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Social Science > Poverty and Homelessness

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Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, December 2012
International Monetary Fund
By combating malaria with mosquito nets or building schools and providing basic sanitation, philanthropy is helping transform the developing world. Rich donors are devoting fortunes—many of them earned through computer software, entertainment, and venture capitalism— to defeating poverty and improving lives, supplementing and in some cases surpassing official aid channels.From billionaires Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett to Aliko Dangote and George Soros, the titans of capitalism are backing good causes with their cash. Whether financing new vaccines, building libraries, or buying up Amazon rain forest to protect the environment, philanthropists are supporting innovations and new approaches that are changing lives and building dreams.This issue of F&D looks at the world of targeted giving and social entrepreneurship.“ Philanthropy’s role is to get things started,” says Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, who is the world’s most generous giver. “We used foundation funds to set up a system to make market forces work in favor of the poor.” He says that catalytic philanthropy can make a big difference. “Good ideas need evangelists. Forgotten communities need advocates.” Former U.S. President Bill Clinton tells us that networks of creative cooperation between government, business, and civil society can get things done better to solve the world’s most pressing problems.Also in this issue, Prakash Loungani profiles superstar economist Jeffrey Sachs, who helped campaign for debt relief for developing economies and championed the Millennium Development Goals. We look at how, instead of spending commodity price windfalls on physical investments, which are often sources of corruption, governments of poor countries are sometimes well advised to hand some of the income over to their citizens. We examine moves by major central banks to ease our way out of the crisis enveloping advanced economies in our Data Spotlight column, and we hear about how China’s growth inspires creativity in the West.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; price; economy; income; High school graduate
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, December 2012
International Monetary Fund
By combating malaria with mosquito nets or building schools and providing basic sanitation, philanthropy is helping transform the developing world. Rich donors are devoting fortunes—many of them earned through computer software, entertainment, and venture capitalism— to defeating poverty and improving lives, supplementing and in some cases surpassing official aid channels.From billionaires Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett to Aliko Dangote and George Soros, the titans of capitalism are backing good causes with their cash. Whether financing new vaccines, building libraries, or buying up Amazon rain forest to protect the environment, philanthropists are supporting innovations and new approaches that are changing lives and building dreams.This issue of F&D looks at the world of targeted giving and social entrepreneurship.“ Philanthropy’s role is to get things started,” says Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, who is the world’s most generous giver. “We used foundation funds to set up a system to make market forces work in favor of the poor.” He says that catalytic philanthropy can make a big difference. “Good ideas need evangelists. Forgotten communities need advocates.” Former U.S. President Bill Clinton tells us that networks of creative cooperation between government, business, and civil society can get things done better to solve the world’s most pressing problems.Also in this issue, Prakash Loungani profiles superstar economist Jeffrey Sachs, who helped campaign for debt relief for developing economies and championed the Millennium Development Goals. We look at how, instead of spending commodity price windfalls on physical investments, which are often sources of corruption, governments of poor countries are sometimes well advised to hand some of the income over to their citizens. We examine moves by major central banks to ease our way out of the crisis enveloping advanced economies in our Data Spotlight column, and we hear about how China’s growth inspires creativity in the West.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; price; economy; income; High school graduate
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, December 2012
International Monetary Fund
By combating malaria with mosquito nets or building schools and providing basic sanitation, philanthropy is helping transform the developing world. Rich donors are devoting fortunes—many of them earned through computer software, entertainment, and venture capitalism— to defeating poverty and improving lives, supplementing and in some cases surpassing official aid channels.From billionaires Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett to Aliko Dangote and George Soros, the titans of capitalism are backing good causes with their cash. Whether financing new vaccines, building libraries, or buying up Amazon rain forest to protect the environment, philanthropists are supporting innovations and new approaches that are changing lives and building dreams.This issue of F&D looks at the world of targeted giving and social entrepreneurship.“ Philanthropy’s role is to get things started,” says Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, who is the world’s most generous giver. “We used foundation funds to set up a system to make market forces work in favor of the poor.” He says that catalytic philanthropy can make a big difference. “Good ideas need evangelists. Forgotten communities need advocates.” Former U.S. President Bill Clinton tells us that networks of creative cooperation between government, business, and civil society can get things done better to solve the world’s most pressing problems.Also in this issue, Prakash Loungani profiles superstar economist Jeffrey Sachs, who helped campaign for debt relief for developing economies and championed the Millennium Development Goals. We look at how, instead of spending commodity price windfalls on physical investments, which are often sources of corruption, governments of poor countries are sometimes well advised to hand some of the income over to their citizens. We examine moves by major central banks to ease our way out of the crisis enveloping advanced economies in our Data Spotlight column, and we hear about how China’s growth inspires creativity in the West.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; price; economy; income; High school graduate
