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Social Science > Poverty and Homelessness

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Pakistan: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
The distribution of poor population in Pakistan suggests that almost 75 percent of the poor are clustered around the poverty line. The economy moved to a higher growth trajectory in the vicinity of 6–7 percent real GDP growth during FY 2002–07, and resultantly the poverty declined substantially in FY 2004/05. The productive capacity of the economy remained alien to this higher growth and new industrial capacity was hardly added to the economy. The fiscal year 2007/08 was a volatile year for Pakistan’s economy both on domestic and external fronts.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financial year; private sector; base year; fiscal year; federal government; banking sector; Global; South Asia; Central Asia; East Asia
Cover IMF Working Papers
When is Economic Growth Pro-Poor? Experiences in Malaysia and Pakistan
Mr. Mahmood Hasan Khan
This paper focuses on two central issues related to the contrasting experiences of Malaysia and Pakistan regarding poverty reduction. First, it examines the structure of economic growth and its proximate determinants in the two countries, including the initial conditions, institutional changes, and macroeconomic policies. Second, it analyzes the links between economic growth and poverty reduction, particularly focusing on public policy mechanisms to reduce poverty and inequality. Malaysia, unlike Pakistan, was able to sustain rapid economic growth with equally impressive reduction in poverty because the governments included the poverty reduction goal in national development plans and pursued policies consistent with the twin goals.
Keywords:
WP; budget deficit; Alliance government; land reform; private sector; foreign exchange; labor market; structural adjustment; Economic Growth; Poverty; Malaysia; Pakistan; a number of government policy; development authorities; government bureaucracy; poverty reduction program; open economy; inflation rate; government program; government intervention; absolute poverty; Poverty reduction; Income; Middle East
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Philippines: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper reviews the economic development in the Philippines during the 1990s. Growth, which virtually came to a halt in the early 1990s, picked up in 1993 and accelerated steadily to almost 7 percent by end-1996, fueled by an expansion in exports and investment. At the same time, the fiscal position strengthened, inflation was successfully brought down to single digits, and with large capital inflows, particularly in 1996, gross international reserves rose to record levels. This reversal of economic fortunes was largely the result of major reforms undertaken in the past decade.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; poverty incidence; cost of capital; government expenditure; income distribution; Gini coefficient; distribution in the Philippines; Inflation targeting; Inflation; Personal income; Income distribution; East Asia
Cover IMF Working Papers
Poverty, Income Distribution, and Economic Policy in the Philippines
Mr. Philip R. Gerson
Income distribution in the Philippines is highly uneven, and poverty rates are higher than in other ASEAN countries. In addition, although the poverty rate has declined over time, the rate of decline has been lower than in other countries, and income inequality has been persistent. These facts are due to historically slow economic growth, owing in part to poor policies, as well as to past failures to reduce structural impediments to a more equal distribution of income. Despite reforms in recent years, it will likely take some time to erase the effects of past policies.
Keywords:
WP; poverty incidence; government expenditure; cost of capital; poverty rate; Poverty; Income Distribution; Philippines; land reform; distribution in the Philippines; increase equity; Personal income; East Asia