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Europe > Ukraine

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 10 items for :

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Cover Departmental Papers
Climate Change and Chronic Food Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa
Diogo Miguel Salgado Baptista
,
Mrs. Mai Farid
,
Dominique Fayad
,
Laurent Kemoe
,
Loic S Lanci
,
Ms. Pritha Mitra
,
Tara S Muehlschlegel
,
Cedric Okou
,
John A Spray
,
Kevin Tuitoek
, and
Ms. Filiz D Unsal
Climate change is intensifying food insecurity across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with lasting adverse macroeconomic effects, especially on economic growth and poverty. Successive shocks from the war in Ukraine and COVID-19 pandemic have increased food prices and depressed incomes, raising the number of people suffering from high malnutrition and unable to meet basic food consumption needs by at least 30 percent to 123 million in 2022 or 12 percent of SSA’s population. Addressing the lack of resilience to climate change—that critically underlies food insecurity in SSA—will require careful policy prioritization against a backdrop of financing and capacity constraints. This paper presents some key considerations and examples of tradeoffs and complementarities across policies to address food insecurity. Key findings include (1) Fiscal policies focused on social assistance and efficient public infrastructure investment can improve poorer households’ access to affordable food, facilitate expansion of climate-resilient and green agricultural production, and support quicker recovery from adverse climate events; (2) Improving access to finance is key to stepping up private investment in agricultural resilience and productivity as well as improving the earning capacity and food purchasing power of poorer rural and urban households; and (3) Greater regional trade integration, complemented with resilient transport infrastructure, enables sales of one country’s bumper harvests to its neighbors’ facing shortages. The international community can help with financial assistance—especially for the above-mentioned social assistance and key infrastructure areas—capacity development, and facilitating transfers of technology and know-how.
Keywords:
Food Insecurity; Spatial Macroeconomics; Economic Development; Agricultural Policy; policy consideration; infrastructure investment; policy mix; SSA development outcome; cash transfer; IMF Library; price effect; increase dummy; fuel price hike; Climate change; Food prices; Food security; Agricultural sector; Agricultural commodities; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global; Africa; West Africa; East Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Niger: First Review Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Niger
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This paper presents Niger’s First Review under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria. The unfolding acute food crisis and the deteriorating security situation in the Sahel region have increased fiscal pressures. The war in Ukraine is exacerbating these challenges. The near- and medium-term economic outlook for Niger is broadly favorable with growth projected to bounce back this year and accelerate thereafter with the start of oil exports through the new pipeline. A temporary deviation from fiscal targets over 2022–23 is therefore appropriate. Stepped-up efforts to improve domestic revenue mobilization and enhance spending quality will be key. A temporary deviation from fiscal targets over 2022–23 is warranted to accommodate urgent spending needs related to the food crisis and lower budget-support grants from donors. Rising financial sector vulnerabilities, including those related to deteriorating asset quality, particularly in the microfinance sector, will need to be carefully monitored. Further efforts to foster financial inclusion are also needed. Program performance has been broadly satisfactory with all quantitative performance criteria and indicative targets at end-December 2021 met. The implementation of the structural reform agenda is advancing well.
Keywords:
reform agenda; state presence; Non-government investment; disbursement of SDR; government fund; Policy discussion; fertilizer price; IMF's transparency policy; Credit; West Africa; Europe; Global
Cover Shifting Commodity Markets in a Globalized World
Shifting Commodity Markets in a Globalized World

Abstract

A survey of the complex and intertwined set of forces behind the various commodity markets and the interplay between these markets and the global economy. Summarizes a rich set of facts combined with in-depth analyses distillated in a nontechnical manner. Includes discussion of structural trends behind commodities markets, their future implications, and policy implications.

