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Middle East and Central Asia > Yemen, Republic of

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 13 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Are Banks Really Lazy? Evidence from Middle East and North Africa
Mr. Simon T Gray
,
Mr. Philippe D Karam
, and
Ms. Rima A Turk
We investigate whether low loan-to-deposit (LTD) ratios and high levels of reserve balances at the central bank (or holdings of government securities) are a reflection of policy-driven factors compared to commonly cited reasons of reluctance to lend or sometimes weak investment demand in uncertain environments. We examine changes to central bank (CB) balance sheet structures as well as commercial banks’ flow of funds over the period 2007–2012. First, Middle East and North Africa (MENA) CBs play an active role in view of their size that is very large with respect to their economies compared to CBs in advanced economies. Second, under exchange rate targeting, most MENA CB balance sheets are asset-driven, holding foreign exchange (FX) reserves to support the exchange rate policy and resulting in lower loan-to-deposit (LTD) ratios in the case of unsterilized increases in FX. Third, CB policy decisions seem to be accompanied by an increase in commercial bank reserve money balances, with ensuing reduction in the LTD. Finally, if governments meet their financing needs from the banking system—whether from commercial banks or by monetary financing—commercial bank balance sheets will tend to expand, resulting in lower LTD ratios. Our analysis suggests that government and CB actions may also drive the demand for and supply of credit, which are traditionally attributed to the behavior of banks and non-financial corporates and households only. The findings offer a different interpretation of changes in CB and banks’ balance sheets, with direct implications for LTD, calling to exercise caution in recommending policy action which aim at propping up LTD to ‘appropriate’ levels in an effort to reinvigorate credit following a downturn.
Keywords:
WP; Ltd ratio; balance sheet structure; CB action; asset purchase; CB financing; FX reserve; MENA; central banks; banks; credit; a number of AE CBs; CB bill; CB asset; credit growth; Commercial banks; Financial statements; Bank credit; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Inflation Dynamics in Yemen: An Empirical Analysis
Abdullah Almounsor
Yemen has had a high and volatile rate of inflation in recent years. This paper studies the underlying determinants of inflation dynamics in Yemen using three different approaches: (i) a single equation model, (ii) a Structural Vector Autoregression Model, and (iii) a Vector Error Correction Model. The outcomes suggest that inflation dynamics in Yemen are driven by international price shocks, exchange rate depreciation, domestic demand shocks, and monetary innovations. The impact of international prices and exchange rate depreciation indicate a significant pass-through of import prices. In the short run, external shocks of international prices and the exchange rate account for most variations in inflation, but domestic shocks to money supply and domestic demand explain larger variations in the medium term.
Keywords:
WP; demand-pull inflation; inflation dynamics; Inflation; pass-through; domestic demand; and money supply; inflation response; inflation elasticity; variance inflation; inflation variation; inflation shock; inflation in Yemen; Monetary base; Exchange rates; Vector error correction models; Structural vector autoregression
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Yemen: Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; net; Yemen; deposit; Yemen Gulf bank; commercial bank bank deposit; central bank of Yemen; factor income; return on equity; capital goods; pension fund deposit; return on assets; output share; quasi money deposit; fund staff estimate; public enterprise deposit; Oil; Commercial banks; Bank deposits; Imports; Oil exports; Africa
Cover Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund
Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

The Thirty-Sixth Issue of Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund includes decisions, interpretations, and resolutions of the Executive Board and the Board of Governors of the IMF, as well as selected documents relevant to the current activities of the Fund.

Keywords:
SELD; sc; fund; decisions of the executive board; capital transfer; allocations of special drawing rights; decision No. 1238; Japanese yen; Currencies; Personal income; Credit; Multiple currency practices; Loans; Global; Africa; amount of SDR; Reserve assets; Income
Cover Financial Organization and Operations of the IMF
Financial Organization and Operations of the IMF
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

The financial structure and operations of the IMF are described in this pamphlet, as well as the sources of IMF financing, the policies associated with the use of IMF resources, and the role of the IMF as trustee to various accounts that are administered by it.

Keywords:
PAM; IMF membership; equity allocation; IMF arrangement; adjustment program; liquidity position; Currencies; Gold; Credit; International monetary system; SDR interest rate; Global; Africa; Asia and Pacific; unit of account; IMF's article; Reserve assets; Balance of payments need
Cover Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund
Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This Volume contains decisions, interpretations, and resolutions of the Executive Board and the Board of Governors of the IMF, as well as selected documents relating to current activities of the Fund.

Keywords:
SELD; decisions of the executive board; allocations of special drawing rights; capital transfer; decision No. 1238; selected document; Currencies; Personal income; Credit; Multiple currency practices; Loans; Global; Africa
Cover Financial Organization and Operations of the IMF (Revised 1998)
Financial Organization and Operations of the IMF (Revised 1998)
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This paper discusses the financial organization and operations of the IMF. The policies and activities of the IMF are guided by its charter, known as the Articles of Agreement. The IMF is unique among intergovernmental organizations in its combination of regulatory, consultative, and financial functions, which derive from the purposes for which it was established. The IMF is concerned with not only the problems of individual countries but also the workings of the international monetary system as a whole. Its activities focus on promoting policies and strategies through which its members can work together to ensure a stable world financial system and sustainable economic growth.

Keywords:
PAM; SDR; currency; adjustment program; liquidity position; unit of account; IMF arrangement; IMF's article; Currencies; Credit; International monetary system; Balance of payments need; Reserve positions; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund
Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This volume contains decisions, interpretations, and resolutions of the Executive Board and the Board of Governors of the IMF, as well as selected documents relating to current activities of the Fund.

Keywords:
SELD; selected document; decisions of the executive board; allocations of special drawing rights; No. 6-8; Japanese yen; Currencies; Multiple currency practices; Personal income; Reserve assets; Loans; Global; Africa; Central and Eastern Europe; Eastern Europe; United Nations General Assembly 377; capital transfer; Imports; Credit
Cover IMF Working Papers
Dollarization in Lebanon
Mr. Johannes Mueller
The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.
Keywords:
WP; foreign currency deposit; currency substitution; interest rate differential; dollarization ratio; unit of account; dollarization process; management technique; CS-ratio ratchet; currency depreciation; Lebanese pound; Dollarization; Bank deposits; Currencies; Depreciation; Demand for money; Middle East
Cover IMF Working Papers
Collection Lags, Fiscal Revenue and Inflationary Financing: Empirical Evidence and Analysis
Mr. Nurun N. Choudhry
The paper provides empirical evidence on collection lags in major categories of government revenue and analyzes the estimated revenue-eroding effects of inflation within the standard model of inflationary finance. The evidence indicates a wide variation in collection lags among the categories of revenues. The estimated erosion of real fiscal revenue, although varied in the sample countries, appears to have substantially offset gains from the inflation tax, thereby severely restricting the use of this form of taxation in generating resources.
Keywords:
WP; inflation revenue; revenue effect; collection lag; fiscal revenue; effects of inflation; Inflation; Personal income; Monetary base; Public enterprises