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Social Science > Poverty and Homelessness

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Cover Regional Economic Outlook, October 2020, Western Hemisphere
Regional Economic Outlook, October 2020, Western Hemisphere
Pandemic Persistence Clouds the Recovery
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.

Abstract

The pandemic continues to spread in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), but economic activity is picking up. After a deep contraction in April, activity started recovering in May, as lockdowns were gradually eased, consumers and firms adapted to social distancing, some countries introduced sizable policy support, and global activity strengthened.

Keywords:
pandemic; lockdowns; recovery; reopening; public health; REO; IMF staff calculation; nominal GDP; trading partner; world bank LAC estimate; hard currency; potential GDP; banking sector; fiscal policy; COVID-19; Debt restructuring; Securities markets; Caribbean; Global; Central America
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Panama: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This Selected Issues paper assesses the effectiveness of Panama's fiscal framework. The fiscal framework of Panama has played an important role in enhancing fiscal discipline since its establishment in 2009. Since the current fiscal framework went into effect in 2009, the primary balance and debt-to-GDP ratio of the nonfinancial public sector have improved significantly on average compared with those in 2000–08. The fiscal impulse given the output gap also shows that fiscal policy was less procyclical in 2009–15 than in 2001–08. However, there are options to better align the framework with best practice, including reducing unintended procyclicality, increasing transparency, and improving accountability.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Panama; bank; liquidity; poverty rate; income; transportation cost; growth performance; deficit ceiling; banking center; shipping industry; Offshore financial centers; Liquidity requirements; Fiscal governance; Global; Caribbean; Europe
Cover The Economic Impact of IMF-Supported Programs in Low-Income Countries
The Economic Impact of IMF-Supported Programs in Low-Income Countries
Yasemin Bal Gunduz
,
Mr. Christian H Ebeke
,
Ms. Burcu Hacibedel
,
Ms. Linda Kaltani
,
Ms. Vera V Kehayova
,
Mr. Chris Lane
,
Mr. Christian Mumssen
,
Miss Nkunde Mwase
, and
Mr. Joseph Thornton

Abstract

This paper aims to assess the economic impact of the IMF’s support through its facilities for low-income countries. It relies on two complementary econometric analyses: the first investigates the longer-term impact of IMF engagement—primarily through successive medium-term programs under the Extended Credit Facility and its predecessors (and more recently the Policy Support Instrument)—on economic growth and a range of other indicators and socioeconomic outcomes; the second focuses on the role of IMF shock-related financing—through augmentations of Extended Credit Facility arrangements and short-term and emergency financing instruments—on short-term macroeconomic performance.

Keywords:
OP; IMF staff calculation; IMF engagement; IMF dummy; IMF support; IMF arrangement; Balance of payments need; Debt relief; Poverty reduction; Poverty reduction strategy; Current account balance; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa; IMF program support; IMF program engagement; program engagement
Cover Summary Proceedings of the Fifty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Boards of Governors, 2005
Summary Proceedings of the Fifty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Boards of Governors, 2005
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

The speeches made by officials attending the IMF–World Bank Annual Meetings are published in this volume, along with the press communiqués issued by the International Monetary and Financial Committee and the Development Committee at the conclusion of the meetings.

Keywords:
AS; country; market; IMF surveillance; Penelope J.A.; Lemine ould Moulaye ould Dhehbi; Gladstone brown; Nasreldin A.A. Wali; oil market data transparency; Debt relief; Poverty reduction; Poverty reduction strategy; Poverty reduction and development; Global; Africa; Asia and Pacific; Pacific Islands; West Africa
Cover Policy Papers
United Republic of Tanzania - Staff Assessment of Qualification for the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative
International Monetary Fund
Tanzania reached the completion point under the enhanced HIPC Initiative on November 21, 2001. Staff is of the view that all criteria have been met, and recommends that the Board determine that Tanzania qualifies for immediate debt relief under the MDRI.
Keywords:
PP; second generation PRSP; GDP; fund arrangement; government commitment; Debt relief; Public and publicly-guaranteed external debt
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Honduras: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Progress Report
International Monetary Fund
This report highlights progress made in implementing the Honduran Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) from the time of its approval by the Government of Honduras in August 2001 to the present. The report monitors the economic and social programs that were defined in the original document and which were revised following consultation with civil society in the First Progress Report and Update of the PRSP. The report discusses that Honduras has thus far achieved approximately 18 percent of the improvement on the PRSP indicators that will be needed to reach to the goals set for 2015.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; real GDP; debt service; financial system; central bank; poverty spending; PRSP goal; debt relief; exchange rate; foreign exchange; Poverty reduction; Debt relief; Global; Central America
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, December 2000
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
This paper describes the need to broaden the agenda for poverty reduction. The broadening of the agenda follows from a growing understanding that poverty is more than low income, a lack of education, and poor health. The poor are frequently powerless to influence the social and economic factors that determine their well being. The paper highlights that a broader definition of poverty requires a broader set of actions to fight it and increases the challenge of measuring poverty and comparing achievement across countries and over time.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; country; government; policy; income; poorest country; poverty reduction; average income; poverty focus help; government policy; Poverty reduction; Poverty reduction strategy; Debt relief; Multilateral development institutions; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa; Global; East Asia; Caribbean
Cover IMF Survey
IMF Survey: Volume 29, Issue 19
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
The Web edition of the IMF Survey is updated several times a week, and contains a wealth of articles about topical policy and economic issues in the news. Access the latest IMF research, read interviews, and listen to podcasts given by top IMF economists on important issues in the global economy. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
Keywords:
SV; IMF-World Bank Annual Meetings; IMF's website; minister; country; growth facility; fund Facility; PRGF arrangement; Poverty reduction strategy; Oil prices; Poverty reduction; Debt relief; Global; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Europe; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Survey
IMF Survey: Volume 28, Issue 19
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
The Web edition of the IMF Survey is updated several times a week, and contains a wealth of articles about topical policy and economic issues in the news. Access the latest IMF research, read interviews, and listen to podcasts given by top IMF economists on important issues in the global economy. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
Keywords:
SV; country; IMF staff country report; poverty; IMF mission; IMF staff country; IMF publication service; FDI flow; IMF's website; Poverty reduction; Debt relief; Poverty reduction strategy; Poverty reduction and development; Global; Asia and Pacific; Europe; Africa; Central and Eastern Europe
Cover IMF Staff Papers
Lessons from Empirical Models of Exchange Rates: Volume 34 No. 1
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
This paper finds scope for some optimism that the empirical modeling of exchange rates will someday lead to significantly better-than-random explanations. The first part of the paper focuses on the relationships among exchange rates, national price levels, interest rates, and international balances of payments and provides perspectives on some elements of truth about these relationships that are consistent with the past decade of modeling failures. The lessons emphasize the importance of analyzing exchange rates within complete macroeconomic frameworks and of assuming that expectations are formed in ways consistent with the structural models or with information that can be easily extracted from time series of relevant variables. The open issues include the questions of whether it is adequate or appropriate to treat assets as perfect substitutes or, equivalently, to use the uncovered interest rate parity hypothesis. To the extent that efforts are devoted to modeling exchange rates in general equilibrium frameworks that do not treat assets as perfect substitutes, a second open issue is how to distinguish assets and to specify a basis for portfolio preferences that has solid microeconomic foundations.
Keywords:
export restraint agreement; tariff rate; transactions price; price effect; government growth; Tariffs; Exchange rates; Personal income; Export restrictions; Europe; Global; Africa