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Zixuan Huang
,
Amina Lahreche
,
Mika Saito
, and
Ursula Wiriadinata
E-money development has important yet theoretically ambiguous consequences for monetary policy transmission, because nonbank deposit-taking e-money issuers (EMIs) (e.g., mobile network operators) can either complement or substitute banks. Case studies of e-money regulations point to complementarity of EMIs with banks, implying that the development of e-money could deepen financial intermediation and strengthen monetary policy transmission. The issue is further explored with panel data, on both monthly (covering 21 countries) and annual (covering 47 countries) frequencies, over 2001 to 2019. We use a two-way fixed effect estimator to estimate the causal effects of e-money development on monetary policy transmission. We find that e-money development has accompanied stronger monetary policy transmission (measured by the responsiveness of interest rates to the policy rate), growth in bank deposits and credit, and efficiency gains in financial intermediation (measured by the lending-to-deposit rate spread). Evidence is more pronounced in countries where e-money development takes off in a context of limited financial inclusion. This paper highlights the potential benefits of e-money development in strengthening monetary policy transmission, especially in countries with limited financial inclusion.
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This Technical Assistance Report discusses the recommendations made by the IMF mission to assist Uganda in moving toward risk-based supervision of insurance sector. It highlights that under the revised insurance legislation, the Insurance Regulatory Authority of Uganda (IRA) will be requiring nonlife insurers to provide certification for adequacy of technical provisions by an actuary as is currently required for life insurers. When the requirement comes into effect, it will be necessary for it to be supported by guidance from IRA in terms of its expectations for the actuarial reports to be filed. This will ensure consistency in reporting to the IRA and that the reports will provide the information needed by the IRA for supervisory purposes.