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Europe > Turks and Caicos Islands

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Ponzi Schemes in the Caribbean
Ana Carvajal
,
Mr. Hunter K Monroe
,
Ms. Catherine A Pattillo
, and
Brian Wynter
In several Caribbean states, unregulated investment schemes grew quickly in recent years by claiming unusually high monthly returns and through a system of referrals by existing members. These are features shared with traditional Ponzi schemes and pyramid schemes. This paper describes the growth of such schemes, their subsequent collapse, and the policy response of regulators, and presents key policy lessons. The analysis and recommendations draw on country experiences in the Caribbean, and in such diverse countries as the United States, Colombia, Lesotho, and Albania.
Keywords:
WP; stay of execution; government authorities close; public offering; Antiguan government; business activity; Pyramid schemes; Ponzi schemes; Caribbean; Ponzi scheme; securities regulator; Currencies; Securities; Legal support in revenue administration
Cover Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey Guide
Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey Guide
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

The coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey Guide is provided to assist balance of payments compilers in the conduct of an internationally coordinated survey of security holdings being conducted under the auspices of the IMF with reference to year-end 1997. The Guide has two main purposes: to set out the objectives of the Coordinated Survey; and to provide practical advice on how to prepare, organize, and conduct a national survey. The appendices include three model survey forms, a glossary of security terms, a listing of the major security databases that national compilers may find useful in their work, and a method for reconciling security position and transactions data.

Keywords:
BOOK; portfolio holding; country of Nonresident Issuer; portfolio investment assets; country; CPIS data; long-term debt; value of investment; Portfolio investment; Foreign direct investment; Data collection; Balance of payments statistics; Securities; Pacific Islands; Africa; Global