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Asia and Pacific > Thailand

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Determinants of Inclusive Growth in ASEAN
Victoriia Alekhina
and
Mr. Giovanni Ganelli
Over the past decades ASEAN countries have experienced rapid economic growth accompanied by a dramatic fall in poverty rates, but income inequality has not retreated. This research aims at identifying factors which could contribute to more equally distributed growth in ASEAN. To measure inclusive growth, we use a variable integrating per capita income growth and an equity index. A cross-country panel analysis of the impact of macro-structural factors on inclusive growth and its two components suggests that fiscal redistribution, female labor force participation, productivity growth, FDI inflows, digitalization, and savings significantly drive inclusive growth. A scenario analysis based on our econometric results suggests that the implementation of fiscal redistribution and labor market-oriented structural reforms could help significantly accelerate inclusive growth in ASEAN.
Keywords:
WP; income; ASEAN country; per capita income; GDP; income share; income distribution; distribution data; economic growth; income inequality; Inclusive growth; Income inequality; Personal income; Income distribution; Fiscal redistribution; East Asia; Asia and Pacific; Inequality; Equity; inflation rate; simulation result
Cover IMF Working Papers
Asia’s Quest for Inclusive Growth Revisited
Ms. Chie Aoyagi
and
Mr. Giovanni Ganelli
Despite the rapid economic growth and poverty reduction, inequality in Asia worsened during last two decades. We focus on the determinants of growth inclusiveness and suggest options for reform. A cross cross-country empirical analysis suggests that fiscal redistribution, monetary policy aimed at macro stability, and structural reforms to stimulate trade, reduce unemployment and increase productivity are important determinants of inclusive growth. The main policy implication of our analysis is that there is still room to strengthen such policies in Asia to better achieve growth with shared prosperity. In particular, scenario simulations based on our results suggests that the effect of expanding fiscal redistribution on inclusive growth could be sizeable in emerging Asia, since the estimated improvement in our proxy of inclusive growth – a measure of growth in average income “corrected” for the equity impact—ranges from about 1 to about 8 percentage points.
Keywords:
WP; Asia; monetary policy; Gini coefficient; poverty; fiscal policy; Inclusive growth; inequality; economic growth; indifference curve; aggregate Gini Index; absolute poverty; poverty-reducing effect; monetary policy variable; poverty rate; income share; level of significance; policy implication; Income inequality; Fiscal redistribution; Poverty reduction; Income distribution; Asia and Pacific; East Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover External Evaluation of IMF Economic Research Activities
External Evaluation of IMF Economic Research Activities
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This report, commissioned by the Executive Board, was prepared by a committee of academic economists. The report assesses the appropriateness of current research activities, the quality and added value of the IMF's economic research and its utility in the IMF among its member countries and within the wider economics community. This publication also includes responses to the report by the IMF's staff, Managing Director, and Executive Board.

Keywords:
BOOK; research activity; fund staff; evaluation; policy; evaluation group; performance evaluation; staff policy consensus; Development policy; Inflation targeting; International capital markets; Financial sector; Asia and Pacific; Middle East; Western Hemisphere; Africa; North America; International monetary system; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Growth and Productivity in Asean Countries
Mr. Michael Sarel
This study examines the nature of the growth process in the ASEAN countries, and particularly whether it has been generated primarily by more inputs or by productivity gains. It uses internationally comparable data and explores an alternative method for estimating the capital and labor factor shares. The results, contradicting some previous studies, indicate a very impressive growth rate of TFP in Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia, a relatively strong rate for Indonesia, and a negative rate for the Philippines. This study argues that the results of previous studies were driven mainly by the fact that they relied on national accounts data for measures of various variables and, in particular, the factor income shares of capital and labor.
Keywords:
WP; growth rate; share; growth; TFP; productivity; ASEAN; factor share; capital share; TFP level; TFP estimate; income share; Total factor productivity; Production growth; Growth accounting; Public expenditure review; East Asia; Southeast Asia