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Africa > Uganda

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of South Sudan: Technical Assistance Report-Report on External Sector Statistics Mission
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
This Technical Assistance Mission has been undertaken to support the Bank of South Sudan (BSS) in improving external sector statistics (ESS). The recommendations made during the 2018 mission for the recording of oil exports and transactions with Sudan under the Transitional Financial Agreement were implemented by the BSS. The mission worked toward enhancing the inter-agency cooperation by meeting with selected public sector bodies, providing them with an overview of the balance of payments and the data that the BSS will request from them. Before the end of the mission, requested data from one of the entities, the Civil Aviation Authority was provided. A work program was developed to conduct a visitor expenditure survey and a preliminary International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity template was submitted to IMF’s Statistics Department for review. In order to support progress in the various work areas, the mission recommended a detailed one-year action plan, with the several priority recommendations carrying weight to make headway in improving ESS reliability.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; center; bill; import invoice; import entry; BSS compiler; BSS staff; balance of payments compiler; goods imports; Imports; External sector statistics; Interest payments; Government debt management; Africa; Fiscal accounting and reporting
Cover IMF Working Papers
When and Why Worry About Real Exchange Rate Appreciation? The Missing Link Between Dutch Disease and Growth
International Monetary Fund
We review the literature on Dutch disease, and document that shocks that trigger foreign exchange inflows (such as natural resource booms, surges in foreign aid, remittances, or capital inflows) appreciate the real exchange rate, generate factor reallocation, and reduce manufacturing output and net exports. We also observe that real exchange rate misalignment due to overvaluation and higher volatility of the real exchange rate lower growth. Regarding the effect of undervaluation of the exchange rate on economic growth, the evidence is mixed and inconclusive. However, there is no evidence in the literature that Dutch disease reduces overall economic growth. Policy responses should aim at adequately managing the boom and the risks associated with it.
Keywords:
WP; natural resource; DD effect; exchange rate appreciation; open economy; DD shock; real exchange rate; Dutch disease; growth; exchange rate overvaluation; exchange rate volatility; learning by doing; exchange rate intervention; DD phenomenon; undervalued exchange rate; Dutch disease effects; overvalued exchange rate; DD model; Real exchange rates; Natural resources; Exchange rates; Asia and Pacific; Caribbean; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover Departmental Papers
Tanzania: The Story of an African Transition
Mr. Roger Nord
,
Mr. Yuri V Sobolev
,
Mr. David G. Dunn
,
Alejandro Hajdenberg
,
Mr. Niko A Hobdari
,
Samar Maziad
, and
Stéphane Roudet
This volume documents Tanzania’s remarkable turnaround from severe economic distress in 1985, and reviews the economic policies that twenty years later contributed to a successful reversal. Tanzania still faces many policy and reform challenges, despite the many recent economic achievements the country has experienced.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; government; exchange rate; local government; enterprise; production function; trade diversion; monetary policy; private sector; foreign exchange; economic growth; Trade balance; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa; Global; Southern Africa
Cover The Macroeconomic Management of Foreign Aid
The Macroeconomic Management of Foreign Aid
Opportunities and Pitfalls
Boriana Yontcheva
,
Mr. Peter Isard
,
Mr. Leslie Lipschitz
, and
Mr. Alex Mourmouras

Abstract

Relatively slow progress toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by their 2015 target date has added urgency to the challenge of reducing global poverty. The authors of this new book--who include scholars from the IMF, World Bank, Oxford University, and the Center for Global Development--argue that the MDGs cannot be achieved without a substantial scaling up of foreign aid. They show how such increased aid flows must be managed effectively to ensure the greatest benefit. And they offer analysis and insight on a variety of macroeconomic policy implications that both donors and recipients should consider.

Keywords:
SEM; GDP; country; early-impact aid; recipient country policy; poverty reduction; natural resource; international community; Real exchange rates; Poverty reduction; Aid flows; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global; East Asia; Eastern Europe; GDP shock; Caribbean
Cover IMF Survey
Research: What changes institutions?
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.

With one billion people in developing countries living on less than $1 a day, the elimination of extreme poverty remains high on the policy agenda of the international community. Sustained high rates of economic growth are critical to poverty reduction, and improved growth performance in many cases requires improvements in the quality of basic economic institutions such as property rights and governance, including a reduction in corruption. But what spurs institutional improvements? Can better institutions be built quickly? The September 2005 World Economic Outlook (WEO) takes stock of existing knowledge and identifies several factors that appear to enhance institutional quality.

