceding three years.

^²Compound annual rates of change.

^³From fourth quarter of preceding year.

^⁴GDP at market prices.

^⁵Average of expenditure, income, and output estimates of GDP at market prices.

Table A2.

Industrial Countries: Real GNP and Total Domestic Demand, 1972–91¹

(Annual chances, in percent)

			Average²											Fourth Quarter³
			1972–81	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1989	1990	1991
Real GNP
Canada⁴			4.4	–3.2	3.2	6.3	4.8	1.3	4.0	4.4	3.0	1.1	1.1	2.9	0.1	2.1
United States			2.7	–2.5	3.6	6.8	3.4	2.7	3.4	4.5	2.5	1 3	1.7	1.8	1.3	2.0
Japan			4.6	3.1	3.2	5.1	4.9	2.5	4.6	5.7	4.9	5 ?	3.7	4.8	4.5	4.1
France⁴			2.9	2.5	0.7	1.3	1.9	2.5	2.2	3.9	3.6	3.1	3.0	3.5	3.3	3.2
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			2.4	–1.0	1.9	3.3	1.9	2.3	1.6	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.3	3.2	3.8	3.3
Italy⁴			3.7	0.3	1.1	3.0	2.6	2.5	3.0	4.2	3.2	2.7	2.7	2.8	1.8	2.7
United Kingdom⁵			1.6	1.7	.3.6	2.1	3.7	3.6	4.7	4.6	2.2	1.4	1.3	1.7	0.3	2 5
Other industrial countries			2.7	0.5	1.5	3.5	3.3	2.5	2.8	3.3	3.7	2.5	2.3	…	…	…
	All industrial countries		3.0	–0.3	2.7	4.9	3.4	2.7	3.4	4.4	3.4	2.6	2.4	…	…	…
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	3.0	–0.4	2.9	5.1	3.4	2.7	3.5	4.6	3.3	2.7	2.4	2.9	2.4	2.8
		European countries	2.6	0.8	1.8	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.7	3.8	3.4	2.8	2.6	…	…	…
		European Community	2.7	0.8	1.7	2.4	2.4	2.7	2.7	3.9	3 5	3.0	2.7	…	…	…
Real total domestic demand
Canada			4.7	–5.4	3.6	4.7	5.3	4.2	5.2	5.0	4.1	0.4	1.1	4.0	–1.0	2.1
United Slates			2.4	–1.9	5.1	8.7	3.8	3.3	3.0	3.3	1.9	0.8	1.6	1.1	1.0	1.9
Japan			4.0	2.8	1.8	3.8	4.0	4.1	5.4	7.6	5.9	5.0	3.5	6.5	3 6	4.0
France			2.7	3.5	–0.7	0.4	2.5	4.5	3.3	4.0	3 1	1.2	3.1	2.9	…	3.1
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			2.1	–2.0	2.3	2.0	0.8	3.5	2.8	3.7	2.7	4.7	3.3	3.8	4.0	2.2
Italy			2.7	0.3	–0.6	3.9	2.7	2.9	4.7	4.7	3.3	2.7	2.7	? 8	2.6	2.7
United Kingdom			1.4	2.2	4.7	2.6	2.8	4.3	5.5	7.6	3.1	—	0.6	–0.6	–0.3	2.6
Other industrial countries			2.5	0.6	0.2	2.6	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.9	4.4	2.4	2.2	…	…	…
	All industrial countries		2.6	–0.1	2.8	5.2	3.4	3.6	3.7	4.6	3.4	2.4	2.3	…	…	…
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	2.7	–0.3	3.2	5.6	3.4	3.6	3.8	4.7	3.2	2.4	2.3	2 8	2.0	2.6
		European countries	2.2	0.8	1.2	2.0	2.4	3.9	3.8	4.5	3.4	2.9	2.5	…	…	…
		European Community	2.3	0.8	1.1	1.9	2.2	3.9	3.9	4.7	3.4	3.0	2.7	…	…	…

^¹Composites for the country groups are averages of percentage changes for individual countries weighted by the average U.S. dollar value of their respective GNPs over the preceding three years.

^²Compound annual rates of change.

^³From fourth quarter of preceding year.

^⁴GDP at market prices.

^⁵Average of expenditure, income, and output estimates of GDP at market prices.

Table A2.

