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Africa > Uganda

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Cover Regional Trade Arrangements in Africa
Regional Trade Arrangements in Africa
Mr. Sanjeev Gupta
and
Yongzheng Yang

Abstract

In recent years, African policymakers have increasingly resorted to regional trade arrangements (RTAs) as a substitute for broad-based trade liberalization. This trend has long-term implications for the effectiveness of trade policy as a tool for poverty reduction and growth. This paper examines the record of RTAs in promoting trade and investment. It also explores policy measures that may help improve RTAs' performance.

Keywords:
ISI; SI; liberalization; RTAs; trade policy priority; trade diversion; trade; trade liberalization work; regional trade arrangements; trading cost; MFN liberalization; trade arrangements in Africa; Trade liberalization; Trade facilitation; Exports; Tariffs; Trade barriers; Africa; East Asia; Global
Cover Changing Customs
Changing Customs
Challenges and Strategies for the Reform of Customs Administration
Mr. Michael Keen

Abstract

This paper, based on the considerable practical experience of the IMF’s Fiscal Affairs Department, sets out a successful strategy for modernizing customs administration. The essence is to establish transparent and simple rules and procedures, and to foster voluntary compliance by building a system of self-assessment supported by well-designed audit policies. Having set out this strategy--and its benefits--the paper discusses in depth what is required in terms of trade policy, valuation procedures, dealing with duty reliefs and exemptions, controlling transit movements, organizational reform, use of new technologies, private sector involvement, and designing incentive systems for an effective customs administration.

Keywords:
ISI; SI; customs; administration; goods; Customs administration; customs collector; customs revenue; customs control; psi company; Customs administration core functions; Tariffs; Imports; Administration in revenue administration; Duties; West Africa; Africa; Middle East; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global; Valuation; origin and classification; Asia and Pacific
Cover Trade and Trade Policies in Eastern and Southern Africa
Trade and Trade Policies in Eastern and Southern Africa
Mr. Arvind Subramanian

Abstract

Since the early 1990s, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have made significant progress in opening their economies to external competition through trade and currency liberalization. This paper analyzes trade and policy developments for 22 countries in eastern and southern Africa, looks at regional and multilateral integration issues, and reflects on the main challenges these countries face in the new decade. It addresses the main trade policy issues for these countries and suggests possible actions they and their trading partners could follow.

Keywords:
OP; ESA country; country; liberalization; bottom; ESA; ESA region; trade liberalization effort; SADC free trade protocol; island economy; Tariffs; Trade liberalization; Exports; Taxes on trade; Trade policy; Africa; Southern Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Papers
IMF Staff papers: Volume 13 No. 3
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
This paper explores trends in payment imbalances between 1952 and 1964. When desired reserves deviate appreciably from actual holdings, the authorities will sooner or later readjust their economic policies to reduce the magnitude of the deviation. On the assumption that the priorities given in individual countries to domestic and external objectives of economic policy and the attitudes toward the use of various policy instruments remain unchanged, desired reserves would tend to rise chiefly as a result of the increase in the size of expected payments fluctuations. International reserves of all 65 countries of the study rose over the period studied by 2.5 per cent a year. This low rate of increase reflects, however, the large reduction in US reserves. For all countries of the study excluding the United States, the reserves grew by 6.0 per cent a year. Leaving aside the loss of reserves by the United States, reserves of all countries appear, therefore, to have grown roughly in proportion to the value of trade and to the size of payments imbalances.
Keywords:
SP; fund; center; deficit; balance of payments; payments imbalance; export tax; fund member; reserve claim; parity rate; Reserve assets; Tariffs; Gold; Exports; Reserve positions; Africa; Middle East; Asia and Pacific; Western Europe; Europe