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Asia and Pacific > Thailand

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Asia’s Quest for Inclusive Growth Revisited
Ms. Chie Aoyagi
and
Mr. Giovanni Ganelli
Despite the rapid economic growth and poverty reduction, inequality in Asia worsened during last two decades. We focus on the determinants of growth inclusiveness and suggest options for reform. A cross cross-country empirical analysis suggests that fiscal redistribution, monetary policy aimed at macro stability, and structural reforms to stimulate trade, reduce unemployment and increase productivity are important determinants of inclusive growth. The main policy implication of our analysis is that there is still room to strengthen such policies in Asia to better achieve growth with shared prosperity. In particular, scenario simulations based on our results suggests that the effect of expanding fiscal redistribution on inclusive growth could be sizeable in emerging Asia, since the estimated improvement in our proxy of inclusive growth – a measure of growth in average income “corrected” for the equity impact—ranges from about 1 to about 8 percentage points.
Keywords:
WP; Asia; monetary policy; Gini coefficient; poverty; fiscal policy; Inclusive growth; inequality; economic growth; indifference curve; aggregate Gini Index; absolute poverty; poverty-reducing effect; monetary policy variable; poverty rate; income share; level of significance; policy implication; Income inequality; Fiscal redistribution; Poverty reduction; Income distribution; Asia and Pacific; East Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Cambodia: Staff Report for the 2004 Article IV Consultation
International Monetary Fund
Cambodia’s 2004 Article IV Consultation reports that the macroeconomic performance has been generally good, reflecting both favorable external developments and prudent fiscal policy. Exports soared following a bilateral trade agreement with the United States, and large aid inflows helped finance domestic investment and spurred construction activities. Prudent fiscal policy has been the key to ensuring price stability. Overall GDP growth has been robust mainly because of a strong rebound in agricultural production.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; IMF executive board reviews progress report; government; Cambodia's NPRS.; reform agenda; poverty reduction strategy paper; Cambodia's NPRS; NPRS target; Poverty reduction strategy; East Asia; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
India: Recent Economic Developments and Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
India rebounded strongly from its 1991 balance-of-payments crisis, aided by structural reforms and other policy adjustments. The government has sought to reinvigorate the process of structural and fiscal reform. The paper examines trends in interstate differences in rural poverty; reviews India's postal saving system and possible reform issues; describes and evaluates the current system of pensions and provident funds, and discusses reform options. The paper also briefly reviews the structure of and recent developments in the Indian foreign exchange market.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; India; GDP; exchange rate; deposit; U.S. dollar; dollar rate; chapter IX; private sector; reform issue; Commercial banks; Pensions; Public sector; Global; Africa; Asia and Pacific; Western Europe
Cover A Better World for All
A Better World for All
Progress Toward the International Development Goals
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This paper focuses on goal setting for development of the world. The paper highlights that the goals come from the agreements and resolutions of the world conferences organized by the United Nations in the first half of the 1990s. The paper focuses on seven goals that cover poverty, education, gender equality, infant and child mortality, maternal mortality, reproductive health, and environment. Each of the seven goals addresses an aspect of poverty. The paper also emphasizes that these goals should be viewed together because they are mutually reinforcing.

Keywords:
BOOK; enrolment rate; enrolment; child mortality; Reduce infant mortality; health personnel; family planning programme; secondary school enrolment; Health care; Poverty reduction; Africa; Global; East Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa; South Asia
Cover IMF Survey
IMF Survey Supplement 2000
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
The Web edition of the IMF Survey is updated several times a week, and contains a wealth of articles about topical policy and economic issues in the news. Access the latest IMF research, read interviews, and listen to podcasts given by top IMF economists on important issues in the global economy. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
Keywords:
SV; responsibility of the IMF; crisis; IMF's responsibility; disruption; purposes of the IMF; benefits of globalization; work of the IMF; IMF surveillance; policy advice; Poverty reduction strategy; Poverty reduction; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Financial sector; Global; Central and Eastern Europe; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Survey
IMF Survey: Volume 29, Issue 08
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
The Web edition of the IMF Survey is updated several times a week, and contains a wealth of articles about topical policy and economic issues in the news. Access the latest IMF research, read interviews, and listen to podcasts given by top IMF economists on important issues in the global economy. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
Keywords:
SV; minister; IMF Treasurer's Department; IMF's website; growth facility; fund Facility; contingency financing facility; IMF staff country; Poverty reduction strategy; Debt relief; Poverty reduction; HIV and AIDS; Global; Asia and Pacific; Europe; Western Europe; East Asia
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Philippines: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper reviews the economic development in the Philippines during the 1990s. Growth, which virtually came to a halt in the early 1990s, picked up in 1993 and accelerated steadily to almost 7 percent by end-1996, fueled by an expansion in exports and investment. At the same time, the fiscal position strengthened, inflation was successfully brought down to single digits, and with large capital inflows, particularly in 1996, gross international reserves rose to record levels. This reversal of economic fortunes was largely the result of major reforms undertaken in the past decade.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; poverty incidence; cost of capital; government expenditure; income distribution; Gini coefficient; distribution in the Philippines; Inflation targeting; Inflation; Personal income; Income distribution; East Asia
Cover IMF Working Papers
Poverty, Income Distribution, and Economic Policy in the Philippines
Mr. Philip R. Gerson
Income distribution in the Philippines is highly uneven, and poverty rates are higher than in other ASEAN countries. In addition, although the poverty rate has declined over time, the rate of decline has been lower than in other countries, and income inequality has been persistent. These facts are due to historically slow economic growth, owing in part to poor policies, as well as to past failures to reduce structural impediments to a more equal distribution of income. Despite reforms in recent years, it will likely take some time to erase the effects of past policies.
Keywords:
WP; poverty incidence; government expenditure; cost of capital; poverty rate; Poverty; Income Distribution; Philippines; land reform; distribution in the Philippines; increase equity; Personal income; East Asia
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Indonesia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper on Indonesia explains through econometric analysis the contribution of different factors to export growth and assesses the prospects for its maintenance in the future. The paper reviews developments in Indonesian export growth since 1970. It develops a model of export demand and export supply, provides empirical estimates from the model, and the implications of the results. The paper also addresses medium-term prospects for export growth on the basis of the estimated model and the possible impact of exchange rate changes.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank; Indonesia; poverty; exchange rate; poverty reduction; targeted poverty program; poverty indicator; aggregate cash profit transfer; distribution concern; fiscal policy; poverty incidence; Exports; Poverty reduction; Capital flows; Budget planning and preparation; Export performance; Asia and Pacific; Global
Cover Summary Proceedings of the Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors 1991
Summary Proceedings of the Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors 1991
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department

Abstract

The speeches made by officials attending the IMF–World Bank Annual Meetings are published in this volume, along with the press communiqués issued by the International Monetary and Financial Committee and the Development Committee at the conclusion of the meetings.

Keywords:
AS; country; J. mills jones; fund documents no; procedures committees report; audit report; dollar currency; Poverty reduction; Poverty reduction and development; Poverty reduction strategy; Foreign direct investment; Eastern Europe; Global; Middle East; Central and Eastern Europe; Africa; Central America