Industrial Countries: Real GNP and Total Domestic Demand, 1972–91¹

(Annual chances, in percent)

			Average²											Fourth Quarter³
			1972–81	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1989	1990	1991
Real GNP
Canada⁴			4.4	–3.2	3.2	6.3	4.8	1.3	4.0	4.4	3.0	1.1	1.1	2.9	0.1	2.1
United States			2.7	–2.5	3.6	6.8	3.4	2.7	3.4	4.5	2.5	1 3	1.7	1.8	1.3	2.0
Japan			4.6	3.1	3.2	5.1	4.9	2.5	4.6	5.7	4.9	5 ?	3.7	4.8	4.5	4.1
France⁴			2.9	2.5	0.7	1.3	1.9	2.5	2.2	3.9	3.6	3.1	3.0	3.5	3.3	3.2
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			2.4	–1.0	1.9	3.3	1.9	2.3	1.6	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.3	3.2	3.8	3.3
Italy⁴			3.7	0.3	1.1	3.0	2.6	2.5	3.0	4.2	3.2	2.7	2.7	2.8	1.8	2.7
United Kingdom⁵			1.6	1.7	.3.6	2.1	3.7	3.6	4.7	4.6	2.2	1.4	1.3	1.7	0.3	2 5
Other industrial countries			2.7	0.5	1.5	3.5	3.3	2.5	2.8	3.3	3.7	2.5	2.3	…	…	…
	All industrial countries		3.0	–0.3	2.7	4.9	3.4	2.7	3.4	4.4	3.4	2.6	2.4	…	…	…
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	3.0	–0.4	2.9	5.1	3.4	2.7	3.5	4.6	3.3	2.7	2.4	2.9	2.4	2.8
		European countries	2.6	0.8	1.8	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.7	3.8	3.4	2.8	2.6	…	…	…
		European Community	2.7	0.8	1.7	2.4	2.4	2.7	2.7	3.9	3 5	3.0	2.7	…	…	…
Real total domestic demand
Canada			4.7	–5.4	3.6	4.7	5.3	4.2	5.2	5.0	4.1	0.4	1.1	4.0	–1.0	2.1
United Slates			2.4	–1.9	5.1	8.7	3.8	3.3	3.0	3.3	1.9	0.8	1.6	1.1	1.0	1.9
Japan			4.0	2.8	1.8	3.8	4.0	4.1	5.4	7.6	5.9	5.0	3.5	6.5	3 6	4.0
France			2.7	3.5	–0.7	0.4	2.5	4.5	3.3	4.0	3 1	1.2	3.1	2.9	…	3.1
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			2.1	–2.0	2.3	2.0	0.8	3.5	2.8	3.7	2.7	4.7	3.3	3.8	4.0	2.2
Italy			2.7	0.3	–0.6	3.9	2.7	2.9	4.7	4.7	3.3	2.7	2.7	? 8	2.6	2.7
United Kingdom			1.4	2.2	4.7	2.6	2.8	4.3	5.5	7.6	3.1	—	0.6	–0.6	–0.3	2.6
Other industrial countries			2.5	0.6	0.2	2.6	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.9	4.4	2.4	2.2	…	…	…
	All industrial countries		2.6	–0.1	2.8	5.2	3.4	3.6	3.7	4.6	3.4	2.4	2.3	…	…	…
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	2.7	–0.3	3.2	5.6	3.4	3.6	3.8	4.7	3.2	2.4	2.3	2 8	2.0	2.6
		European countries	2.2	0.8	1.2	2.0	2.4	3.9	3.8	4.5	3.4	2.9	2.5	…	…	…
		European Community	2.3	0.8	1.1	1.9	2.2	3.9	3.9	4.7	3.4	3.0	2.7	…	…	…

^¹Composites for the country groups are averages of percentage changes for individual countries weighted by the average U.S. dollar value of their respective GNPs over the preceding three years.

^²Compound annual rates of change.

^³From fourth quarter of preceding year.

^⁴GDP at market prices.

^⁵Average of expenditure, income, and output estimates of GDP at market prices.

Table A3.

Industrial Countries: Components of Real GNP, 1972–91¹

(Annual changes, in percent)

^¹Composites for country groups are averages of percentage changes in real terms for individual countries weighted by the average U.S. dollar value of their respective GNPs over the preceding three years.

