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Social Science > Poverty and Homelessness

You are looking at 1 - 4 of 4 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Recoveries After Pandemics: The Role of Policies and Structural Features
Juan Pablo Cuesta Aguirre
and
Mrs. Swarnali A Hannan
To shed light on the possible scarring effects from Covid-19, this paper studies the economic effects of five past pandemics using local projections on a sample of fifty-five countries over 1990-2019. The findings reveal that pandemics have detrimental medium-term effects on output, unemployment, poverty, and inequality. However, policies can go a long way toward alleviating suffering and fostering an inclusive recovery. The adverse output effects are limited for countries that provided relatively greater fiscal support. The increases in unemployment, poverty, and inequality are likewise lower for countries with relatively greater fiscal support and relatively stronger initial conditions (as defined by higher formality, family benefits, and health spending per capita).
Keywords:
pandemics; output; unemployment; poverty; inequality; fiscal support; informality; social expenditure; health expenditure.; increases in unemployment; copyright page; potential GDP; group four; expenditure group; COVID-19; Income inequality; Health care spending; Maternity and childcare benefit spending; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Gross National Happiness and Macroeconomic Indicators in the Kingdom of Bhutan
Sriram Balasubramanian
and
Mr. Paul Cashin
This paper examines the origins and use of the concept of Gross National Happiness (or subjective well-being) in the Kingdom of Bhutan, and the relationship between measured well-being and macroeconomic indicators. While there are only a few national surveys of Gross National Happiness in Bhutan, the concept has been used to guide public policymaking for the country’s various Five-Year Plans. Consistent with the Easterlin Paradox, available evidence indicates that Bhutan’s rapid increase in national income is only weakly associated with increases in measured levels of well-being. It will be important for Bhutan to undertake more frequent Gross National Happiness surveys and evaluations, to better build evidence for comovement of well-being and macroeconomic concepts such as real national income.
Keywords:
WP; Bhutan; real GDP; GNH survey; GNH framework; indicator; real income; gross national happiness; gross domestic product; GNH index; GNH objective; GNH indicator; GNH policy; GNH tool; Income; Housing; Poverty reduction; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Poverty, Growth, and Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Did the Walk Match the Talk under the PRSP Approach?
Mr. Daouda Sembene
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have shown strong signs of growth resilience in the aftermath of the recent global crisis. Yet, this paper finds evidence that growth has more than proportionately benefited the top quintile during PRSP implementation. It finds that PRSP implementation has neither reduced poverty headcount nor raised the income share of the poorest quintile in Sub-Saharan Africa. While countries in other regions have been more successful in reducing poverty and increasing the income share of the poor, there is no conclusive evidence that PRSP implementation has played a role in shaping these outcomes.
Keywords:
WP; PRSP country; PRSP implementation; PRSP approach; PRSP countries in Sub-Saharan Africa; PRSP process; Poverty; Growth; Inequality; PRSP; poverty incidence; PRSP experience; PRSP sourcebook; PRSP countries from Sub-Saharan Africa; PRSP dummy; Personal income; Income inequality; Poverty reduction; Poverty reduction strategy; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Poverty, Inequality, and Unethical Behavior of the Strong
Mr. Arye L. Hillman
This paper is concerned with economic consequences of unethical governance. A framework is set out, based on principles of Friedrich Nietzsche, that ties poverty and inequality to unethical behavior of the strong toward the weak. The paper contributes to an understanding of why poverty and inequality have remained entrenched in some societies in spite of repeated programs intended to improve living standards. The purpose is to include ethics of governance, and, in particular, unethical behavior of the strong toward the weak, in preconditions for economic development.
Keywords:
WP; discount rate; poverty; development; government; ethics; Nietzsche; Nietzschean behavior; expected return; behavior of the Nash equilibrium; normalized value; transition society; moral philosophy; Nietzschean society; Discount rates; Income inequality; Income distribution; Southeast Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa