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Social Science > Poverty and Homelessness

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Somalia: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper-Joint Staff Advisory Note
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This Joint Staff Advisory Note (JSAN) reviews the first Annual Progress Report (APR) on Somalia’s Ninth National Development Plan (NDP9). NDP9 is a nationally owned and comprehensive strategy for poverty reduction and inclusive growth. It covers 2020–2024 and is organized around the four pillars: Inclusive Politics, Security and the Rule of Law, Economic Development and Social Development. Somalia began implementing NDP9 at a time of profound challenges posed by the ‘triple crises’ of locust infestations, a global pandemic, and floods. An outbreak of desert locusts started in 2019 that threatened the food supply across the Horn of Africa. In 2020, the world was hit by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The IMF Staff concur with the APR’s assessment that important progress has been made on implementation of the NPD9, despite challenges from the triple shocks faced by Somalia in 2020. Notwithstanding the multiple shocks, the Somali authorities preserved macroeconomic stability and maintained the reform momentum, strengthening domestic revenue mobilization, public financial management, financial sector regulation and supervision, statistics and governance.
Keywords:
objective of the JSAN; copyright page; advisory note; feedback to the country; cash transfer program; Poverty reduction strategy; Budget planning and preparation; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Somalia: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper-Joint Staff Advisory Note
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This Joint Staff Advisory Note on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper discusses that Somalia has made noteworthy progress since 2012 to recover from decades of conflict and state fragmentation. The country has succeeded in rebuilding core state capabilities and organized two democratic national elections in 2012 and 2017. Somalia has now reached the stage where it seeks to fully reengage the international community and is requesting debt relief through the heavily indebted poor countries initiative. The authorities developed the Ninth National Development Plan (NPD9) through a highly consultative, participatory process that ensured full country ownership. The macroeconomic policy objectives of NDP9 are to promote economic growth in an environment of low inflation, sustainable fiscal and current account balances, and healthy foreign exchange reserves. The IMF staff recommends updating framework to incorporate greater support for poverty reduction and additional financing from development partners during the interim period. The IMF staff supports the authorities’ commitment to issuing new Somali shilling banknotes, while maintaining de facto dollarization.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; NDP9; government; NDP topic; connections to the RRF; Somali government; debt management; core government function; government structure; private sector; Budget planning and preparation; Poverty reduction strategy; Fiscal governance; Africa; East Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper focuses on macro-critical issues related to governance and corruption in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Third-party indicators suggest that governance has been poor and corruption widespread in the country. Conducting an audit of the civil service and improving the transparency of its remuneration system, simplifying tax payment processes, and merging the activities of the numerous revenue agencies would boost public efficiency and improve the business environment. Contract enforcement and protection of property rights could be enhanced by insulating the courts from external influence. Limited information on the budget annexes and special accounts and little or no oversight by the central government, Parliament, and civil society, create scope for corruption. The multiplicity of special taxes and fees, some accruing to special accounts outside the Treasury, generate opportunities for corruption and informalization of economic activity. Despite some progress in strengthening public financial management, budget execution remains deficient. The government has formalized the four stages of the expenditure chain and introduced budget commitment plans to align expenditures with revenues.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Congo; country; government; DRC government expenditure; bank rating; natural resource; B. government strategy; resource sector; revenue agency; curse thesis; FBNBANK DRC; Mining sector; Natural resources; Budget planning and preparation; Corruption; Global; Southern Africa; Central Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper takes stock of poverty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Poverty has receded in the DRC over the last decade on the back of gradual stabilization in the security and political situation, strong economic growth, and sharp decline in inflationary pressures. Most social indicators also improved during the period. However, poverty remains pervasive with a level still among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and DRC will likely not achieve any of the Millennium Developments Goals by 2015. Policy actions should focus on fostering the development of labor-intensive sector, increasing social spending, and redirecting public resources to the poorest regions of the country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Congo; budget; rate; export diversification; B. Benchmarking DRC; world development indicator; execution revenue gap; execution expenditure gap; Mining sector; Export diversification; Financial inclusion; Exports; Global; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Southern Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Donor Competition for Aid Impact, and Aid Fragmentation
Mr. Kurt Annen
and
Mr. Luc Moers
This paper shows that donors that maximize relative aid impact spread their budgets across many recipient countries in a unique Nash equilibrium, explaining aid fragmentation. This equilibrium may be inefficient even without fixed costs, and the inefficiency increases in the equality of donors budgets. The paper presents empirical evidence consistent with theoretical results. These imply that, short of ending donors maximization of relative aid impact, agreements to better coordinate aid allocations are not implementable. Moreover, since policies to increase donor competition in terms of aid effectiveness risk reinforcing relativeness, they may well backfire, as any such reinforcement increases aid fragmentation.