^²Compound annual rates of change.

^³Changes expressed as a percentage of GNP in the preceding period.

Table A3.

Industrial Countries: Components of Real GNP, 1972–91¹

(Annual changes, in percent)

			Average² 1972–81	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991
Consumer expenditure
Canada			4.6	–2.6	3.4	4.6	5.2	4.4	4.5	4.3	3.8	1.5	1.1
United States			2.8	1.3	4.7	4.8	4.7	3.9	2.8	3.6	1.9	0.9	1.4
Japan			4.5	4.1	3.2	2.7	2.7	3.1	4 3	5.1	3.5	3.6	3.3
France			3.2	3.5	0.9	1.1	2.4	3.9	2.7	3.2	3.2	2.9	2.8
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			2.7	–1.3	1.7	1.5	1.4	3.4	3.3	2.7	1.7	4.2	3 1
Italy			4.1	1.3	0.6	2.1	3.1	3.8	4.2	4.1	3.8	2.7	2.7
United Kingdom			1.9	1.0	4.3	1.8	3.7	5.7	5.9	7.0	3.8	2.4	1.0
Other industrial countries			2.8	1.0	0.8	1.4	3.3	3.3	2.9	2.6	3.0	2.6	2.3
	All industrial countries		3.1	1.4	3.0	3.2	3.7	3.8	3.4	3.9	2.7	2.3	2.2
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	3.2	1.5	3.4	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.5	4.1	2.7	2.3	2 2
		European countries	2.9	0.9	1.5	1.4	2.7	4.0	3.6	3.5	2.9	3.0	2.5
		European Community	3.0	0.8	1.5	1.4	2.6	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.1	3.2	2.5
Public consumption
Canada			3.5	2.4	1.4	1.2	3.2	1.6	1.8	2.8	2.6	1.4	0.9
United States			1.1	1.9	1.1	4.4	7.9	4.2	2.3	0.2	2.3	2.5	1.2
Japan			4.7	1.9	2.9	2.8	1.7	6.2	–0.6	2.2	2.1	2.2	1.6
France			3.3	3.7	2.1	1.1	2.3	1.7	2.8	2.9	1.6	2.0	2.0
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			3.1	–0.8	0.2	2.4	2.1	2.6	1.6	2.3	–0.9	2.0	1.7
Italy			2.9	2.9	2.9	2.5	3.5	2.9	3.7	2.8	0.5	0.8	1.0
United Kingdom			2.2	0.8	2.0	1.0	—	2.0	1.0	0.4	0.9	0.5	0.8
Other industrial countries			3.9	1.5	2.5	1.8	3.3	2.9	2.9	1.8	2.4	1.6	1.1
	All industrial countries		2.5	1.7	1.7	3.0	4.7	3.7	1.9	1.4	1.8	2.0	1.4
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	2.3	1.8	1.6	3.2	4.9	3.9	1.7	1.3	1.7	2.1	1.4
		European countries	3.2	1.6	1.8	1.6	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.0	1.0	1.5	1.4
		European Community	3.2	1.5	1.6	1.6	2.1	2.4	2.6	2.1	0.8	1.4	1.3
Gross fixed investment
Canada			6.5	–11.0	–0.7	2.1	9.5	6.2	10.3	10.2	4.5	–0.6	0.1
United States			2.7	–9.6	8.2	16.8	5.3	1.0	1.9	5.6	1 (1	0.2	1.9
Japan			3.4	0.8	–0.3	4.9	5.8	5.8	10.4	12.6	11.0	8.5	4.1
France			1.6	–1.4	–3.6	–2.6	3.2	4.5	4.1	8.6	5.6	5.1	4.8
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			0.3	–5.3	3.2	0.8	0.1	3.3	2 2	5.1	7.1	9.2	5.6
Italy			1.2	–5.7	–2.0	4.5	1.4	1.6	5.8	6.7	5.1	3.9	5.4
United Kingdom			–0.8	5.4	5.0	8.6	3.9	2.1	8.7	13.7	4.4	–1.8	–3.7
Other industrial countries			1.0	–1.7	–1.1	3.5	4.8	5.8	4.7	8.7	7.9	2.1	3.2
	All industrial countries		2.2	–4.6	3.1	8.8	4.7	3.0	4.7	8.0	5.5	3.3	2.7
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	2.4	–5.2	3.9	9.6	4.6	2.6	4.7	7.9	5.1	3.5	2.7