Cover Finance & Development
Finances & Développement, décembre 2012
International Monetary Fund
En distribuant des moustiquaires pour combattre le paludisme, en construisant des écoles, ou bien encore en offrant un assainissement de base, la philanthropie aide à transformer le monde en développement. De riches donateurs consacrent des fortunes — souvent bâties dans les logiciels, le spectacle ou le capital-risque — pour vaincre la pauvreté et promouvoir le bien-être, servant d’appoint à l’aide publique, ou parfois même la dépassant. De Bill et Melinda Gates et Warren Buffett à Aliko Dangote et George Soros, les titans du capitalisme financent de nobles causes. Qu’il s’agisse de créer de nouveaux vaccins, de construire des bibliothèques ou de protéger la forêt amazonienne, les philanthropes appuient l’innovation sous toutes ses formes pour améliorer les conditions de vie et nourrir les aspirations. Ce numéro de F&D examine le monde de la philanthropie ciblée et de l’entreprenariat social. «La philanthropie a un rôle d’amorçage», déclare Bill Gates, le cofondateur de Microsoft, et le plus généreux donateur de la planète. «La fondation s’efforce de mettre en place un système qui permette aux forces du marché d’œuvrer en faveur des pauvres». Selon lui, l’effet de catalyse de la philanthropie peut être déterminant. «Les bonnes idées ont besoin d’apôtres et les laissés-pour-compte de défenseurs». L’ex-président Bill Clinton explique que les réseaux de coopération créative entre les États, les entreprises et la société civile peuvent mieux réussir à résoudre les problèmes les plus pressants de la planète. Prakash Loungani brosse le portrait de l’économiste superstar Jeffrey Sachs, champion de l’allègement de la dette et des objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement. Nous examinons en quoi les pays pauvres peuvent avoir intérêt à distribuer une partie des recettes exceptionnelles qu'ils tirent des ressources naturelles au lieu de financer des investissements pouvant être source de corruption. La rubrique Gros plan explique ce que font les banques centrales pour combattre la crise dans les pays avancés. Enfin, nous découvrons en quoi la croissance chinoise est une source de créativité pour le monde occidental.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; price; economy; income; High school graduate
Cover Finance & Development
Finanzas & Desarrollo, diciembre de 2012
International Monetary Fund
Ya sea luchando contra la malaria con mosquiteros, o construyendo escuelas y proporcionando saneamiento básico, la filantropía está ayudando a transformar el mundo en desarrollo. Donantes ricos dedican muchísimo dinero -obtenido en muchos casos a través de sus negocios en los sectores de la informática y el entretenimiento, o de inversiones de capital-riesgo- a luchar contra la pobreza y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas, complementando y, en algunos casos, superando la ayuda oficial. Desde los multimillonarios Bill y Melinda Gates y Warren Buffett a Aliko Dangote y George Soros, los titanes del capitalismo respaldan las buenas causas con su dinero. Ya sea financiando nuevas vacunas, construyendo bibliotecas o adquiriendo tierras en la selva amazónica para proteger el medio ambiente, los filántropos respaldan distintos proyectos y enfoques innovadores que están cambiando la vida de la gente y construyendo sueños. En este número de F&D se examinan el mundo de las donaciones focalizadas y el empresariado social. “El papel de la filantropía es poner en marcha el proceso”, dice el cofundador de Microsoft, Bill Gates, el filántropo más generoso del mundo. “Usamos los fondos de la fundación para establecer un sistema que pusiera a las fuerzas del mercado a trabajar para los pobres”. Según Gates, la filantropía catalizadora puede tener un gran impacto. “Las buenas ideas necesitan divulgación. Las comunidades olvidadas necesitan apoyo activo”. El ex Presidente de Estados Unidos, Bill Clinton, señala que las redes de cooperación creativa entre el gobierno, las empresas y la sociedad civil pueden hacer las cosas mejor para resolver los problemas más apremiantes que afronta el mundo. También en este número, Prakash Loungani traza una semblanza del economista superestrella Jeffrey Sachs, quien apoyó la campaña en favor del alivio de la deuda de las economías en desarrollo e impulsó los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio. Examinamos cómo, en lugar de utilizar las ganancias extraordinarias derivadas de los precios de las materias primas en inversiones físicas, los gobiernos de los países pobres deberían transferir parte de estos ingresos a los ciudadanos. En “Un vistazo a las cifras” analizamos las medidas adoptadas por los principales bancos centrales para salir de la crisis que afecta a las economías avanzadas, e incluimos un artículo sobre cómo el crecimiento en China incentiva la creatividad en Occidente.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; price; economy; income; High school graduate
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, December 2012
International Monetary Fund