Keywords:
BOOK; price; metal; demand; oil price; natural gas; food security; commodities supercycle; metal market; food price; Natural gas sector; Oil; Metals; Non-renewable resources; Oil prices; Global; Europe; Sub-Saharan Africa; Asia and Pacific; North America; price differential; mining research; energy market; Caribbean; South America
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Ukraine: Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; enterprise; net; production; Ukraine; net balance; NBU foreign currency purchase; hryvnia demand deposits; NPLS net; Ukraine's Ministry of Finance; material product; net material product; net credit; financial activity; hryvnia deposit; national bank of Ukraine; foreign currency purchase; Currencies; Agricultural sector; Agroindustries; Transportation; Consumption taxes
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Ukraine: Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Ukraine; unit price; net material product; crop production; fund staff estimate; net accumulation; private property; Chernobyl fund; period GDP; gross investment; wood production; arrears accumulation; net credit; accounts payable; Currencies; Agricultural sector; Transportation; Agroindustries; Agricultural commodities
Cover A Study Guide to The Fabric of Reform
A Study Guide to The Fabric of Reform
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This guide is designed to facilitate classroom use of The Fabric of Reform, a 30-minute educational video created by the International Monetary Fund. It is intended for use with students in economics and international relations courses at the secondary and postsecondary levels.

Keywords:
MTU; student; access report; CFA franc; country profile; country; IMF's contribution; rates to the rate; free market work; countries fare; Mali's government; classroom use; market forces; Agricultural commodities; Monetary unions; Currencies; Natural resources; Africa; West Africa; Global; Trade policy
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Great Contractions in Russia, the Baltics and the Other Countries of the Former Soviet Union: A View From the Supply Side
International Monetary Fund
The output contractions during the initial transition stages in the Baltics and in Russia and the other CIS countries are examined across several dimensions, and the reliability of the available official statistics evaluated. The depth, length and breadth of the contractions are studied and set against a longer-run historical perspective. The relationship between inputs and outputs as described in a standard accounting framework shows that there is more to the contractions than collapsing investment and shrinking employment. Sharp declines in productivity, reflecting in part transition-related factors, also played a major role.
Keywords:
WP; Output; transition; growth; productivity; output decline; CIS country; productivity effect; TFP loss; output contraction; renewed output; productivity decline; index of total factor productivity; productivity occupation; higher-productivity sector; Total factor productivity; Agricultural sector; Labor productivity; Baltics; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Azerbaijan: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues reviews economic development in Azerbaijan during 1995–99. The Azerbaijan authorities began to implement a far-reaching economic reform program in 1995. As a result, the serious macroeconomic imbalances, which plagued the economy in the early years of the transition, were largely eliminated. Both 1997 and 1998 were characterized by financial stability and strong real growth: average consumer price inflation over this period was close to zero and real GDP growth averaged 8 percent a year.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; gross domestic product; exchange rate; private sector; broad money; U.S. dollar
Cover IMF Working Papers
Output Decline and Recovery in Uzbekistan: Past Performance and Future Prospects
Mr. Jeromin Zettelmeyer
and
Mr. Günther Taube
What explains Uzbekistan’s unusually mild “transformational recession” and its moderate recovery during 1996-97? We examine potential biases in output measurement, the role of “special factors”—including initial production structure, natural resources, and public investment policies—and sectoral output developments. The main findings are (i) Uzbekistan’s relatively favorable output record is not an artifact of measurement alone; (ii) public investment has had no significant effects on growth; (iii) the mildness of Uzbekistan’s transitional recession can be accounted for by its favorable initial production structure and its self-sufficiency in energy; (iv) unless reforms are significantly accelerated, medium-term growth prospects are mediocre.
Keywords:
WP; Uzbek experience; output performance; reform policy; private sector; Uzbek growth path; Uzbekistan; Transition; Growth; Output; Sustainability; unmeasured Uzbekistan effect; Uzbek authorities; Uzbek growth experience; consumer goods; Agricultural commodities; Structural reforms; Agricultural sector; Public investment spending; Baltics
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Ukraine: Recent Economic Developments
International Monetary Fund
This paper reviews economic developments in Ukraine during 1991–95. In October 1994, Ukraine finally embarked upon a comprehensive program of economic reform and stabilization. Although the efforts made in late 1994 were far reaching, the short-term results were not encouraging: inflation remained stubbornly high, the exchange rate weak, activity declined, and the rate of accumulation of external arrears dangerously rapid. By the first half of 1995, the performance .of the economy was more encouraging. Inflation slowed to monthly rates of about 5 percent. Exports to western markets also expanded strongly.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; enterprise; U.S. dollar; Ukraine; consumer price index; commodity exchange; inflation rate; government expenditure policies vis-à-vis household; Ukrainian authorities; stabilization effort; gross investment; General government operation; General government balance; Inflation; Credit; Income; Agricultural sector; Western Europe