		European countries	0.6	–1.9	0.6	2.4	2 5	4.2	4.9	8.2	6.4	4.2	3.2
		European Community	0.6	–1.7	0.3	2.0	2.5	3.9	4.9	8.5	6.5	4.9	3.5
Final domestic demand
Canada			4.7	–3.4	2.2	3.4	5.6	4.2	5.1	5.3	3.7	1.0	0.8
United States			2.4	–0.4	4.5	6.6	5.4	3.5	2.6	3.3	1.9	l.l	14
Japan			4.1	2.8	2.1	3 4	3.6	4.2	5.7	7.4	6.0	5.3	3.5
France			2.8	2.4	0.2	0.3	2.5	3.6	3.0	4.2	3.4	3.2	3.1
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			2.2	–2.1	1.7	1.6	1.2	3.2	2.7	3.1	2.3	4.9	3.4
Italy			3.2	–0.1	11.4	2.7	2.8	3.2	4.5	4.4	3.6	2.6	2.6
United Kingdom			1.5	1.6	3.9	2.7	3.0	4.3	5.4	6.8	3.4	1.3	0 1
Other industrial countries			2.6	0.4	0.6	1.8	3.4	3.7	3.2	3.8	4.0	2.2	2 3
	All industrial countries		2.7	0.3	2.6	4.0	4.1	3.7	3.6	4.4	3.4	2.7	2.2
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	2.8	0.3	3.0	4.4	4.2	3.6	3.6	4.5	3.3	2.7	2.2
		European countries	2.4	0.3	1.3	1.6	2.5	3.8	3.7	4.2	3.3	3.0	2.5
		European Community	2.4	0.3	1.2	1.5	2.4	3.7	3.7	4.4	3.4	3.3	2.6
Stockbulding³
Canada			—	–2.0	1.3	1.3	–0.3	0.1	0.1	–0.3	0.4	–0.6	0.3
United States			—	–1.5	0.6	2.1	–1.5	–0.1	0.5	—	—	–0.3	0.1
Japan			–0.1	–0.1	–0.3	0.4	0.4	–0.1	–0.3	0.3	–0.1	–0.2	—
France			–0.1	1.0	–0.9	—	–0.1	0.8	0.3	–0.2	–0.3	—	0.1
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			–0.1	0.1	0.6	0.5	–0.4	0.3	0.1	0.6	0.4	–0.1	—
Italy			–0.3	0.4	–1.0	1.3	—	–0.3	0.3	0.4	–0.2	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom			–0.1	0.6	0.8	–0.1	–0.1	—	0.1	0.8	–0.3	–1.4	0.5
Other industrial countries			–0.1	0.2	–0.5	0.8	0.1	–0.3	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.2	–0.1
	All industrial countries		–0.1	–0.4	0.1	1.2	–0.6	—	0.2	0.2	—	–0.2	0.1
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	—	–0.6	0.2	1.2	–0.8	—	0.2	0.2	—	–0.3	0.l
		European countries	–0.1	0.5	–0.2	0.4	–0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1	–0.1	0.1
		European Community	–0.1	0.5	–0.1	0.4	–0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	–0.2	0.1
Foreign balances³
Canada			–0.4	3.1	–0.4	0.5	–0.5	–0.7	–0.9	–1.1	–1.3	0.6	—
United Slates			0.3	–0.7	–1.5	–2.0	–0.6	–0.7	0.3	1 1	0.5	0.4	0.1
Japan			0.3	0.3	1.5	1.3	1.1	–1.4	–0.6	–1.7	–0.9	0.1	0.2
France			0.2	–0.9	1.4	1.0	–0.6	–1.9	–1.1	–0.3	0.4	–0.2	–0.2
Germany, Fed. Rep, of			0.3	1.0	–0.3	1.3	1.1	–1.0	–1.1	—	1.1	–0.6	0.1
Italy			0.2	–0.1	0.9	–1.0	–0.2	–0.3	–1.8	–0.7	–0.3	–0.1	–0.1
United Kingdom			0.2	–1.0	–1.1	–0.8	1.0	–0.7	–0.7	–3.5	–l.l	1.4	0.8
Other industrial countries			0.1	0.1	1.3	0.5	–0.2	–1.0	–0.6	–0.7	–0.9	—	0.1
	All industrial countries		11.3	–0.1	–0.1	–0.4	—	–0.9	–0.4	–0.2	–0.1	0.2	0.1
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	0.3	–0.2	–0.4	–0.6	—	–0.9	–0.3	–0.2	—	0.2	0.1
		European countries	0.2	–0.1	0.5	0.4	0.2	–1.2	–1.1	–0.8	–0.1	—	0.1
		European Community	0.2	–0.1	0.5	0.4	0.2	–1.2	–1.1	–0.8	–0.1	—	0.1

