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Social Science > Poverty and Homelessness

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 21 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Tanzania, United Republic of x
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Cover Policy Papers
Macroeconomic Developments and Prospects For Low-Income Countries—2024
International Monetary Fund
and
World Bank
The outlook for Low-Income Countries (LICs) is gradually improving, but they face persistent macroeconomic vulnerabilities, including liquidity challenges due to high debt service. There is significant heterogeneity among LICs: the poorest and most fragile countries have faced deep scarring from the pandemic, while those with diversified economies and Frontier Markets are faring better. Achieving inclusive growth and building resilience are essential for LICs to converge with more advanced economies and meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Building resilience will also be critical in the context of a more shock-prone world. This requires both decisive domestic actions, including expanding and better targeting Social Safety Nets (SSNs), and substantial external support, including adequate financing, policy advice, capacity development and, where needed, debt relief. The Fund is further stepping up its support through targeted policy advice, capacity building, and financing.
Keywords:
Low-Income Countries; Heterogeneity; Debt vulnerability; Resilience building; Inclusive growth towards SDGs; Financing needs and external support; Social Safety Nets; poverty rate; means testing; poverty gap; aggregate poverty gap; SSNS spending; prospects in low-income countries; poverty threshold exit poverty; reform scenario; transparency policy; FAD financing tool; financial support; Poverty reduction; Household consumption; Inflation; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Household Consumption Volatility and Poverty Risk: Case Studies from South Africa and Tanzania
Mr. Matthieu Bellon
,
Carlo Pizzinelli
, and
Mr. Roberto Perrelli
Economic volatility remains a fact of life in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Household-level shocks create large consumption fluctuations, raising the incidence of poverty. Drawing on micro-level data from South Africa and Tanzania, we examine the vulnerability to shocks across household types (e.g. by education, ethnic group, and economic activity) and we quantify the impact that reducing consumption volatility would have on aggregate poverty. We then discuss coverage of consumption insurance mechanisms, including financial access and transfers. Country characteristics crucially determine which household-level shocks are most prevalent and which consumption-smoothing mechanisms are available. In Tanzania, agricultural shocks are an important source of consumption risk as two thirds of households are involved in some level of agricultural production. For South Africa, we focus on labor market risk proxied by transitions from formal employment to informal work or unemployment. We find that access to credit, when available, and government transfers can effectively mitigate labor market shocks.
Keywords:
WP; Tanzania; consumption volatility; food consumption; consumption fluctuation; consumption deviation; consumption level; counterfactual consumption allocation; consumption loss; Consumption; Income; Household consumption; Employment; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Poverty; South Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
United Republic of Tanzania: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: Joint Staff Advisory Note
International Monetary Fund
This Joint Staff Advisory Note reviews Tanzania’s Second National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP–MKUKUTA II) (2010/11–2014/15). MKUKUTA II provides an operational framework for achieving the Millennium Development Goals and Tanzania’s Development Vision 2025, which aims to transform Tanzania into a middle-income country. Key recommendations are to expand fiscal space through improving spending efficiency and enhancing domestic revenue mobilization in line with its potential, decisive actions to improve the investment climate, and better specification of costing and realistic financing.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; MKUKUTA II Monitoring Master Plan; government; envisaged MKUKUTA II Monitoring Master Plan; renewed focus; financing MKUKUTA II; factor market; NSGRP-MKUKUTA II; government work; income poverty; Poverty reduction; Poverty reduction strategy; Southern Africa; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Tanzania: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
Tanzania's Second National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP II) is a continuation of government and national commitments to accelerate economic growth and fight poverty. Though MKUKUTA I (NSGRP I) yielded demonstrable positive results, it failed to meet some targets. MKUKUTA II was therefore implemented for realizing Tanzania’s Development Vision 2025 and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). MKUKUTA II is oriented more toward growth and enhancement of productivity, with greater alignment of the interventions toward wealth creation as a way out of poverty.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; private sector; MKUKUTA II; economic growth; natural resource; resource allocation; inflation rate; quality of life; public finance; local government; sewerage authorities; government shareholding; government business; Poverty reduction; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Kernel Density Estimation Based on Grouped Data: The Case of Poverty Assessment
Ms. Camelia Minoiu
and
Sanjay Reddy
We analyze the performance of kernel density methods applied to grouped data to estimate poverty (as applied in Sala-i-Martin, 2006, QJE). Using Monte Carlo simulations and household surveys, we find that the technique gives rise to biases in poverty estimates, the sign and magnitude of which vary with the bandwidth, the kernel, the number of datapoints, and across poverty lines. Depending on the chosen bandwidth, the $1/day poverty rate in 2000 varies by a factor of 1.8, while the $2/day headcount in 2000 varies by 287 million people. Our findings challenge the validity and robustness of poverty estimates derived through kernel density estimation on grouped data.