Keywords:
SV; SDR interest rate; IMF forum; government accountability; country competition; a number of country; transparency code; IMF staff calculation; Corruption; Natural resources; Aid flows
Cover IMF Working Papers
Local Financial Development and the Aid-Growth Relationship
Ms. Mwanza Nkusu
and
Selin Sayek
With official development assistance (ODA) set to rise as countries strive to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), aid effectiveness remains an important area of development policy. An increasing number of studies support the notion that ODA can contribute to growth in a nonlinear relationship. In this paper, we investigate a new hypothesis regarding this relationship: that deeper financial markets in aid-recipient countries facilitate the management of aid flows, thereby enhancing aid effectiveness. An empirical analysis, using a panel data set, finds robust support for the hypothesis.
Keywords:
WP; financial market; financial market depth; interaction term; Foreign aid; economic growth; poverty; financial development; depth indicator; financial market development; depth measure; Aid flows; Financial sector development; Real exchange rates; Development assistance; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover Policy Papers
Fund Assistance for Countries Facing Exogenous Shocks
International Monetary Fund
NULL
Keywords:
PP; low-income country; price shock; PRGF arrangement; terms-of-trade shock; commodity price fluctuation; government expenditure; recipient country; balance of payments; fund Assistance; fund Involvement; commodity price data; fund arrangement; Natural disasters; Disaster aid; Export prices; Emergency assistance; Personal income; Caribbean; Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Is Policy Ownership An Operational Concept?
Mr. James M. Boughton
and
Mr. Alex Mourmouras
IMF lending is generally conditional on specified policies and outcomes. These conditions usually are negotiated compromises between policies initially favored by the Fund and by the country's authorities. In some cases the authorities might be satisfied enough with the outcome to take responsibility for it ("own" it) even though it was not their original preference. In other cases, they might accept the outcome only to obtain financing, in which case weak commitment might lead to poor implementation. This paper reviews the theoretical basis for the importance of ownership, summarizes what is known about its empirical effects, and suggests a strategy for strengthening it.
Keywords:
WP; recipient country government; government need; government decision-makers; policy reaction function; ownership; IMF; conditionality; common agency models; State capture; representative government; recipient government; central bank carrying out; government ownership; government failure; country's authorities; Multilateral development institutions; Structural reforms
Cover IMF Working Papers
Structural Adjustment, Economic Performance, and Aid Dependency in Tanzania
Isha Agrawal
,
Zafar U. Ahmed
,
Mr. Michael Mered
, and
Mr. Roger Nord
Tanzania’s adjustment program, which began in the mid-1980s, was accompanied by a sharp increase in the levels of foreign assistance. Previous studies, using published data, have not reflected much improvement in economic performance during the reform period. This paper attempts to shed new light on the relationship between adjustment and aid dependency in Tanzania, by adjusting the macroeconomic database to correct for data deficiencies in several important respects. A subsequent comparison with other sub-Saharan African countries shows that, contrary to traditional interpretation, Tanzania’s increased dependence on foreign assistance did not lead to a deterioration in domestic savings performance. Efficiency of investment, however, has been substantially lower in Tanzania.
Keywords:
WP; Tanzania; GDP; structural adjustment; policy stance; current account; economic reform program; Tanzania's economy; saving-investment gap; inflation rate; economic growth rate; structural adjustment program; Tanzanian shilling; Domestic savings; Current account deficits; Exports; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover The Macroeconomic Management of Foreign Aid
1 Foreign Aid and Macroeconomic Management: Overview and Synopsis of Key Lessons
Mr. Peter Isard

Abstract

Since the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000, the challenge of reducing poverty around the world has been more prominent on the agenda of the international community.1 Relatively slow progress toward meeting the MDGs by the 2015 target date has added to the urgency of this effort. Two influential reports—the United Nations Millennium Project Report (the “Sachs Report”) and the Commission for Africa Report (the “Blair Report”)—envisage substantial increases in aid flows to poor countries, especially to countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The international community sees increases in aid, along with improvements in recipient policies and freer global trade, as necessary for global prosperity and poverty reduction.

Keywords:
SEM; GDP; country; early-impact aid; recipient country policy; poverty reduction; natural resource; international community; Real exchange rates; Poverty reduction; Aid flows; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global; East Asia; Eastern Europe; diminishing returns; recipient country; recipient government; country analysis; Loans; Debt sustainability