^²Compound annual rates of change.

^³Changes expressed as a percentage of GNP in the preceding period.

Table A3.

Industrial Countries: Components of Real GNP, 1972–91¹

(Annual changes, in percent)

			Average² 1972–81	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991
Consumer expenditure
Canada			4.6	–2.6	3.4	4.6	5.2	4.4	4.5	4.3	3.8	1.5	1.1
United States			2.8	1.3	4.7	4.8	4.7	3.9	2.8	3.6	1.9	0.9	1.4
Japan			4.5	4.1	3.2	2.7	2.7	3.1	4 3	5.1	3.5	3.6	3.3
France			3.2	3.5	0.9	1.1	2.4	3.9	2.7	3.2	3.2	2.9	2.8
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			2.7	–1.3	1.7	1.5	1.4	3.4	3.3	2.7	1.7	4.2	3 1
Italy			4.1	1.3	0.6	2.1	3.1	3.8	4.2	4.1	3.8	2.7	2.7
United Kingdom			1.9	1.0	4.3	1.8	3.7	5.7	5.9	7.0	3.8	2.4	1.0
Other industrial countries			2.8	1.0	0.8	1.4	3.3	3.3	2.9	2.6	3.0	2.6	2.3
	All industrial countries		3.1	1.4	3.0	3.2	3.7	3.8	3.4	3.9	2.7	2.3	2.2
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	3.2	1.5	3.4	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.5	4.1	2.7	2.3	2 2
		European countries	2.9	0.9	1.5	1.4	2.7	4.0	3.6	3.5	2.9	3.0	2.5
		European Community	3.0	0.8	1.5	1.4	2.6	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.1	3.2	2.5
Public consumption
Canada			3.5	2.4	1.4	1.2	3.2	1.6	1.8	2.8	2.6	1.4	0.9
United States			1.1	1.9	1.1	4.4	7.9	4.2	2.3	0.2	2.3	2.5	1.2
Japan			4.7	1.9	2.9	2.8	1.7	6.2	–0.6	2.2	2.1	2.2	1.6
France			3.3	3.7	2.1	1.1	2.3	1.7	2.8	2.9	1.6	2.0	2.0
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			3.1	–0.8	0.2	2.4	2.1	2.6	1.6	2.3	–0.9	2.0	1.7
Italy			2.9	2.9	2.9	2.5	3.5	2.9	3.7	2.8	0.5	0.8	1.0
United Kingdom			2.2	0.8	2.0	1.0	—	2.0	1.0	0.4	0.9	0.5	0.8
Other industrial countries			3.9	1.5	2.5	1.8	3.3	2.9	2.9	1.8	2.4	1.6	1.1
	All industrial countries		2.5	1.7	1.7	3.0	4.7	3.7	1.9	1.4	1.8	2.0	1.4
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	2.3	1.8	1.6	3.2	4.9	3.9	1.7	1.3	1.7	2.1	1.4
		European countries	3.2	1.6	1.8	1.6	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.0	1.0	1.5	1.4
		European Community	3.2	1.5	1.6	1.6	2.1	2.4	2.6	2.1	0.8	1.4	1.3
Gross fixed investment
Canada			6.5	–11.0	–0.7	2.1	9.5	6.2	10.3	10.2	4.5	–0.6	0.1
United States			2.7	–9.6	8.2	16.8	5.3	1.0	1.9	5.6	1 (1	0.2	1.9
Japan			3.4	0.8	–0.3	4.9	5.8	5.8	10.4	12.6	11.0	8.5	4.1
France			1.6	–1.4	–3.6	–2.6	3.2	4.5	4.1	8.6	5.6	5.1	4.8
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			0.3	–5.3	3.2	0.8	0.1	3.3	2 2	5.1	7.1	9.2	5.6
Italy			1.2	–5.7	–2.0	4.5	1.4	1.6	5.8	6.7	5.1	3.9	5.4
United Kingdom			–0.8	5.4	5.0	8.6	3.9	2.1	8.7	13.7	4.4	–1.8	–3.7
Other industrial countries			1.0	–1.7	–1.1	3.5	4.8	5.8	4.7	8.7	7.9	2.1	3.2
	All industrial countries		2.2	–4.6	3.1	8.8	4.7	3.0	4.7	8.0	5.5	3.3	2.7
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	2.4	–5.2	3.9	9.6	4.6	2.6	4.7	7.9	5.1	3.5	2.7