By combating malaria with mosquito nets or building schools and providing basic sanitation, philanthropy is helping transform the developing world. Rich donors are devoting fortunes—many of them earned through computer software, entertainment, and venture capitalism— to defeating poverty and improving lives, supplementing and in some cases surpassing official aid channels.From billionaires Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett to Aliko Dangote and George Soros, the titans of capitalism are backing good causes with their cash. Whether financing new vaccines, building libraries, or buying up Amazon rain forest to protect the environment, philanthropists are supporting innovations and new approaches that are changing lives and building dreams.This issue of F&D looks at the world of targeted giving and social entrepreneurship.“ Philanthropy’s role is to get things started,” says Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, who is the world’s most generous giver. “We used foundation funds to set up a system to make market forces work in favor of the poor.” He says that catalytic philanthropy can make a big difference. “Good ideas need evangelists. Forgotten communities need advocates.” Former U.S. President Bill Clinton tells us that networks of creative cooperation between government, business, and civil society can get things done better to solve the world’s most pressing problems.Also in this issue, Prakash Loungani profiles superstar economist Jeffrey Sachs, who helped campaign for debt relief for developing economies and championed the Millennium Development Goals. We look at how, instead of spending commodity price windfalls on physical investments, which are often sources of corruption, governments of poor countries are sometimes well advised to hand some of the income over to their citizens. We examine moves by major central banks to ease our way out of the crisis enveloping advanced economies in our Data Spotlight column, and we hear about how China’s growth inspires creativity in the West.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; price; economy; income; High school graduate; BOE's balance sheet; investment firm; BOE's purchase; High school education; data spotlight; catalytic philanthropy; absolute poverty poverty line; Income inequality; Inflation; Self-employment; Public investment spending; Global; Europe; Western Europe; Africa; Middle East
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Peru: Selected Issues Paper
International Monetary Fund
Peru’s fiscal framework embedded in the Fiscal Responsibility and Transparency Law (FRTL) has proved to be effective in reducing debt. The FRTL embodies some countercyclical elements in response to output or commodity price shocks. The combination of a provision for a moderate deficit on the downside, and a current expenditure cap on the upside, allows for some countercyclical policy. It still has pockets of procyclicality in the face of large shocks to output or commodity prices.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Peru; commodity price; GDP; central bank; poverty reduction; BoE executive; financial system; comparative advantage; trend output; Financial sector stability; Macroprudential policy; Fiscal stance; Commodity prices; Global; Africa; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Liberia: Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
Liberia’s Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy (iPRS) sets out the emerging process and framework for recovery and reconstruction in the context of post-conflict Liberia. The iPRSP sets out the national socio-economic context, the preparatory process, dimensions of the emerging policy, capacity-building and program choices and priorities for poverty reduction and development, as well as anticipated implementation challenges. It also represents a further opportunity for deepening Liberia's development partnership. Liberia needs to be rebuilt at all levels of the public sector, private sector, and civil society.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; civil society; job creation; private sector; civil service; local government; civil war; energy policy; government of Liberia; political system; open door; community development; donor-government partnership framework; reform process; international community; government ministry; government intervention; Poverty reduction strategy; West Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Chile: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
The report gives details of the economic analysis for the implementation of Chile's inflation targeting framework. It reviews the current state of liquidity in the Chilean fixed-income markets and developments and impediments to the supply of corporate bonds to the market. The paper considers a number of microstructure issues, transparency in the Over-the-Counter (OTC) market, addresses the role of public debt in facilitating development of the financial markets, and discusses a potential debt management framework that would support the development of a liquid public debt market.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; market; market participant; Chile; bond; fixed-income market; short-to-medium-run inflation; review market development; central bank staff; Poverty reduction; Pension spending; Securities markets; Europe; Africa; Australia and New Zealand; Southeast Asia; East Asia
Cover Perspectivas de la economía mundial, mayo de 2000
Perspectivas de la economía mundial, mayo de 2000
Los precios de los activos y el ciclo económico
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

Abstract

El informe sobre las Perspectivas de la economía mundial, publicado dos veces al año en inglés, francés, español y árabe, presenta análisis realizados por economistas del cuerpo técnico del FMI sobre la evolución económica mundial a corto y mediano plazo. En los capítulos se presenta un panorama de la economía mundial; se consideran cuestiones que afectan a los países industriales, los países en desarrollo y las economías en transición hacia un sistema de mercado, y se abordan temas relevantes para la situación actual. Anexos, recuadros, gráficos y un extenso apéndice estadístico complementan el texto.

Keywords:
WEO; U.S. dollar; monetary policy; asset price; exchange rate; per capita income