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Middle East and Central Asia > Uzbekistan, Republic of

You are looking at 1 - 2 of 2 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Tax Potential vs. Tax Effort: A Cross-Country Analysis of Armenia's Stubbornly Low Tax Collection
Mr. David A. Grigorian
and
Mr. Hamid R Davoodi
Despite recording double digit growth since 2000, Armenia's tax-to-GDP ratio has been fairly stable at about 14½ percent. This paper catalogues a range of factors that may account for Armenia's stubbornly for tax collection by benchmarking Armenia's tax-to-GDP against some comparator countries and conducting an extensive econometric study of the main determinants of tax collection. We find empirical support for the hypothesis that the persistence of Armenia's low tax-GDP ratio can be traced to persistence of weak institutions and a large shadow economy. The gap between the potential and actual tax collection in Armenia could be as high as 6½ percent of GDP. We conclude with some policy recommendations that, if adopted, can boost revenue buoyancy.
Keywords:
WP; Armenia; tax revenue; tax potential; tax collection; institutions; shadow economy; tax-to-GDP ratio; CIS country; tax effort; revenue buoyancy; VAT collection; tax performance; tax morale; small share; Income and capital gains taxes; Tax administration core functions; Informal economy; Middle East and Central Asia
Cover IMF Policy Discussion Papers
The State of Tax Policy in the Central Asian and Transcaucasian Newly Independent States (NIS)
Mr. Julio Escolano
and
Mr. Parthasarathi Shome
Two possible tax policy strategies for the NIS are: (1) an optimal nondistortionary tax structure as a one-shot action; and (2) a structure with identifiable and clearly understood distortionary elements as a temporary phenomenon to close the fiscal gap. An assessment of NIS tax structures reveals that they conform to neither. They are rapidly acquiring complex features comprising multiple rates, exemptions, and other difficult-to administer properties, with uncertain ramifications for efficiency, equity, and the fiscal deficit. Steady--and perhaps prolonged--effort needs to be made if simple, broad-based, and revenue-productive tax structures are to be achieved. This is a Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment and the author(s) would welcome any comments on the present text. Citations should refer to a Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment of the International Monetary Fund, mentioning the author(s) and the date of issuance. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Fund.
Keywords:
PDP; firm; profit; enterprise profits; VAT administration; profits tax; profits taxation; VAT system; VAT base; market economy; VAT structure; Value-added tax; Income tax systems; Personal income tax; Income; Personal income; Central Asia; Global