		European countries	0.6	–1.9	0.6	2.4	2 5	4.2	4.9	8.2	6.4	4.2	3.2
		European Community	0.6	–1.7	0.3	2.0	2.5	3.9	4.9	8.5	6.5	4.9	3.5
Final domestic demand
Canada			4.7	–3.4	2.2	3.4	5.6	4.2	5.1	5.3	3.7	1.0	0.8
United States			2.4	–0.4	4.5	6.6	5.4	3.5	2.6	3.3	1.9	l.l	14
Japan			4.1	2.8	2.1	3 4	3.6	4.2	5.7	7.4	6.0	5.3	3.5
France			2.8	2.4	0.2	0.3	2.5	3.6	3.0	4.2	3.4	3.2	3.1
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			2.2	–2.1	1.7	1.6	1.2	3.2	2.7	3.1	2.3	4.9	3.4
Italy			3.2	–0.1	11.4	2.7	2.8	3.2	4.5	4.4	3.6	2.6	2.6
United Kingdom			1.5	1.6	3.9	2.7	3.0	4.3	5.4	6.8	3.4	1.3	0 1
Other industrial countries			2.6	0.4	0.6	1.8	3.4	3.7	3.2	3.8	4.0	2.2	2 3
	All industrial countries		2.7	0.3	2.6	4.0	4.1	3.7	3.6	4.4	3.4	2.7	2.2
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	2.8	0.3	3.0	4.4	4.2	3.6	3.6	4.5	3.3	2.7	2.2
		European countries	2.4	0.3	1.3	1.6	2.5	3.8	3.7	4.2	3.3	3.0	2.5
		European Community	2.4	0.3	1.2	1.5	2.4	3.7	3.7	4.4	3.4	3.3	2.6
Stockbulding³
Canada			—	–2.0	1.3	1.3	–0.3	0.1	0.1	–0.3	0.4	–0.6	0.3
United States			—	–1.5	0.6	2.1	–1.5	–0.1	0.5	—	—	–0.3	0.1
Japan			–0.1	–0.1	–0.3	0.4	0.4	–0.1	–0.3	0.3	–0.1	–0.2	—
France			–0.1	1.0	–0.9	—	–0.1	0.8	0.3	–0.2	–0.3	—	0.1
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			–0.1	0.1	0.6	0.5	–0.4	0.3	0.1	0.6	0.4	–0.1	—
Italy			–0.3	0.4	–1.0	1.3	—	–0.3	0.3	0.4	–0.2	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom			–0.1	0.6	0.8	–0.1	–0.1	—	0.1	0.8	–0.3	–1.4	0.5
Other industrial countries			–0.1	0.2	–0.5	0.8	0.1	–0.3	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.2	–0.1
	All industrial countries		–0.1	–0.4	0.1	1.2	–0.6	—	0.2	0.2	—	–0.2	0.1
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	—	–0.6	0.2	1.2	–0.8	—	0.2	0.2	—	–0.3	0.l
		European countries	–0.1	0.5	–0.2	0.4	–0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1	–0.1	0.1
		European Community	–0.1	0.5	–0.1	0.4	–0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	–0.2	0.1
Foreign balances³
Canada			–0.4	3.1	–0.4	0.5	–0.5	–0.7	–0.9	–1.1	–1.3	0.6	—
United Slates			0.3	–0.7	–1.5	–2.0	–0.6	–0.7	0.3	1 1	0.5	0.4	0.1
Japan			0.3	0.3	1.5	1.3	1.1	–1.4	–0.6	–1.7	–0.9	0.1	0.2
France			0.2	–0.9	1.4	1.0	–0.6	–1.9	–1.1	–0.3	0.4	–0.2	–0.2
Germany, Fed. Rep, of			0.3	1.0	–0.3	1.3	1.1	–1.0	–1.1	—	1.1	–0.6	0.1
Italy			0.2	–0.1	0.9	–1.0	–0.2	–0.3	–1.8	–0.7	–0.3	–0.1	–0.1
United Kingdom			0.2	–1.0	–1.1	–0.8	1.0	–0.7	–0.7	–3.5	–l.l	1.4	0.8
Other industrial countries			0.1	0.1	1.3	0.5	–0.2	–1.0	–0.6	–0.7	–0.9	—	0.1
	All industrial countries		11.3	–0.1	–0.1	–0.4	—	–0.9	–0.4	–0.2	–0.1	0.2	0.1
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	0.3	–0.2	–0.4	–0.6	—	–0.9	–0.3	–0.2	—	0.2	0.1
		European countries	0.2	–0.1	0.5	0.4	0.2	–1.2	–1.1	–0.8	–0.1	—	0.1
		European Community	0.2	–0.1	0.5	0.4	0.2	–1.2	–1.1	–0.8	–0.1	—	0.1

