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Europe > Ukraine

You are looking at 1 - 4 of 4 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities x
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Cover IMF Policy Discussion Papers
Cross-Border Issues in Energy Trade in the CIS Countries
Mr. Clinton R. Shiells
,
Mr. John R Dodsworth
, and
Mr. Paul Henri Mathieu
This paper explores from a regional perspective the distorted nature of trade in energy products within the CIS countries. The persistence of pricing distortions, barter arrangements, and discriminatory access to pipelines, as well as failure to honor contracts, has disrupted and distorted energy exports to non-CIS countries, undermined energy sector reforms, and distorted investment decisions. The paper focuses on cross-border issues as an integral component of the wider problem of inefficient energy use within the CIS. Several policy recommendations are proposed, including measures to foster greater competition, reduce state involvement, and promote regional cooperation.
Keywords:
PDP; country; CIS country; firm; price; Kazakhstani firm; state involvement; Energy sector; Former Soviet Union; Transition economies; Regional issues; net importer; incumbent firm; firms in the region; utility company; Oil; Exports; Electricity; Energy prices; Baltics; Western Europe; Central Asia
Cover IMF Working Papers
Energy Sector Quasi-Fiscal Activities in the Countries of the Former Soviet Union
Mr. Aleh Tsyvinski
,
Mr. Martin Petri
, and
Mr. Günther Taube
A decade into the transition, many of the successor states of the former Soviet Union (FSU) continue to use energy sector quasi-fiscal activities (QFAs), especially low energy prices and the toleration of payment arrears, to provide large implicit and untargeted subsidies. These activities disguise the overall size of the government, cause overconsumption and waste, and contribute to macroeconomic imbalances. This paper analyses such activities in FSU countries, with particular emphasis on two case studies (Azerbaijan and Ukraine). The paper's policy conclusions point to the need to increase energy prices, combined with a strengthening of safety nets to protect the poor, better enforcement of payment discipline, and more efforts to achieve fiscal transparency.
Keywords:
WP; electricity company Azerenergy; extraction company; energy QFAs; energy enterprise; Former Soviet Union; transition countries; fiscal policy; quasi-fiscal activities; energy sector; energy prices; implicit subsidies; implicit taxation; payment arrears; energy sector company; gas distribution enterprise; collection ratio; enterprise restructuring; Arrears; Electricity; Quasi-fiscal operations; Western Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Evaluation of Taxes and Revenues From the Energy Sector in the Baltics, Russia, and Other Former Soviet Union Countries
Mr. Dale F Gray
This paper examines the level and structure of fiscal revenues from the Baltics, Russia, and other former Soviet Union countries’ (BRO) energy sector and suggests reforms in energy tax policy. Revenues from the oil and gas sectors are about half the level that might be expected from international comparisons. Low oil revenues result from infrastructure constraints on oil exports, weak tax administration, and inappropriate tax structures. Low gas revenues are due to low statutory tax rates, a tax structure that does not capture monopoly or resource rents, and weak tax administration. Taxation of oil products could be increased.
Keywords:
WP; export duty; income tax; economic rent; rate of return; tax code; tax policy; petroleum; natural resources; regulation; energy; natural monopoly; revenue enhancement; BRO country; estimated tax; road tax; cash flow; Oil; Oil sector; gas and mining taxes; Excises; Tax incidence; Middle East; Western Europe; Baltics; Europe
Cover IMF Policy Discussion Papers
Ukraine's Gas Arrears: Issues and Recommendations
Amer Bisat
This paper discusses issues related to the gas arrears ‘crisis’ in Ukraine. It concludes that the problem, which can be traced to policy distortions, can be contained through an acceleration of structural reforms. The paper examines the nature of the contractual relations between Ukraine and its foreign suppliers; the role of the de facto government guarantee for gas import payments; the process of imposing financial discipline on non-payers; the nature of gas-related subsidy schemes; and the methods used in calculating domestic energy prices. An Appendix derives lessons from the Estonian case--an economy which, despite relatively similar initial conditions, avoided the emergence of energy payment difficulties. This is a Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment and the author(s) would welcome any comments on the present text. Citations should refer to a Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment of the International Monetary Fund, mentioning the author(s) and the date of issuance. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Fund.
Keywords:
PDP; enterprise; subsidy; supplier; gas arrears; enterprise restructuring; gas import payment; restructuring program; arrears accumulation; gas import company; Arrears; Tariffs; Imports; Import payments; Social assistance spending; Western Europe