Keywords:
WP; poverty estimate; density estimate; kernel density estimation; headcount ratio; standard deviation
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Burundi: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
This paper discusses the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) for Burundi. The PRSP comes two and a half years after the approval in January 2004 by the Executive Boards of the IMF and the World Bank of the Interim PRSP (I-PRSP). The PRSP is also the outgrowth of a long period of negotiations encouraged and supported by the international community. The PRSP presents a medium- and long-term development vision for Burundi and sets out bold poverty reduction objectives, which are consistent with the government’s 2005–10 priority program and the Millennium Development Goals.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; private sector; country; monetary policy; civil society; credit system; public expenditure; economic growth; central bank; Poverty reduction and development; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Research Bulletin
IMF Research Bulletin, September 2006
Mr. Antonio Spilimbergo
Research summaries on (1) measuring inflation, and (2) strengthening Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) programs through poverty and social impact analysis (PSIA); country study on Spain; listing of contents of Vol. 53, Special Issue of IMF Staff Papers, summary of recently published IMF book entitled "IMF-Supported Programs: Recent Staff Research"; listings of recent external publications by IMF staff members, IMF Working Papers, and visiting scholars at the IMF during January-August 2006.
Keywords:
IRB; IMF staff research; governance structure; price index; P-D CPI gap; volume; IMF's role; inflation differential; data standards initiative; Consumer price indexes; Poverty reduction; Price indexes; Capital account crisis; Sub-Saharan Africa; Europe; Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
United Republic of Tanzania: Ex Post Assessment of Longer-Term Program Engagement
International Monetary Fund
The report assesses the Ex Post Assessment of Longer-Term Program Engagement. It reviews the success of the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) program in achieving rapid growth, low inflation, and a comfortable external position. It highlights that the design of the programs has been appropriate, and conditionality has been focused. It analyzes that the program implementation improved under the PRGF, although some challenges still remain. Against this background, a Policy Support Instrument would be an appropriate form of economic support for Tanzania.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; private sector; exchange rate; Fund-supported program; economic growth; foreign direct investment; poverty rate; monetary policy; Poverty reduction; Poverty reduction strategy; Exports; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
United Republic of Tanzania: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
This paper on the United Republic of Tanzania’s Poverty Reduction Strategy reports that increases in investments in infrastructure such as roads, telecommunications, mining, and tourism have been recorded owing to increased inflows of foreign direct investments and domestic revenue effort. Significant improvement in performance is evident in areas such as primary education and road network. The current levels of delivery of services require further improvements in quantity and quality, which call for sustained investments in all sectors.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; private sector; natural resources; civil society; local government; quality of life; poverty line; child labour; justice system; income poverty; resource allocation; labour force; government policy; inflation rate; Poverty reduction; Poverty reduction strategy; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
United Republic of Tanzania: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: Joint Staff Advisory Note
International Monetary Fund
This paper presents Joint Staff Advisory Note on the United Republic of Tanzania’s Poverty Reduction Strategy. Tanzania has already achieved the Millennium Development Goals for universal primary education, and significant progress has been made in reducing income poverty, malnutrition, child mortality, and gender inequality in primary education. Improving agricultural productivity requires making progress with implementing the agricultural sector strategy, promoting innovation, value addition and crop and region-specific approaches, and removing obstacles to doing business.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Mkukuta; government; MKUKUTA implementation; MKUKUTA objective; MKUKUTA outcome; MKUKUTA implementation framework; MKUKUTA indicators ongoing; Kiswahili acronym MKUKUTA; MKUKUTA cluster objective; Budget planning and preparation; Poverty reduction strategy; Poverty reduction; Income inequality