^²Compound annual rates of change.

^³Changes expressed as a percentage of GNP in the preceding period.

Table A4.

Industrial Countries: Employment, Unemployment, and Real Per Capita GNP, 1972–91

(In percent)

^¹Compound annual rates of change for employment and per capita GNP, and arithmetic averages for unemployment rates.

^²Composites for the country groups are averages of percentage changes for individual countries weighted by the average U.S. dollar value of their respective GNPs over the preceding three years.

^³Composites for the country groups are averages of national unemployment rates weighted by labor force in the respective countries.

Table A4.

Industrial Countries: Employment, Unemployment, and Real Per Capita GNP, 1972–91

(In percent)

			Average¹ 1972–81	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991
Growth in employment²
Canada			3.1	–3.5	0.5	2.4	2.6	2.8	2.9	3.2	2.0	0.9	0.4
United States			2.4	–0.9	1.3	–1.1	2.0	2.3	2.6	2.2	2.0	0.9	1.1
Japan			0.9	1.0	1.7	0.6	0.7	0.8	1.0	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.1
France			0.4	0.2	–0.4	–0.9	–0.3	0.1	0.3	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.8
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			0.1	–1.1	–1.4	0.2	0.8	1.4	0.7	0.8	1.4	1.9	1.3
Italy			1.0	–0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	–0.1	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.5
United Kingdom			0.1	–1.9	–0.2	2.2	1.1	0.3	2.3	3.4	3.1	1.1	–0.6
Other industrial countries			0.5	–0.6	–0.6	0.6	1.3	2.3	1.7	1.5	? 9	1.3	1.0
	All industrial countries		1.4	–0.6	0.5	2.1	1.4	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.2	0.9
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	1.5	–0.6	0.7	2.3	1.4	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.2	0.9
		European countries	0.3	–0.8	–0.5	0.3	0.6	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.5	1.2	0.7
		European Community	0.2	–0.9	–0.5	0.3	0.5	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.6	1.2	0.8
Unemployment rates³
Canada			7.0	11.0	11.8	11.2	10.5	9.5	8.9	7.8	7.5	7.8	8.6
United States			6.6	9.7	9.6	7.5	7.2	7.0	6.2	5.5	5.3	5.4	5.5
Japan			1.9	2.4	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.3	2.1	2.2
France			4.6	8.1	8.3	9.7	10.5	10.4	10.5	10.0	9.5	9.0	8.8
Germany, Fed, Rep. of			3.1	6.7	8.1	8.1	8.2	7.9	7.6	7.6	6.8	6.2	6.0
Italy			7.4	9.1	9.9	10.1	10.3	11.1	12.0	12.0	12.0	11.9	11.8
United Kingdom			4.0	9.5	10.4	10.7	10.9	11.2	10.2	8.2	6.2	5.9	6.8
Other industrial countries			4.5	9.3	10.8	11.1	11.0	10.4	10.1	9.6	8.8	8.5	8.4
	All industrial countries		4.8	8.0	8.6	8.1	8.0	7.9	7.5	6.9	6.4	6.2	6.3
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	4.9	7.7	8.1	7.4	7.4	7.3	6.9	6.3	5.9	5.7	5.9
		European countries	4.6	8.8	9.8	10.2	10.5	10.4	10.1	9.5	8.7	8.3	8.3
		European Community	4.9	9.4	10.5	11.0	11.2	11.1	10.9	10.3	9.3	8.9	8.9
Growth in real per capita GNP²
Canada			3.1	–4.2	2.3	5.5	4.0	2.5	3.0	3.2	1.7	–0.2	–0.1
United States			1.7	–3.5	2.6	5.8	2.4	l.8	2 4	3.5	1.5	0.3	0.7
Japan			3.5	2.4	2.5	4.4	4.3	1.8	4.1	5.1	4.3	4.5	3.3
France			2.4	2.0	0.2	0.9	1.5	2 1	1.8	3.4	3.1	2.7	2.6
Germany, Fed. Rep, of			2.4	–0.9	2.3	3.7	2.2	2.2	1.5	3.2	2.9	3.0	2.7
Italy			3.2	0.1	0.8	3.9	2.3	2.4	2.9	4.0	3.0	2.6	2.5
United Kingdom			1.5	1.8	3.5	1.9	3.4	3.3	4.4	4.3	2.1	1.3	1.2
Other industrial countries			1.9	–0.1	1.1	3.2	2.7	i 9	2.3	2.6	3.1	2.0	1.9
	All industrial countries		1.2	–0.9	2.1	4.4	2.7	2.0	2.7	3.7	2.6	1.9	1.8
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	2.2	–1.1	2.3	4.5	2.7	2.0	2.8	3.8	2.6	1.9	1.8
		European countries	2.3	0.5	1.7	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.4	3.4	2.9	2.4	2.3
		European Community	2.3	0.6	1.6	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.5	3.6	3.0	2.6	2.4

