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Africa > Uganda

You are looking at 1 - 8 of 8 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Business Taxes and Subsidies x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Search Externalities in Firm-to-Firm Trade
I develop a model of firm-to-firm search and matching to show that the impact of falling trade costs on firm sourcing decisions and consumer welfare depends on the relative size of search externalities in domestic and international markets. These externalities can be positive if firms share information about potential matches, or negative if the market is congested. Using unique firm-to-firm transaction-level data from Uganda, I document empirical evidence consistent with positive externalities in international markets and negative externalities in domestic markets. I then build a dynamic quantitative version of the model and show that, in Uganda, a 25% reduction in trade costs led to a 3.7% increase in consumer welfare, 12% of which was due to search externalities.
Keywords:
Firm-to-Firm Trade; VAT Data; Search-and-Matching; Importing; transport cost reduction; buyer-supplier search; search externality; welfare gains from trade; consumer welfare; Imports; Labor market frictions; Search models; Value-added tax; East Africa; Global
Cover Technical Notes and Manuals
Revenue Administration: Autonomy in Tax Administration and the Revenue Authority Model
William Joseph Crandall
This technical note focuses on the concept of autonomy and describes why it is important in public administration. There has been a tendency for governments to increase the autonomy of their departments and agencies. The basic principle is that such autonomy can lead to better performance by removing impediments to effective and efficient management while maintaining appropriate accountability and transparency. This note explains how autonomy is relevant for revenue administration and what is the range of autonomy currently practiced. The paper also describes key measures of autonomy in revenue administration.
Keywords:
TNM; government; administration; revenue; RA governance model; tax administration; revenue administration; Revenue Authority; autonomy; governance; public administration; accounting entity; government control; government institution; government organization; government Sructures; Semi-autonomous revenue bodies; Tax administration core functions; Revenue laws; Human capital; Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Revenue Authorities: Issues and Problems in Evaluating their Success
Ms. Maureen Kidd
and
William Joseph Crandall
Revenue authorities (RAs) have been adopted by some countries as an alternative delivery model for improved revenue administration. They are sometimes seen as a possible solution to problems such as low rates of tax compliance, ineffective tax administration staff, and corruption. The paper discusses RAs as a governance model, from the perspective of revenue administration and the almost universal desire to improve performance and compliance with the law. It compiles and analyses features of the model, examines reasons why revenue authorities were established, and explores the extent to which countries have evaluated the success of the model. It also assesses countries' own perceptions about how this model may have contributed to tax administration reform. Further, the paper discusses data collection difficulties in carrying out an assessment using econometric analysis, and the problem of attributing changes in performance to a particular governance model. The paper concludes that while there are subjective perceptions among countries with revenue authorities that their model has led to improved revenue administration and has spurred modernization, there is no objective analysis that countries with RAs have performed better in this regard than countries without RAs.
Keywords:
WP; RA governance model; human resources; government department; RA governance structure; Revenue authority; revenue administration; governance; tax compliance autonomy; accountability; tax; customs; RA country; RA model; RA performance; RA governance framework; Tax administration core functions; Human capital; Human resources in revenue administration; Customs administration core functions; Africa; administration Tributaria; Ra survey population; D. human resources autonomy; Tax Administration Superintendencia de Administración Tributaria; Ra scope; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Islamic Republic of Mauritania: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
Statistical data and issues are discussed in this paper. Mauritania reached the completion point under the enhanced Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries. In July 2004, a new economic team took actions to tighten fiscal and monetary policies. The authorities intend to adopt sound principles for oil revenue management and tracking (various frameworks, such as the one proposed in the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative, are under consideration). Executive Directors welcomed the authorities’ willingness to prepare for the transition to a more flexible exchange rate.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Mauritania; expenditure; price; poverty incidence; poverty-reducing effect; poverty perception; growth record; poverty increase; squared poverty gap; poverty indicator; Oil; gas and mining taxes; Oil prices; Sub-Saharan Africa; C. poverty perception; hydrocarbon sector; Statistical Appendix table; fish catch; I. managing oil wealth
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Haiti: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper reviews key trends in Haiti’s fiscal performance over the past decade and discusses various options for strengthening the fiscal system. It suggests that a key challenge will be to generate adequate resources to support development, which requires an increase in outlays on social programs, security, and infrastructure investment to at least the levels observed in other low-income countries. The paper reviews revenue trends and key features of the tax system. It also illustrates that Haiti’s public sector employment is far smaller than in other countries.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Haiti; BRH; wage; expenditure; reserve; BRH bond; BRH loss; BRH balance sheet; wage bill; BRH credit; Public employment; Exports; Value-added tax; Civil service; Western Hemisphere; Caribbean; Africa; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
A Quest for Revenue and Tax Incidence in Uganda
Mr. John J Matovu
,
Duanjie Chen
, and
Ritva Reinikka-Soininen
This paper examines tax policy and tax reforms in Uganda. Using household survey evidence, the paper identifies which taxes are progressive and investigates whether tax reforms have made the poor better or worse off. Household survey analysis reveals that some of the tax reforms implemented in the 1990s were generally pro-poor. The paper also examines business taxation and the actual tax burden on firms’ capital investment. The analysis demonstrates that, even when the country’s level of public revenue is low at the macroeconomic level, rapidly increasing taxation may pose a constraint to private investment at the microeconomic level.
Keywords:
WP; firm; survey evidence; depreciation rate; tax-holiday firm; Tax Reforms; Tax Incidence; B. firm Incidence analysis; firm survey; Ugandan firm; Marginal effective tax rate; Value-added tax; Corporate income tax; Tax holidays; East Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Composition of Government Expenditure, Human Capital Accumulation, and Welfare
Mr. John J Matovu
This paper uses a dynamic general equilibrium model calibrated to Ugandan data to examine the welfare effects of alternative scenarios of government expenditure and tax financing. Two expenditure types are considered: social spending that affects human capital, and infrastructure expenditures that affect productivity. The paper finds that social expenditures lead to higher economic growth depending on the form of financing; young generations benefit most from social spending financed by consumption taxes; agents do not substitute between human and physical capital as a result of changes in expenditure composition; and improving the productivity of fiscal expenditure is both growth and welfare enhancing.
Keywords:
WP; capital stock; physical capital; public expenditure; government expenditure; welfare; growth; tax financing; infrastructure expenditure; age-consumption profile; expenditure policy change; policy reform; aggregate consumption; government investment expenditure; financing expenditure; Human capital; Health care spending; Consumption taxes; Education spending; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Uganda: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix describes how to improve value-added tax (VAT) compliance in Uganda. The paper highlights that although the VAT in Uganda has a single positive rate and broad coverage, its initial threshold of U Sh 20 million may have been set too low, and a number of items that should have been exempted were zero rated. This paper presents a brief survey of the financial sector of Uganda. Public sector reforms and the privatization program are also discussed.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; VAT; enterprise; taxpayer; government; tax; interbank treasury bill market; privatized enterprise; monopoly position; master repurchase agreement; BOU control; enforcement officer; Public employment; Privatization; Value-added tax; Education spending; Civil service; Sub-Saharan Africa