Keywords:
WP; aid allocation; donor competition; Foreign Aid; Aid Effectiveness; Aid Fragmentation; Donor Coordination; donor ranking; donor fragmentation; Budget planning and preparation; Competition; Poverty reduction; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Islamic Republic of Mauritania: Ex Post Assessment of Longer-Term Program Engagement
International Monetary Fund
In this study, the ex post assessment (EPA) of longer program engagement with Mauritania is discussed. From this program, macroeconomic stability has been achieved. EPAs are intended to provide an opportunity to step back from continuing program relations to consider an analysis of the economic problems facing the country, review progress under IMF-supported programs, and draw forward-looking lessons for future IMF engagement. The newly designed poverty reduction strategy and ECF-supported program addresses the challenges identified by the EPA.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Fund; executive board assessment; Ex-Post Assessment; assessment; finalized poverty-reduction strategy paper; executive board discussion; discussions of article IV consultation; structural adjustment; business environment; Poverty reduction; Poverty reduction strategy; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Armenia: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: Progress Report
International Monetary Fund
The main drivers of economic growth in Armenia were the construction and service sectors. The global economic crisis resulted in a substantial change in the structure of the economy. The drastic decline in the volume of foreign financing prejudice the continuation of rapid economic growth in the medium term and point to the need for incentives for exports and diversification, as well as encouraging of high-quality job openings and high levels of productivity. Reforms are needed in the key sectors of agriculture and infrastructure.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; SDP target; economic crisis; public expenditure; social policy; exchange rate; SDP policy; poverty rate; SDP forecast; SDP implementation; monthly salary; RA government; target indicator; judicial system; Budget planning and preparation; Global; Eastern Europe; Baltics
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Tchad: Document de stratégie de réduction de la pauvreté
International Monetary Fund
Depuis plusieurs années, le FMI publie un nombre croissant de rapports et autres documents couvrant l'évolution et les tendances économiques et financières dans les pays membres. Chaque rapport, rédigé par une équipe des services du FMI à la suite d'entretiens avec des représentants des autorités, est publié avec l'accord du pays concerné.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; public expenditure; civil society; private sector
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Chad: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
In October 2006, the Chadian government prepared a second National Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS2). NPRS2 analyzed poverty in Chad, reviewed the results of the first NPRS and progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), defined the strategic pillars of the second strategy, examined two key scenarios for poverty reduction and growth, and described the institutional framework for implementation of the strategy. The government considers NPRS2 as the main instrument for achieving the MDGs in Chad, and therefore the preferred framework for socioeconomic development.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; public expenditure; civil society; private sector; government budget; human resources; economic growth; reform program; information system; Poverty reduction; Global; Africa; Central Africa; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Afghanistan National Development Strategy: First Annual Report (2008/09)
International Monetary Fund
This paper discusses key findings of the First Annual Report (2008/09) on the Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS). The economic and security situation was particularly challenging during the first year of ANDS implementation (1387 or 2008/09) owing to rapid increases in food and fuel prices and sharply increased violence in some provinces. Both imports and exports have been increasing at high rates. A major concern continues to be slow progress in meeting revenue targets and the ability to effectively control spending.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; operating budget; resource allocation; international community; development priority; donor-government interaction; management process; ANDS implementation; government financing; sector strategy; Budget planning and preparation; Budget execution and treasury management; Central Asia; South Asia