^¹Compound annual rates of change for employment and per capita GNP, and arithmetic averages for unemployment rates.

^²Composites for the country groups are averages of percentage changes for individual countries weighted by the average U.S. dollar value of their respective GNPs over the preceding three years.

^³Composites for the country groups are averages of national unemployment rates weighted by labor force in the respective countries.

Table A4.

Industrial Countries: Employment, Unemployment, and Real Per Capita GNP, 1972–91

(In percent)

			Average¹ 1972–81	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991
Growth in employment²
Canada			3.1	–3.5	0.5	2.4	2.6	2.8	2.9	3.2	2.0	0.9	0.4
United States			2.4	–0.9	1.3	–1.1	2.0	2.3	2.6	2.2	2.0	0.9	1.1
Japan			0.9	1.0	1.7	0.6	0.7	0.8	1.0	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.1
France			0.4	0.2	–0.4	–0.9	–0.3	0.1	0.3	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.8
Germany, Fed. Rep. of			0.1	–1.1	–1.4	0.2	0.8	1.4	0.7	0.8	1.4	1.9	1.3
Italy			1.0	–0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	–0.1	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.5
United Kingdom			0.1	–1.9	–0.2	2.2	1.1	0.3	2.3	3.4	3.1	1.1	–0.6
Other industrial countries			0.5	–0.6	–0.6	0.6	1.3	2.3	1.7	1.5	? 9	1.3	1.0
	All industrial countries		1.4	–0.6	0.5	2.1	1.4	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.2	0.9
	Of which,
		Seven major countries above	1.5	–0.6	0.7	2.3	1.4	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.2	0.9
		European countries	0.3	–0.8	–0.5	0.3	0.6	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.5	1.2	0.7
		European Community	0.2	–0.9	–0.5	0.3	0.5	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.6	1.2	0.8
Unemployment rates³
Canada			7.0	11.0	11.8	11.2	10.5	9.5	8.9	7.8	7.5	7.8	8.6
United States			6.6	9.7	9.6	7.5	7.2

Topics

Countries

Series

About

Resources

Abstract

Assumptions and Conventions

Classification of Countries

Countries Classified by Predominant Export

Countries Classified by Financial Criteria

Miscellaneous Groups

List of Tables

Output

Inflation

Financial policies

Trade

Current account transactions

Current account financing

External debt and debt service

Medium-term baseline scenario