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Teresa R Curristine
,
Isabell Adenauer
,
Virginia Alonso-Albarran
,
John Grinyer
,
Koon Hui Tee
,
Claude P Wendling
, and
Delphine Moretti
This Note provides guidance on developing and implementing a medium-term fiscal framework (MTFF). MTFFs aim to promote fiscal discipline and sustainability, transparency, and better-informed fiscal decisions. An MTFF comprises a set of institutional arrangements for prioritizing, presenting, reporting, and managing fiscal aggregates - revenue, expenditure, balance, and debt - generally over a three-to-five-year period. It incorporates a fiscal strategy, medium-term projections of key macroeconomic variables and fiscal aggregates, and ceilings on total expenditure to guide subsequent annual budgets. By introducing a medium-term perspective into fiscal and budgetary decision making, MTFFs provide a clearer understanding of the impact, trade-offs, and risks of policy choices. MTFFs contribute to enhancing transparency and accountability by communicating the government’s medium-term fiscal goals, policies, and fiscal performance. Ultimately, clarity on medium-term fiscal plans and on their effective implementation can bolster confidence in the government’s ability to manage its finances prudently and competently. In addition to providing guidance on how to design an MTFF and the institutional and technical arrangements needed to support implementation, the Note discusses key challenges and presents country examples from across the globe by income group and concludes with lessons learned.
Ms. Katherine Baer
,
Ms. Margaret Cotton
,
Elizabeth Gavin
,
Cindy Negus
, and
Katrina R Williams
This technical note provides an overview of current issues and ideas that revenue administrations can consider regarding gender equality. It discusses the interactions between revenue administrations and gender equality and explores how revenue administrations can administer gender-sensitive tax laws effectively and apply a gender lens when administering tax or trade laws with a view to reducing barriers for women’s employment, entrepreneurship, and trade. It also provides practical considerations for a revenue administration in building gender perspectives in reform plans and shares several examples that highlight targeted measures that have led to positive outcomes in several countries.
William Joseph Crandall
This technical note focuses on the concept of autonomy and describes why it is important in public administration. There has been a tendency for governments to increase the autonomy of their departments and agencies. The basic principle is that such autonomy can lead to better performance by removing impediments to effective and efficient management while maintaining appropriate accountability and transparency. This note explains how autonomy is relevant for revenue administration and what is the range of autonomy currently practiced. The paper also describes key measures of autonomy in revenue administration.
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This Guide provides clear, up-to-date guidance on the concepts, definitions, and classifications of the gross external debt of the public and private sectors, and on the sources, compilation techniques, and analytical uses of these data. The Guide supersedes the previous international guidance on external debt statistics available in External Debt: Definition, Statistical Coverage, and Methodology (known as the Gray Book), 1988. The Guide’s conceptual framework derives from the System of National Accounts 1993 and the fifth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual (1993). Preparation of the Guide was undertaken by an Inter-Agency Task Force on Finance Statistics, chaired by the IMF and involving representatives from the Bank for International Settlements, the Commonwealth Secretariat, the European Central Bank, Eurostat, the OECD, the Paris Club Secretariat, UNCTAD, and the World Bank.

International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This Guide provides clear, up-to-date guidance on the concepts, definitions, and classifications of the gross external debt of the public and private sectors, and on the sources, compilation techniques, and analytical uses of these data. The Guide supersedes the previous international guidance on external debt statistics available in External Debt: Definition, Statistical Coverage, and Methodology (known as the Gray Book), 1988. The Guide’s conceptual framework derives from the System of National Accounts 1993 and the fifth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual (1993). Preparation of the Guide was undertaken by an Inter-Agency Task Force on Finance Statistics, chaired by the IMF and involving representatives from the Bank for International Settlements, the Commonwealth Secretariat, the European Central Bank, Eurostat, the OECD, the Paris Club Secretariat, UNCTAD, and the World Bank.

International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This Guide provides clear, up-to-date guidance on the concepts, definitions, and classifications of the gross external debt of the public and private sectors, and on the sources, compilation techniques, and analytical uses of these data. The Guide supersedes the previous international guidance on external debt statistics available in External Debt: Definition, Statistical Coverage, and Methodology (known as the Gray Book), 1988. The Guide’s conceptual framework derives from the System of National Accounts 1993 and the fifth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual(1993). Preparation of the Guide was undertaken by an Inter-Agency Task Force on Finance Statistics, chaired by the IMF and involving representatives from the BIS, the Commonwealth Secretariat, the European Central Bank, Eurostat, the OECD, the Paris Club Secretariat, UNCTAD, and the World Bank.

International Monetary Fund

Abstract

Esta Guía proporciona orientación clara y actualizada sobre los conceptos, definiciones y clasificaciones de la deuda externa bruta de los sectores público y privado, y sobre las fuentes, técnicas de compilación y usos analíticos de estos datos. Reemplaza a las anteriores directrices internacionales sobre las estadísticas de deuda externa publicadas en 1988 en Deuda Externa: Definición, cobertura estadística y metodología (conocido como el "Libro Gris"). El marco conceptual de esta Guía se deriva del Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales 1993 y de la quinta edición del Manual de Balanza de Pagos del FMI (1993). La preparación de esta Guía fue una tarea emprendida por el Grupo de tareas interinstitucional sobre estadísticas financieras, bajo la presidencia del FMI y con la participación de representantes del Banco de Pagos Internacionales, la Secretaría del Commonwealth, el Banco Central Europeo, Eurostat, la OCDE, la Secretaría del Club de Paris, UNCTAD y el Banco Mundial.

International Monetary Fund

Abstract

Ce guide fournit des orientations claires et actualisées sur les concepts, les définitions et les classifications de la dette extérieure brute des secteurs privé et public, ainsi que sur les sources, les techniques de compilation et les applications analytiques de ces données. Ce guide supplante le guide international précédent des statistiques de la dette extérieure, « L'endettement international : définition, couverture statistique et méthodologie », paru en 1988 et connu sous l’appellation de Livre gris. Le cadre conceptuel du guide est issu du Système de comptabilité nationale 1993 et de la cinquième édition du Manuel de la balance des paiements du FMI (1993). Ce guide a été rédigé conjointement par l’équipe spéciale interinstitutions des statistiques des finances, présidée par le FMI et composée de représentants de la Banque des règlements internationaux, du secrétariat du Commonwealth, de la Banque centrale européenne, d'Eurostat, de l'OCDE, du secrétariat du Club de Paris, de la CNUCED et de la Banque mondiale.

International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This Guide provides clear, up-to-date guidance on the concepts, definitions, and classifications of the gross external debt of the public and private sectors, and on the sources, compilation techniques, and analytical uses of these data. The Guide supersedes the previous international guidance on external debt statistics available in External Debt: Definition, Statistical Coverage, and Methodology (known as the Gray Book), 1988. The Guides conceptual framework derives from the System of National Accounts 1993 and the fifth edition of the IMFs Balance of Payments Manual(1993). Preparation of the Guide was undertaken by an Inter-Agency Task Force on Finance Statistics, chaired by the IMF and involving representatives from the BIS, the Commonwealth Secretariat, the European Central Bank, Eurostat, the OECD, the Paris Club Secretariat, UNCTAD, and the World Bank.