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Asia and Pacific > Thailand

You are looking at 1 - 3 of 3 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs x
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Cover Policy Papers
Operational Guidance Note for IMF Engagement on Social Spending Issues
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
and
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
This note provides general guidance on the operationalization of the strategy for IMF engagement on social spending. Social spending plays a critical role as a key lever for promoting inclusive growth, addressing inequality, protecting vulnerable groups during structural change and adjustment, smoothing consumption over the lifecycle, and stabilizing demand during economic shocks. Social spending policies have also been playing an important role in tackling the structural challenges associated with demographic shifts, gender inequality, technological advances, and climate change. This note builds on a series of notes on IMF engagement on specific social spending issues since the publication of the 2019 strategy paper and provides operational guidance on when and how to engage on social spending issues, in the context of surveillance, IMF-supported programs, and capacity development.
Keywords:
social spending; spending adequacy; spending efficiency; fiscal sustainability; social spending conditionality; social spending floor; social safety nets; education; health; pensions.; spending issue; transparency policy; I. social spending data; IMF capacity development; Health care spending; Education spending; West Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Income Distribution and Tax and Government Social Spending Policies in Developing Countries
Mr. Ke-young Chu
,
Mr. Hamid R Davoodi
, and
Mr. Sanjeev Gupta
This paper reviews income distribution in developing (and transition) countries in recent decades. On average, before-tax income distribution in developing countries is less unequal than in industrial countries. However, unlike industrial countries, developing countries in general have not been able to use tax and transfer policies effectively to reduce income inequality. During the 1980s and 1990s, many developing countries experienced an increase in income inequality. The government health care and primary and secondary education programs in developing countries are not well targeted, but their incidence tends to be progressive.
Keywords:
WP; income; Gini coefficient; country; Income distribution; tax incidence; government social spending; transition country; after-tax Gini; distributional implication; after-tax income; Gini equation; Personal income; Income inequality; Income and capital gains taxes; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Policy Discussion Papers
Mitigating the Social Costs of the Economic Crisis and the Reform Programs in Asia
Marijn Verhoeven
,
Mr. Sanjeev Gupta
,
Mr. Gerd Schwartz
,
Mr. Calvin A McDonald
,
Željko Bogetic
, and
Mr. Christian Schiller
This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the likely social impact of the economic crisis and the reform programs in three Asian countries—Indonesia, Korea, and Thailand. The focus is on likely changes in real consumption expenditures arising from higher inflation and increases in unemployment. The current social policy measures adopted in the reform programs should provide significant social safety nets for the poor. However, if the social impact turns out to be larger than projected, it would be worthwhile to assess cost-effective and efficient alternatives for expanding social safety nets. The paper presents some options that could be considered.
Keywords:
PDP; Indonesia; Thailand; price; price increase; poverty; social safety nets; social impact; Asia; poverty line; income share; PPP terms; per capita income; household expenditure data; nominal wage; price change; income distribution; Inflation; Income; Unemployment; Consumption; Household consumption; Asia and Pacific