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Africa > Uganda

You are looking at 1 - 6 of 6 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Business and Economics x
  • Demand for Money x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Monetization in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Mr. Noriaki Kinoshita
and
Mr. Cameron McLoughlin
The degree of an economy’s monetization, which has an important implication on economic growth, can be affected by the conduct of monetary policy, financial sector reform, and episodes of financial crises. The paper finds that monetization--measured by the ratio of broad money to nominal GDP-- in low- to middle-income countries is significantly correlated with per-capita GDP, real interest rates, and financial sector reform. It suggests that maintaining an upward momentum in monetization can be an important policy objective, particularly for low-income countries, and that monetary and financial sector policies need to be conducive to enhancing monetization.
Keywords:
WP; monetization; monetization ratio; rate; GDP; Financial Sector Reform; Low- and Middle-Income Countries; inflation expectation; central bank financing; monetization experience; influence monetization; monetization outcome; Deposit rates; Financial sector development; Bank deposits; Inflation; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
On the Optimal Adherence to Money Targets in a New-Keynesian Framework: An Application to Low-Income Countries
Mr. Andrew Berg
,
Ms. Filiz D Unsal
, and
Mr. Rafael A Portillo
Many low-income countries continue to describe their monetary policy framework in terms of targets on monetary aggregates. This contrasts with most modern discussions of monetary policy, and with most practice. We extend the new-Keynesian model to provide a role for “M” in the conduct of monetary policy, and examine the conditions under which some adherence to money targets is optimal. In the spirit of Poole (1970), this role is based on the incompleteness of information available to the central bank, a pervasive issues in these countries. Ex-ante announcements/forecasts for money growth are consistent with a Taylor rule for the relevant short-term interest rate. Ex-post, the policy maker must choose his relative adherence to interest rate and money growth targets. Drawing on the method in Svensson and Woodford (2004), we show that the optimal adherence to ex-ante targets is equivalent to a signal extraction problem where the central bank uses the money market information to update its estimate of the state of the economy. We estimate the model, using Bayesian methods, for Tanzania, Uganda (both de jure money targeters), and Ghana (a de jure inflation targeter), and compare the de facto adherence to targets with the optimal use of money market information in each country.
Keywords:
WP; interest rate
Cover IMF Working Papers
Sources of Inflation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Mr. Shanaka J Peiris
and
Régis Barnichon
This paper explores the sources of inflation in Sub-Saharan Africa by examining the relationship between inflation, the output gap, and the real money gap. Using heterogeneous panel cointegration estimation techniques, we estimate cointegrating vectors for the production function and the real money demand function to recover the structural output and money gaps for seventeen African countries. The central finding is that both gaps contain significant information regarding the evolution of inflation, albeit with a larger role played by the money gap. There is no significant evidence of asymmetry in the relationship.
Keywords:
WP; money gap; excess demand; Inflation; Phillips curve; Money Demand; Panel Cointegration; Growth Accounting; panel money demand estimation; money demand function; Phillips Curve Panel GMM; inflation movement; output gap measure; Output gap; Demand for money; Potential output; Estimation techniques; Sub-Saharan Africa; integration estimation technique; Cointegration regression
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Mauritius: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix analyzes the labor market of Mauritius. It highlights that the high level of youth unemployment in Mauritius points to deficiencies in education and training. There are also significant rigidities in the functioning of the labor market that aggravate the problem. In particular, the Mauritian labor market is highly regulated and the relevant institutions operate according to a legalistic approach in which economic criteria play a relatively minor role.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; rate of return; money demand; firm; Mauritian rupee; net acquisition; yield; opening balance; time deposit; cash inflow; opportunity cost; Currencies; Agricultural commodities; Demand for money; Treasury bills and bonds; Caribbean
Cover IMF Working Papers
Financial Liberalization, Money Demand, and Inflation in Uganda
Mr. Jean-Claude Nachega
This paper uses cointegration analysis to investigate the empirical relationship among money, prices, income, and a vector of interest rates in Uganda from 1982 to 1998. Despite the substantial financial market liberalization that has taken place in the early 1990s, quarterly time-series data confirm that a stable relationship prevailed among real broad money, income, and domestic and foreign interest rates. The empirical results indicate income homogeneity, a strong own-rate-of-return effect, a high degree of international capital mobility and asset substitutability, and demonstrate that both domestic and foreign factors are important determinants of inflation in Uganda.
Keywords:
WP; money demand; exchange rate; treasury bill; Uganda; inflation; financial liberalization; cointegration; broad money velocity; demand function; exchange rate depreciation; velocity equation; depreciation rate; inflation process; Monetary base; Demand for money; Velocity of money; Interbank rates; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Policy towards Commodity Shocks in Developing Countries
Ms. Jan Gunning
and
Mr. Paul Collier
On the basis of a comparative study of 23 episodes involving commodity price shocks we find that both the public and private sectors typically save around half of a windfall gain resulting from a price rise. We argue that private windfalls should be left with the private sector rather than taxed. The focus of policy towards windfalls should be monetary rather than fiscal. The central bank should accommodate aggregate changes in the demand for financial assets. The private sector will initially wish to increase its claims on the central bank as it saves the windfall, but will then reduce them as portfolios are switched into real assets.
Keywords:
WP; private sector; rate; price level; savings rate; financial asset; rate of return; asset demand; investment rate; windfall income; Income; Monetary base; Reserves accumulation; Agricultural commodities; Demand for money; Africa